Deckblatt Einer Wissenschaftlichen Bachelorarbeit

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Deckblatt Einer Wissenschaftlichen Bachelorarbeit Deckblatt einer wissenschaftlichen Bachelorarbeit Familienname: Vorname: Matrikelnummer: Studienkennzahl: Thema der Arbeit: Angefertigt in der Lehrveranstaltung: Name der Lehrveranstaltung Vorgelegt am: Datum Beurteilt durch: Leiter_in der Lehrveranstaltung Leitfaden für schriftliche Arbeiten an der KUG (laut Beschluss des Senats vom 18. Juni 2019) Seite 1 von 1 UNIVERSITY OF MUSIC AND PERFORMING ARTS GRAZ Institute 1: Composition, Music Theory, Music History and Conducting WAIT For Trio and Dance Author: Aria Esmaeili Torkanbouri Type of Work: Bachelor Thesis University of Music and Performing arts Graz Institute 1: Composition, Music Theory, Music History and Conducting Study: Composition and Music Theory Supervisor: Univ. Prof. Privatdozent Clemens Gadenstaetter Date: February 2020 1 Table of Contents 1. Introduvtion ................................................................................................................................ 5 2. Idea and Form ............................................................................................................................. 5 2.1. Idea ...................................................................................................................................... 5 2.2. Gholam-Hossein Saedi (under pen name Gohar Morad) ....................................................... 5 2.3. Wait Pantomime .................................................................................................................. 6 2.4. Form .................................................................................................................................... 6 3. Composition Techniques ............................................................................................................. 8 3.1. “A” Part ................................................................................................................................ 8 3.1.1. Gesture .......................................................................................................................... 8 3.1.2. Dynamic, Tempo and Sound Range ................................................................................ 9 3.1.3. Short infromation about Azerbaijan Classical Music ....................................................... 9 3.1.3.1. Uzeyir Hajibayli ...................................................................................................... 9 3.1.3.1. Gara Garayev ....................................................................................................... 10 3.1.4. Harmonic ..................................................................................................................... 11 3.1.5. Instrument Techniques ................................................................................................ 12 3.1.5.1. Flute .................................................................................................................... 12 3.1.5.2. Accordion ............................................................................................................ 13 3.1.5.1. Flute .................................................................................................................... 13 3.2. “B1” Part ............................................................................................................................ 14 3.2.1. Gesture ........................................................................................................................ 14 3.2.2. Harmonic ..................................................................................................................... 14 3.2.3. Dynamic, Tempo, Rhythm and Sound Range ............................................................... 17 3.2.4. Instrument Techniques ................................................................................................ 17 3.2.4.1. Flute .................................................................................................................... 17 3.2.4.2. Cello .................................................................................................................... 17 3.3. “A`” Part ............................................................................................................................. 17 3.3.1. Gesture ................................................................................................................... 17 3.3.2. Harmonic ................................................................................................................. 18 3.4. “B2” Part ............................................................................................................................ 20 3.5. Coda .................................................................................................................................. 21 2 4. Conclusion .................................................................................................................................. 22 5. References ................................................................................................................................... 