Templuism of the Great Pallavas with Special

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

TEMPLUISM OF THE GREAT PALLAVAS WITH SPECIAL REPERENCE TO MAMALLAPURAM – A STUDY ABSTRACT Temples are found throughout India particularly in Tamil Nadu and it has retained its importance, signification and popularity through the ages. Art, religion, culture, philosophy and society are inseparable in the history of Indian culture. Among them art is the gift of God. The purpose of art is unifying the depth of all things. The westerners call our place of worship as temple, a derivation of Latin word “Templum” which means square or rectangular drawings made by the priest. Temples originally means a holy shrine or building that screened from the eyes of the profane. It is the dwelling place of God. Mamallapuram is situated on the coromandal coast, 58kms to the south of Chennai. It was designated a world Heritage site by UNESCO in 1984 for its standing rage of monuments, dating from the 6th century to 10th century AD. Mamallapuram Shore temple and Dharmaraja ratha in and around sculptures occupy a prominent place. The second chapter explains the significances of the temple. The third chapter entitled the contribution of Pallava to Kanchipuram. The fourth chapter Mamallapuram as a center of arts creations. The fifth chapter is the findings of the researcher. The Shore temple is very first introduces as ambulatory passage way. The ambiguous sculptural monument of the Shore temple reveals clearly the religious conditions prevailing in Pallava period. All the Siva temples are facing in eastern direction but the Shore temple is facing western direction. This is unconventional. Durga devi or Mahishasuramardini battle with buffalo headed demon Mahishasura. The animals are closed to each other it reveals the peaceful atmosphere. Arjuna’s penance is carving a unique in the range of India art. The five monolithic soiled rocks to form five free standing rathas are related to Pandavas of the Mahabharata can be seen only at Mamallapuram. Pallavas are the founders of carving rock-cut temples in the history of Indian architecture. Caves excavated in hill scarps and used as temple, this being in some cases called Mandapas or canopies are introduced only by the Pallavas. The credit of introducing stone in temple construction goes to Rajasimha before his period stones were not used to construct the temple. Even before the Pallava rulers dressed stones were not used to construct the temples. They are introduced the dressed stone. Kanchipuram is sanctified by Divinity, became it is known as Mokshapur, Prithivishethram and Sakthipetham. The shore temple stands as a symbol of showing aesthetic aspiration of the Pallavas. In order to prevent further sea erosion of the structure, periodic action has been taken by the Government. The natural atmosphere both sunrise and sunset offer a brilliant spectacle. Generally speaking temples are the product of religious, philosophical, cultural, sociological and aesthetic quest. So that man is able to achieve his spiritual contact with the Gods. .

Copy Link

Recommended publications

La Beach E-Brochure 99Acers
FIVE RATHAS ROAD, NEXT TO CHARIOT BEACH RESORTS, MAHABALIPURAM, CHENNAI 603 104 La Beach Set on the pristine shores of Mahabalipuram, La Beach is a gated community experience unlike any other. With it’s own private beach and 37 independent Villas (each with their own stunning view of the sea shore, mind you) that dot the way to a one of a kind Clubhouse replete with all kinds of amenities, La Beach offers it’s patrons an unrivalled sense of belonging, privacy and serenity. La Beach also own 3 individual commercial plots ( S1 - 1228 sq.ft, S2 - 1155 sq.ft, S3 - 1163 sq.ft ). “Gaze into the Sea. Take a swim. Unwind on the sand. Everything else can wait.” La Club 7RSXWLWVLPSO\WKHEHVWRIERWKZRUOGV/DFOXEPDWFKHVWKHPDJQL´FHQFHRIWKH Sea and the opulence of the city under one roof. Sea View Infinity Pool That takes you far away into a world unblemished by civilization. Sea View Restaurant That lets you dine with the waves for company. Luxury Pool Villas Every villa resonantes with the spirit of La beach. Inspired by sea life and adapted for a great time. Each villa comes with its own VZLPPLQJSRRODVN\EDWKµRDWLQJEHGURRPVDQGDQRSHQGLQLQJ Replete with all essentail amenities, la beach let’s you stay connected with the world ouside while you choose what you want in the world this side. “Soak your soul with the spirit of the shore and the strength of the sea.” Villa Exterior Villa Isometric Each villa must be 1125 sq.ft of built up area with a 211 sq.ft pool built on a 2840 sq.ft plot with the provided designs.
