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Tibetan Diaspora
TIBETAN DIASPORA Population: Approximately 127,935 [Approximate world-wide distribution: India 94,203; Nepal 13,514; Bhutan 1,298; the rest of the world 18,920] Constitution: The Charter of the Tibetans-in-Exile Judiciary: Tibetan Supreme Justice Commission: The Chief Justice Commis- sioner and two Justice Commissioners are elected by the Tibetan Par- liament-in-Exile out of a list of nominated candidates submitted by a selection committee of three to five members constituted by Chief Justice Commissioner, Speaker, Deputy Speaker and Sikyong (Presi- dent). Legislature: Tibetan Parliament-in-Exile with 45 members is directly elected by the exile population. The term of office is five years. Executive: The Kashag (Cabinet) is the apex executive body. The President is directly elected by the exile population for a term of five years. The President nominates other members of the Kashag to the Tibetan Par- liament-in-Exile to give its approval for their appointment. Major NGOs: Tibetan Youth Congress (TYC), Tibetan Women’s Association (TWA), Gu-chu-sum Movement, National Democratic Party of Tibet (NDPT) Foreign Missions: Based in New Delhi, Kathmandu, Washington D.C., Geneva, Tokyo, London, Brussels, Canberra, Moscow, Pretoria, Taipei and São Paulo. Livelihood: Agriculture, agro-industries, handicraft exports, woollen garment- selling enterprise and service sector. 1 tibetan national flag During the reign of the seventh-century king, Songsten Gampo, Tibet was one of the mightiest empires in Central Asia. Tibet, then, had an army of about 2,860,000 men. Each regiment of the army had its own banner. The banner of Yö-Ru Tö regiment had a pair of snow lions facing each other; that of Yä-Ru Mä a snow lion with a bright upper border; that of Tsang-Ru-Lag a snow lion standing upright, leaping towards the sky; and that of Ü-Ru Tö a white flame against a red background. -
Herever Possible
Published by Department of Information and International Relations (DIIR) Central Tibetan Administration Dharamshala-176215 H.P. India Email: [email protected] www.tibet.net Copyright © DIIR 2018 First edition: October 2018 1000 copies ISBN-978-93-82205-12-8 Design & Layout: Kunga Phuntsok / DIIR Printed at New Delhi: Norbu Graphics CONTENTS Foreword------------------------------------------------------------------1 Chapter One: Burning Tibet: Self-immolation Protests in Tibet---------------------5 Chapter Two: The Historical Status of Tibet-------------------------------------------37 Chapter Three: Human Rights Situation in Tibet--------------------------------------69 Chapter Four: Cultural Genocide in Tibet--------------------------------------------107 Chapter Five: The Tibetan Plateau and its Deteriorating Environment---------135 Chapter Six: The True Nature of Economic Development in Tibet-------------159 Chapter Seven: China’s Urbanization in Tibet-----------------------------------------183 Chapter Eight: China’s Master Plan for Tibet: Rule by Reincarnation-------------197 Chapter Nine: Middle Way Approach: The Way Forward--------------------------225 FOREWORD For Tibetans, information is a precious commodity. Severe restric- tions on expression accompanied by a relentless disinformation campaign engenders facts, knowledge and truth to become priceless. This has long been the case with Tibet. At the time of the publication of this report, Tibet has been fully oc- cupied by the People’s Republic of China (PRC) for just five months shy of sixty years. As China has sought to develop Tibet in certain ways, largely economically and in Chinese regions, its obsessive re- strictions on the flow of information have only grown more intense. Meanwhile, the PRC has ready answers to fill the gaps created by its information constraints, whether on medieval history or current growth trends. These government versions of the facts are backed ever more fiercely as the nation’s economic and military power grows. -
The Tibetan National Emblem His Holiness the Dalai Lama Said