23 3 Abstract Music and movement have been long closely related. A Movement that generates music, or the music that creates movement, Who’s bond results in an art work which visually connects with the subject. Aesthetics in contemporary art is identified very uniquely in comparison with old times. Specially with expansion of interactions amongst cultures in the last 20 years, this diversity has been exquisite. Sometimes, we encounter art works that are in complete opposition to one another, yet they have their own logical and emotional path through which they interact with their audience. As a result of the current situation, finding a common stance between two different culture or intellectual approaches face difficulties. Understanding the intellectual concerns generated from every regions’ society and culture faces difficulties due to various reasons. This difficulty results in a much more complex climate in the contemporary global art. The connection between music and movement in the past encountered more specified metric, rhythmic, form rules. Having a common order and form is very important in this connection, and inconsistencies of any sorts will result in the loss of common aesthetics and destination. It appears that in order to find this musical and movement order and form, we need to know more about the social, political, and cultural intellects of the different countries and ethnics. Ethno- musicological and anthropological along with theoretical studies can greatly contribute to this objective. “Wait” attempts to find a common audiovisual and movement stance between the cultures of middle Asian and the contemporary musical techniques in the current social and political situation of today’s world. 4 1. Introduction The present text attempts to analyze the aesthetics, composing techniques and form of the musical piece “Wait” regarding the act or dance. “Wait” is inspired by the social, political events of not only the Middle East but also the whole world; that is experiencing an absorbing traumas. A condition caused by a system that has led human beings as the main and influencing pillars in the globe to a state of being between life and death, and wait is one of the main components of this situation. This art work is also generated from the formic and audiovisual structures of culture and beliefs of the middle Asian nations, specially Turkic ethnicities of the region. These structures are to be pointed out in terms of auditory and structural form analysis through the article. “Wait” terms of instrument has been composed for trio flute, accordion, and cello. Methodologically speaking, the triad compound has deep meaning in middle Asia, especially amongst the Turkic (Shamanism) and Sumerian ethnicities. Through the article, there will be more references to the triad compounds and structures. 2. Idea and Form 2.1. Idea: The main idea and form of this work is derived from “Wait” the mute performance (pantomime). “Wait” is one of the 10 pantomime plays written under title of “Dah Lalbazi” (Ten Pantomimes) in 1342 Hijri (1964) by Gholam Hossein Saedi, who was an Azerbaijani-Iranian psychiatrist, play writer and writer. This piece of writing dates back to an important social and political period in Iranian history, that resulted in the collapse of the Iranian Pahlavi dynasty. 2.2.Gholam-Hossein Saedi (under pen name Gohar Morad): Gholam-Hossein Saedi (born on 1314 Hijri (1936) in Tabriz; deseased on 1364 Hijri (1986) in Paris), he began his political activities with the Azerbaijan Democratic Union and when 18 years old, he was prisoned in charge of the cooperation with the union for independence by the Pahlavi regime. He learned to write short stories when he studied medicine in Tabriz through interacting with people such as Samad Behrangi and Gholam-Hossein Farnoud. He graduated in psychiatry in Figure 1: Gholamhossein Saedi Tehran and became specialist psychologist. He eventually abandoned psychology in favor of writing after years of friendship and acquaintance with men like Jalal Ale-Ahmad, Ahmad Shamloo and other writers. Saedi’s specialized knowledge of psychology and human psyche had 5 a great influence over his writing ability from a social and political perspective. Saedi got arrested by Savak1 in 1353 Hijri (1975) and served in prison. He had to leave Iran after the revolution at 1357 Hijri (1979) and he died in 1364 (1986), in Paris. He rests
Recommended publications
  • About the Artistic and Performing Features of Violin Works Gara Garayev About the Artistic and Performing Features of Violin Works of Gara Garayev
    CEYLA GANİOĞLU CEYLA ABOUT THE ARTISTIC AND PERFORMING FEATURES OF VIOLIN WORKS OF GARA GARAYEV OF VIOLIN WORKS GARA AND PERFORMING FEATURES ARTISTIC THE ABOUT ABOUT THE ARTISTIC AND PERFORMING FEATURES OF VIOLIN WORKS OF GARA GARAYEV Art Proficiency Thesis by CEYLA GANİOĞLU Department of Bilkent University 2019 Music İhsan Doğramacı Bilkent University Ankara May 2019 ABOUT THE ARTISTIC AND PERFORMING FEATURES OF VIOLIN WORKS OF GARA GARAYEV The Graduate School of Economics and Social Sciences of İhsan Doğramacı Bilkent University by CEYLA GANİOĞLU In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of ART PROFICIENCY IN MUSIC THE DEPARTMENT OF MUSIC İHSAN DOĞRAMACI BİLKENT UNIVERSITY ANKARA May 2019 ABSTRACT ABOUT THE ARTISTIC AND PERFORMING FEATURES OF VIOLIN WORKS OF GARA GARAYEV Ganioğlu, Ceyla Proficiency in Music, Department of Music Supervisor: Prof. Gürer Aykal May 2019 Garayev’s unique talents of music opened a new page in Azerbaijan’s music of 20th century. He adapted an untypical way of making music in which he was able to combine the traditional and the modern type. There are several substances that were brought in music of Azerbaijan by Garayev such as new themes, new images, and new means of composing. He achieved success not only in the areas of the national ballet, choral, and chamber music but also panned out well considering sonata for violin and piano and the violin concerto. These works represents main aspects and characteristics of Garayev’s music like implementation of national traditions while applying new methods of the 20th century, specifically neo-classicism and serial technique. In both sonata for violin and piano and the violin concerto, he reflects a perspective of synthesis of the two musical systems that are the Eastern and the Western.
