A Zsidó Identitástudat Ábrázolásának Kultúraszociológiai Olvasata Az Amerikai Játékfilmekben –

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

A Zsidó Identitástudat Ábrázolásának Kultúraszociológiai Olvasata Az Amerikai Játékfilmekben – Kárpáti Ildikó „Ilyenek voltunk” – A zsidó identitástudat ábrázolásának kultúraszociológiai olvasata az amerikai játékfilmekben – אהיה אשר אהיה (יד.ג שמות) Lektorálta: Kiss Endre Uhrman Iván Országos Rabbiképző – Zsidó Egyetem Budapest 2014 Tartalomjegyzék Előszó .................................................................................................................................. 4 Bevezetés ............................................................................................................................ 7 I. „Hollywood’s Jewish Question” ............................................................................... 9 1. Az amerikai filmipar zsidóságának kérdése ....................................................... 11 2. Filmipar és társadalom: a film kultúraszociológiája ........................................... 23 3. Filmes ábrázolás és sztereotípia ......................................................................... 29 4. Filmes ábrázolás és zsidó identitás ..................................................................... 34 5. „Amerikai zsidó film” ........................................................................................ 40 6. Filmes ábrázolás és zsidó vallástudomány ......................................................... 45 II. Bevándorlók és „kiváltságosok” – A zsidó identitás ábrázolása a kezdetektől a II. világháború kitöréséig ............................................................................................. 51 1. A zsidó mint bevándorló ..................................................................................... 52 1.1 The Jazz Singer ................................................................................................... 63 2. A zsidó mint „kiváltságos” ................................................................................. 69 3. Összegzés: A „bevándorló álma” ..................................................................... 79 III. Áldozatok és hősök – A zsidó identitás ábrázolása 1940-től 1960-ig .................. 82 1. A zsidó mint áldozat ........................................................................................... 84 1.1 Gentleman’s Agreement ................................................................................... 101 2. A zsidó mint átlagember ................................................................................... 107 3. A zsidó mint hős ............................................................................................... 112 4. Összegzés: Az „áldozat hőse” ......................................................................... 120 IV. Zsidók – A zsidó identitás ábrázolása 1960-tól 1980-ig – .................................. 122 1. A zsidó mint áldozat ......................................................................................... 123 2. A zsidó mint zsidó ............................................................................................ 131 2.1 Zsidó nők ............................................................................................................ 135 2.2 Zsidó férfiak ....................................................................................................... 143 2.3 Annie Hall ........................................................................................................... 149 3. A zsidó mint „egzotikum” ................................................................................ 153 4. Összegzés: A „különleges zsidó” ..................................................................... 158 V. Amerikai zsidók – A zsidó identitás ábrázolása 1980-tól 2010-ig – .................. 160 1. A múltban keresett identitás ............................................................................. 162 1.1 Az áldozatként is hős zsidó ................................................................................ 163 1.2 Az egzotikus zsidó .............................................................................................. 175 1.3 The Believer ........................................................................................................ 