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Historia De Ocupación Y Poblamiento De La Region

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Historia De Ocupación Y Poblamiento De La Region rapid inventories 29 RAPID BIOLOGICAL and SOCIAL INVENTORIES A FIELD MUSEUM PUBLICATION rapid inventories 29 rapid biological and social inventories rapid biological and social inventories 30 Colombia: Bajo Caguán-Caquetá Colombia: Bajo Caquán-Caquetá Instituciones participantes/Participating Institutions Field Museum Fundación para la Conservación y Desarrollo Sostenible (FCDS) Gobernación de Caquetá Corporación para el Desarrollo Sostenible del Sur de la Amazonia (CORPOAMAZONIA) Amazon Conservation Team-Colombia Parques Nacionales Naturales de Colombia ACAICONUCACHA ASCAINCA The Nature Conservancy-Colombia Proyecto Corazón de la Amazonia (GEF) Universidad de la Amazonia Pontificia Universidad Javeriana Universidad Nacional de Colombia Wildlife Conservation Society World Wildlife Fund-Colombia Esta publicación ha sido financiada en parte por el apoyo generoso de un donante anónimo, Bobolink Foundation, Hamill Family Foundation, Connie y Dennis Keller, Gordon and Betty Moore Inventories Social and Biological Rapid Foundation y el Field Museum./This publication has been funded in part by the generous support of an anonymous donor, Bobolink Foundation, Hamill Family Foundation, Connie and Dennis Keller, Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, and the Field Museum. Field Museum Keller Science Action Center Science and Education 1400 South Lake Shore Drive Chicago, Illinois 60605-2496, USA T 312.665.7430 F 312.665.7433 www.fieldmuseum.org THE FIELD MUSEUM THE FIELD ISBN 978-0-9828419-8-3 90000> 9 780982 841983 INFORME/REPORT NO. 30 Colombia: Bajo Caguán-Caquetá Nigel Pitman, Alejandra Salazar Molano, Felipe Samper Samper, Corine Vriesendorp, Adriana Vásquez Cerón, Álvaro del Campo, Theresa L. Miller, Elio Antonio Matapi Yucuna, Michelle E. Thompson, Lesley de Souza, Diana Alvira Reyes, Ana Lemos, Douglas F. Stotz, Nicholas Kotlinski, Tatzyana Wachter, Ellen Woodward y/and Rodrigo Botero García editores/editors Mayo/May 2019 Instituciones Participantes/Participating Institutions The Field Museum Fundación para la Conservación y el Desarrollo Sostenible (FCDS) Gobernación de Caquetá Corporación para el Desarrollo Sostenible del Sur de la Amazonia (CORPOAMAZONIA) Amazon Conservation Parques Nacionales Naturales Team-Colombia de Colombia Asociación Campesina de Asociación de Cabildos Uitoto Núcleo 1 de Bajo Caguán del Alto Río Caquetá The Nature Conservancy- Proyecto Corazón de la Colombia Amazonia (GEF) Universidad de la Amazonia Pontificia Universidad Javeriana Universidad Nacional de Wildlife Conservation Society Colombia World Wildlife Fund-Colombia LOS INFORMES DE LOS INVENTARIOS RÁPIDOS SON PUBLICADOS POR/ Cita sugerida/Suggested citation RAPID INVENTORIES REPORTS ARE PUBLISHED BY: Pitman, N., A. Salazar Molano, F. Samper Samper, C. Vriesendorp, A. Vásquez Cerón, Á. del Campo, T. L. Miller, E. A. Matapi Yucuna, FIELD MUSEUM M. E. Thompson, L. de Souza, D. Alvira Reyes, A. Lemos, D. F. Stotz, Keller Science Action Center N. Kotlinski, T. Wachter, E. Woodward y/and R. Botero García. 