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Giant Mine 2008 EEM-Report and Appendiices

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Giant Mine 2008 EEM-Report and Appendiices REPORT ON INDIAN AND NORTHERN AFFAIRS CANADA GIANT MINE ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS MONITORING PHASE 2 FINAL INTERPRETATIVE REPORT Submitted to: Environment Canada by: Indian and Northern Affairs Canada Yellowknife, Northwest Territories Prepared by: Golder Associates Ltd. 9, 4905-48 Street Yellowknife, NT X1A 3S3 DISTRIBUTION: 2 Copies - Indian and Northern Affairs Canada, Yellowknife, Northwest Territories 1 Copy - Denton’Cho/Nuna Joint Venture, Yellowknife, Northwest Territories 9 Copies - Environment Canada, Edmonton, Alberta 2 Copies - Golder Associates Ltd., Yellowknife, Northwest Territories 1 Copy - Aurora Research Institute, Northwest Territories June 2008 08-1328-0023 June 2008 - i - 08-1328-0023 Acknowledgements This report was prepared by Katherine Gerein, Travis Shepherd, Chris Fraikin and Hilary Machtans, and reviewed by Zsolt Kovats and Peter Chapman (Golder Associates Ltd.). We would like to thank Brendan Galloway, Sharon Vogel, Allison op der Heijde, Alison Ondrack, Kristy Todd, Brady Balicki and Jill LaPorte (Golder Associates Ltd.), Bill Mitchell, Jamie Lariviere, Gila Somers (Indian and Northern Affairs Canada), Tara Kramers and Ron Connell (Deton’Cho/Nuna Joint Venture) for their assistance with this project and review of this report. Golder Associates and Indian and Northern Affairs Canada also wish to thank the members of the Technical Advisory Panel (TAP) for their valuable suggestions and comments. The study design in this document reflects input and review provided by the TAP during meetings held on May 24, 2006 and the TAP site visit July 20, 2006. The TAP members for the Giant Mine Environmental Effects Monitoring Program are Shelly Boss (Environment Canada, Edmonton), Anne Wilson (Environment Canada, Yellowknife), Chris Baron (Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Winnipeg), Janpeter Lennie-Misgeld (Mackenzie Valley Land and Water Board, Yellowknife), and Mike Palmer (Indian and Northern Affairs Canada, Yellowknife). Suggested Citation: Golder Associates. 2008. Indian and Northern Affairs Canada Giant Mine Environmental Effects Monitoring Phase 2 Final Interpretative Report. Prepared for Indian and Northern Affairs Canada by Golder Associates Ltd., Yellowknife, NT. 144 p. + appendices and photoplates. Golder Associates June 2008 - ii - 08-1328-0023 Executive Summary Giant Mine is a former gold mine located approximately 5 km north of the City of Yellowknife, Northwest Territories, at a latitude of 62°31’N and longitude of 114°21’W. When former owner Royal Oak Mines Ltd. was assigned into receivership in 1999, the Ontario Court ordered the transfer of the Giant Mine property from the interim receiver to INAC. Immediately, the property was sold to Miramar Giant Mine Ltd. in December 1999. To accomplish the sale, Miramar signed a Reclamation Security Arrangement with INAC and the company was indemnified for the existing environmental conditions of the site Ore mined from 1999 to July 2004 was trucked to Miramar Con Mine Ltd. in Yellowknife, where it was processed. In July 2004, operations ceased at Giant Mine and MGML gave the required notice to INAC that they would terminate their obligations under the Reclamation Security Agreement. Subsequently, Miramar Giant Mine Limited left site. INAC is leading the effort to close and reclaim the property. Final approvals for a closure plan are expected once an environmental assessment has been completed. According to the Metal Mining Effluent Regulations (MMER), Giant Mine is required to conduct monitoring studies on potential effects of the Giant Mine’s treated effluent discharge into Baker Creek. Giant Mine completed its first Environmental Effects Monitoring (EEM) report on June 6, 2005. A study design for Phase 2 of the EEM was submitted in January 2006. Golder Associates Ltd. conducted the Final Biological Monitoring Study for EEM in July 2006. This document is the Final Interpretative Report for Phase 2 and it presents the methods, results, and interpretation of those results for the various components of the EEM program. The final discharge point for treated effluent from Giant Mine is into a pond that forms part of Baker Creek. Treated effluent flows down Baker Creek for approximately 3 km before entering Yellowknife Bay on Great Slave Lake. A breakwater at the mouth of Baker Creek has resulted in the formation of a marsh behind the breakwater. The water from Baker Creek flows through this marsh before entering Yellowknife Bay. The receiving environment for Giant Mine is defined as Baker Creek from the final discharge point to Yellowknife Bay, up to 785 m from the breakwater. Fish Survey A lethal field survey of slimy sculpin and a non-lethal survey of ninespine