DOCSLIB.ORG

Differentiation of Pluripotent Cells Differenzierung Pluripotenter Zellen Différenciation De Cellules Pluripotentes

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Differentiation of Pluripotent Cells Differenzierung Pluripotenter Zellen Différenciation De Cellules Pluripotentes (19) TZZ Z_¥_T (11) EP 2 401 364 B1 (12) EUROPEAN PATENT SPECIFICATION (45) Date of publication and mention (51) Int Cl.: of the grant of the patent: C12N 5/0781 (2010.01) C12N 5/071 (2010.01) 22.04.2015 Bulletin 2015/17 (86) International application number: (21) Application number: 10707179.7 PCT/US2010/025776 (22) Date of filing: 01.03.2010 (87) International publication number: WO 2010/099539 (02.09.2010 Gazette 2010/35) (54) DIFFERENTIATION OF PLURIPOTENT CELLS DIFFERENZIERUNG PLURIPOTENTER ZELLEN DIFFÉRENCIATION DE CELLULES PLURIPOTENTES (84) Designated Contracting States: • WANG LISHENG ET AL: "Endothelial and AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR hematopoietic cell fate of human embryonic stem HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL cells originates from primitive endothelium with PT RO SE SI SK SM TR hemangioblastic properties" IMMUNITY, CELL PRESS, US LNKD- DOI:10.1016/J.IMMUNI. (30) Priority: 27.02.2009 US 156304 P 2004.06.006, vol. 21, no. 1, 1 July 2004 (2004-07-01), pages 31-41, XP002484358 ISSN: (43) Date of publication of application: 1074-7613 04.01.2012 Bulletin 2012/01 • BHATIA MICKIE: "Hematopoiesis from human embryonic stem cells." ANNALS OF THE NEW (73) Proprietor: Cellular Dynamics International, Inc. YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES JUN 2007 LNKD- Madison, WI 53711 (US) PUBMED:17332088, vol. 1106, June 2007 (2007-06), pages 219-222, XP007912752 ISSN: (72) Inventors: 0077-8923 • RAJESH, Deepika • KENNEDY MARION ET AL: "Development of the Madison, WI 53711 (US) hemangioblast defines the onset of • LEWIS, Rachel hematopoiesis in human ES cell differentiation Madison, WI 53711 (US) cultures" BLOOD, AMERICAN SOCIETY OF HEMATOLOGY, US, vol. 109, no. 7, 1 April 2007 (74) Representative: Vossius & Partner (2007-04-01) , pages 2679-2687, XP002483687 Patentanwälte Rechtsanwälte mbB ISSN: 0006-4971 Siebertstrasse 3 • PEARSON STELLA ET AL: "The stepwise 81675 München (DE) specification of embryonic stem cells to hematopoietic fate is driven by sequential (56) References cited: exposure to Bmp4, activin A, bFGF and VEGF" EP-A1- 1 860 180 WO-A1-2009/135206 DEVELOPMENT, COMPANY OF BIOLOGISTS, CAMBRIDGE, GB LNKD- DOI:10.1242/DEV. • PARK CHANGWON ET AL: "A hierarchical order 011767, vol. 135, no. 8, 1 April 2008 (2008-04-01) , of factors in the generation of FLK1- and SCL- pages 1525-1535, XP008092701 ISSN: 0950-1991 expressing hematopoietic and endothelial progenitors from embryonic stem cells" DEVELOPMENT (CAMBRIDGE), vol. 131, no. 11, June 2004 (2004-06), pages 2749-2762, XP002511712 ISSN: 0950-1991 Note: Within nine months of the publication of the mention of the grant of the European patent in the European Patent Bulletin, any person may give notice to the European Patent Office of opposition to that patent, in accordance with the Implementing Regulations. Notice of opposition shall not be deemed to have been filed until the opposition fee has been paid. (Art. 99(1) European Patent Convention). EP 2 401 364 B1 Printed by Jouve, 75001 PARIS (FR) (Cont. next page) EP 2 401 364 B1 • PICK MARJORIE ET AL: "Differentiation of • SHIOZAWAYUSUKE ET AL: "Human Osteoblasts human embryonic stem cells in serum-free Support Hematopoietic Cell Development in medium reveals distinct