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Addis Ababa University School of Graduate Studies College of Social Sciences Department of Geography and Environmental Studies ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES COLLEGE OF SOCIAL SCIENCES DEPARTMENT OF GEOGRAPHY AND ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES STREAM OF GIS, REMOTE SENSING AND DIGITAL CARTOGRAPHY GIS AND REMOTE SENSING BASED SITE SUITABLITY ANALYISIS FOR TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN EAST GOJJAM ZONE, ETHIOPIA BY ZIYEN ACHAMYELEH A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES OF ADDIS ABABAUNIVERSITY IN PARTIAL FULLFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS IN GEOGRAPHY AND ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES SPECIALIZATION IN GIS, REMOTE SENSING AND DIGITAL CARTOGRAPHY ADDIS ABABA OCTOBER 2020 STATEMENT OF APPROVAL Addis Ababa University School of Graduate Studies This is to certify that the project prepared by Ziyen Achamyeleh, entitled; “GIS and Remote Sensing Based Site Suitability Analysis for Tourism Development: The case of East Gojjam Zone” submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Geography and Environmental Studies (Specialization in GIS, Remote Sensing and Digital Cartography) complies with the regulations of the university and meets the accepted standards with respect to the originality and quality. Signed by ____________ ___________ Thesis Advisor Signature Date ______ ___________ Internal Examiner Signature Date ____________ ___________ External Examiner Signature Date Chair of Department or Graduate Program Coordinator STATEMENT OF DECLARATION This thesis is my original work and has not been presented for academic purpose or degree award in the Addis Ababa University or any other university. Therefore, hereby, I declare that this thesis paper contains no section copied in whole or in part from any sources unless explicitly quoted. Declared by: Ziyen Achamyeleh Mekonnen Signature__________________ Date: _________________ Addis Ababa University ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First of all, I would like to thank my God for the grace strength and well health provided to me for completing this course. I would like to give thanks for Addis Ababa University for giving female scholarship and also my organization Ethiopian Geospatial Information Institute for giving permission to learn .Then I would like to thank my advisor Teferi Mekonnen(PhD) for his guidance, support and useful comments during the thesis work starting from the draft proposal. In addition, Asnake Mekuriaw(PhD) is gratefully acknowledged for providing his support for data analysis and giving comments.I would also like to give great appreciation and acknowledgement to my friends Ahimed Hamid, Getachew Haile, Lemi Elala, Amanuel Kumsa and Yohanis Ebistu for their unrestricted support throughout this study. Great thanks also go to Administrators, destination managers, hotel owners, tourism experts and staffs of East Gojjam Zone and Woreda offices, for their co-operation during fieldwork, provision of necessary data and helping in answering the questionnaires and interviews. Finally I would like to give great appreciation and acknowledgement for my parents because of their great (constrictive) advice next to God in my challenging time. Ziyen Achamyeleh October 2020 i Table of Content Page ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ..............................................................................................................i Table of Content............................................................................................................................... ii List of Tables ...................................................................................................................................v List of Figure................................................................................................................................... vi Acronyms and Abbreviation .......................................................................................................... vii ABSTRACT.................................................................................................................................. viii CHAPTER ONE ............................................................................................................................. 1 1. INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Background of the Study....................................................................................................... 1 1.2. Statement of the Problem ..................................................................................................... 2 1.3. Objectives of the Study ........................................................................................................ 4 1.4. Research Questions .............................................................................................................. 4 1.5. Scope of the Study................................................................................................................ 4 1.6. Significance of the Study ..................................................................................................... 4 1.7. Limitation of the Study ........................................................................................................ 5 1.8. Operational Definition of Terms .......................................................................................... 5 1.9. Organization of the Paper..................................................................................................... 6 CHAPTER TWO ............................................................................................................................ 7 2. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE .................................................................................. 7 2.1 Conceptual Literature ............................................................................................................ 7 2.1.1 Concepts and definition of tourism................................................................................. 7 2.1.2. Categories of tourist attractions ..................................................................................... 7 2.1.3. Role of tourism .............................................................................................................. 8 2.1.4. Factors of tourism .......................................................................................................... 9 2.1.5. Tourism and sustainable development......................................................................... 10 2.1.6 Application of remote-sensing and GIS for tourism..................................................... 11 2.1.7. Suitability analysis ....................................................................................................... 12 2.1.8. GIS and multi-criteria evaluation ................................................................................ 12 2.1.9. Criteria used for tourism site selection ........................................................................ 13 ii 2.2 Theoretical Literature .......................................................................................................... 14 2.2.1 Theories of tourism development ................................................................................. 14 2.2.1.1. The evolutionary theory ........................................................................................ 15 2.2.1.2. Motivation theories ............................................................................................... 16 2.3. Empirical Literature Review .............................................................................................. 19 2.4. Conceptual Framework of the Study.................................................................................. 21 CHAPTER THREE ...................................................................................................................... 22 3. STUDY AREA OVERVIEW, MATERIALS AND METHODS ............................................ 22 3.1 Study Area Description ....................................................................................................... 22 3.1.1 Location ........................................................................................................................ 22 3.1.2 Topography, climate and vegetation............................................................................. 23 3.1.3. Demography and socio economic activities ................................................................ 24 3.2. Research Methods .............................................................................................................. 25 3.2.1. Data acquisition ........................................................................................................... 25 3.2.2. Sampling techniques .................................................................................................... 26 3.2.3 Data processing and method of analysis....................................................................... 27 3.2.2. Work Flow Chart (Methodology) ................................................................................ 30 CHAPTER FOUR......................................................................................................................... 31 4. DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION ...................................................................... 31 4.1. Tourist Attraction Sites of East Gojjam Zone .................................................................... 31 4.1.1 Cultural attractions of East Gojjam Zone ....................................................................
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