stickleback were conducted in Baker Creek (exposure area) and three locations on the Yellowknife River (reference areas). An assessment of age distribution, energy use and energy storage was performed on slimy sculpin of the two populations. A non-lethal assessment of survival and energy use was completed on ninespine stickleback. Golder Associates June 2008 - iii - 08-1328-0023 Slimy sculpin Because fish were in a post-spawning state, the state of maturity and sex and size of slimy sculpin were difficult to determine in the field. Accurate age determinations from otoliths were also difficult for these populations. To accommodate this reality, slimy sculpin were broadly categorized as Age 1 (to represent juveniles) or Age 2+ (to represent adult fish). Age 2+ slimy sculpin males and females were found to be smaller, and females younger, in the exposure area than fish in the reference area. All three groups of slimy sculpin (Age 1 and age 2+ males and females) had greater condition factors than reference fish. There were few Age 2+ male fish in the reference areas (five in reference area A and one in reference area B) and consequently caution is required when interpreting the results. However, the results were nonetheless comparable to those for female fish. The non-lethal analysis of all slimy sculpin captured showed that the condition factor of exposure fish was significantly larger than the reference areas (15%). Ninespine Stickleback Condition factor, length and weight in ninespine stickleback young-of-the-year fish were significantly higher in the exposure than the reference area. The condition factor of the reference fish matched that of reference fish from the Phase 1 study of ninespine stickleback from Horseshoe Bay Island as well as the condition factor of young ninespine stickleback from the Con Mine EEM study, which was completed within 10 km of this study. Summary of Fish Study Differences between the exposure area fish and reference area fish were detected. Condition factor was higher in exposure area fish for both sentinel species. There was a marked size difference in young ninespine stickleback between the exposure and reference areas that warrants further study. This Phase 2 FS is the first to have sufficient numbers of fish to determine effects on fish. This is also the first time that slimy sculpin have been used in an EEM study for Giant Mine. Despite some technical issues in sample size parity and age validation, the presence of this fish species and its future use as a study species in the area should allow for better future definition of fish effects in the exposure area. It is presently unclear whether the differences observed are caused by effluent, historical contaminants in the sediment and porewater or habitat differences, or a combination of these potential stressors. Future studies should continue to use slimy sculpin and stickleback together with appropriate refinements to the study areas to reduce habitat variability, to determine significance and causation. Invertebrate Community Survey The effects of present day effluent discharge on the invertebrate community in Baker Creek were assessed using artificial substrate samplers (Hester-Dendy multi-plate samplers). Artificial substrate samplers were deployed at stations within the exposure and reference areas, and were left to colonize for a period between 66 and 70 days. Data were summarized using various indices (e.g., Simpson’s evenness and diversity indices, Golder Associates June 2008 - iv - 08-1328-0023 Bray-Curtis index) and multivariate analysis, to determine effluent effects on the invertebrate community within Baker Creek. Based on this analysis, the effect of the mine discharge on invertebrates colonizing artificial substrates can be conservatively characterized as low. Analysis of the data collected in 2006 highlights the low level of effects observed on artificial substrates deployed in the water column, in comparison to the severe effects observed in bottom sediments by previous studies. These results suggest that historical sediment contamination likely poses a greater risk to benthic invertebrates in Yellowknife Bay than the periodic discharge of treated mine effluent. Effluent Toxicity In 2006, sub-lethal and acute toxicity testing of Giant Mine effluent was conducted. Sub- lethal toxicity responses were observed in Ceriodaphnia dubia, Lemna minor and Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata. Giant Mine effluent was not found to be acutely toxic to rainbow trout or Daphnia magna. Sub-lethal toxicity effects are likely to occur throughout Baker Creek and marginally into Great Slave Lake. Summary The Phase 2 EEM study showed statistically and ecologically significant differences in fish and benthic invertebrates in the Baker Creek exposure area versus a reference area. Sub-lethal toxicity to aquatic organisms exists
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