The Tibetan National Emblem His Holiness the Dalai Lama said.. “Change is also coming to the Tibetan political system. It is unfortunate that it happens in exile, but this does not stop us learning the art of democracy. I have long looked forward to the time when we could devise a political system, suited both to our traditions and the demands of the modern world. Since we came into exile, we have tried to build up the Chithue, the elected assembly of representatives, as a key feature of our effort to develop such a system. We are now embarking on changes which will further democratise and strengthen our administration in exile. I hope that these changes will allow the people of Tibet to have a clear say in determining the future of our country. It is therefore a matter of great pride to me that last month the Tibetan exiles went to the polls for the eleventh time to elect a new assembly of representatives . Already since the special Congress held last May, the members of the Kashag, the executive head of our administration, are elected officials, no longer appointed by me. This democratisation has reached out to Tibetans all over the world . I believe that future generations of Tibetans will consider these changes among the most important achievement of our experience in exile.” House of Commons All-Party Parliamentary Group, London March 21, 1991 “There is one big change. Immediately after coming into exile, we started the process of democratisation of Tibetan society. I deliberately reduced my own power. -
His Holiness the Dalai Lama Travels to Bhubaneswar, Odisha
TIBETAN BULLETIN THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CENTRAL TIBETAN ADMINISTRATION VOLUME 21 - ISSUE 6 NOVEMBER - DECEMBER 2017 Focus The Genesis of Tibetan Self-Immolations is China’s Repressive Policies in Tibet **** Feature His Holiness Gave a Public Talk at Somaiya Vidyavihar **** World Press Dalai Lama: We need an education of the heart **** www.tibet.net/en/tibbul www.tibet.net/en/tibbul FOCUS 14 The Genesis of Tibetan Self-Immolations is China’s TIBETAN Repressive Policies in Tibet BULLETIN Tibetan Bulletin is an official bi-monthly 15 The Need for a Tibetan Reading Revival: journal of the Central Tibetan My observation on reading among Tibetan children Administration. FEATURE 22 His Holiness the Dalai Lama Travels to Bhubaneswar, Odisha 22 His Holiness the Dalai Lama Addresses Students of Signed articles or quotations do not Kalinga Institute of Social Sciences necessarily reflect the views of the Central Tibetan Administration. 24 His Holiness Addresses Indian Chamber of Commerce in Kolkata Contributions are welcome and may be addressed to the editor, Tibetan Bulletin. 25 His Holiness Gives Public Talk at Somaiya Vidyavihar However the publisher regrets its inability to return unused articles unless they are accompanied by a self-addressed envelope with adequate postage. Tibetan Bulletin is distributed free of WORLD PRESS charge. To subscribe please email the circulation manager or see back cover. 26 Dalai Lama: We Need an Education of the Heart Editor By Tenzin Gyatso, the 14th Dalai Lama Los Angeles Times Jamphel Shonu Email: [email protected] 27 Beijing Hinders Free Speech in America Asst. Editor By Wang Dan, The New York Times Tenzin Phende Tenzin Saldon 29 Dalai Lama to Obama: ‘You are Young and Can do a Lot’ Layout & Design By CNN Tenzin Phende Circulation Manager Norbu Wangdue Email: [email protected] Tibetan Bulletin is published by: Department of Information and International Relations, Central Tibetan Administration, Dharamshala - 176 215 H.P. -
The Net Delusion : the Dark Side of Internet Freedom / Evgeny Morozov
2/c pMs (blAcK + 809) soFt-toUcH MAtte lAMinAtion + spot gloss The NeT DelusioN evgeNy Morozov evgeNy The NeT DelusioN PoliTiCs/TeChNology $27.95/$35.50CAN “evgeny Morozov is wonderfully knowledgeable about the internet—he seems “THEREVOLUTIONWILLBETWITTERED!” to have studied every use of it, or every political use, in every country in the declared journalist Andrew sullivan after world (and to have read all the posts). And he is wonderfully sophisticated and protests erupted in iran in June 2009. Yet for tough-minded about politics. this is a rare combination, and it makes for a all the talk about the democratizing power powerful argument against the latest versions of technological romanticism. of the internet, regimes in iran and china His book should be required reading for every political activist who hopes to are as stable and repressive as ever. in fact, AlexAnder KrstevsKi AlexAnder change the world on the internet.” —MiChAel WAlzer, institute for authoritarian governments are effectively Advanced study, Princeton using the internet to suppress free speech, evgeNy Morozov hone their surveillance techniques, dissem- is a contributing editor to Foreign Policy “ evgeny Morozov has produced a rich survey of recent history that reminds us inate cutting-edge propaganda, and pacify and Boston Review and a schwartz Fellow that everybody wants connectivity but also varying degrees of control over their populations with digital entertain- at the new American Foundation. Morozov content, and that connectivity on its own is a very poor predictor of political ment. could the recent Western obsession is currently also a visiting scholar at stan- pluralism.... by doing so, he’s gored any number of sacred cows, but he’s likewise with promoting democracy by digital ford University. -
