DOCSLIB.ORG

Vegetables Market Chain Analysis in Amhara

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Vegetables Market Chain Analysis in Amhara VEGETABLE MARKET CHAIN ANALYSIS IN AMHARA NATIONAL REGIONAL STATE: THE CASE OF FOGERA WOREDA, SOUTH GONDAR ZONE M.Sc. Thesis ABAY AKALU WELDESLASSIE October 2007 Haramaya University VEGETABLE MARKET CHAIN ANALYSIS IN AMHARA NATIONAL REGIONAL STATE: THE CASE OF FOGERA WOREDA, SOUTH GONDAR A Thesis Submitted to the Department of Agricultural Economics, School of Graduate Studies HARAMAYA UNIVERSITY In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE IN AGRICULTURE (AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS) BY Abay Akalu Weldeslassie October 2007 Haramaya University ii APPROVAL SHEET SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES HARAMAYA UNIVERSITY As Thesis research advisors, we here by certify that we have read and evaluated this Thesis prepared, under our guidance, by Abay Akalu Weldeslassie entitled “Vegetable Market Chain Analysis in Amhara National Regional State: the Case of Fogera Woreda, South Gondar Zone”. We recommend that it be submitted as fulfilling the thesis requirement. Professor Belay Kassa ______________ ___________ Major Advisor Signature Date Dirk Hoekstra _________________ ___________ Co-Advisor Signature Date As member of the Board of Examiners of the M.Sc Thesis Open Defense Examination, we certify that we have read, evaluated the Thesis prepared by Abay Akalu Weldeslassie and examined the candidate. We recommended that the Thesis be accepted as fulfilling the Thesis requirement for the Degree of Master of Science in Agriculture (Agricultural Economics). Dr. Belayneh Legesse _______________ October 06, 2007 Chair person Signature Date Dr. Bekabil Fufa _________________ October 06, 2007 Internal Examiner Signature Date Dr. Dawit Alemu _________________ October 06, 2007 External Examiner Signature Date iii DEDICATION I dedicate this piece of work to my father, Memhir Akalu Weldeslassie, and my wife, Yeshiwork Yalew, together with our kids, for all their contribution. iv STATEMENT OF THE AUTHOR First, I declare that this thesis is my solely work and that all sources of materials used for this thesis have been duly acknowledged. This thesis has been submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for an advanced MSc degree at the Haramaya University and is deposited at the University Library to be available to borrowers under rules of the library. I solemnly declare that this thesis is not submitted to any other institution anywhere for the award of any academic degree, diploma, or certificate. Brief quotations from this thesis are allowable without special permission provided that accurate acknowledgement of source is made. Requests for permission for extended quotation from or reproduction of this manuscript in whole or in part may be granted by the head of the major department or the Dean of the School of Graduate Studies when in his or her judgment the proposed use of the material is in the interests of scholarship. In all other instances, however, permission must be obtained from the author. Name: Abaya Akalu Weldeslassie Signature: _____________ Place: Haramaya University, Haramaya Date: October 15, 2007. v BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH The author was born on July 18, 1973 in Gondar. He attended his elementary school at Amba Giorigis Primary and Junior Secondary School and Secondary school at Fasiledes Comprehensive High School at Gondar. Joined the then Alemaya University of Agriculture in 1988/89, he graduated with B.Sc. degree in Agricultural Economics on 5th of September 1992. Working latest five years for Amhara National Regional State Cooperatives Promotion Bureau until he joined Haramaya University for postgraduate studies in October 2005, the author was working at different levels for Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Development from 1993-98. vi ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I thank professor Belay Kassa for all his support in the course of my work. His motive to share knowledge (a reflection of modern knowledge management principles) by