Atlantic Seabirds 4(1)
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Wadden Sea Quality Status Report Geomorphology
Photo: Rijkswaterstaat, NL (https://beeldbank.rws.nl). Zuiderduin 2011. Wadden Sea Quality Status Report Geomorphology A. P. Oost, C. Winter, P. Vos, F. Bungenstock, R. Schrijvershof, B. Röbke, J. Bartholdy, J. Hofstede, A. Wurpts, A. Wehrmann This report downloaded: 2018-11-23. This report last updated: 2017-12-21. This report should be cited as: Oost A. P., Winter C., Vos P., Bungenstock F., Schrijvershof R., Röbke B., Bartholdy J., Hofstede J., Wurpts A. & Wehrmann A. (2017) Geomorphology. In: Wadden Sea Quality Status Report 2017. Eds.: Kloepper S. et al., Common Wadden Sea Secretariat, Wilhelmshaven, Germany. Last updated 21.12.2017. Downloaded DD.MM.YYYY. qsr.waddensea-worldheritage.org/reports/geomorphology 1. Introduction The hydro- and morphodynamic processes of the Wadden Sea form the foundation for the ecological, cultural and economic development of the area. Its extraordinary ecosystems, its physical and geographical values and being an outstanding example of representing major stages of the earth’s history are factors why the Wadden Sea received a World Heritage area qualification (UNESCO, 2016). During its existence, the Wadden Sea has been a dynamic tidal system in which the geomorphology of the landscape continuously changed. Driving factors of the morphological changes have been: Holocene sea-level rise, geometry of the Pleistocene surface, development of accommodation space for sedimentation, sediment transport mechanisms (tides and wind) and, the relatively recent, strong human interference in the landscape. In this report new insights into the morphology of the trilateral Wadden Sea gained since the Quality Status Report (QSR) in 2009 (Wiersma et al., 2009) are discussed. After a summary of the Holocene development (sub-section 2.1), the sand-sharing inlet system approach as a building block for understanding the morhodynamic functioning of the system with a special emphasis on the backbarrier (sub-section 2.2) is discussed, followed by other parts of the inlet-system. -
Habitat Regulations Assessment: Screening Report December 2016
Hornsea Project Three Offshore Wind Farm Habitat Regulations Assessment: Screening Report December 2016 2616306 Expert Working Habitat Regulations Assessment: Screening Report Hornsea Project Three Offshore Wind Farm Habitat Regulations Assessment Screening Report Prepared by: NIRAS Checked by: Allen Risby, Rachael Mills, Jennifer Brack, Julian Carolan, Mark Edwards and Mira Rosten Approved by: Stuart Livesey DONG Energy Power (UK) Ltd. 5 Howick Place, London, SW1P 1WG © DONG Energy Power (UK) Ltd, 2016. All rights reserved Page i of 225 Liability This report has been prepared by NIRAS Consulting Ltd with all reasonable skill, care and diligence within the terms of their contracts with DONG Energy Wind Power A/S. NIRAS Consulting Ltd has exercised due and customary care in compiling this report, but has not, save where specifically stated, independently verified third party information. No other warranty, express or implied, is made in relation to this report. This report may not be used or relied upon by any other party without the express written permission of DONG Energy Wind Power A/S. Any communication regarding the content of this report should be directed to DONG Energy Wind Power A/S. NIRAS Consulting Ltd assumes no liability for any loss or damage arising from reliance on or misuse of the contents of this document, or from misrepresentation made by others. Pictures: © DONG Energy Hornsea Project Three (UK) Ltd., 2016. Front cover picture: Kite surfer near one of DONG Energy's UK offshore wind farms © DONG Energy Hornsea Project Three (UK) Ltd., 2016. Page ii of 225 Table of Contents 1. Introduction.................................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Purpose of this report .............................................................................................................. -
