Mozambican Revolution, No. 16

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Aluka is a not-for-profit initiative dedicated to creating and preserving a digital archive of materials about and from the developing world. For more information about Aluka, please see http://www.aluka.org Mozambican Revolution, No. 16

Alternative title Mozambique Revolution Author/Creator Mozambique Liberation Front - FRELIMO Contributor Department of Information [FRELIMO] Publisher Mozambique Liberation Front - FRELIMO Date 1965-03 Resource type Magazines (Periodicals) Language English Subject Coverage (spatial) Mozambique Coverage (temporal) 1965 Source Northwestern University Library, L967.905 M939 Rights By kind permission of the Mozambique Liberation Front (FRELIMO). Description Editorial; South-African soldiers in the Portuguese army; Communiques; Repressions in Mozambique; Pio Gama Pinto was murdered; FRELIMO’s delegation to the UN; The I.C.C.J. denounces Portuguese colonialism; Message of the South-Vietnam National Front for Liberation; Message to the Congress of NUTA; Portuguese forced to admit war; The struggle in the other Portuguese colonies Format extent 15 page(s) (length/size)

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http://www.aluka.org VOLUTION

VOLUTION MARCH 1965 No 16 EDITORIAL ...... 1 C O MUNIQUES ...... 5 REPRESSIONS IN MOZAMBIQUE ...... 6 THE I.C.C.J. DENOUNCES PORTUGUESE COLONIALISM ...... 9 MOZAMBIQUE LIBERATION FRONT (FRELIMO) Information Department P.O.Box 15274 Dar-Es-Salaam, U.R. of Tanzania

MOZAMBICAN REVOLUTION MARCH 1965 No 16 FRELIMO Information Department 201, Nkrumah Street, Box 15274 Dar-Es-Salaam U.R. of Tanzania CONTENTS Editorial ...... 1 South-African soldiers in the Portuguese army ... 4 C ommuniques ...... 5 Repressions in Mozambique ...... 6 Pio Gama Pinto was murdered ...... 7 FRELIMO's delegation to the UN ...... 8 The I.C.C.J. denounces Portuguese colonialism .o. 9 Message of the South-Vietnam National Front for Liberation ...... 11 Messge to the Congress of NUTA ...... 12 Portuguese forced to admit war ...... 12 The struggle in the other Portuguese colonies ... 13