providing me those interesting books, which would only be able to get unless, went to Europe or America, in fact an illusion for me are unforgettable. My equal appreciation, without repeating similar words, also goes to my co-advisor Dirk Hoekstra and equally grateful to Dr Berhanu Gebremedhin for their advice, guidance, constructive, critical comments since the inception of the proposal until the final date of submission. Both individuals were with me in all the assignment. Dirk has strictly followed me the whole period through reviewing the manuscript and giving me fruitful comments on both the substance as well as the English. Dr Berhanu on the other hand supported me much on research methodology and econometric analysis. His critical comments and suggestions on the econometric analysis was very much above the required that helped me develop to some extent standard Thesis. I want to remind readers of this Thesis on the quality of the write up that the gap that might be observed would be fully attributable to my failure to write what I have been guided not to anyone of the advisors or Dr Berhanu. Other members of the IPMS-ILRI are also acknowledged namely Muluhiwot (IPMS Administrator), Birkie (IPMS-Secretary), Teshome and Tilahun (Fogera IPMS-ILRI pilot learning site staff) for their at ease facilitation of all logistical matters. Improving Productivity and Market Success (IPMS) for Ethiopian Farmers Project- International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) is also impassable without giving thanks for granting fund. Other friends like Demelash Seifu were also with me. Hence, I would like to convey my heartfelt thanks to every body who has a hand on my achievements. Finally, more than every body, equally to my advisors, I am obliged to extend my gratitude to my family /my wife Yeshiwork Yalew, son Natnael and daughter Hilina/ for their invaluable sacrifice in every perspective until I returned. Without their support, completion would have not been real. All honors associated with this degree (if appear) belong to them, more than me. vii ABBREVIATIONS ANRS Amhara National Regional State BOFED Bureau of Finance and Economic Development CSA Central Statistical Authority EARO Ethiopian Agricultural Research Organization FAO Food and Agriculture Organization GDP Gross Domestic Product ha Hectare IFPRI International Food Policy Research Institute ILRI International Livestock Research Institute IPMS Improving Productivity for Market Success Ethiopian Farmers’ Project kms Kilometres m.a.s.l meters above sea level MEDAC Ministry of Economic Development and Cooperation MOI Ministry of Information MoARD Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development MSU Michigan State University OLS Ordinary Least Squares SCP Structure Conduct performance SPSS Statistical Package for Social Sciences TGMM Total Gross Marketing Margin VIF Variance Inflation Factor WHO World Health Organization viii TABLE OF CONTENTS STATEMENT OF THE AUTHOR v BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH vi ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS vii ABBREVIATIONS viii LIST OF FIGURES xiii LIST OF APPENDIX TABLES xiv ABSTRACT xv 1. INTRODUCTION 1 1.1. Background 1 1.2. Statement of the Problem 2 1.3. Objectives of the Study 3 1.4. Scope of the Study 3 1.5. Significance of the Study 3 1.6. Limitations of the Study 3 1.7. Organization of the Study 3 2. LITERATURE REVIEW 5 2.1. Definitions 5 2.2. Markets and Development 6 2.3. Peculiarities of Agricultural Production and Marketing 8 2.4. History of Agricultural Marketing Research 9 2.5. Market Chain Analysis 11 2.6. Marketing Functions 13 ix TABLE OF CONTENTS (Cont'd) 2.7. Transaction Costs 13 2.8. Market Supply and Demand 14 2.8.1. Supply 14 2.8.2. Demand 17 2.9. Status of Vegetable Production in Ethiopia 19 2.10. Review of Empirical Studies in Ethiopia 21 3. METHODOLOGY 24 3.1. The Study Setting 24 3.2. Methods of Data Collection 25 3.3. Sampling Procedures 25 3.3.1. Farmers’ sampling 25 3.3.2. Rural assemblers, wholesalers, and brokers sampling 25 3.3.3. Retailers’ sampling 25 3.3.4. Consumers’ sampling 26 3.4. Methods of Data Analysis 26 3.4.1. Analysis