2019. Science and Education Colombia: Bajo Caguán-Caquetá. Rapid Biological and Social 1400 South Lake Shore Drive Inventories Report 30. Field Museum, Chicago. Chicago, Illinois 60605-2496, USA T 312.665.7430, F 312.665.7433 Fotos e ilustraciones/Photos and illustrations www.fieldmuseum.org Carátula/Cover: Esta tradicional casa de reuniones, localmente Editores/Editors conocida como maloca, sirvió como campamento base para los equipos biológico y social del inventario rápido en el Resguardo Nigel Pitman, Alejandra Salazar Molano, Felipe Samper Samper, Indígena Bajo Aguas Negras, Caquetá, Colombia. Foto de Jorge Corine Vriesendorp, Adriana Vásquez Cerón, Álvaro del Campo, Enrique García Melo./This traditional meeting house, or maloca, Theresa L. Miller, Elio Antonio Matapi Yucuna, Michelle E. Thompson, was the home base for the rapid inventory biological and social Lesley de Souza, Diana Alvira Reyes, Ana Lemos, Douglas F. Stotz, teams in the Bajo Aguas Negras Indigenous Reserve, Caquetá, Nicholas Kotlinski, Tatzyana Wachter, Ellen Woodward y/and Colombia. Photo by Jorge Enrique García Melo. Rodrigo Botero García Carátula interior/Inner cover: La región del Bajo Caguán-Caquetá Diseño/Design de Colombia es una candidata ideal para ser un área de conser- Costello Communications, Chicago vación de índole comunal y regional, gracias a sus saludables bosques, lagos y ríos que durante décadas han sido protegidos por Mapas y gráficos/Maps and graphics residentes indígenas y campesinos. Foto de Álvaro del Campo./ Nicholas Kotlinski y/and Adriana Rojas Protected for decades by indigenous and campesino residents, Traducciones / Translations the healthy forests, lakes, and rivers of the Bajo Caguán-Caquetá region of Colombia make it an ideal candidate for a community- Álvaro del Campo (English-castellano), Theresa Miller based regional conservation area. Photo by Álvaro del Campo. (castellano-English), Nigel Pitman (castellano-English), Moisés Castro (castellano-m+n+ka), Clemencia Fiagama (castellano- Láminas a color/Color plates: Figs. 10C, 11A, 11C, 11E, 11M, 11Q, m+n+ka), Ángel Tobías Farirama (castellano-m+n+ka y/and D. Alvira Reyes; Figs. 3A–B, 3E–H, J. Ángel Amaya; Figs. 2A–D, 3D, español-m+ka), Luis Antonio Garay (castellano-m+ka), Emérita J. Ángel/H. Serrano/N. Kotlinski; Figs. 9E–F, 9H, 9W–Y, W. Bonell García (castellano-m+ka), Maria Marlene Martines (castellano- Rojas; Figs. 4B–D, 5B–C, 5E, 5G–Q, 9C–D, J. L. Contreras-Herrera; m+ka), Elio Matapi Yucuna (castellano-m+ka), y/and Maria Indira Figs. 8A, 8C, 8H–J, 8K–L, B. Coral Jaramillo; Figs. 4A, 6T, 10B, Garay castellano-m+ka) 10F–G, 12A, 13A–G, Á. del Campo; Figs. 1A, 3C, 6A–S, 6U, 11H, J. E. García Melo; Figs. 10D, 11K, 11P, 12C, N. Kotlinski; Figs. 8E, El Field Museum es una institución sin fines de lucro exenta de impuestos 9J–P, D. J. Lizcano; Figs. 7A–M, 7P–S, 7W–Y, G. Medina Rangel; federales bajo la sección 501(c)(3) del Código Fiscal Interno./Field Museum is a Figs. 9E, 9G, 9Z, A. Niño Reyes; Figs. 8G, 9A–B, 9Q–V, J. P. Parra non-profit organization exempt from federal income tax under section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code. Herrera; Figs. 8B, 8D, 8F, 8K, F. Peña Alzate; Figs. 5A, 5D, 5F, M. Ríos; Fig. 12B, C. Robledo Iriarte; Fig. 7Z, D. H. Ruiz Valderrama; ISBN NUMBER 978-0-9828419-8-3 Figs. 10A, 10E, 10H–J, 10H–L, 11B, 11D, 11F–G, 11J, 11L, 11N, © 2019 por el Field Museum. Todos los derechos reservados./ A. Salazar Molano; Figs. 7N, 7T–V, M. E. Thompson. Las siguientes © 2019 by Field Museum. All rights reserved. fotografías fueron tomadas en los resguardos indígenas Bajo Aguas Cualquiera de las opiniones expresadas en los informes de los Inventarios Negras (RIBAN) y Huitorá (RIH): 1A, 5A, 5D–F, 7B, 7T–V, 7Z, 8C–D, Rápidos son expresamente las de los autores y no reflejan necesariamente las del Field Museum./Any opinions expressed in the Rapid Inventories reports are those 9N, 9V, 10C, 10F, 10L, 11F, 11K, 11M, 11Q, RIBAN; 5K, 6L, 6U, of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of Field Museum. 