[Show full text]
The Shore Temple – an Aesthetic Architectural Ecstasy the Twin Temples of Mamallapuram Dr
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR RESEARCH IN EMERGING SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOLUME-1, ISSUE-6, NOVEMBER-2014 E-ISSN: 2349-7610 The Shore Temple – An Aesthetic Architectural Ecstasy The Twin Temples of Mamallapuram Dr. S. A.V. Elanchezian M.F.A., M.Phil., M. A., PhD., Assistant Professor, Department of Architecture, Thiagarajar College of Engineering, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India. [email protected] ABSTRACT Each temple of the Pallava period has had distinctions in some aspects. Even, from the early apsidal structure of Kūram to the smallest temple of Piravathanesvara of Kanchipuram those all having some distinction indeed. In this kind, the structural temples of Pallavas were erected in the various locations as, on Hills; lands and seashore. Thus, besides the usual lands’ temples, hill temples of them are familiarly known as Olakanesvarar temple at Mamallapuram and Talagirisvarar Temple at Panamalai near Senji a fort Town. We don’t know the origination of hill temples in India, but the temple at Badami by Early Chalukyas on hill is according to the source was earlier to the Pallava hill Temples. However the temple erected on the top of hills was became common but the temple at sea shore is obviously a conceptual creative thought of Pallavas which evidenced by through their plan execution and the aesthetic value of the location. Thus the paper interprets of their feature that strangely composed at wet shore purposefully. Keywords - Rajasimha, location, Pañcha Būtas, Naṅthāviḷakku, Sāvā Mūvā Pērāḍu, Moon and the Sun. 1. INTRODUCTION The Nativity of the Pallavas has been still in duel indication as a foreigner or a tribe of own land.
[Show full text]
Kamasundari Shrine ACSAA Slide
Ptg India 101 Sc India 111 Ptg India 121 Arc India 142 Chibadaram 17th C Gangaikondacholapuram Hampi-Vijayanagar Sc India 132 Madurai,C.12thC&Later Sri Nataraja Temple Brihadesvara Temple Virupaksha Temple Kumbakonam C.9th C Minakshi-Sundaresvara Nagesvaraswami Temple Ceiling Mandapa Siva- Sarasvati, C.1030 Mandapa Ceiling,15thC Temp--Pudu Mandapam Kamasundari Shrine Wall Lft Nth Entrance Shiva as Tripurantaka South Wall Of Sanctum Monolithic Pillar ACSAA Slide (c) AAAUM ACSAA Slide (c)AAAUM ACSAA Slide (c)AAAUM Female Fig <Apsaras?> 17th C. (c)AAAUM ACSAA Slide (c)AAAUM Ptg India 102 Arc India 112 Arc India 122 Sc India 143 Chibadaram 17th C Hampi-Vijayanagar Hampi-Vijayanagar Ptg India 133 Madurai,C.12thC&Later Sri Nataraja Temple Vitthala Temple 16thC Council Hall, 16thC Lepakshi 16th C Minakshi-Sundaresvara Virabhadraswami Temp. Shiva(Bhikashatana) & View Of Gopuram ACSAA Slide (c)AAAUM Temp--Pudu Mandapam Rishi's Wives ACSAA Slide (c)AAAUM Ceiling Rangamandapa Tirumalai Nayak&Wives Detail 101 (c) AAAUM Arc India 123 Maids Attend Parvati 17th C. (c)AAAUM Arc India 113 Hampi-Vijayanagar ACSAA Slide (c)AAAUM Ptg India 103 Hampi-Vijayanagar Elephant Stables Ptg India 144 Chibadaram 17th C Vitthala Temple 16thC Ptg India 134 Madurai,C.12thC&Later Sri Nataraja Temple 16th C Lepakshi 16th C Minakshi-Sundaresvara Mandapa ACSAA Slide (c)AAAUM Virabhadraswami Temp. Rishi's Wives ACSAA Slide (c)AAAUM Temp, Shiva Lilas Detail Of 101 Arc India 124 Maids Attend Parvati Painting On Wood ACSAA Slide (c) AAAUM Arc India 114 Kanchipuram C.725 Detail Of 133 19th C. (c)AAAUM Hampi-Vijayanagar Kailasanatha Temple ACSAA Slide (c)AAAUM Ptg India 104 Vitthala Temple 16thC Ptg India 145 Chibadaram 17th C View From SE Ptg India 135 Madurai,C.12thC&Later Sri Nataraja Temple Mandapa Pillars ACSAA Slide (c)AAAUM Lepakshi 16th C Minakshi-Sundaresvara ACSAA Slide (c)AAAUM Virabhadraswami Temp.