    [Show full text]
  • Research and Tradition
    RESEARCH AND TRADITION Article received on February 23rd 2017 Article accepted on 10th March 2017 UDC: 78.071.1:929 Денисов E. B. Bogumila Mika * University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland Department of Fine Art and Music Institute of Music ‘BENEATH THE SHADOW OF POLITICS’. RECEPTION OF THE MUSIC OF EDISON DENISOV IN POLAND Abstract: The music of Russian composer Edison Denisov was frequently presented in the Warsaw Autumn festival. Between 1964 and 2005, Polish audiences heard his pieces 21 times, including three world premieres. This music was widely received, especially in the 1960s and the 1970s, when Polish culture was strongly influenced by politics. The following decades brought changes in the context of politics and style in the arts, but Denisov’s compositions continued to be performed in Warsaw. The aim of this paper is to present the opinions formulated by Polish music critics as evidence about the reception of Denisov’s music. Key words: Edison Denisov, reception, the Warsaw Autumn festival, critics, avant-garde, Russian music. * Author contact information: [email protected] 139 New Sound 49,1/2017 The political context in post-war Poland After the Second World War, all culture in Poland, including musical culture, was rigorously controlled by politics. The communist authorities imposed their doctrine of art, so-called ‘socialist realism’. The infamous conference in Lagôw Lubuski in Western Poland in 1949 officially condemned ‘musical formalism’ and proclaimed that only socialist realistic music could be written. Political pressure prohibited artistic contacts with the West, including coop­ eration with foreign artists. Polish culture gradually became isolated from West­ ern culture and art.
    [Show full text]
  • History of Azerbaijan (Textbook)
    DILGAM ISMAILOV HISTORY OF AZERBAIJAN (TEXTBOOK) Azerbaijan Architecture and Construction University Methodological Council of the meeting dated July 7, 2017, was published at the direction of № 6 BAKU - 2017 Dilgam Yunis Ismailov. History of Azerbaijan, AzMİU NPM, Baku, 2017, p.p.352 Referents: Anar Jamal Iskenderov Konul Ramiq Aliyeva All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form by any means. Electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the copyright owner. In Azerbaijan University of Architecture and Construction, the book “History of Azerbaijan” is written on the basis of a syllabus covering all topics of the subject. Author paid special attention to the current events when analyzing the different periods of Azerbaijan. This book can be used by other high schools that also teach “History of Azerbaijan” in English to bachelor students, master students, teachers, as well as to the independent learners of our country’s history. 2 © Dilgam Ismailov, 2017 TABLE OF CONTENTS Foreword…………………………………….……… 9 I Theme. Introduction to the history of Azerbaijan 10 II Theme: The Primitive Society in Azerbaijan…. 18 1.The Initial Residential Dwellings……….............… 18 2.The Stone Age in Azerbaijan……………………… 19 3.The Copper, Bronze and Iron Ages in Azerbaijan… 23 4.The Collapse of the Primitive Communal System in Azerbaijan………………………………………….... 28 III Theme: The Ancient and Early States in Azer- baijan. The Atropatena and Albanian Kingdoms.. 30 1.The First Tribal Alliances and Initial Public Institutions in Azerbaijan……………………………. 30 2.The Kingdom of Manna…………………………… 34 3.The Atropatena and Albanian Kingdoms………….