181 2. A megtalált identitás ......................................................................................... 186 2.1 A hétköznapi zsidó ............................................................................................. 187 2.2 A zsidó zsidó ...................................................................................................... 197 2.3 Az amerikai zsidó ............................................................................................... 204 3. Összegzés: Az „amerikai zsidó” ..................................................................... 214 3 Konklúzió ....................................................................................................................... 217 Utószó ............................................................................................................................. 220 Filmjegyzék .................................................................................................................... 221 Irodalomjegyzék ............................................................................................................ 226 Filmcímmutató .............................................................................................................. 233 Abstract ............................................................................ Hiba! A könyvjelző nem létezik. Előszó “- For you. - I can’t. - He says he cannot. - But he must… he is a collector. - She says you must take it, you’re the collector. - I didn’t understand why my sister hid her wedding ring in a jar, and why she said to me, ‘In case.’ In case what? - In case she was killed. - Yes, and then what? Why did she bury it? - I don’t know. - Ask him. - She wants to know why Augustine buried her wedding ring, when she thought, she would be killed. - Serve to prove she existed. - To remember her. - No. I don’t think so. In case… In case someone should come searching one day. - So they would have something to find. - No, it does not exists for you. You exist for this. You have come because it exists. - She says the ring it not here because of us, we are here because of the ring.”1 /Everything is Illuminated, 2005/ 1 [„- Ez az öné. - Nem lehet. - Nem fogadhatja el. - De muszáj. Mert ő is gyűjtő. - El kell fogadnod, mert gyűjtő vagy. - Nem értettem, miért rejtette el a húgom a gyűrűjét a köcsögbe. És mért mondta nekem: ’Minden eshetőségre…’ Milyenre? - Ha megölnék. - Igen, és aztán? Miért ásta el? - Nem tudom. - Kérdezze meg őt. - Azt kérdi, miért ásta el a gyűrűjét Augustine, amikor gondolhatta, hogy megölik. - Hogy bizonyítsa valami, hogy élt? - Hogy emlékezzenek rá? - Nem. Én nem hinném. Arra az eshetőségre, ha valaki egy nap idejönne megkeresni. - Hogy legyen, amit megtaláljunk. - Nem, a gyűrű nem magáért van. Maga van a gyűrűért. Azért jöttek ide, mert ez létezik. - Azt mondja, a gyűrű nem miattunk van itt. Mi vagyunk itt a gyűrű miatt.”] 5 A fentebb egy amerikai, nagyjából huszonéves zsidó fiú, a tolmácsa és kísérője, egy korabeli ukrán fiú és egy hajdan volt, Trachimbrod nevű zsidó település egyetlen mai lakosa, egy idős uk- rán asszony közötti társalgást idéztem, Liev Schreiber Everything is Illuminated (Minden vilángol, 2005) című filmjéből. Akárhányszor látom ezt a filmet – és így voltak ezzel azok is, akiknek különféle filmklub jellegű vetítéseken megmutattam – mindig nagy hatással van rám. A „mágikus realizmus” stílusában készült film látványvilágában, történetében, zenéjében egyaránt hatásos, talán egy kicsit giccses is, de vitathatatlan érzelmi hatással van a nézőre. A Minden vilángol a keresésről szól, bizonyára egyetemes érvényűen, hiszen különben nem lenne mindenkire ugyanolyan hatással, az én jelen szempontomból viszont csak az identitás kere- séséről, azon belül is a zsidó identitás megtalálásáról. A film főszereplője azért megy az USA-ból Ukrajnába, hogy felderítse családja múltját, mert ő kutató, gyűjtő, és mert csak a múlt fényében világosodik meg a jelen.2 Amikor először feltűnt nekem, hogy a 2000-es évek amerikai játékfilmjeiben a zsidó karakterek ábrázolása mintha bizonyos érdekes sajátosságok mentén jönne létre, és elhatároztam e jelenség mibenlétének vizsgálatát, természetesen azonnal azzal a problémával szembesültem, amellyel a Minden vilángol főhőse: a jelen nem érthető meg a múlt ismerete nélkül. Bár nem feltétlenül szerettem volna a 2000-es évek filmjeiben látható ábrázolások