General Assembly Distr.: General 19 May 2011

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

General Assembly Distr.: General 19 May 2011 United Nations A/HRC/17/30/Add.1 General Assembly Distr.: General 19 May 2011 English/French/Spanish only Human Rights Council Seventeenth session Agenda item 3 Promotion and protection of all human rights, civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights, including the right to development Report of the Special Rapporteur on independence of judges and lawyers, Gabriela Knaul Addendum Summary of information, including individual cases, transmitted to Governments and replies received* * The present report is circulated as received. GE.11-13268 A/HRC/17/30/Add.1 Contents Paragraphs Page I. Introduction............................................................................................................. 1–4 4 II. Statistical data ......................................................................................................... 5–16 4 III. Summary of cases transmitted and replies received................................................ 17–1312 25 Argentina ................................................................................................................ 17–30 25 Bahrain ................................................................................................................ 31–54 26 Bangladesh.............................................................................................................. 55–76 30 Belarus ................................................................................................................ 77–101 34 Bolivia ................................................................................................................ 102–166 37 Cambodia ................................................................................................................ 167–179 47 China (People’s Republic of) .................................................................................. 180–254 48 Colombia ................................................................................................................ 255–289 58 Democratic Republic of Congo............................................................................... 290–296 63 Egypt ................................................................................................................ 297–311 64 Equatorial Guinea.................................................................................................... 312–320 66 Guatemala ............................................................................................................... 321–345 67 Honduras ................................................................................................................ 346–375 74 India ................................................................................................................ 376–397 79 Indonesia ................................................................................................................ 398–406 82 Iran (Islamic Republic of) ....................................................................................... 407–611 84 Israel ................................................................................................................ 612–641 111 Kazakhstan.............................................................................................................. 642–651 120 Kuwait ................................................................................................................ 652–661 122 Kyrgyz Republic ..................................................................................................... 662–815 123 Maldives ................................................................................................................ 816–821 143 Mauritania ............................................................................................................... 822–847 144 Mexico ................................................................................................................ 848–858 147 Morocco ................................................................................................................ 859–872 148 Nigeria ................................................................................................................ 873–880 150 Occupied Palestinian Territory................................................................................ 881–888 151 Other/ Occupied Palestinian Territory - (The Authorities in Gaza) ........................ 889–896 152 Pakistan ................................................................................................................ 897–909 153 Panama ................................................................................................................ 910–921 155 Peru ................................................................................................................ 922–927 157 2 A/HRC/17/30/Add.1 Qatar ................................................................................................................ 928–935 158 Russian Federation.................................................................................................. 936–1019 159 Saudi Arabia............................................................................................................ 1020–1027 169 Senegal ................................................................................................................ 1028–1037 170 Serbia ................................................................................................................ 