of market structure 26 3.4.2. Analysis of market conduct 28 3.4.3. Analysis of market performance 28 3.4.4. Econometric analysis 31 3.4.4.1 Factors affecting production participation 31 3.4.4.2. Land allocation and market supply analysis 33 3.4.4.3. Demand analysis 37 4. RESULT AND DISCUSSION 41 4.1. Production 41 4.1.1. Household characteristics 41 4.1.2. Farm size and allocation 43 4.1.3. Access 45 4.1.4. Farm practice and crop calendar 49 4.1.5. Seed type, preference and use 51 4.1.6. Cost of production 51 4.1.7. Production and marketing problems and opportunities 53 4.2. Marketing 56 4.2.1. Market structure 56 4.2.1.1. Market participants 56 4.2.1.2. Barrier to entry 63 4.2.2. Standard and grades 64 x TABLE OF CONTENTS (Cont'd) 4.2.3. Packaging 65 4.2.4. Transportation 65 4.2.5. Storage 65 4.2.6. Market information 65 4.2.7 Risk bearing 66 4.2.8 Market conduct 66 4.2.9 Market performance 69 4.3. Results of econometric analysis 76 4.3.1. Production participation 76 4.3.2 Land allocation 78 4.3.3 Market supply 80 4.3.4. Consumption 81 4.3.4.1 Properties of consumers 81 4.3.4.2. Econometric model result 82 5. CONSCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 84 5.1 Conclusions 84 5.2 Recommendations 87 6. REFERENCES 91 7. APPENDICES 97 xi LIST OF TABLES Table Page Table 1 Sampled growers by farming system ..................................................................... 41 Table 2 Respondents’ demographic characteristics............................................................. 42 Table 3 Major crops’ land share.......................................................................................... 44 Table 4 Access to market and road...................................................................................... 46 Table 5 Extension contact frequency and type.................................................................... 47 Table 6 Farmers experience for onion and tomato.............................................................. 49 Table 7 Tillage and weeding practice by farming system................................................... 50 Table 8 Per hectare cost of production ................................................................................ 52 Table 9 Retailers’ demographic characteristics..................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Physico-Chemical Water Quality Assessment of Gilgel Abay River in the Lake Tana Basin, Ethiopia
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by International Institute for Science, Technology and Education (IISTE): E-Journals Civil and Environmental Research www.iiste.org ISSN 2224-5790 (Paper) ISSN 2225-0514 (Online) Vol.8, No.4, 2016 Physico-Chemical Water Quality Assessment of Gilgel Abay River in the Lake Tana Basin, Ethiopia Yirga Kebede Wondim* Hassen Muhabaw Mosa Manalebesh Asmara Alehegn Department of Environment and Water Quality Monitoring, Tana Sub-basin Organization (TaSBO), Bahir Dar, Ethiopia Abstract The physico-chemical parameters such as PH, temperature, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solid, turbidity, total alkalinity, total hardness, ammonia, nitrate, nitrite, phosphate, sulphate, sulfide and iron were investigated to assess the various water quality parameters along the River course of Gilgel Abay River (GAR). The value of those parameters have been evaluated with respect to guidelines provided by World Health Organization(WHO), Ethiopian drinking water quality standards(EDWQS), Canadian Council of Minister for Environment(CCME) and European Community(EC) to indicate the pollution level of GAR. Overall compliance was 58.93%. From a total of 224 samples, 132 samples (58.93%) complied with WHO guidelines and EDWQS. Turbidity, followed by iron, phosphate and sulfide were the prime river water quality issues identified in GAR. Analysis of variance was used to examine the variations of water quality parameters between the dry and rainy seasons, and the variations along the river courses of Gilgel Abay (upper, middle and lower course). The majority of the parameters showed that there is a significant variation of the water quality parameters between the dry and rainy seasons.