Tibetan Youth Activism: Role of Government-In-Exile, 1959-1976
Tibetan Youth Activism: Role of Government-in-Exile, 1959-1976 Dissertation submitted to Jawaharlal Nehru University for the award of the degree of MASTER OF PHILOSOPHY FWJAKHANG BRAHMA CENTRE FOR INNER ASIAN STUDIES SCHOOL OF INTERNATIONAL STUDIES JAWAHARLAL NEHRU UNIVERSITY NEW DELHI-110067 2018 Tibetan Youth Activism: Role of Government-in-Exile, 1959-1976 Dissertation submitted to Jawaharlal Nehru University for the award of the degree of MASTER OF PHILOSOPHY FWJAKHANG BRAHMA CENTRE FOR INNER ASIAN STUDIES SCHOOL OF INTERNATIONAL STUDIES JAWAHARLAL NEHRU UNIVERSITY NEW DELHI-110067 2018 Contents Chapter 1: Introduction 1-25 Chapter 2: Tibetan Youth Struggle in Exile 26-56 Chapter 3: Role of Tibetan Youth and Religion 57-73 Chapter 4: Changing Dimension of Tibetan Youth Activism and the Role of Government- in-Exile 74-100 Chapter 5: Conclusion 101-108 Bibliography: 109-119 List of Abbreviations ATPD Assembly of Tibetan People’s Deputies BRDL Bhod Rangwang Denpai Legul CPPCC Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference CTAO Canadian Tibetan Association of Ontario CRCT Central Relief Committee for Tibetans CIA Central Investigation Agency CTA Central Tibetan Administration CTPD Commission of Tibetan People’s Deputies CIA Central Investigations Agency CTE Council for Tibetan Education CTPD Commission of Tibetan People’s Deputies GOI Government of India ITSN International Tibet Support Network NWC National Working Committee PAP People’s Armed Police PLA People’s Liberation Army PSB Public Security Bureau PRC People’s Republic of China -
July-Aug-2016
TIBETAN BULLETIN THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CENTRAL TIBETAN ADMINISTRATION VOLUME 20 - ISSUE 4 JULY - AUGUST 2016 FOCUS Celebrations of His Holiness the Dalai Lama’s 81st Birthday **** FEATURE Monkey Year Tse-chu Ceremony Observed at Tso-pema **** WORLD PRESS A Writer’s Quest to Unearth the Roots of Tibet’s Unrest **** Last Page Tent and Plywood Rooms Available for Rent During Kalachakra Teaching www.tibet.net/en/tibbul His Holiness the Dalai Lama speaking during the first day of teachings at the Main Tibetan Temple in Dharamsala, HP, India on August 29, 2016. Photo/Tenzin Phende/DIIR His Holiness the Dalai Lama with five oracles of Tibet during celebrations of Guru Padmasambhava’s birth at Orgyen Herukai Nyingma Monastery at Tso Pema, (Rewalsar) HP, India on July 14, 2016. Photo/Tenzin Phuntsok/OHHDL His Holiness the Dalai Lama with local religious leaders cutting the cake present- ed to him during celebrations honoring his 81st birthday at Drepung Monastery in Mundgod, Karnataka, India on July 6, 2016. Photo/Tenzin Choejor/OHHDL www.tibet.net/en/tibbul FOCUS 9. Celebrations of His Holiness the Dalai Lama’s 81st Birthday 10. Celebrations Mark 81st Birthday of His Holiness the Dalai Lama at Dharamshala TIBETAN 12. Shillong Celebrates 81st Birthday of His Holiness the Dalai Lama BULLETIN Tibetan Bulletin is an official bi-monthly journal of the Central Tibetan 14. His Holiness the Dalai Lama’s 81st Birthday Celebrated in Russia Administration. FEATURE 20. Monkey Year Tse-chu Ceremony Observed at Tso-pema 22. His Holiness the Dalai Lama Visits the Villages of Saboo and Stok 24. -
No.2 SUMMER 2014 Meeting on Safety and Security in Tibetan Sangay and the Speaker of the Parliament in Ex- Schools Ile, Mr