1038–1051 171 Sri Lanka ................................................................................................................ 1050–1072 173 Sudan ................................................................................................................ 1073–1102 176 Syrian Arab Republic.............................................................................................. 1103–1998 181 Tajikistan ................................................................................................................ 1999–1225 196 Tunisia ................................................................................................................ 1226–1235 199 Uganda ................................................................................................................ 1236–1243 201 United States of America ........................................................................................ 1244–1249 202 Venezuela (Bolivian Republic of)........................................................................... 1250–1268 203 Yemen ................................................................................................................ 1269–1276 206 Zimbabwe................................................................................................................ 1277–1285 207 IV. Press releases........................................................................................................... 1286–1330 208 3 A/HRC/17/30/Add.1 I. Introduction 1. The present report supplements the main report submitted by the Special Rapporteur on the independence of judges and lawyers to the Human Rights Council (A/HRC/17/30). It reflects specific situations alleged to be affecting the independence of judges or lawyers or violating the right to a fair trial in 44 countries and 1 another actor. Further, it includes replies received from the Government of the country concerned in response to specific allegations together with the Special Rapporteur’s comments and observations. 2. The report presents summaries of the urgent appeals and allegation letters transmitted by the Special Rapporteur to governmental authorities between 16 March 2010 and 15 March 2011, and of the press releases issued during the same reporting period. During this period, the Special Rapporteur sent a total of 97 communications and issued 6 press statements on situations of particular concern or to highlight a specific event.1 In this connection, the Special Rapporteur wishes to emphasize that the communications presented in the report exclusively reflect allegations she received and subsequently acted upon. Allegations containing insufficient information, and falling outside the scope of the mandate, or on which due to time or other constraints the Special Rapporteur was not in a position to act, are not included in the report. 3. A summary of the replies received from States concerned during the period between 1 May 2010 and 10 May 2011 is also provided. In certain instances, the Government’s response was obtained late and referred to allegations that were presented in the previous report (A/HRC/14/26/Add.1). In those cases, the Special Rapporteur has included the respective replies in the section of communications received including a summary of the communication sent, in order to facilitate the reader’s comprehension. Furthermore, translations of replies which had not been received within the required delay to be included in last year’s report are also summarized in the present report. 4. It may be noted that certain responses to urgent appeals or allegation letters sent during the reporting period, and for which the Special Rapporteur wishes to thank the Governments, could not be included in the report owing to the fact that they were either not translated in time or received after 10 May 2011. To the Special Rapporteur’s regret, they will therefore be reflected only in next year’s report. As per established practice of the Special Procedures of the Human Rights Council, the Special
Recommended publications
  • Nuremberg Facts & Figures 2020
    Office of Urban Research and Statistics for Nuremberg and Fürth Nuremberg Facts & Figures 2020 City Area Location: 11°04’43’’ East, 49°27’20’’ North 1) Metres above main station 309 m, castle hill 352 m, sea level: lowest point 284 m, highest point 407 m Expansion: North-South 23.5 km East-West 21.4 km Land Use 2018 Surface area: 186.4 km² Residential areas 18.7 % Transport 17.8 % Agriculture 17.2 % Woods 15.4 % Industrial/Commercial 10.9 % Leisure and recreation 8.2 % Water 1.9 % Evolution of City Area since 1806 Year Total city area 1806 1.6 km² 1899 54.4 km² 1930 100.5 km² 1938 123.0 km² 1966 134.7 km² 2003 186.4 km² ± 0 1 2 3 km Population Growth since 1431 Year Population Year Population 1431 22 797 1946 312 338 1662 40 276 1956 426 858 1806 25 176 1972 514 976 1852 53 638 1985 465 255 1900 261 081 2000 488 400 1939 423 383 2019 518 370 2) 1) Old City Hall 2) Registered Population Political Representation Council Election 2020 70 seats SPD 18 … FDP 1 seat Linke Liste ÖDP 1 seat Die Guten 2 seats 1 seat DIE LINKE 3 seats CSU GRÜNE Freie Wähler Die PARTEI/ Piraten politbande 22 seats 14 seats 2 seats AfD 1 seat 1 seat 4 seats Lord Mayor Marcus König (CSU) 2nd Mayoress Prof. Dr. Julia Lehner 3rd Mayor Christian Vogel (SPD) Twin Cities City Country Since Antalya Turkey 1997 Atlanta USA 1998 Córdoba Spain 2010 Glasgow Scotland 1985 Hadera Israel 1986 Kavala Greece 1999 Kharkiv Ukraine 1990 Kraków Poland 1979 Nice France 1954 Prague Czech Republic 1990 San Carlos Nicaragua 1985 Shenzhen China 1997 Skopje Republic of North Macedonia 1982 Venice Italy 1954 Nuremberg International Human Rights Award Laureates Abe J.