    [Show full text]
  • 20Th International Conference of Ethiopian Studies ፳ኛ የኢትዮጵያ ጥናት ጉባኤ
    20th International Conference of Ethiopian Studies ኛ ፳ የኢትዮጵያ ጥናት ጉባኤ Regional and Global Ethiopia – Interconnections and Identities 30 Sep. – 5 Oct. 2018 Mekelle University, Ethiopia Message by Prof. Dr. Fetien Abay, VPRCS, Mekelle University Mekelle University is proud to host the International Conference of Ethiopian Studies (ICES20), the most prestigious conference in social sciences and humanities related to the region. It is the first time that one of the younger universities of Ethiopia has got the opportunity to organize the conference by itself – following the great example set by the French team of the French Centre of Ethiopian Studies in Addis Abeba organizing the ICES in cooperation with Dire Dawa University in 2012, already then with great participation by Mekelle University academics and other younger universities of Ethiopia. We are grateful that we could accept the challenge, based on the set standards, in the new framework of very dynamic academic developments in Ethiopia. The international scene is also diversifying, not only the Ethiopian one, and this conference is a sign for it: As its theme says, Ethiopia is seen in its plural regional and global interconnections. In this sense it becomes even more international than before, as we see now the first time a strong participation from almost all neighboring countries, and other non-Western states, which will certainly contribute to new insights, add new perspectives and enrich the dialogue in international academia. The conference is also international in a new sense, as many academics working in one country are increasingly often nationals of other countries, as more and more academic life and progress anywhere lives from interconnections.
    [Show full text]
  • The Nature of Land Expropriation and Compensation in Amhara National Regional State: a Focus in Bahir Dar Zuriaworeda
    Vol. 6(7), pp. 200-213, October 2018 DOI: 10.14662/IJPSD2018.046 International Journal of Copy©right 2018 Author(s) retain the copyright of this article Political Science and ISSN: 2360-784X Development http://www.academicresearchjournals.org/IJPSD/Index.html Full Length Research The nature of land expropriation and compensation in Amhara National Regional State: a focus in Bahir Dar ZuriaWoreda Sewnet Asabu Alamineh Debre Markos University, College of Social Science, Department of Civics and Ethical Studies, Email: [email protected] Accepted 17 September 2018 This study examined the nature of land expropriation and compensation in Amhara National Regional State (ANRS): a focus on Jovani Alphano and Tana Flora farms in Bahir Dar Zuria Woreda. To address the research objectives, a mixed research approach with concurrent research design was employed. The study accessed both primary and secondary sets of data through interview, questionnaire, document review and Focused Group Discussion. Then, the two data sets gathered through qualitative and quantitative data collection instruments were analyzed and interpreted through statistics-by- themes and side-by-side comparison in an integrative manner through joint display mechanisms. The study revealed that a top down imposition of expropriation was practically implemented without involving evictees at the grass root level in land dealings. Expropriation was carried out without genuine public consultation, ascertaining popular consent and written notification. Similarly, the study found that compensation was paid to evictees; however, the process of valuation was full of uncertainty and jumping which produced dissatisfaction and grievance on evictees. The major conclusion drawn from the finding is the expansion of commercial farming was not made vis-à-vis with reaching consensus about expropriation and compensation with the displaced poor in the study area.