7C, 7J, 7N, 7W, 9E–F, 9H, 9P, 9S–U, 9W–Y, 10B, 11G, 11J, RIH Esta publicación ha sido financiada en parte por el apoyo generoso de un donante anónimo, Bobolink Foundation, Hamill Family Foundation, Connie y Dennis Keller, Impreso sobre papel reciclado. Printed on recycled paper. Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation y el Field Museum./This publication has been funded in part by the generous support of an anonymous donor, Bobolink Foundation, Hamill Family Foundation, Connie and Dennis Keller, Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, and the Field Museum. HISTORIA DE OCUPACIÓN Y POBLAMIENTO DE fundamental para entender las dinámicas LA REGIÓN DEL BAJO CAGUÁN-CAQUETÁ socioeconómicas actuales del territorio llegó con el final del boom cauchero, el cual marcó el comienzo de Autora: Alejandra Salazar Molano la economía ganadera. La construcción de trochas para La historia de colonización y ocupación del paisaje transportar el caucho fue central en el proceso de Bajo Caguán-Caquetá (Fig. 24), es, al igual que sus ocupación y asentamiento en el piedemonte, dado que: pobladores, diversa y dinámica. Es una historia de i) permitió la conexión del Caquetá con el Huila y con el resistencia frente a la que colonos, campesinos e centro del país, y, en este sentido, se integró el departa- indígenas han demostrado ser flexibles y perseverantes. mento a las dinámicas económicas nacionales, y ii) las Antiguamente, esta zona fue territorio ancestral del pueblo trochas se constituyeron en las vías de acceso para la coreguaje —del río Caguán hacia el oeste— y del Caguán llegada de colonos a la región. Tras el decaimiento de la hacia el este, territorio carijona6, pueblo o segmento industria cauchera a comienzos del siglo XX, el Estado de pueblo que, según investigaciones de Amazon adjudicó baldíos a los caucheros y a quienes participaron Conservation Team-Colombia y Parques Nacionales en la construcción de los caminos. Estos baldíos se Naturales, actualmente está en situación de aislamiento convirtieron en fincas ganaderas, dinámica influenciada en el Parque Nacional Natural (PNN) Serranía de por los ganaderos huilenses. Chiribiquete. Hoy en día, el paisaje Bajo Caguán-Caquetá Para esa época, Colombia se regía por la es el hogar de colonos, campesinos e indígenas uitoto Constitución de 1886, en la cual se consideraba a la murui muina que han llegado durante el último siglo a población indígena como “salvajes que debían ser causa de diversas dinámicas históricas que nos civilizados”. En este contexto el Estado, inspirado en la proponemos contar en este capítulo. religión católica como “elemento esencial del orden social El boom cauchero a finales del siglo XIX en territorio de la Nación,”7 encomendó a las misiones religiosas fronterizo entre el Perú y Colombia tuvo al menos cuatro gobernar a los salvajes y promover la Civilización, consecuencias fundamentales para la configuración social entendida como la enseñanza de la moral cristiana y la de este paisaje. La primera fue la esclavitud y el genocidio occidentalización de su cultura.
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