[Show full text]
Pancha Rathas, the Five Stone Temples of the Mahabalipuram Site: Opportunity to Revive Its Lost Garden Heritage Through Ecotourism
Licensed under a Creative Commons Cadernos de Arquitetura e Urbanismo | Paranoá 28 Attribution International License. Pancha rathas, the five stone temples of the Mahabalipuram site: opportunity to revive its lost garden heritage through ecotourism Pancha rathas, os cinco templos de pedra do sítio de Mahabalipuram: oportunidade de reviver sua herança de jardins perdidos por meio do ecoturismo Pancha rathas, los cinco templos de piedra del sitio Mahabalipuram: oportunidad de revivir su herencia de jardines perdidos a través del ecoturismo AHMED, Sayed 1 1 Anhalt University of Applied Sciences, Dessau, Germany. [email protected] ORCID ID: 0000-0003-1384-7668 Recebido em 18/04/2020 Aceito em 31/07/2020 2020, © Copyright by Authors. DOI: http://doi.org/10.18830/issn.1679-0944.n28.2020.07 Licensed under a Creative Commons Cadernos de Arquitetura e Urbanismo | Paranoá 28 Attribution International License. Abstract Heritage and landscape development may take place within the heritage assemble procedure. The study presents a case of Stone heritage, characterized by an important intangible Vedic chanting heritage which again linked to the seashore forest and Pallava temple architecture. The purpose is to search diverse physiognomies of what opportunity exists in natural context and its playing role with the built heritage and eco-tourism. The methodology includes an extensive literature review of previous texts and collecting key factors out of those literary and pictorial data for historical evidence proved analysis. The results developed from a scientific approach over such case where ethnology, ancient technology and architectural style might have lost its authenticity and integrity for robust deforestation of associated garden heritage over different courses of time just because of the absence of boundary and buffer zone concept.
[Show full text]
Pallav Architecture
PALLAV ARCHITECTURE The great Pallavas of Kanchi rose to power in the latter of the sixth century. Their coming marks an important epoch in the history of south Indian architecture. Politically and Geographically they dominated the southern region continuously until the ninth century A.D. Mahendravarman I (C. 580 – 630 A.D) inherited from his father SimhaVisnu a vast empire extending from the river pennaras far as the Kaveri. The First rock-cut architecture of Mahendra Varman I was the Laksitayatana Trimurti cave temple at Mandagapattu, hewn out of granite. The inscription in this cave states: “This brick less, timber less, metal less and mortar less abode of laksita was caused to be made by king Vicitracitta for Brahma, Isvara and Vishnu. King Mahendra caused nine temples, similar to the Laksitayatana cave temple Mandagapattu, to be excavated, they are:- The Pancha Pandava cave at Pallavaram the Rudravalisvaram or cave temple no. 2 at Mamandur. The Kalmandapam at Kuranganilmuttam the vasantesvara or the larger cave temple at vallam. The Mahendra Visnugriha at Mahendravadi the Visnu cave temple at Mamandur the Lalitankura Pallavesuaragriha (upper cave) at Tiruchirapalli. The Satrumalles Varalaya at Dalvanur and the Avinabhajana Pallavesvara Griha at Siyamangalam. These cave temples imitated the interiors of structural buildings made out of more perishable material like wood. The mandapa is divided into the Mukha and ardha mandapa. Under the patronage of the successors of Mahendravraman I, namely Nararsimhavarman II Rajasimha a series of cave temples were excavated. Since they followMahendra’s style rather closely, they are designated as belonging to the post-mahendra style.