Salt Marshes
8 Salt Marshes WADDEN SEA ECOSYSTEM No. 25 Quality Status Report 2009 Thematic Report No. 8 Salt Marshes P. Esselink J. Petersen S. Arens J.P. Bakker J. Bunje K.S. Dijkema N. Hecker U. Hellwig A.-V. Jensen, A.S. Kers P. Körber E.J. Lammerts M. Stock R.M. Veeneklaas M. Vreeken M. Wolters 2009 Common Wadden Sea Secretariat Trilateral Monitoring and Assessment Group Wadden Sea Ecosystem No. 25 2009 8 Salt Marshes 2 Colophon Publisher Common Wadden Sea Secretariat (CWSS), Wilhelmshaven, Germany; Trilateral Monitoring and Assessment Group (TMAG). Editors Harald Marencic, Common Wadden Sea Secretariat (CWSS) Virchowstr. 1, D 26382 Wilhelmshaven, Germany Jaap de Vlas, Rijkswaterstaat, Waterdienst NL Lelystad, The Netherlands Language support Seabury Salmon Layout and technical editing Common Wadden Sea Secretariat Graphic support Gerold Lüerßen Published 2009 ISSN 0946896X This publication should be cited as: Esselink, P., J. Petersen, S. Arens, J.P. Bakker, J. Bunje, K.S. Dijkema, N. Hecker, U. Hellwig, A.V. Jensen, AS. Kers, P. Körber, E.J. Lammerts, M. Stock, R.M. Veeneklaas, M. Vreeken & M. Wolters, 2009. Salt Marshes. Thematic Report No. 8. In: Marencic, H. & Vlas, J. de (Eds), 2009. Quality Status Report 2009. Wadden Sea Ecosystem No. 25. Common Wadden Sea Secretariat, Trilateral Monitoring and Assessment Group, Wilhelmshaven, Germany. Wadden Sea Ecosystem No. 25 2009 8 Salt Marshes . Introduction Salt marsh on the island of Juist (Photo: N. Hecker). Coastal salt marshes may broadly be defined as al. 2008). Additionally, salt marshes may be essen areas, vegetated by herbs, grasses or low shrubs, tial habitats to species that use the marshes only which are subject to periodic flooding (tidal or part of the time, such as coastal waders, which nontidal) as a result of fluctuations in the level feed on the intertidal mudflats, but use the salt of the adjacent salinewater bodies (Adam 1990), marshes as their roost during high tide (Meltofte et and where saline water is defined as not being al. -
How Movements Drive Population Development of Harbour Seals and Grey Seals in the North Sea
SEALS IN MOTION How movements drive population development of harbour seals and grey seals in the North Sea SOPHIE MARIE JACQUELINE MICHELLE BRASSEUR SEALS IN MOTION How movements drive population development THESIS COMMITTEE of harbour seals and grey seals in the North Sea PROMOTOR Prof. Dr. P.J.H. Reijnders, Professor of Ecology and Management of Marine Mammals, Wageningen University and Research. SOPHIE MARIE JACQUELINE MICHELLE BRASSEUR CO-PROMOTOR Dr. G.M. Aarts, Researcher Marine Ecology, Wageningen University & Research. Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of doctor OtHER MEMBERS at Wageningen University Prof. Dr. A. D. Rijnsdorp, Wageningen University & Research. by the authority of the Rector Magnificus, Prof. Dr. T. Härkönen, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden. Prof. Dr A.P.J. Mol, Dr. D. Thompson, University of St Andrews, Scotland. in the presence of the Prof.dr. P.J. Palsbøll, University of Groningen, the Netherlands. Thesis Committee appointed by the Academic Board to be defended in public This research was conducted under the auspices of the Netherlands Research on Wednesday 30 August 2017 School for the Socio-Economic and Natural Sciences of the Environment (SENSE). at 