EDITORIAL Our liberation struggle develops simultaneously on two distinct fronts. One of them, obviously the most important, is the armed struggle within Mozambi,e. At this very moment, the Mozambican people, lead by FRELIMO militants, attack the Portuguese colonialist forces in our country which were sent from Lisbon on a "missao de soberania" to defend the sovereignty of Portugal in Mozambique. Our people contend that the sovereign power belongs by right to the people themselves. This contention is absolutely legal: a government is valid only when and to the extent that it represents the will of the people. The government which exists in Mozambique exists aqinst the will of the people. Therefore, it has no legal basis. Over a long period, we have tzr.ed to -Aa'e the Portuguese government aware of this reality. Ve. showed them by the constant revolts that have taken plrce in I oozambique during the period of Portuguese domination. These revolts prove clearly that our people do not accept the regime established there by the Portuguese. We have explained to them that any folm of colonialism is always morally damnable ac it im ties ..e exploitation of man by man. And in the .ortd... s. . a- it I ;con graver, since in order to make this explo~it ,n po.b-,b ,-o, the Portuguese government has not hesitated to £au..h a I .,i 7ff genocide - our country, physically destroyirg the, o v-, try to oppose them by fighting for their rightsand att-:mting to destroy our dignity through studied forms of _reprcssion, We have told the Portuguese government, in sumamation, that it is necessary for them to give us independence for mora1 eac, snd on the basis of legality. The government prosntly established in Mozambique is illegal. Our arguments do not produce any effect. On the contrary, we saw that after we had formulated on..- demand, Portugal hurriedly reinforced her military position -. 1ozambique and intensified repressions. Since it is not an academric question for us, but a problem of vital importance on which depends the whole destiny of our people, we resolved to tal:e by force what Portugal refused to give us. This is the reason why we are fighting today in M{ozambique with guns in our hands. The other front on which our struggle develops is the international sphere. Here, we try to obtain the support and aid of other countries for our struggle. A great number-of countries, even countries traditionally friends of Portugal, already understand the justice of our cause, anq are actively in favour of our liberation. Others remain in an ambiguous position. They say they are in accord with ou. ideals, but on the practical level they continue to support Portugal, giving her arms and credits which they know are to be used against us. Finally, there are other countries which openly oppose our ideals and continue to strengthen their relations with Portugal. Foremost among these is West Germany. And it is precisely that alliance between West Germany and Portugal which we denounce today. We know that 'lest Germany will not change her policy'because of our editorials. But it is our duty to tell and explain to our people all the problems related to our revolution, to tell who are our allies and who are our enemies. This is another way of fighting. Bonn is today the only European capital which does not conceal her support to the colonial war that the Portuguese government has launched against the peoples of Mozambique, Angola and Guinea. This alliance between the Portuguese and West German leaders has a solid and ancient ideological basis, from which come, as a natural consequence, military, economic and cultural relations. That common ideological basis is represented by the imperialistic ambitions of the two governments and by overt or hidden adherence to the principles of fascism. It is a well-known fact that for many years Salazar supported and copied Hitler and Mussolini. He created the PIDE on the model of the Gestapo, the'Legiao on the model of the S.S., the organizagao corporativa on the model of the corporative structure of Mussolini. Salazar intended to change the present Portuguese national flag to (:-.e with a cross imitating the swastika. He had pictures of himself and Mussolini over his desk and saluted the people with a stiff arm in the fascist manner. During the Second World War, Salazar always collaborated closely with the Nazis. Under cover of"neutrality", he furnished goods and raw materials to the Nazis. The Hitler victories were celebrated in Portugal. Those who sympathised with Britain and the Allies vore pcrs=cutec2. On1 vhon thi 2ilitary situa'tion bccn-.e unfavourable to Hitler were Salazar and the Salazarists forced to go over to the side of Groat Britain. Even so, when Hitler died, Salazar decreed national mourning, and declared that the greatest olror d7it.e' hv -,& ad b'en to lose the war. Today, the revival of militarism in West Germany (whose army is again the strongest in capitalist Europe) has redirected the policy of Salazar to its traditional lines. The military contacts, timid at first, soon resumed their old cordiality. The military chiefs began to exchange visits and to negotiate, secretly at first. In November 1962, the Foreign Minister of Portugal denied energetically the news of the concession of military bases in Portugal to the government of Bonn. The fascist newspapers claimed in large letters: "A RUMOUR IS BELIED".