    [Show full text]
  • Addis Ababa University College of Development Studies Tourism Development and Managment Programme
    ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF DEVELOPMENT STUDIES TOURISM DEVELOPMENT AND MANAGMENT PROGRAMME Assess Tourism Resources and Its Development Challenges in Sekela Wereda, West Gojjam, Amhara National Regional State, Ethiopia Submitted by: Mekuanent Ayalew Kassa A Thesis Submitted to the College of Development Studies of Addis Ababa University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts in Tourism Development and Management Addis Ababa University Addis Ababa, Ethiopia June, 2019 1 ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF DEVELOPMENT STUDIES TOURISM DEVELOPMENT AND MANAGMENT PROGRAMME Assess Tourism Resources and Its Development Challenges in Sekela Wereda, West Gojjam, Amhara National Regional State, Ethiopia Submitted by: Mekuanent Ayalew Kassa A Thesis Submitted to the College of Development Studies of Addis Ababa University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts in Tourism Development and Management Addis Ababa University Addis Ababa, Ethiopia June, 2019 2 ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF DEVELOPMENT STUDIES TOURISM DEVELOPMENT AND MANAGMENT PROGRAMME This is to certify that the thesis prepared by Mekuanent Ayalew Kassa, entitled: "Assess Tourism Resources and Its Development Opportunities and Challenges in Sekela Wereda". In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Art in Tourism Development and Management complies with the regulations of the University and meets the accepted standards with respect to originality and quality. Signed by Examining
    [Show full text]
  • Knowledge of Glaucoma and Associated Factors Among Adults in Gish Abay Town, Northwest Ethiopia
    Knowledge Of Glaucoma And Associated Factors Among Adults In Gish Abay Town, Northwest Ethiopia Zewdu Yenegeta Bizuneh ( [email protected] ) St. Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical collage https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4149-7207 Ayanaw Tsega University of Gondar College of Medicine and Health Sciences Yezinash Addis University of Gondar College of Medicine and Health Sciences Fisseha Admassu University of Gondar College of Medicine and Health Sciences Research article Keywords: Knowledge, Glaucoma, Associated factors, Gish Abay, Ethiopia. Posted Date: December 6th, 2019 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.2.436/v4 License: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Read Full License Version of Record: A version of this preprint was published on January 6th, 2020. See the published version at https://doi.org/10.1186/s12886-019-1295-7. Page 1/12 Abstract Introduction Glaucoma is a global public health problem and it is the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide and the fth cause of blindness in Ethiopia. Even though public knowledge of glaucoma is a key for early case identication and prevention of blindness, it is unknown in the study area, making provision of interventions dicult.Objective: To assess knowledge of glaucoma and associated factors among adults in Gish Abay town, Northwest Ethiopia, 2018Methods: A Community based cross - sectional study design with systematic random sampling technique was used to select 630 adults. The study was conducted from April 25-May 05, 2018. Data was entered into Epi Info version 7 and was analysed by Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 23.
    [Show full text]
  • Awareness of Glaucoma and Associated Factors Among Adults in Sekela District, Northwest Ethiopia
    Awareness of Glaucoma and Associated Factors among Adults in Sekela District, Northwest Ethiopia Zewdu Yenegeta Bizuneh ( [email protected] ) Department of ophthalmology, St. Paul’s Hospital millennium medical college Ayanaw Tsega Department of ophthalmology, St. Paul’s Hospital millennium medical college Yezinash Addis Department of optometry, College of medicine and health sciences, University of Gondar Fisseha Admassu Department of ophthalmology, College of medicine and health sciences, University of Gondar Research Article Keywords: Awareness, Glaucoma, Sekela, Ethiopia Posted Date: December 13th, 2018 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.2.70/v1 License: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Read Full License Version of Record: A version of this preprint was published at BMC Ophthalmology on January 6th, 2020. See the published version at https://doi.org/10.1186/s12886-019-1295-7. Page 1/14 Abstract Background Awareness of glaucoma is directly affected by good eye screening practice which in turn helps for reduction of the blindness burden of glaucoma. However, it is unknown in the study area, making provision of interventions dicult. This study was intended to assess awareness of glaucoma and associated factors among adults in Sekela district, Northwest Ethiopia. Methods A population based cross - sectional survey was conducted on 602 adults who were selected by using systematic random sampling from April to May, 2018. Data were entered into Epi Info version 7 and was analyzed by statistical package for social sciences version 23. The adjusted odds ratio with 95% condence interval was calculated to nd out the strength of association.