[Show full text]
Mahabalipuram's Gods of Stone
Mahabalipuram's gods of stone The Shore Temple A prominent seaport that finds mention in the works of ancient mariners, historians and travellers, Mahabalipuram (also known as Mammalapuram and Kadalmallai) is one of the oldest sites in India. It has been written about by Ptolemy and Hiuen Tsang and has been marked in a Spanish world map called Carta Catalana in the 14th century, where the site is referred to as Setemelti, probably referring to it as “Sette Templi” or Seven Temples in Spanish. It is said that there was evidence of trade with Rome, China and other Southeast Asian countries and it was a thriving port during the Pallava regime between the 7th and 10th centuries. Another view of the Shore Temple Our history books have taught us that seven pagodas or such temples were initially constructed and the lone survivor is today a UNESCO World heritage Site. Built by the Pallavas, there are three temples here – two dedicated to Shiva and the other to Vishnu. Here the sculpture of Vishnu is found sleeping, hence the deity is known as Sthala Shayana Perumal or Ananthasayana. It is said that Vishnu reclines on the floor listening silently to the sounds of names. It is pretty dark in there and one has to strain to catch the glimpse of the God asleep. An unfinished enclosure, with rows of sculpted Nandis, greets you. Recent excavations have unearthed various sculptures and shrines near the temple. Arjuna’s Penance This is sheer poetry on stone. Carved on a rock face are stories relating to deities and mortals.
[Show full text]
Vimana: a Crisis of Translation
Syracuse University SURFACE School of Architecture Dissertations and Architecture Senior Theses Theses Spring 2019 Vimana: A Crisis of Translation Apoorva Rao Syracuse University Follow this and additional works at: https://surface.syr.edu/architecture_theses Part of the Architecture Commons Recommended Citation Rao, Apoorva, "Vimana: A Crisis of Translation" (2019). Architecture Senior Theses. 436. https://surface.syr.edu/architecture_theses/436 This Thesis, Senior is brought to you for free and open access by the School of Architecture Dissertations and Theses at SURFACE. It has been accepted for inclusion in Architecture Senior Theses by an authorized administrator of SURFACE. For more information, please contact [email protected]. 1 01 A Crisis of Translation VIMANA 3 Apoorva Rao Advisor: Richard Rosa Syracuse University School of Architecture Advisory Group: Richard Rosa, Elizabeth Kamell, Timothy Stenson ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 00 A Sincere thanks to Eli Warshauer C. Ravindran from Vastulab Syracuse University Ellie Derwenskus Dr. Choodamani Nandagopal, School of Architecture Amreeta Verma and Neha Tummalapalli Rajendra Uncle and Family for the Ralph T. Walker Sukhmann Aneja Travel Prize which Fatima Mohammad for the references regarding allowed me to travel Ramya Swaminathan hindu temple architecture, to India to do extended Karisma Dev answering questions, research on South Ife(Debbie) and taking me to sites in Indian temples. Arezo Hakemy Karnataka and Tamil Nadu. Prof. Romita Ray Kapoor, for model and drawing Prof. Lawrence Chua, help, taking photos of Prof. Richard Rosa models and help with verbal presentation for reading references, refinement. continued support, and design help. additional SuperJury pinup , Dora Lo Ethan Benoit Christopher Autera 7 CONTENTS 01 MANIFESTO 02 PROLOGUE 03 HINDU TEMPLES 04 DESIGN 05 APPENDIX A.