roles for bone vitro" ACTA HAEMATOLOGICA, S. KARGER, morphogenetic protein 4, vascular endothelial BASEL, CH, vol. 120, no. 3, 28 November 2008 growth factor, stem cell factor, and fibroblast (2008-11-28), pages 134-145, XP009132445 ISSN: growth factor 2 in hematopoiesis" STEM CELLS, 0001-5792 ALPHAMED PRESS LNKD- DOI: • WU M H ET AL: "Optimization of culture 10.1634/STEMCELLS.2006-0713, vol. 25, no. 9, 1 conditions to enhance transfection of human September 2007 (2007-09-01), pages 2206-2214, CD34+ cells by electroporation" BONE MARROW XP008092704 ISSN: 1549-4918 [retrieved on TRANSPLANTATION, vol. 27, no. 11, 1 June 2001 2007-06-07] (2001-06-01), pages 1201-1209, XP007913656 • NAKAYAMA NAOKI ET AL: "Vascular endothelial ISSN: 0268-3369 growth factor synergistically enhances bone • CHUTE J P ET AL: "A comparative study of the morphogenetic protein-4-dependent cell cycle status and primitive cell adhesion lymphohematopoietic cell generation from molecule profile of human CD34+ cells cultured embryonic stem cells in vitro" BLOOD, vol. 95, in stroma-free versus porcine microvascular no. 7, 1 April 2000 (2000-04-01), pages 2275-2283, endothelial cell cultures." EXPERIMENTAL XP002221609 ISSN: 0006-4971 HEMATOLOGY FEB 1999 LNKD- PUBMED: • WANG ZACK Z ET AL: "BMP4 and TGFbeta 10029177, vol. 27, no. 2, February 1999 (1999-02), Differentially Regulate CD34+Progenitor pages 370-379, XP000929912 ISSN: 0301-472X Development in Human Embryonic Stem Cells • HUBER TARA L ET AL: "Cooperative effects of through SMAD-Dependent Pathway" BLOOD, growth factors involved in the induction of vol. 112, no. 11, November 2008 (2008-11), page hematopoietic mesoderm" BLOOD, vol. 92, no. 328, XP007912753 & 50TH ANNUAL MEETING OF 11, 1 December 1998 (1998-12-01), pages THE AMERICAN- SOCIETY-OF-HEMATOLOGY; 4128-4137, XP007913633 ISSN: 0006-4971 SAN FRANCISCO, CA, USA; DECEMBER 06 -09, • SLACK J M W ET AL: "MESODERM INDUCTION 2008 ISSN: 0006-4971 BY FIBROBLAST GROWTH FACTOR IN EARLY • TIAN XINGHUI ET AL: "Differentiation of XENOPUS DEVELOPMENT" PHILOSOPHICAL embryonic stem cells towards hematopoietic TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF cells: progress and pitfalls" CURRENT OPINION LONDONB BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES,vol. 327, no. IN HEMATOLOGY, RAPID SCIENCE 1239, 1990, pages 75-84, XP007913634 ISSN: PUBLISHERS, PHILADELPHIA, PA, US, vol. 15, 0962-8436 no. 4, 1 July 2008 (2008-07-01), pages 312-318, • ZHANG PENGBO ET AL: "Short-term BMP-4 XP009132345 ISSN: 1065-6251 treatmentinitiates mesoderm induction in human • NOROL F ET AL: "Ex vivo expanded mobilized embryonic stem cells" BLOOD, vol. 111, no. 4, peripheral blood CD34+ cells accelerate February 2008 (2008-02), pages 1933-1941, haematological recovery in a baboon model of XP007913635 ISSN: 0006-4971 autologous transplantation" BRITISH JOURNAL • PURPURA K A ET AL: "Analysis of the temporal OF HAEMATOLOGY, WILEY-BLACKWELL and concentration-dependent effects of BMP-4, PUBLISHING LTD, GB LNKD- DOI:10.1046/J. VEGF, and TPO on development of embryonic 1365-2141.2000.01995.X, vol. 109, 1 January 2000 stem cell-derived mesoderm and blood (2000-01-01), pages 162-172, XP003013492 ISSN: progenitors in a defined, serum-free media" 0007-1048 EXPERIMENTAL HEMATOLOGY, ELSEVIER INC, • YANG SHI ET AL: "[Hematopoietic reconstitution US LNKD- DOI:10.1016/J.EXPHEM.2008.04.003, of fresh and cultured cord blood CD34+ cells in vol. 36, no. 9, 1 September 2008 (2008-09-01), NOD/SCID mice]" XI BAO YU FEN ZI MIAN YI XUE pages 1186-1198, XP023976901 ISSN: 0301-472X ZA ZHI= CHINESE JOURNAL OF