    [Show full text]
  • Land Use and Land Cover Changes and Their Effects on the Landscape of Abaya-Chamo Basin, Southern Ethiopia
    land Article Land Use and Land Cover Changes and Their Effects on the Landscape of Abaya-Chamo Basin, Southern Ethiopia Ashebir WoldeYohannes 1,*, Marc Cotter 1, Girma Kelboro 2 and Wubneshe Dessalegn 3 1 Management of Crop Water Stress in the Tropics and Subtropics (490g), Institute of Agricultural Sciences in the Tropics (Hans-Ruthenberg-Institute) (490), University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany; [email protected] 2 Center for Development Research (ZEF), University of Bonn, 53113 Bonn, Germany; [email protected] or [email protected] 3 Rural Development Theory and Policy (490a), Institute of Agricultural Sciences in the Tropics (Hans-Ruthenberg-Institute) (490), University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 2 December 2017; Accepted: 4 January 2018; Published: 7 January 2018 Abstract: This study uses a combination of remote sensing data, field interviews and observations, and landscape indices to examine the dynamics of land use and land cover (LULC), identify their driving forces, and analyze their effects on the landscape of Abaya-Chamo Basin (ACB) between 1985, 1995, and 2010. The results reveal that the landscape of ACB has changed considerably during the past 25 years between 1985 and 2010. The main changes observed imply a rapid reduction in shrubland (28.82%) and natural grassland (33.13%), and an increase in arable land (59.15%). The basin has become more fragmented and formed less connected patches in 2010 compared to 1985. Rapid population growth, internal migration, policy shifts, and regime change were identified as the key driving forces of LULC changes in ACB.
    [Show full text]
  • Spatio-Temporal Water Quality Assessment of the Wetlands in The
    International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies 2020; 8(4): 130-138 E-ISSN: 2347-5129 P-ISSN: 2394-0506 (ICV-Poland) Impact Value: 5.62 Spatio-temporal water quality assessment of the (GIF) Impact Factor: 0.549 IJFAS 2020; 8(4): 130-38 wetlands in the lower part of Gilgel Abay River © 2020 IJFAS www.fisheriesjournal.com Catchment, Ethiopia Received: 20-05-2020 Accepted: 24-06-2020 Habtamu Getnet, Seyoum Mengistou and Bikila Warkineh Habtamu Getnet Center for Environmental Science, Collage of Natural Abstract Sciences, Addis Ababa This study was conducted in the wetlands of the lower Gilgel Abay River catchment, Ethiopia from 2017 University, Addis Ababa, to 2018. The objective of the study was to assess the impacts of human activities on the physicochemical Ethiopia parameters and habitat quality of the wetlands. The water quality parameters (temperature, pH, salinity, TDS, TSS, DO, turbidity, electrical conductivity and nutrients) were examined at six study sites during Seyoum Mengistou the wet and dry seasons. The significance of spatial and temporal variability of water quality parameters Department of Zoological was evaluated using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests respectively. The result showed that most Sciences, Collage of Natural of the water quality parameters were significantly different among the sampling sites and between Sciences, Addis Ababa seasons (p< 0.05). The water quality parameter association using principal component analysis (PCA) University, Addis Ababa, indicated that the quality of water was influenced by human activities such as agricultural activities and Ethiopia urban effluent around the wetland. The study concluded that the wetlands have been polluted as a result Bikila Warkineh of the human activities within the wetlands and their surrounding areas.
