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The relationship of galaxy morphology to nuclear star formation in noninteracting spiral galaxies. Item Type text; Dissertation-Reproduction (electronic) Authors Pompea, Stephen Mark. Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 28/09/2021 17:26:16 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184893 INFORMATION TO USERS The most advanced technology has been used to photo graph and reproduce this manuscript from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. 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Ann Arbor, MI48106 THE RELATIONSHIP OF GALAXY MORPHOLOGY TO NUCLEAR STAR FORMATION IN NON-INTERACTING SPmAL GALAXIES by Stephen Mark Pompea A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the DEPARTMENT OF ASTRONOMY In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 198 9 THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA GRADUATE COLLEGE As members of the Final Examination Committee, we certify that we have read the dissertation prepared by ___S_t_e~p_h_e~n~M~a~r~k_P~o~rn~p~e~a~ ________________________ entitled The Relationship of Galaxy Norphology to Nuclear Star Formation in N~n-Interacting Spiral Galaxies and recommend that it be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement for the Degree of __~D~o~c~t~o~r~o~f~P~h~i~l~o~s~op~h~YL- __________________________________ Date Date Date Erick T. Young Date Final approval and acceptance of this dissertation is contingent upon the candidate's submission of the final copy of the dissertation to the Graduate College. I hereby certify that I have read this dissertation prepared under my direction and recommend that it be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement. /7 J ;,' ! l~ .. t' . D}2~~sseL~a ~on D~rector, George H. Rieke Date 3 STATEMENT BY AUTHOR This dissertation has been submitted in partial fulftllment of requirements for an advanced degree at The University of Arizona and is deposited in the University Library to be made available to borrowers under rules of the Library. Brief quotations from this dissertation are allowable without special permission, provided that accurate acknowledgement of source is made. Requests for permission for extended quotation from or reproduction of this manuscript in whole or in part may be granted by the head of the major department or the Dean of the Graduate College when in his or her judgement the proposed use of the material is in the interests of scholarship. In all other instances, however, permission must be obtained from the author. 4 To my mother Irene, my father Ed, and Nancy: three veteran lovers of me and of life. 5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First, I would like to thank my advisor George Rieke for giving me valuable advice and guidance at crucial steps along the way and for keeping an eye out for the road ahead. Your wisdom, insights, and patience have been and are sincerely appreciated. I would also like to thank Marcia Rieke and my committee members Bill Hoffmann, Craig Hogan, Chris Impey, and Erick Young for their valuable suggestions. I want to also thank my fellow graduate students of my class, especially Buell J annuzi, Bill Latter, and Erica Ellingson for their support. Thanks also to Mark Cornell and Dennis Zaritsky for constructive criticism of portions of Chapters 3 and 4 respectively, and to Richard Elston and Walt Kailey for many helpful and insightful comments. Special thanks to Connie and Chris Walker, who have been supportive friends throughout graduate school and to the many other graduate students at Steward who have enriched my life. I also thank Jim Liebert for his sense of humor and humanity which have benefitted me throughout my time at Steward. I have had a number of mentors and friends who have encouraged me on this journey: Ray Talbot, Peter Kahn, Roger Culver, Peggy Furtney, Beverly Cole, Billie Jean James, Joanne Brownlie, Bill Fraser, Joe Martin, Sid Russak, Frank Bartko, Bob Breault, Gloria Bernat, and especially Lyle Bergquist. I thank each of you for your thoughtful, catalytic words that reminded me of my power. Thanks are also due to some important teachers in my life: Gene Carroll, Duane Garnett, Don Pegler, Faye Metcalf, Clarence Day, and Raymond Holliday. Special thanks to David Ulmer, who taught me a tremendous amount about astronomy and astronomy teaching, at what now seems like a tender age. I also want to acknowledge Leopold Winter, a holocaust survivor who always challenged my thinking, for teaching me how to fix flats on my journeys. I shall never forget our discussions. Special thanks are du\~ to Nancy, my wife, who has mostly known me as a graduate student, and most recently, one in the throes of writing a dissertation. I trust that you will like me as well after I decompress. Thanks for your continuous encouragement, support, and advice. Thanks also to Brad and Cindy whose entrance into my life has enriched and changed me greatly during this period. Thanks also to my brothers and sisters, Gummy, Bud, BJ. and my Aunt Olga who have helped me keep it all in perspective. I especially want to acknowledge my parents for their love and support. From my parents I learned how to tinker, to question, and to explore. They encouraged me in my dreams, and have exhibited true courage in their own lives. Thank you. 6 TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .................................. 5 TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................... 6 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS ................................. 8 LIST OF TABLES ....................................... 11 ABSTRACT ........................................... 12 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION .............................. 14 Morphology: The Patterns of Observed Forms in Galaxies . l4 The Hubble System . 15 Limitations of Morphological Classification .................. 16 Morphology: The Patterns of Observed Behavior . 18 Morphology and the Star Formation Process ........'......... 18 Observational Approaches to Measuring Star Formation Activity . 19 Overview of Techniques (Excluding Far Infrared) . 19 Far Infrared Measurements as Quantifiers of Star Formation 21 CHAPTER 2: INHIBmON OF STAR FORMATION IN SA GALAXIES 24 Introdoction ., . " 24 Trend of Luminosity with Morphology ...................... 26 High Luminosity Sa Galaxies . .. 27 Infrared Observations ......... " 29 HI Data ......................................... 34 CO Data ...................................... '. " 35 Conclusions .. " 38 CHAPTER 3: THE EFFECT OF BULGES ON THE INFRARED PROPERTIES OF GALAXIES .. ...... " 57 Introduction .. .. 57 The Effect of the Bulge Component on Star Formation ........... 58 Measuring BID Ratios ................................ 60 Characteristic of the Samples ....... .. 61 The Cornell Sample ............................. 61 The Kent Sample . " 62 The Kodaira et al. Sample ......................... 63 Preliminary Analysis of Properties of the Cornell Sample .......... 64 7 Correlations of Infrared Properties with B/I' for T=I,2,3 .......... , 65 Discussion of Results . .. 66 The Bulge/Disk Ratio and the Hubble Sequence ........... 66 Comparison with Sa Sample '" . .. 67 Conclusion . .. 70 CHAPTER 4: A TEST OF THE ASSOCIATION OF INFRARED ACfIVITY WITH BARS .............................. 89 Introduction . " 89 Sample Selection and Observations ........................ 91 Fixed Pattern Noise Sources . .. 92 Fixed time sources ......... " 92 Time varying sources ............................ 93 Data Reduction . " 94 Analysis of GASP Results . " 96 Mid-infrared Observations ........................... " 103 Bars and Infrared Activity