CELLULAR AND [retrieved on 2008-06-11] MOLECULAR IMMUNOLOGY OCT 2008 LNKD- • YAMASHITA ET AL: "Differentiation of Arterial, PUBMED:18845075, vol. 24, no. 10, October 2008 Venous, and Lymphatic Endothelial Cells From (2008-10), pages 947-949, XP007912757 ISSN: Vascular Progenitors" TRENDS IN 1007-8738 CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE, ELSEVIER • FADILAH S A W ET AL: "Cord blood CD34+ cells SCIENCE, NEW YORK, NY, US LNKD- DOI: cultured with FLT3L, stem cell factor, interleukin- 10.1016/J.TCM.2007.01.001, vol. 17, no. 2, 7 6, and IL-3 produce CD11c+CD1a-/c- myeloid February 2007 (2007-02-07), pages 59-63, dendritic cells." STEM CELLS AND XP005878224 ISSN: 1050-1738 DEVELOPMENT OCT 2007 LNKD- PUBMED: 17999605, vol. 16, no. 5, October 2007 (2007-10), pages 849-855, XP007912758 ISSN: 1547-3287 2 (Cont. next page) EP 2 401 364 B1 • MOHAMED AZZA A ET AL: "Ex vivo expansion of stem cells: defining optimum conditions using various cytokines." LABORATORY HEMATOLOGY : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR LABORATORY HEMATOLOGY 2006 LNKD- PUBMED:16751136, vol. 12, no. 2, 2006, pages 86-93, XP009135584 ISSN: 1080-2924 3 EP 2 401 364 B1 Description BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 5 [0001] This application claims priority to U.S. Application No. 61/156,304 filed on February 27, 2009, the entire dis- closure of which is specifically incorporated herein by reference in its entirety without disclaimer. 1. Field of the Invention 10 [0002] The present invention relates generally to the fields of molecular biology and medicine. More particularly, it concerns methods and compositions for the production of hematopoietic progenitor cells from embryonic stem cells. 2. Description of Related Art 15 [0003] Due to the significant medical potential of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells, substantial work has been done to try to improve methods for the differentiation of hematopoietic progenitor cells from pluripotent stem cells. In the human adult, a small number of hematopoietic stem cells present primarily in bone marrow produce heterogeneous populations of actively dividing hematopoietic (CD34+) progenitor cells that differentiate into all the cells of the blood system. However, the CD34+ marker is an imprecise definition of hematopoietic cells since other cell types, notably 20 endothelial cells (blood vessels), also express CD34. Other markers, such as the CD43 marker, may also be used to help identify hematopoietic progenitor cells ( e.g., Kadaja-Saarepuu et al., 2007; Vodyanik et al., 2006). In an adult human, hematopoietic progenitors proliferate and differentiate resulting in the generation of hundreds of billions of mature blood cells daily. Hematopoietic progenitor cells are also present in cord blood.In vitro, human embryonic stem cells are capable of indefinite proliferation in culture and are thus capable, at least in principle, of supplying cells and tissues for 25 the replacement of failing or defective human tissue. [0004] The culture of human pluripotent cells with feeder cell lines such as mouse fibroblasts, presents the risk of unexpected transformations that have previously been associated with interspecies exposure during co-culture. Since one of the objectives of human pluripotent stem cell cultures is to create tissues which can ultimately be transplanted into a human body, it is highly desirable that the stem cells are not exposed to cells of another species or to a medium 30 which has been used to culture cells of another species.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 1. Introduction and Literature Review