    [Show full text]
  • Land of Music Festivals
    Following tradition Azerbaijan – land of music festivals Lala HUSEYNOVA PhD in Arts THE LAND OF FIRE… AZERBAIJAN HAS BEEN KNOWN AS SUCH FROM TIME IMMEMORIAL, AND THERE ARE MANY REASONS FOR THAT. BUT WE WILL TALK ABOUT A COMPLETELY DIFFERENT FAME THAT THIS DEVELOPING AND FASCINATING LAND IS GRADUALLY EARNING ITSELF. THE LAND OF MUSIC FESTIVALS – tHIS IS HOW AZERBAIJAn’S CURRENT MUSICAL AND CUL- TURAL REALITIES CAN BE DESCRIBED IF WE WERE TO PARAPHRASE THE WELL-KNOWN PHRASE. least one traditional mu- sic festival is conducted in AtAzerbaijan every season. The participants and guests of the second “Space of Mugham” interna- tional festival, held over the spring holidays of Novruz (the first was held in 2009), are convinced that it was one of the most successful international projects on the traditional music of the East. This has largely been pos- sible thanks to the initiator and main sponsor of the festival, the Heydar Aliyev Foundation led by its President, the Goodwill Ambassador of UNESCO and ISESCO, Mehriban Aliyeva. As was the case during the first festival, the 34 www.irs-az.com Azerbaijan – land of music festivals capital Baku became a venue for a re- The festival was joined by vocalists the energy of life, but also the blos- cord number of music events for the and instrumentalists from Azerbaijan som of art and creative inspiration. eight days (14-21 March) of the festi- and foreign countries, including the The upcoming summer season is val. Art enthusiasts had the opportu- USA, Canada, France, Peru, Ecuador, promising to be no less interesting in nity to see the world’s first Mugham Turkey, Uzbekistan, Iran, Iraq, Egypt, terms of music events.
    [Show full text]
  • Musical and Dramatic Features of Choral Scenes in the Operas of Azerbaijani Composers
    Journal of Critical Reviews ISSN-2394-5125 Vol 7, Issue 7, 2020 MUSICAL AND DRAMATIC FEATURES OF CHORAL SCENES IN THE OPERAS OF AZERBAIJANI COMPOSERS Ayten Babaeva Baku Music Academy named after Uzeyir Hajibayli Azerbaijan, Baku [email protected] Received: 11.02.2020 Revised: 03.03.2020 Accepted: 17.04.2020 Abstract The presented article is devoted to the musical and dramatic features of choral scenes in the operas of Azerbaijani composers. The paper considers the long-term development of Azerbaijani national operas from operas of mugamat the beginning of the 19th to the 20th century some aspects are found in the context of European and national traditions. Also, the domestic operas of Azerbaijan paid attention to the features of choral scenes, some principles of development, and the richness of the musical language. In particular, the law of updating the dramaturgy of choral scenes in Azerbaijani operas at the level of content and musical language was emphasized. The article classifies Azerbaijani operas by content and considers drama, the principle of structure, features of the musical style, the artistic character of images in the analysis of choral scenes in lyric-dramatic, literary-historical, satirical and patriotic operas. The unique qualities and role of choral scenes in Azerbaijani national operas were also presented. Keywords: Azerbaijan National Opera, musical and dramatic features of choral scenes, mugam opera, lyrical and tragic opera, satirical opera, patriotic opera, musical and exciting art. © 2020 by Advance Scientific Research. This is an open-access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.31838/jcr.07.07.87 INTRODUCTION.