feldolgozásá- nak érdekében a teljes amerikai filmtörténetet tárgyalni, hamar kiderült, ez elkerülhetetlen. Min- den egyes játékfilmen látható zsidó karakternek megvan a maga előzménye magában a filmtörté- netben is, de megvan a maga milyenségének kultúraszociológiai oka is. Így elég hamar megvilá- gosodott, hogy nem csupán a filmtörténet elejéig szükséges visszamenni, de ezzel párhuzamosan látni kell mindazoknak a társadalmi, kulturális, olykor politikai vagy gazdasági körülményeknek a változását is, amelyek nagyban hozzájárulnak egy-egy adott film által közvetített látásmód lét- rejöttéhez. Sem a filmalkotók, sem természetesen jelen sorok írója nem tudja magát függetleníteni mind- ezen befolyásoló hatásoktól, de szerencsére az olvasó sem. Mint ahogy azt is végig szem előtt kell tartanunk, hogy minden filmes ábrázolásban nem csupán az alkotó és az alkotás idejének meghatározó szemléletmódja, hanem a befogadó személyének és a befogadás idejének meghatá- rozó szemléletmódja is tükröződik, aminek következtében
Recommended publications
  • Mahira Khan, Pakistani Actress, Talks What She Dreams About Now That She's Hit the Pinnacle of Stardom, Her Upcoming Film
    Community Community Richard US-based Russo’s Pakistani P7new novel P16 tech expert Chances Are... lays stress on need is a beguiling for mentoring young reunion of entrepreneurs and college friends. building startups. Thursday, August 8, 2019 Dhul-Hijja 7, 1440 AH Doha today: 350 - 450 COVER STORY Mahira Khan, Pakistani actress, talks what she dreams about now that she’s hit the pinnacle of stardom, her upcoming film and more. PP4-64-6 2 GULF TIMES Thursday, August 8, 2019 COMMUNITY ROUND & ABOUT PRAYER TIME Fajr 3.40am Shorooq (sunrise) 5.05am Zuhr (noon) 11.41am Asr (afternoon) 3.09pm Maghreb (sunset) 6.16pm Isha (night) 7.46pm Parey Hut Love of commitments when it comes to relationships. His life takes USEFUL NUMBERS DIRECTION: Asim Raza a twist when he meets a strong-willed, gorgeous girl and falls CAST: Sheheryar Munawar Siddiqui, Maya Ali, Zara Noor in love with her. Abbas, Faheem Azam, Ahmed Ali Butt SYNOPSIS: The story of a guy who is carefree and afraid THEATRES: The Mall, Landmark, Royal Plaza Emergency 999 Worldwide Emergency Number 112 Kahramaa – Electricity and Water 991 Local Directory 180 International Calls Enquires 150 Hamad International Airport 40106666 Labor Department 44508111, 44406537 Mowasalat Taxi 44588888 Qatar Airways 44496000 Hamad Medical Corporation 44392222, 44393333 Qatar General Electricity and Water Corporation 44845555, 44845464 Primary Health Care Corporation 44593333 44593363 Qatar Assistive Technology Centre 44594050 Qatar News Agency 44450205 44450333 Q-Post – General Postal Corporation 44464444
    [Show full text]
  • Sneedp2010.Pdf
    Redemption’s Sweet Song A Screenplay By Petronella Sneed Petronella Sneed 12477 Saint Andrews Drive # D Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73120 [email protected] 405-409-3734 Table of Contents Acknowledgments i Redemption Sweet Song, A Screenplay 1 The Beginning and Background for Redemption’s Sweet Song 90 African Americans & Christianity 93 Comedy’s History in Black Communities 98 Synopsis 102 Literary Influences 103 Revisions 104 Audience 106 Conclusion 107 Works Cited 109 LOVE MADE THIS POSSIBLE! Special thanks to the two most important men in my life, Joshua Owen Sneed, a little boy that believes I am the greatest person in the world and Hillard G. Berry, the man that taught me that all it takes is a little love to make it through the toughest battles. I cannot send out my thanks without mentioning the professors who made a profound impact on my graduate school career, especially James Dolph, M.F.A, Dr. Deborah Israel, Dr. Matt Hollrah and Dr. Amy Carrell. I would be remiss if I didn’t pay homage to those professors from Adams State College who encouraged me to pursue a Masters in English. Thank you to Dr. David MacWilliams, Dr. John Taylor, and Dr. Carol Guerrero-Murphy. Ultimately, I cannot forget the trio that encouraged me when no one else did...God, my mother, Ruth Ann Sneed, and my grandmother, Petronella Ruby Sneed. OPENING CREDITS ROLL Instrumental version of Oh Happy Day plays in the background. A leggy blond dressed in a tank and sweat pants, strolls to a front door. On the other side of the door, a bi-racial man stands with roses in hand, a gold band gleaming in the sunlight.