[Show full text]
Stone Carving - Mahabalipuram the Skillful Crafts in Stone by Prof
D’source 1 Digital Learning Environment for Design - www.dsource.in Design Resource Stone Carving - Mahabalipuram The Skillful Crafts in Stone by Prof. Bibhudutta Baral, Mr. Antony William and Ms. Aruna Kumari NID, Bengaluru Source: http://www.dsource.in/resource/stone-carving-ma- habalipuram 1. Introduction 2. History of Monuments 3. Tools and Raw Materials 4. Making Process 5. Products 6. Contact Details D’source 2 Digital Learning Environment for Design - www.dsource.in Design Resource Introduction Stone Carving - About the place: Mahabalipuram Mahabalipuram is a small town in Kanchipuram district of Tamilnadu. It is located 60 Km away from Chennai. The Skillful Crafts in Stone Mahabalipuram is also called as Mahamallapuram. This place has a great history for its traditional historical mon- by uments. Stone carving in Mahabalipuram is famous for its 7th and 8th century art and architecture of Pallavas Prof. Bibhudutta Baral, Mr. Antony William and period. Ms. Aruna Kumari NID, Bengaluru Introduction: Tamilnadu “The land of Temples” is rich in stone art. Mahabalipuram located 60 Km away from Chennai, is the main center for ancient stone carving. The Craftsmen belong to Viswakarma community which practices the craft. The carving style of this place is closer to the Kerala carving style as the region was once part of the state Source: of Kerala. Red and black, white granites are available locally in Mahabalipuram. These stones are locally called as http://www.dsource.in/resource/stone-carving-ma- karuppu kal (black), Vellali kal (white). Granite is first stenciled and chiseled according to the determined lines. Af- habalipuram/introduction ter carving the final product, the surface is smoothened and cleaned to achieve the shine luster.
[Show full text]
Political and Cultural History of the Pallavas of Kanchipuram
Political and cultural history of the Pallavas of Kanchipuram Sources for the History of the Pallavas The sources for the history of the Pallavas may be classified as native and foreign sources. The native sources may further be classified as literary and archaeological sources. The literary sources for the study of Pallavas include both Tamil and Sanskrit literature. They provide a lot of information about the Pallavas. Tamil Literature The Tamil literature consisted of the songs composed by Azhalvars and Nayanmars. They had lived during the Paliava period. The compositions of Azhalvars are known as Nalayira Divya Prabhandam. The songs of Nayanmars are compiled into Panniru Thirumurais. These works describe the social and religious life of the people during the Pallava rule. The Periyapuranam written by Sekizhar is also another important literary source for this period. Sanskrit Literature The Sanskrit works Avani Sundari Katha written by Dandin and Loga Vibagam written by Sarva Nandi provide a lot of information about the importance of Simhavishnu and his rule, The famous Pallava monarch Mahendravarman I he wrote the Mathavilasa Prakasanam in Sanskrit language. It provides information regarding the social and religious condition during the Pallava period. Archaeological Sources Copper plates, inscriptions, monuments and coins remain the important archaeological sources: for the study of the Pallavas. The Allahabad Pillar Inscription of Samudragupta mentions about the Pallava king Vishnu Gopa. The Aihole Inscription of the Chalukyan king, Pulakesin II gives details about the Pallava Chalukya conflict. The Kenthoor Stone Carving of Keethivarman also belonged to the Pallava period Apart from these popular inscriptions; there exist hundreds of Pallava inscriptions throughout South India.