However, before one year had passed, the rumour became a reality. In October 1963, the governments of Lisbon and Bonn confirmed the agreement granting Bonn an airport in the south of Portugal for training with supersonic airplanes. Economic relations also became stronger to the point that in external trade the German Federal Republic is now the first supplier of Portugal, followed by England and the United States. -- In the last five year, exports from the German Federal Republic to Portugal have become twice as great as imports. -- The balance of payments in favour of West Germany is about 200 million marks. -- Germany contributed 60 million marks for the construction of Portuguese airports. -- Fifty percent of Portugal's imports of machinery, vehicles and tools come from West Germany. -- The German Mining Company of Lobito in Angola exported more than one million tons of iron ore in 1964, and expects to increase production in 1965 to 2- million tons. -- Krupp invested more than one million contos (Z 12,500,000) in the iron mines of BiG (Angola)alone. -- The fishing industry of Cabo Verde in 1964 became totally dependent on West German capital. -- A new shipping line between Angola and South Africa was inaugurated at the beginning of this year using ships of the German Federal Republic. -- At the baginning of March this year, the German ship owner Frank Fiser arrived in Lourengo Marques to study the possibility of increasing the amount of shipping between Germany and southern Africa, specifically Lourenco Marques and Beira. -- A German company was authorised to export tobacco from Angola. Other German companies are interested in exploiting the same product in the region of Ganguelas, which will bring much misery to the small African farmers of the region. -- In recent months Salazar imported more than 2,400,000 kilowatt hours of electrical energy from West Germany and Switzerland. -- The Minister of Agriculture of the GFR, Dr. Werner Schwarz, visited Portugal last year and declared himself satisfied in having seen "the good application of German investment s. " -- On the 26th of February the Portuguese Minister of Justice, Antunes Varela, was decorated by the German govern- ment with the Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of the German Federal Republic, "the highest decoration that country can give a foreign minister." -- By the-terms of a recent agreement between Salazar and Erhard, new military hospitals will be built in Portugal for the treatment of soldiers wounded in the colonial wars. -- A German military mission, under the command of General F. Becker, is stationed in Lisbon. -- IN ORDER TO INJECT ARTIFICIAL LIFE INTO THE FINANCES AND ECONOMY OF PORTUGAL, AND TO PUT THE PORTUGUESE WAR INDUSTRY INTO CONDITION TO SATISFY THE NEEDS OF THE COLONIAL WARS, THE WEST GERMAN GOVERNMENT ORDERED ARMS FROM PORTUGAL, FOR WHICH THEY PAID MORE THAN 3 MILLION CONTOS (E 37,500,000). -- ERHARD BECA14E A TRADE AGENT FOR SALAZAR. SINCE MANY WESTERN COUNTRIES REFUSE TO SELL WAR MATERIAL TO PORTUGAL, THE WEST GERMAN GOVERNENT OFFERED ITSELF AS AN INTERMEDIARY. SIXTY WAR PLANES THAT ERHARD BOUGHT FROM CANADA ARE GOING TO BE SENT TO SALAZAR FOR THE AIR FORCE THAT IS MASSACRING THE AFRICAN POPULATIONS OF MOZAMBIQUE, ANGOLA AND GUINEA. These are facts, facts that reveal the real policy of the West German government. Soon Mozambique will be free. The independent and sovereign state of Mozambique will establish agreements and alliances with other countries. In the selection of these countries, the Mozambican people will know to shun those who supported our enemy, furnishing Portugal with the means to continue her domination over us, and through Portugal, exploiting our riches and our people. ****** ****** SOUTH AFRICAN SOLDIERS IN THE PORTUGUESE ARMY What we had foreseen is already happening. In our Mozambique Revolution No. 7 of June 1964, we told in the editorial: "We know that when the armed revolution begins in Mozambique, the army of South Africa will join with the army of Portugal to repress the people....." Our militants now tell us that Boer soldiers fight in Mozambique side by side with Portuguese soldiers.

