Ss Carlemgne: the 33Rd Waffen-Grenadier Division of the Ss Pdf, Epub, Ebook
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Echoes of Memory Volume 9
Echoes of Memory Volume 9 CONTENTS JACQUELINE MENDELS BIRN MICHEL MARGOSIS The Violins of Hope ...................................................2 In Transit, Spain ........................................................ 28 RUTH COHEN HARRY MARKOWICZ Life Is Good ....................................................................3 A Letter to the Late Mademoiselle Jeanne ..... 34 Sunday Lunch at Charlotte’s House ................... 36 GIDEON FRIEDER True Faith........................................................................5 ALFRED MÜNZER Days of Remembrance in Rymanow ..................40 ALBERT GARIH Reunion in Ebensee ................................................. 43 Flory ..................................................................................8 My Mother ..................................................................... 9 HALINA YASHAROFF PEABODY Lying ..............................................................................46 PETER GOROG A Gravestone for Those Who Have None .........12 ALFRED TRAUM A Three-Year-Old Saves His Mother ..................14 The S.S. Zion ...............................................................49 The Death Certificate That Saved Vienna, Chanukah 1938 ...........................................52 Our Lives ..................................................................................... 16 SUSAN WARSINGER JULIE KEEFER Bringing the Lessons Home ................................. 54 Did He Know I Was Jewish? ...................................18 Feeling Good ...............................................................55 -
The Development and Character of the Nazi Political Machine, 1928-1930, and the Isdap Electoral Breakthrough
Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses Graduate School 1976 The evelopmeD nt and Character of the Nazi Political Machine, 1928-1930, and the Nsdap Electoral Breakthrough. Thomas Wiles Arafe Jr Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses Recommended Citation Arafe, Thomas Wiles Jr, "The eD velopment and Character of the Nazi Political Machine, 1928-1930, and the Nsdap Electoral Breakthrough." (1976). LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses. 2909. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses/2909 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS This material was produced from a microfilm copy of the original document. While the most advanced technological means to photograph and reproduce this document have been used, the quality is heavily dependent upon the quality of the original submitted. « The following explanation of techniques is provided to help you understand markings or patterns which may appear on this reproduction. 1.The sign or "target" for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is "Missing Page(s)". If it was possible to obtain the missing pega(s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting thru an image and duplicating adjacent pages to insure you complete continuity. 2. When an image on the film is obliterated with a large round black mark, it is an indication that the photographer suspected that the copy may have moved during exposure and thus cause a blurred image. -
THE POLISH POLICE Collaboration in the Holocaust
THE POLISH POLICE Collaboration in the Holocaust Jan Grabowski The Polish Police Collaboration in the Holocaust Jan Grabowski INA LEVINE ANNUAL LECTURE NOVEMBER 17, 2016 The assertions, opinions, and conclusions in this occasional paper are those of the author. They do not necessarily reflect those of the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. First printing, April 2017 Copyright © 2017 by Jan Grabowski THE INA LEVINE ANNUAL LECTURE, endowed by the William S. and Ina Levine Foundation of Phoenix, Arizona, enables the Center to bring a distinguished scholar to the Museum each year to conduct innovative research on the Holocaust and to disseminate this work to the American public. Wrong Memory Codes? The Polish “Blue” Police and Collaboration in the Holocaust In 2016, seventy-one years after the end of World War II, the Polish Ministry of Foreign Affairs disseminated a long list of “wrong memory codes” (błędne kody pamięci), or expressions that “falsify the role of Poland during World War II” and that are to be reported to the nearest Polish diplomat for further action. Sadly—and not by chance—the list elaborated by the enterprising humanists at the Polish Foreign Ministry includes for the most part expressions linked to the Holocaust. On the long list of these “wrong memory codes,” which they aspire to expunge from historical narrative, one finds, among others: “Polish genocide,” “Polish war crimes,” “Polish mass murders,” “Polish internment camps,” “Polish work camps,” and—most important for the purposes of this text—“Polish participation in the Holocaust.” The issue of “wrong memory codes” will from time to time reappear in this study. -
American Intelligence and the Question of Hitler's Death