www.sherig.org NEWS SHERIGQUARTERLY NEWSLETTER OF THE DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION CENTRAL TIBETAN ADMINISTRATION Vol.18; No.2 SUMMER 2014 Meeting on Safety and Security in Tibetan Sangay and the speaker of the Parliament in ex- Schools ile, Mr. Penpa Tsering also talked to the partici- This page plus pants on various topics. Counseling News ------------3 Class XII Board Result 2014 Education Council News----3 The Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) Publication News-------------4 declared class XII board examination results on May 29, 2014. The performance of Tibetan stu- Scholarship News -----------4 dents in Class XII has made a comparatively re- markable progress this year. Out of the 1535 Tibetan students who appeared in the All India Secondary School Certificate Examination (AISS- CE) conducted by CBSE, 1331 have passed, 40 About us… students failed and 162 students were placed under compartment category (failed in one sub- Sherig News is the official A day-long meeting of Tibetan school adminis- newsletter of the Depart- ject). The overall pass percentage of Tibetan trators was held on June 25, in Dharamsala to schools is 86.71. The Tibetan schools who have ment of Education, one of discuss the safety and security of students, es- the seven departments of the achieved 100% percent result for this year are pecially girls, in Tibetan schools. Administrators TCV Selakui and CST Bylakuppe. Central Tibetan Administra- from four major Tibetan schools including the tion based in Dharamsala Tibetan Children’s Village (TCV), Tibetan Homes Among the toppers, this year’s Gaden Phodrang since 1960. DoE is the apex Award recipients from Science Stream are: So- body responsible for provid- Foundation (THF), Snow Lion Foundation, Nepal ing support for the educa- and Sambhota Tibetan Schools Society (STSS), nam Sangmo (93.2%), Chemi Dorjee (90.8%), tional and welfare needs of along with officials from the Department of Edu- Tenzin Dadon (90.6%) - all from TCV School Se- over 22,000 Tibetan refugee cation took part in the meeting. -
130// Dezember 2015 Bericht // Tibet Im Exil Oder Die Tibetische Diaspora Meinungsfocus // Demokratiebestrebungen In
Gesellschaft Schweizerisch-Tibetische Freundschaft // Verein Tibeter Jugend in Europa // Verein Tibetfreunde // Tibetische Frauenorganisation 130 // Dezember 2015 Bericht // Tibet im Exil oder die tibetische Diaspora Meinungsfocus // Demokratiebestrebungen in der tibetischen Exilgemeinschaft in der Schweiz Reportage // Willkürliche Tibetische Demokratie Erscheint vierteljährlich // Preis: Fr. 8.– Editorial // Liebe Leserin, lieber Leser Das 20. Jahrhundert galt als Jahrhundert der Migration und Die Angehörigen einer Diaspora sind nicht nur mit Fragen wurde durch zahllose Flüchtlingsströme gekennzeichnet. der kulturellen Identität und der Assimilation im neuen Ursachen waren Krieg, Nationalismus, Armut oder Rassis- Land konfrontiert, sondern müssen sich auch politisch or- mus. Aktuell sind laut dem UN-Flüchtlingsrat weltweit über ganisieren. Darum geht es im Meinungsfocus zur Organisa- 50 Millionen Menschen auf der Flucht – eine Zahl, die so tion der tibetischen Bevölkerung in der Schweiz und deren hoch ist wie noch nie. Religiöse oder ethnische Gruppen, Demokratiebestrebungen. Der Kommentar zu den Sikyong- die ihre Heimat verlassen mussten, leben nun unter An- Wahlen sowie der kritische Bericht über Vorgänge anläss- dersdenkenden im Exil. Sie sind über weite Teile der Welt lich der Chitü-Wahlen runden das Hauptthema in dieser verstreut und leben in einer Diaspora – ein Begriff, der Ausgabe ab. schon lange nicht mehr nur für die Juden zur Zeit des baby- lonischen Exils gebraucht wird, sondern für etliche Minder- Übrigens: Auf www.tibetfocus.com sind Ihre Meinungen heiten weltweit. und Kommentare immer willkommen! Dem Thema «Diaspora und wie sie sich politisch organisiert» Im Namen der tibetfocus-Redaktion wünsche ich Ihnen eine ist die neue Ausgabe von tibetfocus gewidmet. Lesen Sie in spannende Lektüre! einem Artikel, wie Tibeter in drei grossen Wellen ihre Heimat verliessen, und im Interview erzählt Telo Tulku Rinpoche über die russische Tibetergemeinschaft. -
TIBETAN Bulletin the Official Journal of the Central Tibetan Administration Volume 25 - Issue 1 January- February 2021
TIBETAN BulletiN THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CENTRAL TIBETAN ADMINISTRATION VOLUME 25 - ISSUE 1 JANUARY- FEBRUARY 2021 News from Tibet and Exile Exile Tibetans Hold Preliminary Election for Sikyong and Members of 17th Tibetan Parliament ***** Feature His Holiness the Dalai Lama Holds Virtual Conversation with Mayors on Kind and Compassionate Leadership ***** Focus Central Tibetan Administration Strongly Rejects Chinese Government’s False Accusations www.tibet.net/en/tibbul www.tibet.net/en/tibbul News From Tibet and Exile 04 Exile Tibetans Hold Preliminary Election for 2021 Sikyong and TIBETAN Members of 17th Tibetan Parliament BulletiN Tibetan Bulletin is an official bi-monthly 05 A Tibetan Tour Guide Dies from Prison Injuries in Driru, Tibet journal of the Central Tibetan Administration. 