    [Show full text]
  • IRAN EXECUTIVE SUMMARY the Islamic Republic of Iran
    IRAN EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The Islamic Republic of Iran is a constitutional, theocratic republic in which Shia Muslim clergy and political leaders vetted by the clergy dominate the key power structures. Government legitimacy is based on the twin pillars of popular sovereignty--albeit restricted--and the rule of the supreme leader of the Islamic Revolution. The current supreme leader, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, was chosen by a directly elected body of religious leaders, the Assembly of Experts, in 1989. Khamenei’s writ dominates the legislative, executive, and judicial branches of government. He directly controls the armed forces and indirectly controls internal security forces, the judiciary, and other key institutions. The legislative branch is the popularly elected 290-seat Islamic Consultative Assembly, or Majlis. The unelected 12-member Guardian Council reviews all legislation the Majlis passes to ensure adherence to Islamic and constitutional principles; it also screens presidential and Majlis candidates for eligibility. Mahmoud Ahmadinejad was reelected president in June 2009 in a multiparty election that was generally considered neither free nor fair. There were numerous instances in which elements of the security forces acted independently of civilian control. Demonstrations by opposition groups, university students, and others increased during the first few months of the year, inspired in part by events of the Arab Spring. In February hundreds of protesters throughout the country staged rallies to show solidarity with protesters in Tunisia and Egypt. The government responded harshly to protesters and critics, arresting, torturing, and prosecuting them for their dissent. As part of its crackdown, the government increased its oppression of media and the arts, arresting and imprisoning dozens of journalists, bloggers, poets, actors, filmmakers, and artists throughout the year.
    [Show full text]
  • IRAN COUNTRY of ORIGIN INFORMATION (COI) REPORT COI Service
    IRAN COUNTRY OF ORIGIN INFORMATION (COI) REPORT COI Service Date 28 June 2011 IRAN JUNE 2011 Contents Preface Latest News EVENTS IN IRAN FROM 14 MAY TO 21 JUNE Useful news sources for further information REPORTS ON IRAN PUBLISHED OR ACCESSED BETWEEN 14 MAY AND 21 JUNE Paragraphs Background Information 1. GEOGRAPHY ............................................................................................................ 1.01 Maps ...................................................................................................................... 1.04 Iran ..................................................................................................................... 1.04 Tehran ................................................................................................................ 1.05 Calendar ................................................................................................................ 1.06 Public holidays ................................................................................................... 1.07 2. ECONOMY ................................................................................................................ 2.01 3. HISTORY .................................................................................................................. 3.01 Pre 1979: Rule of the Shah .................................................................................. 3.01 From 1979 to 1999: Islamic Revolution to first local government elections ... 3.04 From 2000 to 2008: Parliamentary elections
    [Show full text]
  • Broschüre Menschenrechtspreis 2009
    INTERNATIONALER NÜRNBERGER MENSCHENRECHTSPREIS 2009 NUREMBERG INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS AWARD Nürnberg DER PREISTRÄGER THE PRIZEWINNER 2009 ABDOLFATTAH SOLTANI Festakt zur Preisverleihung am Sonntag, 4. Oktober 2009 im Opernhaus Nürnberg Award Ceremony on Sunday, 4 October 2009 in the Nuremberg Opera House 3 ZUM GELEIT PREFACE Vor 60 Jahren wurde die „Allgemeine Erklärung der 60 years ago, the “Universal Declaration of Human Menschenrechte“ durch die Vereinten Nationen ver- Rights” was proclaimed by the United Nations. It sets out kündet. Sie formuliert Rechte, die allen Menschen ein the basic rights which are necessary to safeguard human life Leben in Würde, Freiheit und Sicherheit gewährlei- in dignity, freedom and security. But we are still far from sten sollen. Doch davon sind wir auch heute noch weit this ideal today. The 2009 Annual Report presented by the entfernt. Der Jahresbericht 2009 der Menschenrechts- human rights organisation Amnesty International shows organisation Amnesty International spricht eine deut- this clearly: in more than half of the 157 monitored states, liche Sprache: In mehr als der Hälfte der 157 beo- massive violations of basic rights were observed. bachteten Staaten werden grundlegende Rechte mas- siv verletzt. The current global economic and financial crisis has led to a further worsening of the human rights situation in the Durch die gegenwärtige globale Wirtschafts- und majority of the world. The poorer countries in particular are Finanzkrise wird die Menschenrechtslage in weiten suffering from the repercussions of the present recession. Teilen der Welt noch weiter verschlechtert. Vor allem Already 1.4 billion people are living on just one dollar per die ärmeren Länder sind von den Folgen der Rezession day.