After an ambush when a colonialist patrol was completely defeated, our fighters found that many of the dead colonialist soldiers had South African identity cards. Later on, after careful study of the movements of the Portuguese troops, the FRELIMO militants remarked that in those manoeuvres, the Boer soldiers used to go in front, forming the reconnaissance group. During the fight, those soldiers are much more energetic than the Portuguese, revealing that they are used to the conditions of the African terrain. On the other hand, in repressive actions, they are even more ferocious than the Portuguese, manifesting a kind of sadistic pleasure when torturing Africans, burning plantations and villages and persecuting and shooting unarmed African civilians who hide in the bush. This new manifestation of the Salazar-Verwoerd alliance does not surprise anyone. But it teaches us the necessity of making the solidarity between the people of Mozambique and South Africa more active. The colonialists and imperialists know how to unite in the defense of their interests. The oppressed peoples must also know how to constitute a common front in the fight for their rights. COMFUNIQUE NO. 12 The following is the latest information received by FRELIIMO headquarters: Ten military vehicles have been destroyed, fifty Portuguese soldiers were killed and many others were wounded. 1. On the 20th of February 1965, two vehicles carrying Portuguese soldiers were ambushed 2 kmns. from Mueda. Our militants destroyed the two vehicles and 15 of the Portuguese soldiers were killed and others were wounded. 2. On the 23rd February, the same group of FRELIMO militants attacked a convoy of 40 Portuguese military vehicles which was returning from another region. A fight ensuod, our soldiers concentrating on the 7 vehicles in the front, as a result of which 5 of these vehicles were totally destroyed. About 30 Portuguese soldiers were killed in this action. Other enemy vehicles fired at random from a distance without any real effect on our militants. 3. On the 26th of February at Muidumbe, another convoy of three Portuguese mflitary vehicles was caught in an ambush by FRELIMO militats. The total number of Portuguese soldiers killed here is unknown. The other three enemy vehicles turned and disappeared at high speed.

In all the above mentioned attacks, several of our combatants were wounded, but none were killed. MARCH 10, 1965 COMMUNIQUE NO. 13 One Portuguese Plane Shot Down The Mozambique Liberation Front announces that on the 28th of February a Portuguese military airplane was shot down by FRELIMO militants 15 kms. from Mueda in the region between Mueda and Miteda. All of the crew, numbering four, died. The plane flew regularly over that zone on reconnaisance missions every day at the same time. March 14, 1965 COMMUNIQUE NO. 14 Thirty-Nine Portuguese Soldiers Killed On the sixth of March, FRELIMO militants in the Province of Cabo Delgado ambushed a convoy of three Portuguese military cars 20 kms. north of Diaca, destroying them with land mines, hand grenades and machine guns. The cars were loaded with Portuguese soldiers, 39 of whom were killed, while two were wounded. There were no casualties among the FRELIMO militants. 19 March 1965 COMMUNIQUE NO. 15 On the 1lth of March, FRELIMO militants ambushed a convoy of three military cars on the road between Mueda and Mocimboa. All the cars were destroyed. About 20 Portuguese soldiers were killed. The exact number is unknown. 29 MARCH 1965 REPRESSIONS IN MOZAIIIBIQUE In order to escape from the inhuman Portuguese repressions, the people of many villages are forced to seek refuge in the bush, where they are protected by FRELIMO militants.

On the 20th of February, the administrator of bMacomia in the District of Cabo Delgado sent emissaries warning these people that they must return to their villages because all Africans found in the bush would be killed. On the other hand, he said, those who returned to their villages would not be prosecuted. Some Mozambicans let themselves be influenced by the words of the Portuguese and came back. On the 22nd of February, groups of Portuguese soldiers went through the villages, arresting all the inhabitants who had returned. All of them, men women and children, were put in big lorries and transported to one of the villages. There they were put into four of the largest huts. The huts were set on fire, and while they burned, the Portuguese soldiers sprayed them with machine gun bullets. The only survivors were a woman and her four year old child, hideously burned and mutilated, who were taken from the wreckage by other inhabitants who approached after dark when the Portuguese soldiers had left. On the 12th of March, a fifteen year old Mozambican girl was killed in Mueda by a mine placed in the road by the Portuguese soldiers. On the 16th of March, a group of Portuguese soldiers went from Muidumbe to the region of Cavanga. There they found a woman planting potatoes. The Portuguese accused her of doing this to feed the rebels. They shot and killed her. PIO GAMA PINTO WAS MEJRDERED Pio Gama Pinto, son of Goans, was born in Kenya 37 years ago. While yet a child he went to Goa, returning to Kenya in 1947. During the Mau Mau struggle against British colonialism, Pio Pinto fought with the Kenyan people as a real Kenyan. Arrested in 1954 by the British, he was not released until five years later in 1959. Soon after he was freed, Pio Pinto resumed political activities in the Kenya African National Union (KANU) headed by Jomo Kenyatta. Pio Pinto was a member of the Central Legislative Assembly of East Africa and a member of the Kenya Parliament. He was also one of the directors of the newspaper Panafrica, as well as one of the leaders of the Lumumba Institute, which was inaugurated by President Kenyatta in Nairobi last December.