    1. Introduction and literature review 1.1 Introduction 1.1.1 Defintion of blood Blood is described as a specialized connective tissue,which circulates in a closed system of blood vessels. (Monica.C, 2009) 1.1.2 Blood components Plasma is 55% of the total blood ,plasma cosist of albumin,globulin,water,electrolyte and many other organic and inorganic substances. (Monica.C, 2009) Blood cells is 45% of total blood and encompass;White blood cells(WBCs),Red blood cells(RBCs),and Platelets(Plts). (Monica.C, 2009) 1.1.3 Function of blood -Respiration: transport of oxygen from the lung to tissues and carbon dioxide from tissues to the lungs. -Excreation:transport of metabolic waste to the lungs,kidneys,skin and intestine for removal. - Maintain of normal acid –base balance. -Nutrition of body . -Part of immune system. (Monica.C, 2009) 1 1.1.4 Haemopoiesis Is the general aspect of blood cells formation. (Monica.C, 2009) Haemopoiesis occurs at different anatomical sites the course of development from embryonic life to adult life this site is, up to 2 month of gestation.The haemopoiesis occurs in yolk sac of the embryo.This period called (Myeloblastic period). (Monica.C, 2009) 2-7 month of gestation, this period called (Haepatic period). (Monica.C, 2009) Only important site of all hemopoiesis site after birth,an exception is lymphocyte production which occur in other organ in addition to the bone marrow.This period called(Myeloid period). (Monica.C, 2009) 1.1.5 Development of haemopoiesis The general most commonly accepted view is that blood cells development from small population of stem cells.
    [Show full text]
  • An Introduction to Stem Cell Biology
    An Introduction to Stem Cell Biology Michael L. Shelanski, MD,PhD Professor of Pathology and Cell Biology Columbia University Figures adapted from ISSCR. Presentations of Drs. Martin Pera (Monash University), Dr.Susan Kadereit, Children’s Hospital, Boston and Dr. Catherine Verfaillie, University of Minnesota Science 1999, 283: 534-537 PNAS 1999, 96: 14482-14486 Turning Blood into Brain: Cells Bearing Neuronal Antigens Generated in Vitro from Bone Marrow Science 2000, 290:1779-1782 From Marrow to Brain: Expression of Neuronal Phenotypes in Adult Mice Mezey, E., Chandross, K.J., Harta, G., Maki, R.A., McKercher, S.R. Science 2000, 290:1775-1779 Brazelton, T.R., Rossi, F.M., Keshet, G.I., Blau, H.M. Nature 2001, 410:701-705 Nat Med 2000, 11: 1229-1234 Stem Cell FAQs Do you need to get one from an egg? Must you sacrifice an Embryo? What is an ES cell? What about adult stem cells or cord blood stem cells Why can’t this work be done in animals? Are “cures” on the horizon? Will this lead to human cloning – human spare parts factories? Are we going to make a Frankenstein? What is a stem cell? A primitive cell which can either self renew (reproduce itself) or give rise to more specialised cell types The stem cell is the ancestor at the top of the family tree of related cell types. One blood stem cell gives rise to red cells, white cells and platelets Stem Cells Vary in their Developmental capacity A multipotent cell can give rise to several types of mature cell A pluripotent cell can give rise to all types of adult tissue cells plus extraembryonic tissue: cells which support embryonic development A totipotent cell can give rise to a new individual given appropriate maternal support The Fertilized Egg The “Ultimate” Stem Cell – the Newly Fertilized Egg (one Cell) will give rise to all the cells and tissues of the adult animal.