    [Show full text]
  • Baku, the Philharmonic and Shostakovich
    D O C U M E N T A R Y I I I Baku, The Philharmonic and Shostakovich Aida Huseynova On January 27, 2004 a quite special event took place in Baku, A z e r b a i j a n ’s capital: the Azerbaijan State Philharmonic Hall opened after seven years of complete renovation. A splendid ceremony was held in the presence of Ilham A l i y e v, President of the Azerbaijan Republic and other dignitaries. A z e r b a i j a n ’s State Symphonic Orchestra conducted by Rauf Abdullayev also performed works by local composers - big names of the twentieth century in fact - namely which Azerbaijan passed during the common words heard at school at the Uzeyir Hajibeyov, Kara Karaev and past century: N i k o l a y e v s k a y a ( i n end of each day. Baku Philharmonic Fikrat A m i r o v. honour of the last Russian Ts a r, Nicolas had a reputation as one of the best II), Kommunisticheskaya (each city or concert halls in the Soviet Union. The Then came a solo performance by even a small village in the Soviet Union beauty of its architectural design and Mstislav (‘Slava’) Rostropovich of had a street named corresponding to the i n t e r i o r, the perfect acoustics, the B a c h ’s S a r a b a n d e from the Suite No. ruling party) and now I s t i g l a l i y y a t intellect and Eastern warmth of the 3 followed by the premiere of a piece (‘Independence’, in Azerbaijani).
    [Show full text]
  • Bibliographie Der Filmmusik: Ergänzungen II (2014–2020)
    Repositorium für die Medienwissenschaft Hans Jürgen Wulff; Ludger Kaczmarek Bibliographie der Filmmusik: Ergänzungen II (2014– 2020) 2020 https://doi.org/10.25969/mediarep/14981 Veröffentlichungsversion / published version Buch / book Empfohlene Zitierung / Suggested Citation: Wulff, Hans Jürgen; Kaczmarek, Ludger: Bibliographie der Filmmusik: Ergänzungen II (2014–2020). Westerkappeln: DerWulff.de 2020 (Medienwissenschaft: Berichte und Papiere 197). DOI: https://doi.org/10.25969/mediarep/14981. Erstmalig hier erschienen / Initial publication here: http://berichte.derwulff.de/0197_20.pdf Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Dieser Text wird unter einer Creative Commons - This document is made available under a creative commons - Namensnennung - Nicht kommerziell - Keine Bearbeitungen 4.0/ Attribution - Non Commercial - No Derivatives 4.0/ License. For Lizenz zur Verfügung gestellt. Nähere Auskünfte zu dieser Lizenz more information see: finden Sie hier: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ Medienwissenschaft: Berichte und Papiere 197, 2020: Filmmusik: Ergänzungen II (2014–2020). Redaktion und Copyright dieser Ausgabe: Hans J. Wulff u. Ludger Kaczmarek. ISSN 2366-6404. URL: http://berichte.derwulff.de/0197_20.pdf. CC BY-NC-ND 4.0. Letzte Änderung: 19.10.2020. Bibliographie der Filmmusik: Ergänzungen II (2014–2020) Zusammengestell !on "ans #$ %ul& und 'udger (aczmarek Mit der folgenden Bibliographie stellen wir unseren Leser_innen die zweite Fortschrei- bung der „Bibliographie der Filmmusik“ vor die wir !""# in Medienwissenschaft: Berichte und Papiere $#% !""#& 'rgänzung )* +,% !"+-. begr/ndet haben. 1owohl dieser s2noptische 3berblick wie auch diverse Bibliographien und Filmographien zu 1pezialproblemen der Filmmusikforschung zeigen, wie zentral das Feld inzwischen als 4eildisziplin der Musik- wissenscha5 am 6ande der Medienwissenschaft mit 3bergängen in ein eigenes Feld der Sound Studies geworden ist.