06 China Sentenced a Tibetan to 13 years in 2013, News Emerges amid Clampdown 07 UK All-Party Parliamentary Group for Tibet Discusses Tibet at Virtual Meeting 08 Japanese Parliamentarians Reaffirm Support to Tibetans at General Meeting Signed articles or quotations do not 09 Czech Parliamentary Group for Tibet Reaffirms Continued Support necessarily reflect the views of the Central for Tibet on Tibetan Losar Tibetan Administration. Contributions are welcome and may be addressed to the editor, Tibetan Bulletin. Focus However the publisher regrets its inability 10 Sikyong Welcomes Uyghur Forced Labor Prevention Act of US to return unused articles unless they are accompanied by a self-addressed envelope 11 Election Commission Declares Result of Preliminary Election of with adequate postage. Sikyong and Members of the 17th Tibetan Parliament-in-Exile Tibetan Bulletin is distributed free of charge. To subscribe please email the 14 China Warns Tibetan Internet Users of “Strike Hard” Campaign circulation manager or see back cover. -
STORM in the GRASSLANDS Self-Immolations in Tibet and Chinese Policy
STORM IN THE GRASSLANDS Self-immolations in Tibet and Chinese policy A report by the International Campaign for Tibet Washington, DC l Amsterdam l Berlin l London l Brussels www.savetibet.org STORM IN THE GRASSLANDS Self-immolations in Tibet and Chinese policy A report by the International Campaign for Tibet Washington, DC l Amsterdam l Berlin l London l Brussels www.savetibet.org Mourning A poem by Tibetan blogger, Sengdor, published online in October, 2011 The sadness of living is more painful than death/[…] Look at the smoke rising from the monastery’s golden roof Look at the doors of each monk’s cell In every moment After a storm bursts on one grassland Another storm bursts on the other grassland Following the direction of the wind Dark shadows move accordingly “To burn oneself by fire is to prove that what one is saying is of the utmost importance.” Vietnamese Buddhist monk Thich Nhat Hanh, in a letter to Dr Martin Luther King, 1965 Cover details ‘Self-immolation’ – a painting by Tashi Norbu, Tibetan artist based in Amsterdam, by kind permission of the artist. The work expresses the dual hope that the self-immolators’ sacrifice will lead to their religious realization of ultimate reality, through burning away ignorance, and also ‘burn away’ the conventional reality of oppression. A Tibetan pilgrim with flowers. Troops are visible as Tibetan pilgrims gather at the Jokhang temple in Lhasa in September, 2012. At the Jokhang temple, one of Tibet’s holiest sites, Tibetan pilgrims face intense security, with a constant presence of troops and airport-style scanners now in operation. -
Delivering Service and Support
THE TIBET FUND YEARS SPECIAL REPORT HIS HOLINESS THE 14TH DALAI LAMA 1 SIKYONG Dr. LOBSANG SANGAY Senator Dianne Feinstein 2 3 Program (KAP) was initiated to address and nunneries as well as cultural None of our work would have been the unmet medical, educational, and institutions such as the Tibetan possible without the support of our economic needs of Tibetans in Tibet. Institute for Performing Arts, Library partners, individual donors, grants PRESIDENT With funding from private donors, TTF for Tibetan Works and Archives, and from foundations, and major funding RINCHEN DHARLO built Chushul Orphanage and funded Nepal Lhamo Association. from the US Department of State’s two other children’s homes. TTF also Bureau of Population, Refugees and funded the construction of Lhasa Eye In 1997, we initiated the Blue Book Migration and Bureau of Education Center and sponsored several surgical Project, which is seen as an effective and Cultural Affairs, The Office of eyes camps restoring more than 2,000 way for individuals to support the Citizen Exchanges of the Bureau of sights. KAP at that time has won the Tibetan people. From 1997 to 2015, Educational and Cultural Affairs, support and confidence of Tibetan TTF has raised a total of over $310,000 and the USAID. We would like to authorities at the highest levels both in from individual donors and transferred express our deepest gratitude to the perSOnal Tibet and in exile and has successfully that fund to the Central Tibetan US Congress and Administration, reflections provided resources and training for Administration. Establishment of the whose continued support and belief education and health projects in Tibet Tibetan Sponsorship Program in 1999 in our mission has provided critical as well as in mainland China and study has also been very satisfying.