    [Show full text]
  • Stem Cell Therapy for Neurodegenerative Diseases
    Review Stem Cell Therapy for Neurodegenerative Diseases Hanyang Med Rev 2015;35:229-235 http://dx.doi.org/10.7599/hmr.2015.35.4.229 1 2,3 2,3 pISSN 1738-429X eISSN 2234-4446 Jong Zin Yee , Ki-Wook Oh , Seung Hyun Kim 1Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea 2Department of Neurology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea 3Cell Therapy Center for Neurologic Disorders, Hanyang University Hospital, Seoul, Korea Neurodegenerative diseases are the hereditary and sporadic conditions which are charac- Correspondence to: Seung Hyun Kim Department of Neurology, Hanyang terized by progressive neuronal degeneration. Neurodegenerative diseases are emerging University College of Medicine, as the leading cause of death, disabilities, and a socioeconomic burden due to an increase 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, in life expectancy. There are many neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer’s dis- Seoul 04763, Korea Tel: +82-2-2290-8371 ease, Parkinson’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington’s disease, and multiple Fax: +82-2-2296-8370 sclerosis, but we have no effective treatments or cures to halt the progression of any of E-mail: [email protected] these diseases. Stem cell-based therapy has become the alternative option to treat neuro- degenerative diseases. There are several types of stem cells utilized; embryonic stem cells, Received 4 September 2015 Revised 6 October 2015 induced pluripotent stem cells, and adult stem cell (mesenchymal stem cells and neural Accepted 13 October 2015 progenitor cells). In this review, we summarize recent advances in the treatments and the This is an Open Access article distributed under limitations of various stem cell technologies.
    [Show full text]
  • Stem Cell Differentiation Investigation • 1 C L a S S S E S S I O N
    14 Stem Cell Differentiation investigation • 1 c l a s s s e s s i o n Overview BaCKgrOund infOrMatiOn To investigate how embryonic stem cells become specialized Stem cells and precursors cells cells, students draw from a set of colored chips that represent A stem call produces daughter cells that might remain as specific molecular factors that determine the next step of stem cells or begin a pathway of differentiation into one of a specialization. They discuss the paths stem cells take as they variety of specialized cell types. Stem cells are classified into differentiate into specialized cells. three groups, depending on where they are on the pathway toward differentiation. Totipotent stem cells can produce any Key COntent kind of cell in the body, and have an unlimited ability to self- renew. The embryonic cells that form during the first few 1. Stem cells can produce a variety of specialized cells. divisions after an egg is fertilized are totipotent. Pluripotent 2. The process by which stem cells produce specialized stem cells can become almost any type of cell in the body, descendent cells is called differentiation. except the cells of the placenta and certain other uterine tis- sues. Totipotent stem cells become pluripotent after three or Materials and advanCe PreParatiOn four divisions. Multipotent stem cells produce only certain For the teacher types of cells. For example, one line of multipotent stem cells Transparency 14.1, “The Organization of Multicellular gives rise to all the blood cells, including red and white blood Organisms” cells. Adult stem cells are multipotent.
    [Show full text]
  • The Possible Role of Mutated Endothelial Cells in Myeloproliferative Neoplasms by Mirko Farina, Domenico Russo, and Ronald Hoffman
    The possible role of mutated endothelial cells in myeloproliferative neoplasms by Mirko Farina, Domenico Russo, and Ronald Hoffman Received: February 17, 2021. Accepted: June 28, 2021. Citation: Mirko Farina, Domenico Russo, and Ronald Hoffman. The possible role of mutated endothelial cells in myeloproliferative neoplasms. Haematologica. 2021 Jul 29. doi: 10.3324/ haematol.2021.278499. [Epub ahead of print] Publisher's Disclaimer. E-publishing ahead of print is increasingly important for the rapid dissemination of science. Haematologica is, therefore, E-publishing PDF files of an early version of manuscripts that have completed a regular peer review and have been accepted for publication. E-publishing of this PDF file has been approved by the authors. After having E-published Ahead of Print, manuscripts will then undergo technical and English editing, typesetting, proof correction and be presented for the authors' final approval; the final version of the manuscript will then appear in a regular issue of the journal. All legal disclaimers that apply to the journal also pertain to this production process. REVIEW ARTICLE The possible role of mutated endothelial cells in myeloproliferative neoplasms Ferrata Storti Foundation Mirko Farina,1 Domenico Russo1 and Ronald Hoffman2 1Unit of Blood Diseases and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Cell Therapies and Hematology Research Program, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy and 2Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA ABSTRACT yeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) are chronic, clonal hemato- logic malignancies characterized by myeloproliferation and a Mhigh incidence of vascular complications (thrombotic and bleeding).