1:30 p.m. in the Aula. 2 3 hoofdstuk Sophie Marie Jacqueline Michelle Brasseur Seals in Motion - How movements drive population development of harbour seals and grey seals in the North Sea 176 pages. PhD thesis, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands (2017). With references, with summaries in English and Dutch. ISBN: 978-94-6343-612-0 DOI: https://doi.org/10.18174/418009 FREQUENTLY, GREY SEALS (FRONT) AND HARBOUR SEALS (BACK) SHARE THE SAME HAUL OUT 4 (PHOTO: HANS VERDAAT) 5 Seals in motion hoofdstuk ALL SEAL TRANSMITTERS WHERE DEPLOYED WITH THE HELP OF The “WADDEN UNIT” oF THE 6 MINISTRY OF ECONOMIC AFFAIRS (PHOTO: J. -
On the Beach Nature Explained
BOOK REVIEWS land disappeared under water, including viewing it as an indifferently designed work On the beach the legendary Rungholt, east of the of other purpose. The author's skills lie in present island of Pellworm. A second Donald J.P. Swift the collecting and ordering of information. Mandrdnke occurred on 11 October, Chapters that attempt to take an overview, 1694. But the main and partially enduring such as those on natural preconditions and The Morphodynamlcs of the Wadden land losses, resulting in the formation of barrier-island development, are not Sea. By Jurgen Ehlers. A.A. Balkema: Jade Bay, the Dollart and the Zuider Zee, altogether successful, although they are 1988. Pp.397. DM 185, £52. 75. did not occur as the result of single events, always interesting. On the other hand, the but gradually, through many smaller relentless procession of maps, aerial THE Wadden Sea is the intertidal zone of stages. These land losses were due to a photographs and, above all, photograph the German Bight of the North Sea. lack of technical infrastructure capable of after photograph at ground level, has a Varying in width from 10 to 50 km, it is an protecting the vast forelands from the hypnotic effect. Somewhere through the expanse of tidal channels, flats, inlets, destructive effects of later surges in later 393 figures, these vistas of misty dunes, flood and ebb deltas, barrier islands and decades. Land reclamation occurred, but beaches and marshes, and of tidal flats estuaries that extends from Den Helder only through projects that lasted for extending to the horizon, seep into the in the Netherlands to Blavandshuk in centuries. -
The Cultural Heritage of the Wadden Sea
The Cultural Heritage of the Wadden Sea 1. Overview Name: Wadden Sea Delimitation: Between the Zeegat van Texel (i.e. Marsdiep, 52° 59´N, 4° 44´E) in the west, and Blåvands Huk in the north-east. On its seaward side it is bordered by the West, East and North Frisian Islands, the Danish Islands of Fanø, Rømø and Mandø and the North Sea. Its landward border is formed by embankments along the Dutch provinces of North- Holland, Friesland and Groningen, the German state of Lower Saxony and southern Denmark and Schleswig-Holstein. Size: Approx. 12,500 square km. Location-map: Borders from west to east the southern mainland-shore of the North Sea in Western Europe. Origin of name: ‘Wad’, ‘watt’ or ‘vad’ meaning a ford or shallow place. This is presumably derives from the fact that it is possible to cross by foot large areas of this sea during the ebb-tides (comparable to Latin vadum, vado, a fordable sea or lake). Relationship/similarities with other cultural entities: Has a direct relationship with the Frisian Islands and the western Danish islands and the coast of the Netherlands, Lower Saxony, Schleswig-Holstein and south Denmark. Characteristic elements and ensembles: The Wadden Sea is a tidal-flat area and as such the largest of its kind in Europe. A tidal-flat area is a relatively wide area (for the most part separated from the open sea – North Sea ̶ by a chain of barrier- islands, the Frisian Islands) which is for the greater part covered by seawater at high tides but uncovered at low tides. -