    [Show full text]
  • Gender Equality Discourse in Yemini Constitutions
    GENDER EQUALITY DISCOURSE IN YEMINI CONSTITUTIONS RIGHTS AND DUTIES AMAL AL BASHA NO. 2014/3 Authors: Amal Al Basha The lines engraved on this paper are a humble effort dedicated to: All my country’s girls, young girls, young women as well as worn out, poor and distressed women in both rural and urban communities, in each corner of this country, dreaming of the dawn of equality, justice and equity to break soon, and it is indeed soon. © 2014 The Danish Institute for Human Rights Denmark’s National Human Rights Institution Wilders Plads 8K DK-1403 Copenhagen K Phone +45 3269 8888 www.humanrights.dk This publication, or parts of it, may be reproduced if author and source are quoted. MATTERS OF CONCERN is a working paper series focusing on new and emerging research on human rights across academic disciplines. It is a means for DIHR staff, visiting fellows and external researchers to make available the preliminary results of their research, work in progress and unique research contributions. Research papers are published under the responsibility of the author alone and do not represent the official view of the Danish Institute of Human Rights. Papers are available online at www.humanrights.dk. CONTENT INTRODUCTION 8 The importance of this research paper 9 The research methodology 11 1 EQUALITY AND DISCRIMINATION IN THE CONSTITUTIONS OF YEMEN IN THE SOUTH 12 1.1 The British Occupation Stage 12 1.1.1 The Laws of the Colony of Aden 12 1.1.2 The Constitution of the Colony of Aden, 1962 13 1.1.3 The Constitutions of the Sultanates, Emirates and
    [Show full text]
  • World Bank Document
    Document of The World Bank Public Disclosure Authorized Report No. 16850-YEM STAFF APPRAISAL REPORT Public Disclosure Authorized REPUBLIC OF YEMEN SOUTHERN GOVERNORATES RURAL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT Public Disclosure Authorized September 18, 1997 Rural Development, Water and Environment Departnent Public Disclosure Authorized Middle East and North Africa Region CURRENCY Yemeni Rials 125 = US$1 (at June 1, 1997) ABBREVIATIONS BDA Business Development Advisors CACB Cooperative and Agricultural Credit Bank CAS The Country Assistance Strategy CPPR Country Portfolio Performance Review EIRR Economic Internal Rate of Return FIAHS Fund for Innovative Approach in Human and Social Development GDP Gross Domestic Product GOY Government of Yemen GTZ German Technical Cooperation ICB International Competitive Bidding IDA International Development Association IFAD International Fund for Agricultural Development IU Irrigation Unit M&E Monitoring and Evaluation MAWR Ministry of Agriculture and Water Resources MENA Middle East and North Africa MIS Management Information System MOPD Ministry of Planning and Development MSE Micro and Small Enterprises NCB National Competitive Bidding NGO Non-Governmental Organization NWRA National Water Resources Authority OC Operations Committee O&M Operation and Maintenance PDC Participatory Development Coordinators PDRY People's Democratic Republic of Yemen PHRD Policy and Human Resource Development (Japanese grant) PMU Project Management Unit PNA Participatory Needs Assessment ROY Republic of Yemen SDR Special Drawing Right
    [Show full text]
  • Struggle for Citizenship.Indd
    From the struggle for citizenship to the fragmentation of justice Yemen from 1990 to 2013 Erwin van Veen CRU Report From the struggle for citizenship to the fragmentation of justice FROM THE STRUGGLE FOR CITIZENSHIP TO THE FRAGMENTATION OF JUSTICE Yemen from 1990 to 2013 Erwin van Veen Conflict Research Unit, The Clingendael Institute February 2014 © Netherlands Institute of International Relations Clingendael. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyright holders. Clingendael Institute P.O. Box 93080 2509 AB The Hague The Netherlands Email: [email protected] Website: http://www.clingendael.nl/ Table of Contents Executive summary 7 Acknowledgements 11 Abbreviations 13 1 Introduction 14 2 Selective centralisation of the state: Commerce and security through networked rule 16 Enablers: Tribes, remittances, oil and civil war 17 Tools: Violence, business and religion 21 The year 2011 and the National Dialogue Conference 26 The state of justice in 1990 and 2013 28 3 Trend 1: The ‘instrumentalisation’ of state-based justice 31 Key strategies in the instrumentalisation of justice 33 Consequences of politicisation and instrumentalisation 34 4 Trend 2: The weakening of tribal customary law 38 Functions and characteristics of tribal law 40 Key factors that have weakened tribal law 42 Consequences of weakened tribal law 44 Points of connection