    [Show full text]
  • Stem Cell Therapy for Movement Disorders
    Parkinsonism and Related Disorders 20S1 (2014) S128–S131 Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Parkinsonism and Related Disorders journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/parkreldis The promises of stem cells: stem cell therapy for movement disorders Hideki Mochizuki*, Chi-Jing Choong, Toru Yasuda Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan article info summary Keywords: Despite the multitude of intensive research, the exact pathophysiological mechanisms underlying Stem cell movement disorders including Parkinson’s disease, multiple system atrophy and Huntington’s disease Movement disorders remain more or less elusive. Treatments to halt these disease progressions are currently unavailable. Parkinson’s disease With the recent induced pluripotent stem cells breakthrough and accomplishment, stem cell research, as Induced pluripotent stem cell the vast majority of scientists agree, holds great promise for relieving and treating debilitating movement disorders. As stem cells are the precursors of all cells in the human body, an understanding of the molecular mechanisms that govern how they develop and work would provide us many fundamental insights into human biology of health and disease. Moreover, stem-cell-derived neurons may be a renewable source of replacement cells for damaged neurons in movement disorders. While stem cells show potential for regenerative medicine, their use as tools for research and drug testing is thought to have more immediate impact. The use of stem-cell-based drug screening technology could be a big boost in drug discovery for these movement disorders. Particular attention should also be given to the involvement of neural stem cells in adult neurogenesis so as to encourage its development as a therapeutic option.
    [Show full text]
  • 5 Nuclear Hematology Kshitish C
    Chapter 5 5 Nuclear Hematology Kshitish C. Das 5.1 Introduction 90 5.26.2 Bone Marrow Imaging by Scintigraphy 126 5.26.3 Leukocyte (WBC) or Granulocyte Labeling for 5.2 Hematopoiesis and Hematopoietic Tissues 91 Imaging Bone Marrow 127 5.3 The Sites and Distribution of Prenatal and 5.26.4 Blood Platelets 127 Postnatal Hematopoietic Tissue 96 5.26.5 Measurement of Platelet Survival 128 5.4 Hematopoietic Growth Factors 97 References 128 5.5 Hematopoiesis and Hematopoietic Stem Cells 98 5.6 Hematopoietic Cell Lineages 99 5.7 Erythropoiesis 100 5.1 5.8 Globin Chain Synthesis 100 Introduction 5.9 Heme Synthesis 101 Nuclear hematology deals with the use of radionuclides 5.10 Some Essential Hematopoietic Nutrients 101 or radiopharmaceutical agents in the study of the path- 5.11 Iron Metabolism and Erythropoiesis 101 ophysiology, diagnosis and therapy of hematological 5.12 Intracellular Regulation of Iron 103 diseases arising de novo in the hematopoietic tissues or 5.13 Investigations to Evaluate the Qualitative and as a consequence of some systemic diseases. This prac- Quantitative Aspects of Erythropoiesis 103 tice virtually began in 1940, when John Lawrence first 32 5.14 Iron Absorption 104 used P to treat a young patient with chronic myeloid 32 5.15 Ferrokinetics 104 leukemia [1]. This was followed by the use of Pasara- 5.15.1 Plasma Iron Clearance 105 dioactive label for red cells to measure blood volume 5.15.2 Plasma Iron Turnover 106 [2]. From these modest beginnings, nuclear hematolo- 5.16 Red Cell Utilization (RCU) of Radio-iron 106 gy has come a long way and evolved into a contempo- 5.17 Erythrocyte Iron Turnover 107 rary discipline as a very useful and often an essential investigative tool in many areas of hematology.