WADDEN SEA ECOSYSTEM No. 35 - 2015 Progress Report 2015
1 Trends of Breeding Birds in the Wadden Sea 1991-2013 WADDEN SEA ECOSYSTEM No. 35 - 2015 Progress Report 2015 Breeding Bird Trends 1991 - 2013 2 Publishers Common Wadden Sea Secretariat (CWSS), Wilhelmshaven, Germany; Joint Monitoring Group of Breeding Birds in the Wadden Sea (JMBB). Authors Kees Koffijberg, SOVON Vogelonderzoek Nederland, Toernooiveld 1, NL-6503 GA Nijmegen; Karsten Laursen, Aarhus University, Grenåvej 12, DK 8410 Rønde; Bernd Hälterlein, Nationalparkverwaltung Schleswig-Holsteinisches Wattenmeer, Schloßgarten 1, D - 25832 Tönning; Gundolf Reichert, Nationalparkverwaltung Niedersächsisches Wattenmeer, Virchowstr. 1 D - 26382 Wilhelmshaven; John Frikke, Nationalpark Vadehavet, Havnebyvej 30, DK - 6792 Rømø Leo Soldaat, CBS Statistics Netherlands, Postbus 24500, NL - 2490 HA Den Haag. Title photo Gundolf Reichert Drawings Niels Knudsen Lay-out Gerold Lüerßen The publication should be cited as: K. Koffijberg, K. Laursen, B. Hälterlein, G. Reichert, J. Frikke & L. Soldaat 2015. Trends of Breeding Birds in the Wadden Sea 1991 - 2013. Wadden Sea Ecosystem No. 35. Common Wadden Sea Secretariat, Joint Monitoring Group of Breeding Birds in the Wadden Sea, Wilhelmshaven, Germany. Breeding Bird Trends 1991 - 2013 3 Progress Report Trends of Breeding Birds in the Wadden Sea 1991 - 2013 Kees Koffijberg Karsten Laursen Bernd Hälterlein Gundolf Reichert John Frikke Leo Soldaat 2015 Common Wadden Sea Secretariat Joint Monitoring Group of Breeding Birds in the Wadden Sea Breeding Bird Trends 1991 - 2013 4 Content 1 Introduction 5 2 -
Laat Griend Weer Wandelen Zor6 Een Studie Naar De Broedecologie
Kader r. Grote stern en drieteenstrandloper (p. r 86+1 87) Twee vogelsoorten krijgen binnen de monitoring rond Griend extra aandacht: de grote sLern (Thalasseus sandvicensis; foto 7) en de drieteenstrandloper Laura Govers Foto r. Luchtfoto van Criend uit (Calìdris alba; foto 8). De kolonie grote oktober zot6, na de ingrepen sterns, eens het vlaggenschip van het Tjisse van der Heide (foto: Natuurmonumenten/ eiland, daalde van meer dan rr.ooo Han Olff Jasper Doest). broedpaar in zoo4 naar het dieptepunt Smeele van 6oo paar in zot6 (fìg. 5; p.r86). Quirin De sterns broeden nu elders, in de !lad- & Addo van der Eijk denzee vooral in Utopia op Texel en de Feugelpôlle op Ameland. Om de oorzaak van de afname te achterhalen startte ¡n Laat Griend weer wandelen zor6 een studie naar de broedecologie. Mogelijk pakt de 'samenwerking' met Het eiland Griend, halverwege broedende kokmeeuwen (Chroicocepha- Harlingen en Terschelling in de lus ridibundus) nadelig uit. Kokmeeuwen Belang van Griend beschermen sterns tegen onder meer Waddenzee, kromp tot voor kort in Griend kalft al vele decennia aan de west- agressieve zilvermeeuwen (Larus argen- omvang. ln deze bijdrage wordt kant af. Tonder ingrijpen dreigt het eiland tatus), maar stelen wel vis van de sterns. binnen 25 tot 50 jaar van de kaart te ver- beredeneerd hoe Griend 'zich De verhouding tussen kokmeeuwen en dwijnen. Natuurmonumenten, beheerder grote sterns zou uit evenwicht kunnen gedraagt'en waarom in zo16 van Griend, wil dat vanwege de hoge ziin. 2oo.ooo kuub zand is opgeworpen natuurwaarden voorkomen. Het natuur- Het aantal drieteenstrandlopers van de belang van Criend is onweerlegbaar. -
Nieuwsbrief Zeegras Mei 2017