    [Show full text]
  • Download Information from the Internet
    IRAN SUBMISSION TO THE HUMAN RIGHTS COMMITTEE FOR THE 103RD SESSION OF THE HUMAN RIGHTS COMMITTEE (17 OCTOBER – 4 NOVEMBER 2011) Amnesty International Publications First published in 2011 by Amnesty International Publications International Secretariat Peter Benenson House 1 Easton Street London WC1X 0DW United Kingdom www.amnesty.org © Amnesty International Publications 2011 Index: MDE 13/081/2011 Original Language: English Printed by Amnesty International, International Secretariat, United Kingdom All rights reserved. This publication is copyright, but may be reproduced by any method without fee for advocacy, campaigning and teaching purposes, but not for resale. The copyright holders request that all such use be registered with them for impact assessment purposes. For copying in any other circumstances, or for reuse in other publications, or for translation or adaptation, prior written permission must be obtained from the publishers, and a fee may be payable. To request permission, or for any other inquiries, please contact [email protected] Amnesty International is a global movement of more than 3 million supporters, members and activists in more than 150 countries and territories who campaign to end grave abuses of human rights. Our vision is for every person to enjoy all the rights enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and other international human rights standards. We are independent of any government, political ideology, economic interest or religion and are funded mainly by our membership and public donations.
    [Show full text]
  • INSS Insight No. 1482, June 6, 2021 from Election to Selection: Iran's Path to a New President
    INSS Insight No. 1482, June 6, 2021 From Election to Selection: Iran's Path to a New President Raz Zimmt The decision by Iran’s Guardian Council to disqualify the vast majority of the candidates in the coming presidential elections, including former speaker of the Majlis Ali Larijani, and Eshaq Jahangiri, First Vice-President under President Rouhani, in effect leaves the hardline cleric Ebrahim Raisi as the only candidate with real chances of winning the elections. This decision is another reflection of the regime's efforts to strengthen the conservative hegemony in the political elite, especially in advance of the struggle over the succession of Iran's leadership. The regime's blatant intervention in the election process indicates that it is determined to maintain conservative control of power centers even at the cost of further undermining public confidence, and that it estimates that it is capable of suppressing any possible protest. On May 25, 2021, following the screening of all the presidential candidates, Iran’s Guardian Council announced it had approved seven final candidates, out of the 592 candidates (including 40 women) who registered for the elections scheduled for June 18. That the vast majority of the candidates were disqualified came as no surprise. Since the beginning of the 1980s, only a few candidates have passed the screening process under the 12-member Guardian Council, half of whom are clerics appointed by Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei, and half of whom are jurists appointed by the Judiciary Chief and approved by the Majlis. This time too, it was expected that the Council would disqualify any candidate it saw as someone who might undermine conservative hegemony in Iranian politics.