    [Show full text]
  • In Viva Growth Factor Expansion of Endogenous Subependymal Neural Precursor Cell Populations in the Adult Mouse Brain
    The Journal of Neuroscience, April 15, 1996, 16(8):2649-2658 In Viva Growth Factor Expansion of Endogenous Subependymal Neural Precursor Cell Populations in the Adult Mouse Brain Constance G. Craig,’ Vince Tropepe,’ Cindi M. Morshead,’ Brent A. Reynolds,2 Samuel Weiss,’ and Derek van der Kooyl 1Neurobiology Research Group, Department of Ana tomy and Cell Biology, University of Toron to, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S lA8, and 2Departments of Anatomy and Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 4NI The lateral ventricle subependyma in the adult mammalian entiated into new astrocytes and 3% into new neurons in the forebrain contains both neural stem and progenitor cells. This cortex, striatum, and septum. Newly generated oligodendro- study describes the in situ modulation of these subependymal cytes were also observed. These in viva results (1) confirm the neural precursor populations after intraventricular administra- existence of EGF-responsive subependymal neural precursor tion of exogenous growth factors. In viva infusion of epidermal cells in the adult mouse forebrain and (2) suggest that EGF acts growth factor (EGF) into adult mouse forebrain for 6 consecu- directly as a proliferation, survival, and migration factor for tive days resulted in a dramatic increase in the proliferation and subependymal precursor cells to expand these populations total number of subependymal cells and induced their migra- and promote the movement of these cells into normal brain tion away from the lateral ventricle walls into adjacent paren- parenchyma. Thus, in situ modulation of endogenous forebrain chyma. Immediately after EGF infusion, immunohistochemical precursor cells represents a novel model for studying neural characterization of the EGF-expanded cell population demon- development in the adult mammalian brain and may provide strated that >95% of these cells were EGF receptor- and insights that will achieve adult replacement of neurons and glia nestin-positive, whereas only 0.9% and 0.2% labeled for as- lost to disease or trauma.
    [Show full text]
  • Hematopoiesis
    UKRAINIAN MEDICAL STOMATOLOGICAL ACADEMY Department of Histology, Cytology and Embryology Hematopoiesis PhD, Teacher of Department of Histology, Cytology and Embryology Skotarenko Tetiana Plan of lecture 1. General characteristics of the organs of hematopoiesis. 2. Embryonic hematopoiesis. 3. Postembryonic hematopoiesis. 4. The modern theory of hematopoiesis. 5. Stem cells. 6. Characterization of cells of all classes of hematopoiesis. 2 Hematopoiesis is development of the blood cells. Mature blood cells have a relatively short life span, and the population must be replaced by the progeny of stem cells produced in the hematopoietic organs. Types of hematopoiesis ► embryonic (prenatal) hematopoiesis which occurs in embryonic life and results in development of a blood as tissue, ► postembryonic (postnatal) hematopoiesis which represents process of physiological regeneration of a blood. Development of erythrocytes name an erythropoiesis, of granulocytes – granulopoiesis, of thrombocytes - thrombopoiesis, of monocytes - monopoiesis, of lymphocytes and immunocytes - lympho- and immunopoiesis. ► In the prenatal period the hematopoiesis serially occurs in several developing organs. ► After birth the hematopoiesis occurs in the bone marrow of a skull, ribs, sternum, pelvic bones, epiphysises of the lengthy bones. Prenatal hematopoiesis 1. The primary (megaloblastic) stage. During 2-3 weeks of development in the wall of the yolk sac the clumps of mesenchymal cells - blood islands - are formed. Prenatal hematopoiesis 1. The primary (megaloblastic) stage Cells on periphery of each island form the endothelium of primary blood vessels. The cells of the central part of an island form the first blood cells - primary erythroblasts - the large cells containing a nucleus and embryonic Hb. Prenatal hematopoiesis 1. The primary (megaloblastic) stage ► Leucocytes and thrombocytes at this stage are not present.
