Aviation Investigation Report A00h0005 Runway Excursion First Air Boeing 727-200 C-Gxfa Iqaluit Airport, Nunavut 22 September 2
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AVIATION INVESTIGATION REPORT A00H0005 RUNWAY EXCURSION FIRST AIR BOEING 727-200 C-GXFA IQALUIT AIRPORT, NUNAVUT 22 SEPTEMBER 2000 The Transportation Safety Board of Canada (TSB) investigated this occurrence for the purpose of advancing transportation safety. It is not the function of the Board to assign fault or determine civil or criminal liability. Aviation Investigation Report Runway Excursion First Air Boeing 727-200 C-GXFA Iqaluit Airport, Nunavut 22 September 2000 Report Number A00H0005 Summary The Boeing 727, C-GXFA, operating as First Air Flight 860, was on a scheduled flight from Ottawa, Ontario, to Iqaluit, Nunavut, with 7 crew members and 52 passengers on board. Iqaluit Airport was receiving its first major snow squall of the winter, and snow-clearing operations were under way. The wind was from the east at approximately 20 knots with gusts to 30 knots. The snow-clearing vehicles left the runway and remained clear while the flight was conducting an instrument approach to Runway 35. Because of strong winds, the approach was discontinued approximately five nautical miles from the airport, and a second approach to Runway 35 was carried out. After touching down near the runway centreline, the aircraft travelled off the left side of the runway, then returned to the runway surface. The aircraft then drifted to the left and came to rest 7000 feet from the threshold of Runway 35. The nose wheels and the left main wheels were off the runway in the mud west of the runway. An emergency evacuation was ordered, and all passengers and crew exited the aircraft without injury. The aircraft received only minor damage. Ce rapport est également disponible en français. Table of Contents 1.0 Factual Information ................................................................................... 1 1.1 History of the Flight ............................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Injuries to Persons .................................................................................................................. 2 1.3 Damage to Aircraft ................................................................................................................ 2 1.4 Other Damage ........................................................................................................................ 2 1.5 Personnel Information ............................................................................................................ 3 1.5.1 General ................................................................................................................................... 3 1.5.2 Captain ................................................................................................................................... 3 1.5.3 First Officer ............................................................................................................................ 3 1.5.4 Second Officer ....................................................................................................................... 3 1.5.5 Flight Engineer Instructor ...................................................................................................... 4 1.5.6 Cabin Crew ............................................................................................................................ 4 1.6 Aircraft Information ............................................................................................................... 4 1.6.1 General ................................................................................................................................... 4 1.6.2 Weight and Balance ............................................................................................................... 4 1.6.3 Auto Speedbrakes (Ground Spoilers) .................................................................................... 4 1.6.4 Passenger Address System ..................................................................................................... 5 1.7 Meteorological Information ................................................................................................... 5 1.7.1 Actual Weather ...................................................................................................................... 5 1.7.2 Forecasted Weather ................................................................................................................ 6 1.7.3 Pilot Weather Reports (PIREPs) ............................................................................................ 6 1.8 Aids to Navigation ................................................................................................................. 6 1.9 Communications .................................................................................................................... 6 1.9.1 Radio Communication Interference ....................................................................................... 6 1.9.2 Sequence of Radio Communications ..................................................................................... 6 1.10 Aerodrome Information ......................................................................................................... 8 1.10.1 General ................................................................................................................................... 8 1.10.2 Iqaluit Airport Snow/Ice Removal Plan ................................................................................ 8 1.10.3 Airport Vehicle Operations .................................................................................................... 9 1.10.4 TC Aerodrome Safety Circular on Runway Condition Reporting ........................................ 9 1.10.5 Runway Conditions .............................................................................................................. 10 1.11 Flight Data Recorders .......................................................................................................... 11 1.12 Crosswind Landing Information .......................................................................................... 12 1.12.1 Landing and Approach Speed .............................................................................................. 12 1.12.2 Landing Distance Required .................................................................................................. 12 1.12.3 Crosswind Limitations ......................................................................................................... 12 1.12.4 Crosswind Landing Handling .............................................................................................. 13 1.13 Emergency Evacuation ........................................................................................................ 14 1.13.1 The Evacuation .................................................................................................................... 14 1.13.2 Emergency Evacuation Checklist ........................................................................................ 14 2.0 Analysis ................................................................................................... 16 2.1 Approach and Landing ......................................................................................................... 16 2.2 Runway Conditions .............................................................................................................. 16 2.3 Passenger Evacuation ........................................................................................................... 17 3.0 Conclusions .............................................................................................. 19 3.1 Findings as to Causes and Contributing Factors ................................................................. 19 3.2 Findings as to Risk ............................................................................................................... 19 3.3 Other Findings ..................................................................................................................... 19 4.0 Safety Action ........................................................................................... 20 4.1 Safety Action Taken ............................................................................................................ 20 4.1.1 First Air ................................................................................................................................ 20 4.1.2 Nav Canada .......................................................................................................................... 20 4.1.3 Transport Canada ................................................................................................................. 20 5.0 Appendices Appendix ACCanadian Runway Friction Index (CRFI) .................................................................... 21 Appendix B1CFlight Data Recorder Information .............................................................................. 22 Appendix B2CFlight Data Recorder Information .............................................................................. 23 Appendix CCGlossary ........................................................................................................................ 24 1.0 Factual Information 1.1 History of the Flight First Air Flight 860 (FAB 860) was a scheduled flight from Ottawa/MacDonald-Cartier International Airport, Ontario, to Iqaluit, Nunavut, with a