    [Show full text]
  • Final AHDR 2004 Eng.Indb
    UNITED NATIONS DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME ARAB FUND FOR ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT ARAB GULF PROGRAMME FOR UNITED NATIONS DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATIONS ARAB HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2004 Towards Freedom in the Arab World The Arab world finds itself at a historical crossroads. Caught between oppression at home and violation from abroad, Arabs are increasingly excluded from determining their own future. Freedom in its comprehensive sense, incorporates not only civil and political freedoms (in other words, liberation from oppression), but also the liberation from all factors that are inconsistent with human dignity. To be sustained and guaranteed, freedom requires a system DEVELO HUMAN ARAB of good governance that rests upon effective popular representation and is accountable to the people, and that upholds the rule of law and ensures that an independent judiciary applies the law impartially. The report describes free societies, in their normative dimension, as fundamental contrasts with present-day Arab countries. The enormous gap that separates today’s reality and what many in the region hope for, is a source of widespread frustration and despair among Arabs about their countries’ prospects for a peaceful transition to societies enjoying freedom and good governance. Moreover, persisting tendencies in Arab social structures could well lead to spiralling social, economic, and political crises. Each further stage of crisis would impose itself 2004 REPORT PMENT as a new reality, producing injustices eventually beyond control. The Arab world is at a decisive point that does not admit compromise or complacency. If the Arab people are to have true societies of freedom and good governance, they will need to be socially innovative.
    [Show full text]
  • Iran COI Compilation September 2013
    Iran COI Compilation September 2013 ACCORD is co-funded by the European Refugee Fund, UNHCR and the Ministry of the Interior, Austria. Commissioned by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, Division of International Protection. UNHCR is not responsible for, nor does it endorse, its content. Any views expressed are solely those of the author. ACCORD - Austrian Centre for Country of Origin & Asylum Research and Documentation Iran COI Compilation September 2013 This report serves the specific purpose of collating legally relevant information on conditions in countries of origin pertinent to the assessment of claims for asylum. It is not intended to be a general report on human rights conditions. The report is prepared on the basis of publicly available information, studies and commentaries within a specified time frame. All sources are cited and fully referenced. This report is not, and does not purport to be, either exhaustive with regard to conditions in the country surveyed, or conclusive as to the merits of any particular claim to refugee status or asylum. Every effort has been made to compile information from reliable sources; users should refer to the full text of documents cited and assess the credibility, relevance and timeliness of source material with reference to the specific research concerns arising from individual applications. © Austrian Red Cross/ACCORD An electronic version of this report is available on www.ecoi.net. Austrian Red Cross/ACCORD Wiedner Hauptstraße 32 A- 1040 Vienna, Austria Phone: +43 1 58 900 – 582 E-Mail: [email protected] Web: http://www.redcross.at/accord ACCORD is co-funded by the European Refugee Fund, UNHCR and the Ministry of the Interior, Austria.
    [Show full text]
  • Chronology of Events in Iran, December 2004*
    Chronology of Events in Iran, December 2004* December 1 Iran releases two internet journalists. (ISNA) Two of those arrested for internet-related charges have been released. It was reported that Omid Me'marian and Shahram Rafi'zadeh were released on a 50m-tuman bail [approximately 58,000 dollars]. Agence France Presse (AFP) report of the same news on December 4: Four jailed Iranian reformist journalists, three of them recently released, have written letters of repentance, saying they were "brainwashed" by foreigners and "counter- revolutionaries". The Iranian press has carried the letters, allegedly written by imprisoned Javad Qolan Tamimi, Omid Memarian, Shahram Rafizadeh and Roozbeh Mir-Ebrahimi, freed in recent days, to the head of Iran's judiciary. "I was brainwashed by hardline elements to destroy the image of the regime by relating with counter- revolutionaries and talking to foreign radio," said the letter by Memarian, who maintained a controversial weblog. "I spread lies. As I was influenced and encouraged by the ones who have for years been wounding the Islamic regime," read a letter written by Rafizadeh. Tamimi, who worked for the Mardomsalari daily, wrote of his "abhorrence" of the head of the Iranian journalists association who tried to organise a demonstration on behalf of his jailed colleagues. He called for criminal proceedings to be initiated against "those who poison the atmosphere by ... supporting criminals like me". "If I committed this crime in another country, I would have been sentenced to death or life in solitary confinement, but under the indulgent Islamic system, people in charge of my case and prison officials are convinced that I converted honestly," he said.
    [Show full text]