Nieuwsbrief Zeegras mei 2017 Nieuwe zeegrasvelden: met vallen en opstaan Project Zeegrasherstel Zeegrasvelden zijn een onmisbaar onderdeel van een rijke Waddenzee. In deze nieuwsbrief: Met dit project willen we het herstel • Onderzoekers komen stap voor stap dichterbij het doel. van groot zeegras dichterbij brengen. Dat doen we door uitzaai-experimenten • Twee belangrijke struikelblokken zijn overwonnen: besmetting te koppelen aan onderzoek. Het door waterschimmels (Phytophthora) en uitval tijdens de overwintering. onderzoeksproject is een samenwerking • Zeven redenen om nieuwe zeegrasvelden te realiseren. tussen Natuurmonumenten, Radboud Universiteit, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen • Vrijwilligers blijven onmisbaar. Twee enthousiastelingen vertellen en the Fieldwork Company. Het project over hun drijfveren. is fi nancieel mogelijk gemaakt door het Waddenfonds en de provincies Fryslân en Noord-Holland. Rijkswaterstaat leverde een bijdrage aan het Phytophthora-onderzoek. Voor meer informatie over het project: www.zeegrasherstel.nl en bij projectleider Quirin Smeele van Natuurmonumenten, e-mail: [email protected]. nieuwsbrief zeegras 1 ‘Stap voor stap dichterbij het doel’ Nieuwe zeegrasvelden een duw in de goede richting geven. Dat is wat het project Zeegrasherstel Natuurlijke populaties proefondervindelijk wil uittesten. Eenvoudig blijkt de Het Duitse wad laat zien dat het doel haalbaar is. Het opgave niet. Met vallen en opstaan komen we stap zeegrasveld bij het Duitse Sylt kent een dichtheid van soms meer dan 40 planten per vierkante meter. Bovendien groeit daar voor stap dichterbij het ultieme doel: minimaal 25 ook veel klein zeegras. In Nederland zijn dergelijke dichtheden zeegrasplanten per vierkante meter. ‘Pas dan kan je van onvindbaar, ook niet bij het zeegras dat spontaan de kop een écht zeegrasveld spreken’, zegt Tjisse van der Heide, opsteekt. -
Migratory Waterbirds in the Wadden Sea 1980 – 2000
Numbers and Trends 1 Migratory Waterbirds in the Wadden Sea 1980 – 2000 Overview of Numbers and Trends of Migratory Waterbirds in the Wadden Sea 1980-2000 Recent Population Dynamics and Habitat Use of Barnacle Geese and Dark-Bellied Brent Geese in the Wadden Sea Curlews in the Wadden Sea - Effects of Shooting Protection in Denmark Shellfi sh-Eating Birds in the Wadden Sea - What can We Learn from Current Monitoring Programs? Wadden Sea Ecosystem No. 20 - 2005 2 Numbers and Trends Colophon Publisher Common Wadden Sea Secretariat (CWSS), Wilhelmshaven, Germany; Trilateral Monitoring and Assessment Group (TMAG); Joint Monitoring Group of Migratory Birds in the Wadden Sea (JMMB). Editors Jan Blew, Theenrade 2, D - 24326 Dersau; Peter Südbeck, Niedersächsischer Landesbetrieb für Wasserwirtschaft, Küsten- und Naturschutz (NLWKN), Direktion Naturschutz, Göttingerstr. 76, D - 30453 Hannover Language Support Ivan Hill Cover photos Martin Stock, Lieuwe Dijksen Drawings Niels Knudsen Lay-out Common Wadden Sea Secreatariat Print Druckerei Plakativ, Kirchhatten, +49(0)4482-97440 Paper Cyclus – 100% Recycling Paper Number of copies 1800 Published 2005 ISSN 0946-896X This publication should be cited as: Blew, J. and Südbeck, P. (Eds.) 2005. Migratory Waterbirds in the Wadden Sea 1980 – 2000. Wadden Sea Ecosystem No. 20. Common Wadden Sea Secretariat, Trilateral Monitoring and Assessment Group, Joint Monitoring Group of Migratory Birds in the Wadden Sea, Wilhelmshaven, Germany. Wadden Sea Ecosystem No. 20 - 2005 Numbers and Trends 3 Editorial Foreword We are very pleased to present the results of The present report entails four contributions. the twenty-year period 1980 - 2000 of the Joint In the fi rst and main one, the JMMB gives an Monitoring on Migratory Birds in the Wadden Sea overview of numbers and trends 1980 - 2000 for (JMMB), which is carried out in the framework of all 34 species of the JMMB-program. -