    [Show full text]
  • Using Film and Critical Pedagogy in the Standards-Based Classroom
    AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF John D. Divelbiss for the degree of Master of Arts in English presented on April 28, 2014. Title: Re-Viewing the Canon: Using Film and Critical Pedagogy in the Standards-based Classroom Abstract approved: __________________________________________________________________ Jon R. Lewis This thesis analyzes the efficacy of emancipatory (critical) pedagogical practices in an educational climate of standards-based reform. Using two films noir of the blacklist era—Body and Soul and Crossfire—as the core texts of a unit in a secondary school curriculum, I argue that an emphasis on student agency and a de-centering of curriculum and instruction is not only compatible with national reforms like the Common Core State Standards but is essential for English/language arts classrooms in the 21st century. In addition to a scholarly review of critical pedagogy and media literacy, and close readings of the two films themselves, this thesis also ends with an informal case study in which both films-as-texts were taught to 9th grade students. By combining theory and practice, I was able to model the praxis at the heart of critical pedagogy, what Paulo Freire calls in Pedagogy of the Oppressed, “reflection and action upon the world in order to transform it.” The films of the blacklist match current national mandates for relevant texts, for media and visual literacy, and for authentic and emancipatory pedagogy. Narrowing down even further on two highly-regarded films released in 1947, the same year the blacklist was initiated, allows for an analysis of the artistic and aesthetic complexities of the texts as well as the high-stakes terms of the political engagements of the blacklist.
    [Show full text]
  • AINGTHIRTY-FIVETHIRTY -FIVE CENTS Ri-Mol Cclaa+Bm the BUSINESSWE Puf, ;Sa;,; Ualty RADIO I£ V £074 9,Sa1c1i?H Ay.Ia;.G a I:1-7A0-20(1
    SEPTEMBER 5, 1960 BROA.Vá;AINGTHIRTY-FIVETHIRTY -FIVE CENTS ri-mol cclaa+Bm THE BUSINESSWE puF, ;sa;,; ualTy RADIO i£ V £074 9,sa1c1I?H aY.ia;.g A I:1-7A0-20(1 Looking far ahead: tv network program plans for fall of '61 Page 27 The Saudek formula: blending of culture & entertainment Page 54 Tv's healthy condition: how revenues & profits kept climbing Page 60 The 86th Congress: a do- something session for broadcasters Page 76 BORED.. with your Advertising Results? with 35.7% of the Audience in GREATER PORTLAND-ORTLAND More 1/4 hour firsts than DYNAMIC all other RADIO IN Ki1N.portland Portland Stations DYNAMIC AVERYKNODlI combined! MARKETS ROIL' Omaha 290 out of 300 - AVERY- KNODIL April, 1960, PULSE ' Cs - Denver `JUNE-JULY, 1960, HOOPER ADAM YOUNG oi the 5tár stations DON W. BURDEN - President For arailabilities, coil Bob 316,000 wafls network Ferguson, VP and Gen. Mgr., colo, or Needham Smith, Sates Manager, al CEdar 2-7777. National Rep., George P. WHEELING 7, WEST VIRGINIA Hollingbery Company rnt tht's reL..:6 importance! All day - Every day YOU'VE GOT HER EARS through "Balanced Programming "! WCBM Radio is the housewives' favorite listening habit in Baltimore. With WCBM's "Balanced Program- ming" they enjoy good music... comedy and drama... keep current with world events...learn what's new and where to buy it! The ratings prove our point... you reach adult buyers-all day, every day - on -. WCBM in Baltimore! A CBS RADIO AFFILIATE 10,000 Watts on 680 KC Baltimore 13, Maryland PETERS, GRIFFIN, WOODWARD, inc., Exclusive National Representatives Reach MORE with Channel FOUR KRLD -TV covers 58 Texas and Oklahoma counties with a spending potential of $4.8 billion and $3.6 billion in retail sales.' Channel 4 places your message in more TV Homes in the vast Dallas -Ft.
    [Show full text]
  • Ibtihaj Muhammad's
    Featuring 484 Industry-First Reviews of Fiction, Nonfiction, Children'sand YA Books KIRKUSVOL. LXXXVI, NO. 15 | 1 AUGUST 2018 REVIEWS U.S. Olympic medalist Ibtihaj Muhammad’s memoir, Proud, released simultaneously in two versions—one for young readers, another for adults—is thoughtful and candid. It’s also a refreshingly diverse Cinderella story at a time when anti-black and anti-Muslim sentiments are high. p. 102 from the editor’s desk: Chairman Excellent August Books HERBERT SIMON President & Publisher BY CLAIBORNE SMITH MARC WINKELMAN # Chief Executive Officer MEG LABORDE KUEHN [email protected] Photo courtesy Michael Thad Carter courtesy Photo Editor-in-Chief Winners Take All: The Elite Charade of Changing the World by Anana CLAIBORNE SMITH Giridharadas (Aug. 28): “Give a hungry man a fish, and you get to pat [email protected] Vice President of Marketing yourself on the back—and take a tax deduction. It’s a matter of some SARAH KALINA [email protected] irony, John Steinbeck once observed of the robber barons of the Gilded Managing/Nonfiction Editor ERIC LIEBETRAU Age, that they spent the first two-thirds of their lives looting the public [email protected] Fiction Editor only to spend the last third giving the money away. Now, writes politi- LAURIE MUCHNICK cal analyst and journalist Giridharadas, the global financial elite has [email protected] Children’s Editor reinterpreted Andrew Carnegie’s view that it’s good for society for VICKY SMITH [email protected] capitalists to give something back to a new formula: It’s good for busi- Young Adult Editor Claiborne Smith LAURA SIMEON ness to do so when the time is right, but not otherwise….A provocative [email protected] Staff Writer critique of the kind of modern, feel-good giving that addresses symptoms and not causes.” MEGAN LABRISE [email protected] Sweet Little Lies by Caz Frear (Aug.