    [Show full text]
  • The Influence of Land Management on the Prevalence of Informal Settlement and Its Implication for Environmental Management in Bahir Dar City, Ethiopia
    The influence of land management on the prevalence of informal settlement and its implication for environmental management in Bahir Dar city, Ethiopia by TESHOME TAFFA DADI Submitted in accordance with the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF LITERATURE AND PHILOSOPHY In the subject ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT at the UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AFRICA SUPERVISOR: Prof D T DEGAGA July 2018 Dedication To my wife and children, who shared my pains i ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to extend my sincere gratitude to my Adviser, Dr. Degefa Tolossa, who generously devoted his time and knowledge to giving me his proper guidance and suggestions. I also appreciate his patience, invaluable comments and criticisms that he gave me throughout the preparation of this dissertation. I am also indebted to Dr. Tesfaye Teshome and Dr. Tilahun Bejitual for proofreading and correction of errors in English. My sincere gratitude also goes to the sub-city administration leaders of the sample area, staff members of the Bahir Dar city administration, Belay Zeleke and Shimbit Sub-cities, and above all to all those inhabitants who granted me personal and group interviews, without whose cooperation this study would not have been possible. Special thanks go to Ato Belay Sinte, Ato Degu Amogne, Meto Aleqa Berhanu, Ato Agernew, and Ato Asnakew. I owe much to the leadership of the Institute of Land Administration at Bahir Dar University and all other staff members, thank you for your kindness and inspiration and most prominently for your understanding and tolerance. My heartfelt thanks go to my friends and relatives Dr. Dida Midekso, Ato Tefera Atalay, Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • The Source of the Blue Nile – Water Rituals and Traditions in the Lake
    The Source of the Blue Nile The Source of the Blue Nile: Water Rituals and Traditions in the Lake Tana Region By Terje Oestigaard and Gedef Abawa Firew The Source of the Blue Nile: Water Rituals and Traditions in the Lake Tana Region, by Terje Oestigaard and Gedef Abawa Firew This book first published 2013 Cambridge Scholars Publishing 12 Back Chapman Street, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE6 2XX, UK British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Copyright © 2013 by Terje Oestigaard and Gedef Abawa Firew All rights for this book reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owner. ISBN (10): 1-4438-4601-5, ISBN (13): 978-1-4438-4601-1 TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgements ................................................................................... vii Chapter One ................................................................................................. 1 Search for the Sources of the Nile Chapter Two .............................................................................................. 21 Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity and Holy Water Chapter Three ............................................................................................ 45 Abay: The Blue Nile from its Source to the Waterfalls Chapter Four .............................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Morphometric Characterization of Indigenous Goats in East Gojjam Zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by International Institute for Science, Technology and Education (IISTE): E-Journals Advances in Life Science and Technology www.iiste.org ISSN 2224-7181 (Paper) ISSN 2225-062X (Online) Vol.79, 2020 Morphometric Characterization of Indigenous Goats in East Gojjam Zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia S Getahun 1 S Ahmed 2 W Zemene 2 1.Department of Animal Sciences, Raya University P.O. Box: 42, Maichwe, Ethiopia 2.Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Jimma University, P.O. Box: 307, Jimma, Ethiopia Abstract This study was conducted in HuletEjuEnesie, GonchaSisoEnesie and EnbseSarMidir districts of East Gojjam Zone with the aim to Morphometric characterize indigenous goat populations.A total of 600 goats were sampled randomly for phenotypic characterization. The most dominant coat color pattern in the sampled populations wasplain and patchy with the most frequently observed coat color type being light red, white with red and white. Sex of animal had significant effect on all of the body measurements, except ear length, chest depth, and rump length and width. EnbseSarMidir district had significantly higher body measurement values than other districts. Dentition had significant differences on body weight and most of the linear body measurements. Correlations among body weight and linear body measurements were positive for both sexes. The result of the multiple regression analysis showed that heart girth explained more variation than any other linear body measurements in both does (71%) and bucks (82%). The prediction of body weight could be based on regression equation BW = - 37.93 + 0.92CG for female sample population and BW= -44.47 + 1.02CG for male sample goat population.
    [Show full text]
  • ETHIOPIA Media and Telecoms Landscape Guide
    1 ETHIOPIA Media and telecoms landscape guide September 2011 2 Index Page Introduction...................................................................................................3 Media overview............................................................................................11 Radio overview............................................................................................16 Radio stations..............................................................................................22 TV overview..................................................................................................38 TV stations....................................................................................................41 Print overview..............................................................................................47 Main newspapers.........................................................................................49 Online media................................................................................................52 Traditional and informal channels of communication.............................54 Media resources..........................................................................................56 Telecoms overview......................................................................................62 Principal sources.........................................................................................66 Annex 1 – Members of Foreign Correspondents Association................67 Annex 2 –
    [Show full text]