Ecology of Salt Marshes 40 Years of Research in the Wadden Sea
Ecology of salt marshes 40 years of research in the Wadden Sea Jan P. Bakker Locations Ecology of salt marshes 40 years of research in the Wadden Sea Texel Leybucht Griend Spiekeroog Terschelling Friedrichskoog Ameland Süderhafen, Nordstrand Schiermonnikoog Hamburger Hallig Rottumerplaat Sönke-Nissen-Koog Noord-Friesland Buitendijks Langli Jan P. Bakker Friesland Skallingen Groningen Tollesbury Dollard Freiston Contents Preface Chapter 7 04 59 Impact of grazing at different stocking densities Introduction Chapter 8 06 Ecology of salt marshes 67 Integration of impact 40 years of research in of grazing on plants, birds the Wadden Sea and invertebrates Chapter 1 Chapter 9 09 History of the area 75 De-embankment: and exploitation of enlargement of salt marshes salt-marsh area Chapter 2 Chapter 10 17 Geomorphology of 81 Concluding remarks natural and man-made salt marshes Chapter 3 Bibliography 25 Plants on salt marshes 88 Chapter 4 Species list 33 Vertebrate herbivores 96 with scientific names on salt marshes and English names Chapter 5 Colofon 43 Invertebrates 98 on salt marshes Chapter 6 49 Changing land use on salt marshes 2 Contents 3 Studies of the ecology of the Wadden Furthermore, the intense long-term Sea unavoidably touch upon the part field observations and experiments by Preface salt marshes play in this dynamic Jan Bakker and his colleagues provide coastal system. Considering the role a wealth of information on other of salt marshes inevitably leads to the structuring factors of salt-marsh eco- longstanding ecological research by systems. The interactions between Jan Bakker, now honorary professor vegetation characteristics and sedi- of Coastal Conservation Ecology at mentation rates, the impacts of atmos- the University of Groningen in the pheric deposition on vegetation Netherlands. -
Geology of the Dutch Coast
Geology of the Dutch coast The effect of lithological variation on coastal morphodynamics Deltores Title Geology of the Dutch coast Client Project Reference Pages Rijkswaterstaat Water, 1220040-007 1220040-007-ZKS-0003 43 Verkeer en Leefomgeving Keywords Geology, erodibility, long-term evolution, coastal zone Abstract This report provides an overview of the build-up of the subsurface along the Dutch shorelines. The overview can be used to identify areas where the morphological evolution is partly controlled by the presence of erosion-resistant deposits. The report shows that the build-up is heterogeneous and contains several erosion-resistant deposits that could influence both the short- and long-term evolution of these coastal zones and especially tidal channels. The nature of these resistant deposits is very variable, reflecting the diverse geological development of The Netherlands over the last 65 million years. In the southwestern part of The Netherlands they are mostly Tertiary deposits and Holocene peat-clay sequences that are relatively resistant to erosion. Also in South- and North-Holland Holocene peat-clay sequences have been preserved, but in the Rhine-Meuse river-mouth area Late Pleistocene• early Holocene floodplain deposits form additional resistant layers. In northern North-Holland shallow occurrences of clayey Eemian-Weichselian deposits influence coastal evolution. In the northern part of The Netherlands it are mostly Holocene peat-clay sequences, glacial till and over consolidated sand and clay layers that form the resistant deposits. The areas with resistant deposits at relevant depths and position have been outlined in a map. The report also zooms in on a few tidal inlets to quick scan the potential role of the subsurface in their evolution.