    [Show full text]
  • Sonia Delaunay's Yellow Nude, 1908
    © COPYRIGHT by Laura Ryan 2019 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED SUBVERTING ORIENTALISM AND PRIMITIVISM? SONIA DELAUNAY'S YELLOW NUDE, 1908 BY Laura Ryan ABSTRACT In this thesis, I demonstrate that Yellow Nude includes a number of pointed references to historic stereotypes and contemporaneous tropes that embroil the artist’s identity in the primitivist ideologies she apparently appropriates. I first identify the background design within the painting as that of a turn of the century ikat textile, with Central Asian, Jewish, and Russian production histories that mimic the biographic transnationality of Delaunay herself. Delaunay therefore invites viewers to conflate the figure in the painting with the woman who made it, capitalizing on the perceived “exoticism” of her “primitive” cultural upbringing. From this perspective, the featured figure’s mask-like face, disjunctive body, and gender ambiguity further implicate, interrogate, and perhaps undermine international fascination with the “primitive.” I argue that in Yellow Nude Sonia Delaunay both recreated the popular type of the exotic foreign woman and subtly undercut the ideologies behind the genre through specific references likely legible to those who shared her background. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................................... ii LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS ......................................................................................................... iv INTRODUCTION: THE VANGUARD NUDE,
    [Show full text]
  • GCM2017 Catalogo+Calendario V6
    ASSOCIAZIONE CULTURALE Kinemathek, Berlin); Anke Mebold (Deutsches “LE GIORNATE DEL CINEMA MUTO” Filminstitut – DIF); Andreas Thein (Filmmuseum Düsseldorf); Stefan Drößler (Filmmuseum Soci fondatori München); Oliver Hanley (Filmuniversität Paolo Cherchi Usai, Lorenzo Codelli, Babelsberg Konrad Wolf); Anke Wilkening Piero Colussi, Andrea Crozzoli, Luciano De (Friedrich-Wilhelm-Murnau-Stiftung); Anna Giusti, Livio Jacob, Carlo Montanaro, Mario Leippe, Reiner Ziegler (Landesfilmsammlung Quargnolo†, Piera Patat, Davide Turconi† Baden-Württemberg). Presidente Giappone: Masaki Daibo, Yoshiro Irie, Akira Livio Jacob Tochigi (National Film Center, Tokyo); Alexander Direttore emerito Jacoby, Johan Nordström David Robinson Italia: Luigi Calabrese (Associazione La Bottega Direttore delle Idee, Taranto); Carmen Accaputo Jay Weissberg (Cineteca di Bologna); Luisa Comencini, Roberto Della Torre, Matteo Pavesi, Marcello Seregni (Fondazione Cineteca Italiana, Milano); Laura Ringraziamo sentitamente per aver collaborato Argento, Daniela Currò, Franca Farina, Felice al programma: Laudadio, Irela Núñez Del Pozo, Maria Assunta Argentina: Fernando Citara (Archivo General de la Pimpinelli (Fondazione CSC - Cineteca Nazionale, Nación, Buenos Aires). Roma); Maria Ida Biggi, Marianna Zannoni (Fondazione Giorgio Cini, Venezia); Immagine Australia: Sally Jackson, Meg Labrum, Gayle Lake, Ritrovata, Bologna; Stella Dagna, Claudia Gianetto Caitlyn Leon (National Film and Sound Archive, (Museo Nazionale del Cinema, Torino); Luca Canberra). Mazzei (Università di Roma
    [Show full text]
  • The Many Faces of Daniel Defoe's Robinson Crusoe: Examining the Crusoe Myth in Film and on Television
    THE MANY FACES OF DANIEL DEFOE'S ROBINSON CRUSOE: EXAMINING THE CRUSOE MYTH IN FILM AND ON TELEVISION A Dissertation presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School at the University of Missouri-Columbia In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy by SOPHIA NIKOLEISHVILI Dr. Haskell Hinnant, Dissertation Supervisor DECEMBER 2007 The undersigned, appointed by the dean of the Graduate School, have examined the dissertation entitled THE MANY FACES OF DANIEL DEFOE’S ROBINSON CRUSOE: EXAMINING THE CRUSOE MYTH IN FILM AND ON TELEVISION presented by Sophia Nikoleishvili, a candidate for the degree of doctor of philosophy, and hereby certify that, in their opinion, it is worthy of acceptance. Professor Haskell Hinnant Professor George Justice Professor Devoney Looser Professor Catherine Parke Professor Patricia Crown ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This dissertation would not have been possible without the help of my adviser, Dr. Haskell Hinnant, to whom I would like to express the deepest gratitude. His continual guidance and persistent help have been greatly appreciated. I would also like to thank the members of my committee, Dr. Catherine Parke, Dr. George Justice, Dr. Devoney Looser, and Dr. Patricia Crown for their direction, support, and patience, and for their confidence in me. Their recommendations and suggestions have been invaluable. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS...................................................................................................ii INTRODUCTION...................................................................................................................1
    [Show full text]
  • Grimdark Magazine Issue 25 PDF
    1 Contents From the Editor Adrian Collins Sacred Semantics Nicholas Eames An Interview with Seanan McGuire Beth Tabler Cyberpunk 2077: Working for the Man to Spite the Man Charles Phipps The Only Cure Hûw Steer Review: The Stone Knife Author: Anna Stephens Review by malrubius The Dead Man Jack van Beynen Michael Moorcock’s Elric of Melnibone: The Anti-Conan Anthony Perconti Stiff’s Standoff Jamie Edmundson An Interview with Essa Hanson 2 Beth Tabler How Not to Fuck Yourself Over Self- Publishing Ben Galley Winter Sweet, Winter Grieve Kaaron Warren 3 From the Editor ADRIAN COLLINS Welcome to a new year and a new… no, not quite yet. A new world is still a little off and many of you are still stuck in your apartments soaking your Weetbix in beer to get through the day. Hold fast, because on the written entertainment front the GdM team and I have you covered for the next few hours at least (hint: this issue is a big one). This issue is something a little special: a prime example of the generosity of the publishing industry and successful authors’ want to see others do well. This issue includes not one, but two stories from the Matthew Ward Pay it Forward Writing Competition we ran last year. Two new authors you’re unlikely to have seen published: Hûw Steer and Jack Van Beynen. At the end of this issue I think you’ll remember the names, because their stories are absolute crackers. Before I wish you well on your grimdark journey through this issue, I’d just like to give Matthew Ward a special mention and to dedicate this issue to his generosity and willingness to help out new authors.
    [Show full text]
  • Robert Hartford-Davis and British Exploitation Cinema of the 1960S
    Corrupted, Tormented and Damned: Reframing British Exploitation Cinema and The films of Robert Hartford-Davis This copy of the thesis has been supplied on condition that anyone who consults it is understood to recognise that its copyright rests with the author and that use of any information derived there from must be in accordance with current UK Copyright Law. In addition, any quotation or extract must include full attribution. Michael Ahmed, M.A., B.A. PhD University of East Anglia Faculty of Film and Television Studies January 2013 Abstract The American exploitation film functioned as an alternative to mainstream Hollywood cinema, and served as a way of introducing to audiences shocking, controversial themes, as well as narratives that major American studios were reluctant to explore. Whereas American exploitation cinema developed in parallel to mainstream Hollywood, exploitation cinema in Britain has no such historical equivalent. Furthermore, the definition of exploitation, in terms of the British industry, is currently used to describe (according to the Encyclopedia of British Film) either poor quality sex comedies from the 1970s, a handful of horror films, or as a loosely fixed generic description dependent upon prevailing critical or academic orthodoxies. However, exploitation was a term used by the British industry in the 1960s to describe a wide-ranging and eclectic variety of films – these films included, ―kitchen-sink dramas‖, comedies, musicals, westerns, as well as many films from Continental Europe and Scandinavia. Therefore, the current description of an exploitation film in Britain has changed a great deal from its original meaning. Moreover, the films currently described as exploitation films include not only low budget independent films but also films made by large filmmaking companies like the Rank Organisation.