[Show full text]
A Study of Natural Light in Hindu Temples in the Southern Region of Tamilnadu, India (7' Century AD to 17' Century AD)
THE HOLY LIGHT: A STUDY OF NATURAL LIGHT IN HINDU TEMPLES IN THE SOUTHERN REGION OF TAMILNADU, INDIA (7 CENTURY AD TO 17 CENTURY AD) A Thesis by ANURADHA MUKHERJI Submitted to the Office of Graduate Studies of Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE August 2001 Major Subject: Architecture THE HOLY LIGHT: A STUDY OF NATURAL LIGHT IN HINDU TEMPLES IN THE SOUTHERN REGION OF TAMILNADU, INDIA (7 CENTURY AD TO 17 CENTURY AD) A Thesis by ANURADHA MUKHERJI Submitted to Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE Approved as to style and content by: Anat Geva David G. Woodcock (Chair of Committee) (Member) Sylv' Grider (Member) Thomas L. McKittrick (Head of Department) August 2001 Major Subject: Architecture ABSTRACT Thc Holy Light: A Study of Natural Light in Hindu Temples in the Southern Region of Tamilnadu, India (7' Century AD to 17' Century AD). (August 2001) Anuradha Mukherji, Dip. Arch. , Center for Environmental Planning and Technology, India Chair of Advisory Committee: Dr. Anat Geva This thesis discusses the phenomenon of natural light that becomes the holy light in sacred architecture. In pursuing this investigation the study addressed three major objectives. First, to understand the significance of religion in the treatment of light in sacred monmnents around the world. Second, to understand the methods used to achieve the desired light quality in the ancient south Indian Hindu temples. Third, to add to the existing body of knowledge in the field of study of ancient south Indian Hindu temples.
[Show full text]
Temples Are the Symbolic Reconstruction of the Universe. the Graceful Blessings of God and the Lives of Human Beings Are Linked
253 Temples are the symbolic reconstruction of the universe. The graceful blessings of God and the lives of human beings are linked together continuously in which time is conceived as a crystal system. Art is the reflection of the life of the people and also the store house of their noblest thoughts. The important contribution of temple is to promote creative art, architecture, sculpture, painting, music, dance, culture and religious activities. Hence temples are the background of all the social and religious activities of the human beings. In the first chapter, I have elaborately discussed the definition of temple and its meaning and its significances of Mamallapuram which are needed for the study, and also the limitation of the study, plan of the study, delimitation sources and review of literature, The second chapter explains the significances of the temple, arts, architecture, styles of Indian architecture, significances of Hindu temple, folk context of Indian temple, ideals of temple art, symbolism and their significances, religious conditions, Bhakti movement and religion in Pallava period. The third chapter entitled the contribution of Pallava to Kanchipuram which comprises the history of Pallavas, characteristic features of Pallava’s religious art, artistic style and the famous temples in Kanchipuram. The fourth chapter deals with Mamallapuram as a centre of arts creations which contain all the information pertaining to 254 Mamallapuram (rathas, caves, mandapas and temple). This is the central point of my thesis. The ongoing research reveals Templuism of the great Pallavas with special reference to Mamallapuram that has remained famous for rock – cut temples and structural temples.
[Show full text]
A Case Study of Mahabalipuram, Tamilnadu
International Journal of Social Science and Economics Invention (IJESSI) Volume 02 Issue 09 December 2016, ISSN No. – 2455-6289 Available Online at - www.isij.in ISIJ PUBLICATION ISSN - 2455-6289 Open Access Journal Role of Tourism in Social Development - A Case Study of Mahabalipuram, Tamilnadu Dr. D. Antony Ashok Kumar Director & Principal, SRM Institute of Hotel Management, Kattankulathur, Kancheepuram, Dist.603203 ABSTRACT: Tourism plays a major role in social development of a place. Developing a location for tourism not only brings in more tourists but also has several inter related advantages. There are several problems and possibilities faced during the development of tourism in a place. Developing a location for tourism brings in more tourists. Since the tourists rate increase, food and accommodation for tourists has to be provided. The hotels and lodges are opened for the tourists through whom revenue can be generated. Moreover transport facilities for that place increases, which paves way for the place to become a perfect holiday destination. Once it gets identified as a tourist spot, the government takes efforts to make it environmental friendly and the tourist rates increase rapidly. The major factor which is required to be considered is because of the opening of hotels and lodges, more job opportunities are created for the people and local community people have an extended advantage of being the tour guide of the destination. This research paper focuses on the major tourist destination Mahabalipuram also called as Mahabalipuram located right on the coramandel coast very next to Bay of Bengal in Chennai, Tamil Nadu. During the Pallava dynasty in the 7th and 10th centuries, it was a well-known sea port and also has several arts, architectures, rock cut caves etc.
[Show full text]