    [Show full text]
  • Presentation Scrolable Compressed
    Welcome to Baku, Azerbaijan Country is the part of Silk Road, situated at the crossroads of Southwest Asia and Southeastern Europe. Land Area: 82,629 km2 Water Area: 3,971 km2 Total Area: 86,600km2 (#111) World Heritage Sites in Azerbaijan ATESHGAH FIRE TEMPLE (6th c.) State Historical Architectural Reserve Burning natural gas outlets Ancient Persian Temple for re worshipers ICHERISHEHER (Old City) Maiden Tower, Karvan Saray Ukhara, Karvan Saray Multani Baku Khan's Residence Shirvan Shahs' Palace, Aga-Mikhail bath house Double Gates, Old Mosques GOBUSTAN 6,000 Rock engraving Dated between 5,000 and 40,000 years ago. Caves, Settlements, Mud Volcanoes Baku Multicultural City MUSEUMS AND CULTURE CENTERS: Heydar Aliyev Cultural Centre Museum of Azerbaijan History Mugam Centre Carpet Museum Opera and Ballet Theater Museum of Modern Art CITY SIGHTS: Flame Towers Crystal Hall Flag Square Baku Eye Baku Boulevard ENTERTAINMENT: Art Galleries, IMAX cinema National and International Restaurants/Cafes/Bars SHOPPING: Port Baku Mall, Ganjlik Mall 28 Mall, Park Bulvar Mall Neftchilar Avenue, Metropark Mall Azerbaijani Cuisine MEAT: Kebab, Dolma, Levengi, Gutab, Piti FISH: Sturgeon, Black Caviar, Trout SOUPS: Doushbara, Dovgha, Bozbash PLOV: 40 Different types VEGETERIAN: Kuku (egg), Gutab (greens) Pumpkin rice, vegetable kebab SWEETS: Shekerbura, Pakhlava, Sheker Chorek FRUITS: Pomegranate, Persimmon Flame Towers • FAIRMONT BAKU brings 299 guest rooms, suites and 19 serviced apartments including Fairmont Gold • BUSINESS TOWER with 35 000 m2 working
    [Show full text]
  • Azerbaijan/Azerbaïdjan
    BIENNIAL MEMBERSHIP REPORT for the period 2010-2011 NATIONAL MUSIC COUNCILS for presentation to the 34th IMC General Assembly Tallinn, September 30 – October 1, 2011 You are kindly requested to complete and return this report to the Paris Secretariat not later than August 29, 2011. In order to facilitate the compilation of activity reports, we strongly recommend that the document does not exceed 6 pages. PART I: YOUR ORGANISATION 1. Name of organisation: The National Music Committee of Azerbaijan 2. Mission of the organisation: To promote music heritage and contemporary music of Azerbaijan within the country and worldwide 3. Board of Directors/Executive Committee: [name, role within Board, name of organization(s) that the Board member represents or is affiliated with] Board of Directors 1. Lala Kazimova, President Ph.D. in Musicology, The Institute of Art and Architecture, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences 2. Aida Huseynova, Secretary General Ph.D. in Musicology, Baku Music Academy 3. Murad Adigozalzade Pianist, Honored Artist of Azerbaijan, Director of the Azerbaijan State Philhamonic 4. Salman Gambarov Jazz pianist and composer, Honored Artist of Azerbaijan 5. Jahangir Selimkhanov Musicologist, Arts & Culture Program Director, Soros Foundation, member of the European Cultural Parliament 6. Elshan Mansurov Kamancha [traditional instrument] performer, the Azerbaijan National Conservatory, Honored Artist of Azerbaijan 4. Membership Total number of members: Composition of membership Number of institutional members: 12 Number of individual members: 41 Other members (specify): n/a As per your estimation, how many persons does your organisation reach? 3000 5. Activities carried out since the last IMC GA (October 2009) Please list your activities related to a) advocacy and policy making n/a b) presentation or production Number of • conferences 0 • recordings 0 • live performances 1 • festivals 1 • workshops 1 • competitions 0 • prizes and awards 0 Please describe the main events.