    [Show full text]
  • Grimdark Magazine Issue 19 PDF
    1 Contents From the Editor Adrian Collins The Fool Jobs Joe Abercrombie An Interview with Syama Pedersen Adrian Collins Review: Blood of an Exile Author: Brian Naslund Review by James Tivendale Eye of the Beholder Trudi Canavan (Almost) Total Failure: Succeeding in the Short Story Market T.R. Napper Under Calliope’s Skin Alan Baxter Review: The Monster of Elendhaven Author: Jennifer Giesbrecht Review by malrubius Death at the Pass Michael R. Fletcher An Interview with Geoff Brown Adrian Collins 2 Lifeblood Lee Murray 3 Artwork The cover art for Grimdark Magazine issue #19 was created by Jason Deem based on Lee Murray’s story Lifeblood. Jason Deem is an artist and designer residing in Dallas, Texas. More of his work can be found at: jdillustration.wordpress.com, on Twitter (@jason_deem) and on Facebook (https://www.facebook.com/JasonDeemIllustration). Language Grimdark Magazine has chosen to maintain the authors’ original language (eg. Australian English, American English, UK English) for each story. Legal Copyright © 2019 by Grimdark Magazine. All rights reserved. All stories, worlds, characters, and non-fiction pieces within are copyright © of their respective authors. The characters and events portrayed in this book are fictitious or fictitious recreations of actual historical persons. Any similarity to real persons, living or dead, is coincidental and unintended by the authors unless otherwise specified. 4 From the Editor ADRIAN COLLINS We’re back after a one-issue hiatus while I went off to get married and lock a poor woman into being with an obsessed publisher, for life. While we have plenty of exciting things happening both in this issue and in other projects, the most important thing happening this quarter is that our long- standing artist Jason Deem is moving on.
    [Show full text]
  • Early Classical Hollywood Cinema 1900'S-In The
    Early Classical Hollywood Cinema 1900’s-In the early 1900s, motion pictures ("flickers") were no longer innovative experiments/scapist entertainment medium for the working-class masses/ Kinetoscope parlors, lecture halls, and storefronts turned into nickelodeon. Admission 5 cents (sometimes a dime) - open from early morning to midnight. 1905-First Nickelodean -Pittsburgh by Harry Davis in June of 1905/few theatre shows in US- shows GREAT TRAIN ROBBERY Urban, foreign-born, working-class, immigrant audiences loved the cheap form of entertainment and were the predominent cinema-goers Some of the biggest names in the film business got their start as proprietors, investors, exhibitors, or distributors in nickelodeons.:Adolph Zukor ,Marcus Loew, Jesse Lasky, Sam Goldwyn (Goldfish), the Warner brothers, Carl Laemmle, William Fox, Louis B. Mayer 1906-According to most sources, the first continuous, full-length narrative feature film (defined as a commercially-made film at least an hour in length) was Charles Tait's biopic of a notorious outback bushranger, The Story of the Kelly Gang (1906, Australia)- Australia was the only country set up to regularly produce feature-length films prior to 1911.- 1907-Griffith begins working for Edision- Edwin S. Porter's and Thomas Edison's Rescued From the Eagle's Nest (1907)/ Griffith- Contributing to the modern language of cinema, he used the camera and film in new, more functional, mobile ways with composed shots, traveling shots and camera movement, split-screens, flashbacks, cross-cutting (showing two simultaneous actions that build toward a tense climax), frequent closeups to observe details, fades, irises, intercutting, parallel editing, dissolves, changing camera angles, soft-focus, lens filters, and experimental/artificial lighting and shading/tinting.
    [Show full text]