But Pio Pinto was principally a man who throughout his life fought for the victory of freedom and socialism. At the death of Pio Pinto, Oginga Odinga, Vice President of Kenya, declared: "Even in defeat, imperialism will continue its underground struggle to divide the African people. Pio Pinto, as Lumumba, was murdered because he opposed all forms of neo-colonialism in Africa and opted for an equal distribution of wealth, according to the principles of African socialism." Thus, Pio Pinto, martyr of the social revolution in Africa, will remain forever in our memories as a hero of Africa. And those who murdered him must know that their crime will not be able to stop the victory of Africa. The work of Pio Pinto will be continued by those who also fight for the construction of a free and popular Africa. To his wife and children, to his parents and brothers, the Central Committee of FRELIMO extends their deepest sympathy. FRELIMO'S DELEGATION TO THE UN The Central Committee of FRELIMO decided to send a delegation to the United Nations last month, composed of Brothers Jaime Sigauke (Head of the Delegation), Lazaro Kavandame and Jorge Rebello. Their specific mission was to present a petition against Portugal to the Fourth Committee of the organisation. The postponement of the General Assembly until next September did not allow our delegation to petition. However, among their activities at the UN and in New York, two occurrances are particularly important: 1. F1REIMO-waa. heard by the African Group (of the OAU) at thd UN. At a meeting called for that expressed purpose, our representatives told the African delegates of the present situation in Mozambique, exposing all the problems related to our struggle, explaining the development of the Mozambican revolution and stressing the popular nature of-our struggle. The African ambassadors, through the President of the session, reaffirmed the solidarity of all the peoples of Africa with our struggle, and saluted the heroic Mozambican people and FRELIMO, promising to communicate our problems to their respective governments. 2. Our delegation tried also to contact the members of the American government who deal specifically with African matters. We wanted them to tell us directly and personally what their position is concerning our struggle. We wanted to tell them that the aris ,they give to Portugal are being captured by our militants in Mozambique and used by us against the troops of Salazar; and that those arms, being very efficient, are contributing to the success of our revolution, which we deeply appreciate. The American government, however, refused to receive us. They told us that a member of the State Department would meet us privately, secretly at a hotel or restaurant, but not officially. We refused, of course. FRELIMO is not at all interested in secret talks with the American government. (That preoccupation with secrecy became understandable when we learned that an American mission, composed of functionaries of the American State Department, was going to Mozambique. That mission, in fact, arrived in Lourengo Marques at the beginning of this month for a long visit, during which they will travel as far as the north of the colony. We assume, thorefore, that among other reasons, it was fear of Salazar's reaction that determined this attitude of the American government.) THE I.C.C.J. DENOUNCES PORTUGUESE COLONIALISM Last January, we received a letter from the International Committee for Cooperation of Journalists, in which that organisation promised full support to our struggle. "We engage to mobilise our resources in support of your information service. We shall invite our friends and the professional journalistic organisations of all countries to express, actively, their support to you, thus breaking the wall of silence and facilitating the diffusion of objective information." We have already had concrete manifestations of that support. Last February, t e International Committee for Cooperation of Journalists sent to the Commission on the Rights of Man of the United Nations and to the international and national organisations of journalists the following letter: Sirs: The news that reaches us from Lourengo Marques and information in the world press tell of the increase in "mopping-up" operations and colonialist repression which have claimed large numbers of victims in Mozambique, These sources tell us that lately the arrests have touched particularly the world of the intellectuals.