    [Show full text]
  • Culture of Azerbaijan
    Administrative Department of the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan P R E S I D E N T I A L L I B R A R Y CULTURE OF AZERBAIJAN CONTENTS I. GENERAL INFORMATION............................................................................................................. 3 II. MATERIAL CULTURE ................................................................................................................... 5 III. MUSIC, NATIONAL MUSIC INSTRUMENTS .......................................................................... 7 Musical instruments ............................................................................................................................... 7 Performing Arts ....................................................................................................................................... 9 Percussion instruments ........................................................................................................................... 9 Wind instruments .................................................................................................................................. 12 Mugham as a national music of Azerbaijan ...................................................................................... 25 IV. FOLKLORE SONGS ..................................................................................................................... 26 Ashiqs of Azerbaijan ............................................................................................................................ 27 V. THEATRE,
    [Show full text]
  • Introduction to Azerbaijan VALIDATION COPY 1.0 JUNE 2007
    Introduction to Azerbaijan VALIDATION COPY 1.0 JUNE 2007 GEOGRAPHY Azerbaijan occupies the southeastern part of the Caucasus, descending to the Caspian Sea, between Iran and the Russian Federation (Dagestan). The country is located between Europe and Asia, as the Caucasus Mountains are the conventional border between the two continents. So, the northeast half is in Europe and the southwest half is in Asia. Bear this in mind when looking for Azerbaijan on a map or in a reference book since it may be classified under Europe or Asia. Azerbaijan is a member of the Council of Europe. Azeris like to describe the country as “shaped like an eagle”, with its “wings” spread on the Caucasus and its “head”, the Absheron Peninsula, over the Caspian Sea. Geographic co-ordinates: 40 30 N, 47 30 E (380 25"-410 55" of n.l. and 440 50"-500 52" e.l.) The time zone in Azerbaijan is GMT +4 Elevation extremes: -lowest point: Caspian Sea -28 m -highest point: Bazarduzu Dagi 4,466 m 1 CLIMATE Azerbaijan has a varied climate. It is subtropical and dry in central and eastern Azerbaijan, subtropical and humid in the southeast (Lenkoran lowlands), temperate along the shores of the Caspian Sea, and cold at the higher mountain elevations. In Baku the climate is cool in the winter, averaging 4°C (40 F) in January. Summers are hot (up to 40°C /112° F) and humid because of the sea. There are often strong winds, especially in winter. Snow rarely settles in the city. Spring and autumn are pleasant and there is a great deal of sunshine from April to October Because most of Azerbaijan receives scant rainfall - on average 152 (6”) to 254 (10”) millimeters annually - agricultural areas require irrigation.
    [Show full text]
  • Western Xenophobia Demonstrated in Karabakh
    Western xenophobia demonstrated in Karabakh The case of Karabakh has clearly demonstrated double standards of the Western civilization. Despite the conventional reasoning about the values of multiculturalism, the West sends the world an unambiguous message: Muslim sacred sites and cultural monuments can be destroyed, Christian ones – in no case! In May 1988 more than 90% of the 14,000 population of the city of Shusha [1] were Azerbaijanis. The city had 184 registered architectural monuments [2]. On May 8-9, 1992, Armenian militias captured the city of Shusha. Hovik Vardumyan, who fought on the Armenian side has published in 2012 a book dedicated to the occupation of Shusha [3]. He used the memoirs of other participants in the hostilities from the Armenian side and documents of the Armenian militias’ commanders. The tale of the events of May 8-9th, 1992 by Vardumyan includes the description of especially massive shelling of the city’s 18th century fortress and battles, which were fought in the area of the mosque [4]. On May 11th, 1992, the interim president of Azerbaijan, Yagub Mammadov, sent a missive to Russian President Boris Yeltsin. It said that “the city of Shusha is practically destroyed” [5]. In the same month, the Minister of Culture of Azerbaijan, Polad Bulbuloglu, sent messages to UNESCO Director Frederic Mayor, to the Secretary General of the International Council of Museums Elisabeth de Port, as well as to the Ministers of Culture of European countries [6]. The message contained a request to protect cultural and historical monuments of Shusha. The Azerbaijani minister indicated the following: “In this once beautiful city – resort, rich in monuments of ancient architecture and art, museums of the history of the city and Karabakh, memorial museums of the founders of Azerbaijani professional music and vocal art Uzeyir Hajibeyov and Bul-Bul, a branch of the State Carpet Museum, Shusha art gallery were created.
    [Show full text]