    [Show full text]
  • The Prognostic Significance of Hematogones and CD34+ Myeloblasts in Bone Marrow for Adult B-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia Without
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN The prognostic signifcance of hematogones and CD34+ myeloblasts in bone marrow for adult B-cell lymphoblastic leukemia without minimal residual disease Hongyan Liao1,3, Qin Zheng1,3, Yongmei Jin1, Tashi Chozom2, Ying Zhu1, Li Liu1 & Nenggang Jiang1* This study was aimed to dissect the prognostic signifcances of hematogones and CD34+ myeloblasts in bone marrow for adult B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia(ALL) without minimal residual disease(MRD) after the induction chemotherapy cycle. A total of 113 ALL patients who have received standardized chemotherapy cycle were analyzed. Cases that were not remission after induction chemotherapy or have received stem cell transplantation were excluded. Flow cytometry was used to quantify the levels of hematogones and CD34+ myeloblasts in bone marrow aspirations, and the patients were grouped according to the levels of these two precursor cell types. The long-term relapse- free survival(RFS) and recovery of peripheral blood cells of each group after induction chemotherapy were compared. The results indicated that, after induction chemotherapy, patients with hematogones ≥0.1% have a signifcantly longer remission period than patients with hematogones <0.1% (p = 0.001). Meanwhile, the level of hematogones was positively associated with the recovery of both hemoglobin and platelet in peripheral blood, while CD34+ myeloblasts level is irrelevant to the recovery of Hb and PLT in peripheral blood, level of hematogones and long-term prognosis. This study confrmed hematogones level after induction chemotherapy can be used as a prognostic factor for ALL without MRD. It is more applicable for evaluation prognosis than CD34+ myeloblasts. B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a common type of malignant tumor of the hematological system1.
    [Show full text]
  • Why Are Hematopoietic Stem Cells So ‘Sexy’? on a Search for Developmental Explanation
    OPEN Leukemia (2017) 31, 1671–1677 www.nature.com/leu REVIEW Why are hematopoietic stem cells so ‘sexy’? on a search for developmental explanation MZ Ratajczak1,2 Evidence has accumulated that normal human and murine hematopoietic stem cells express several functional pituitary and gonadal sex hormones, and that, in fact, some sex hormones, such as androgens, have been employed for many years to stimulate hematopoiesis in patients with bone marrow aplasia. Interestingly, sex hormone receptors are also expressed by leukemic cell lines and blasts. In this review, I will discuss the emerging question of why hematopoietic cells express these receptors. A tempting hypothetical explanation for this phenomenon is that hematopoietic stem cells are related to subpopulation of migrating primordial germ cells. To support of this notion, the anatomical sites of origin of primitive and definitive hematopoiesis during embryonic development are tightly connected with the migratory route of primordial germ cells: from the proximal epiblast to the extraembryonic endoderm at the bottom of the yolk sac and then back to the embryo proper via the primitive streak to the aorta-gonado-mesonephros (AGM) region on the way to the genital ridges. The migration of these cells overlaps with the emergence of primitive hematopoiesis in the blood islands at the bottom of the yolk sac, and definitive hematopoiesis that occurs in hemogenic endothelium in the embryonic dorsal aorta in AGM region. Leukemia (2017) 31, 1671–1677; doi:10.1038/leu.2017.148 INTRODUCTION the quest for the most primitive HSCs still continues, and several 13,14 There are still two major unknowns that have not been fully potential candidates have been proposed.
    [Show full text]
  • Bone Marrow: General Considerations
    BONE MARROW: 1 GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS The assessment for a possible bone marrow exceeding one billion per kilogram per day for (BM) neoplasm typically begins with a review life. As expected, exquisite regulation of cell of the complete blood count (CBC) and the production is required via the coordinated inter- peripheral blood smear. Such an assessment is play of promotional and inhibitory cytokines, based on a knowledge of normal blood and BM largely created by the progeny of mesenchymal parameters, normal hematopoiesis, and normal stem cells such as fbroblasts, endothelial cells, BM architecture in terms of all hematolymphoid osteoblasts, and adipose cells (Table 1-1; fg. lineages, BM stroma, and bony trabeculae. Also 1-1) (1–14). required is at least a basic understanding of Hematopoietic stem cells are recruited to regulatory factors, including transcriptional specialized loci by mesenchymal cells as well regulators, cell surface receptors, growth factors, as the products of mesenchymal cells. These and other cytokines and receptors (1). hematopoietic stem cell niches are highly pro- The BM is the site of the massive produc- tected sites in which various regulatory factors tion of erythrocytes, platelets, and neutrophils, impact stem cell proliferation and maturation Table 1-1 OVERVIEW OF HEMATOPOIESISa BMb Microenvironmental Niches Mesenchymal stem cells – asymmetric cell division with self-renewal and multilineage mesodermal maturation (osteoblasts, fbroblasts, chondrocytes, endothelial cells, adipocytes) Bony trabeculae lined by
    [Show full text]