10. We alert the Commission on the Rights of Man of the United Nations, international and national organisations of journalists and world public opinion. We denounce the Portuguese colonialist terror, which continues to destroy human lives, trampling on the resolutions of the UN and the Universal Declaration of the Rights of Man, persecuting whoever demands liberty and independence and the end of racialism and forced labour. We invite professional press organisations to intervene with the Portuguese government for the end of genocide and to demand respect for human dignity. Freedom of information and of the press is a fundamental human right and the basis of all liberties honoured in the UN Charter and proclaimed in the Universal Declaration of the Rights of Man. Selfdetermination is defined by the UN Declaration of 1960 as "the right, inherent to all peoples, to determine their political status and to pursue freely their economic, social and cultural development." In Mozambique, to recall only two aspects of colonial domination, torture and forced labour are widely used. In general, those who have visited Mozambique,when they talk about torture in articles or interviews, refer to two forms of this barbarism which are most common: The "palmatoria" and the "chicote". The palmatoria consists ' the violent beating of the hands with a special racket which wou'ids the flesh deeply. At the end of 20 strokes (in general, the miniaur) the hand has become a mass of blood. This"correction, wlhich according to the colonialists is "the only language that black men understand", takes place publicly to humiliate the "guilty" and "to give an example". The Chicote consists of whipping the guilty as used to be done to slaves. There are other types of torture widely practised in Mozambique: deep incisions with a piece of glass (mainly on the face), burning of the soles of the feet with branding irons, electric shocks, to close the lips by making holes through which a padlock is inserted, to imprison a man for several weeks in a tiny cell where it is impossible to sleep or even to sit down, The exploitation of the workers and even of children through forced labour touches thousands of victims, dividing the majority of families for many years. This practise has already been denounced at the UN and by the International Labour Organisation. We ask you to express your support to and your solidarity with the journalists of Mozambique and the Mozambican people who fight for their liberty and independence and to put an end to fascist oppression. Thanking you in advance, we send you our most cordial good wishes. The Secretariat of the I.C.C.J. (Dante Cruicchi)

Il. Message sent by the President of the Presidium of the Central Committee of the South Vietnam National Front for Liberation. To the Mozambique Liberation Front Dear Friends: We sincerely thank you for your warm congratulations expressing your solidarity with and active support for the just, patriotic struggle of the South Vietnamese people on the occasion of the fourth anniversary of the founding of the South Vietnam National Front for Liberation, the International Day of Solidarity with the South Vietnamese people. Your concern and wholehearted support are manifestations of the international solidarity and close friendship shown by the African people and the peace, freedom and justice-loving people the world over to the South Vietnamese people who are thus strongly inspired in their struggle against the US imperialist aggressors ans their henchmen for the liberation of South Vietnam and eventual peaceful reunification of the Fatherland. With their resolute struggle, and enjoying the sympathy and the strong support of the people throughout the world, the South Vietnamese people are confident that they will certainly defeat the US imperialists and their agents and win final victory, thereby contributing to the movement for national liberation and in defense of peace in Southeast Asia and the world. While thanking you once again, we wish you new successes in the struggle against imperialism, colonialism and nee-colonialism for winning and consolidating national independence, thus contributing to the defense of peace in Africa and the world. Yours sincerely, South Vietnam, January 20, 1965 Lawyer NGUYEN HUU THO President of the Presidium of the Central Committee of the South Vietnam National Front for Liberation Copy of a telegram from President Gamal Abdul Nasser sent to the FRELIMO representative in Cairo. IT IS WITH APPRECIATION THAT I RECEIVED THE KIND MESSAGE WHICH CONVEYED IN THE NAuIE OF YOUR ORGANISATION AND ON BEHALF OF THE PEOPLE OF MOZAMBIQUE SINCEREST FEELINGS ON THE OCCASION OF MY RENOMINATION PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC. MAY THE ALMIGHTY GOD

GUIDE US FOR THE GOOD AND GLORY OF THE AFRICAN CONTINENT. I SEND YOU, BOTH THE MEMBERS OF THE ORGANISATION AND THE PEOPLE OF MOZAMBIQUE, MOST HEARTFELT THANKS COUPLED WITH BEST WISHES. GAMMAL ABDEL ASSER ANNUAL CONGRESS OF THE NATIONAL UNION OF TANGANYIKA WORKERS NUTA's annual congress is presently taking place in Dar es Salaam, FRELIMO would like to take this opportunity to express to NUTA the solidarity of the people and workers of Mozambique, and to wish the congress the most complete success in its work. FRELIMO is aware of the importance of trade unions for the progress of countries. It is through a common and conscious effort of all workers that the conditons for the construction of an economic and social structure can be created, through which any new attempt at penetration by imperialism and nee-colonialism is fatally condemned to defeat, That structure has already been created in Tanzania due to the work of NUTA, raising the level of political consciousness in the workers, giving them awareness of their dignity, stimulating their interest in their work by making them feel that they ara uorl;ing for the development of their country. The progress of Tanzania is an important step for the victory of socialism in Africa. Long live solidarity between the workers of Tanzania and Mozambique! LONG LIVE NUTA! LONG LIVE TANZANIA! PORTUGUESE FORCED TO ADMIT WAR Our armed struggle has expanded to such an extent that it is impossible for the Portuguese to deny it. As it happened in Angola and so-called Portuguese Guinea, the Portuguese military command in Mozambique issues regular communiques in which they refer to the deaths of Portuguese soldiers in battle, "victims of attacks launched in Mozambique by elements coming from the exterior" and "sold to Moscow". The number of soldiers they announce as being killed has no relation to the real number. However, the simple fact that they admit " deaths in the fight" is in itself symptomatic, and at the same time it destroys the Portuguese claims of " absolute calm and peace in Mozambique".

13. A Portuguese communique of 26 February notices that "a group of terrorists ambushed a small unit of our troops in the Mueda region. As a result, two of our soldiers died' On the 5, 21 and 23 March the Portuguese military authorities announced the death of 3 more Portuguese soldiers. On the 12 March, in another communique, the Portuguese Command declared: " . A small convoy of military cars passing through the plateau of Mueda was attacked by a group of terrorists. The attack caused the loss of 4 of our troops. They were: Joao Caeiro, Antonio Pombinho, Manuel Alves Oliveira, and Filipe Bernardino Anastacio." THE STRUGGLE IN THE OTHER PORTUGUESE COLONIES GUINEA The PAIGC, which already has a regular army, has achieved important succes in their struggle against the Portuguese colonialist troops. On the 22 January nationalist soldiers attacked and destroyed the Portuguese headquarters of Guidage. Thirty Portuguese soldiers were killed in that operation, and a large quantity of war materials was captured. On the 26 January one other unit of the PAIGO attacked the Headquarters of Barros, on the Cacheu river basin. The attack, that began at night, extended until early in the morning. A great part of the buildings were destroyed, and many Portuguese soldiers killed and wounded. On the 30 January, in the region of Boe, a special group of the people's army equiped with bazookas destroyed two military cars carrying 40 Portuguese soldiers. Thirty-eight of the Port. soldiers were killed during the fight. On the 16 February the popular forces attacked the Portuguese troops at Orebunde and Oredobe, killing 12 Portuguese soldiers, wounding many others and capturing one radio-transmitter, 13 Mauser riffles and other material. ANGOLA The military activity of the nationalists in Angola has been very intensive. in the zone of Congonegongo the colonialist troops were badly defeated in an attack that caused them heavy losses, in spite of the fact that they were supported by the airforce. Many attacks have also taken place in Dembos, Anguilo river, Massongola, Ucua and Donga. In the Cazungo mountain range, the Angolan freedom fighters inflicted serious losses to a Portuguese unit who attacked them. ***