American Intelligence and the Question of Hitler’s Death Undergraduate Research Thesis Presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for graduation with honors research distinction in History in the Undergraduate colleges of The Ohio State University by Kelsey Mullen The Ohio State University November 2014 Project Advisor: Professor Alice Conklin, Department of History Project Mentor: Doctoral Candidate Sarah K. Douglas, Department of History American Intelligence and the Question of Hitler’s Death 2 Introduction The fall of Berlin marked the end of the European theatre of the Second World War. The Red Army ravaged the city and laid much of it to waste in the early days of May 1945. A large portion of Hitler’s inner circle, including the Führer himself, had been holed up in the Führerbunker underneath the old Reich Chancellery garden since January of 1945. Many top Nazi Party officials fled or attempted to flee the city ruins in the final moments before their destruction at the Russians’ hands. When the dust settled, the German army’s capitulation was complete. There were many unanswered questions for the Allies of World War II following the Nazi surrender. Invading Russian troops, despite recovering Hitler’s body, failed to disclose this fact to their Allies when the battle ended. In September of 1945, Dick White, the head of counter intelligence in the British zone of occupation, assigned a young scholar named Hugh Trevor- Roper to conduct an investigation into Hitler’s last days in order to refute the idea the Russians promoted and perpetuated that the Führer had escaped.1 Major Trevor-Roper began his investigation on September 18, 1945 and presented his conclusions to the international press on November 1, 1945. -
Whose Hi/Story Is It? the U.S. Reception of Downfall
Whose Hi/story Is It? The U.S. Reception of Downfall David Bathrick Before I address the U.S. media response to the fi lm Downfall, I would like to mention a methodological problem that I encountered time and again when researching this essay: whether it is possible to speak of reception in purely national terms in this age of globalization, be it a foreign fi lm or any other cultural artifact. Generally speaking, Bernd Eichinger’s large-scale production Downfall can be considered a success in America both fi nancially and critically. On its fi rst weekend alone in New York City it broke box-offi ce records for the small repertory movie theater Film Forum, grossing $24,220, despite its consider- able length, some two and a half hours, and the fact that it was shown in the original with subtitles. Nationally, audience attendance remained unusually high for the following twelve weeks, compared with average fi gures for other German fi lms made for export markets.1 Downfall, which grossed $5,501,940 to the end of October 2005, was an unequivocal box-offi ce hit. One major reason for its success was certainly the content. Adolf Hit- ler, in his capacity as star of the silver screen, has always been a suffi cient This article originally appeared in Das Böse im Blick: Die Gegenwart des Nationalsozialismus im Film, ed. Margrit Frölich, Christian Schneider, and Karsten Visarius (Munich: edition text und kritik, 2007). 1. The only more recent fi lm to earn equivalent revenue was Nirgendwo in Afrika. -
Grubbing out the Führerbunker: Ruination, Demolition and Berlin's Difficult Subterranean Heritage
Grubbing out the Führerbunker: Ruination, demolition and Berlin’s difficult subterranean heritage BENNETT, Luke <http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6416-3755> Available from Sheffield Hallam University Research Archive (SHURA) at: http://shura.shu.ac.uk/24085/ This document is the author deposited version. You are advised to consult the publisher's version if you wish to cite from it. Published version BENNETT, Luke (2019). Grubbing out the Führerbunker: Ruination, demolition and Berlin’s difficult subterranean heritage. Geographia Polonica, 92 (1). Copyright and re-use policy See http://shura.shu.ac.uk/information.html Sheffield Hallam University Research Archive http://shura.shu.ac.uk Grubbing out the Führerbunker: Ruination, demolition and Berlin’s difficult subterranean heritage Luke Bennett Reader in Space, Place & Law, Department of the Natural & Built Environment, Sheffield Hallam University, Norfolk 306, Howard St, Sheffield, S1 1WB, United Kingdom. [email protected] Abstract This article presents a case study examining the slow-death of the Berlin Führerbunker since 1945. Its seventy year longitudinal perspective shows how processes of ruination, demolition and urban renewal in central Berlin have been affected by materially and politically awkward relict Nazi subterranean structures. Despite now being a buried pile of rubble, the Führerbunker’s continued resonance is shown to be the product of a heterogeneous range of influences, spanning wartime concrete bunkers’ formidable material resistance, their affective affordances and evolving cultural attitudes towards ruins, demolition, memory, memorialisation, tourism and real estate in the German capital. Keywords Ruin – Demolition – Bunkers – Subterranean – Berlin – Nazism – Heritage – Materiality 1 On 30th April 1945 Adolf Hitler committed suicide in the Führerbunker, a reinforced concrete structure buried 8.5 metres beneath the ministerial gardens flanking the Reich Chancellery in central Berlin. -
List of Significant Historical Characters in Der Untergang / the Downfall
list of significant historical characters in Der Untergang / The Downfall Adolf Hitler (played by Bruno Ganz) Traudl Humps Junge (played by Alexandra Maria Lara): Hitler’s youngest personal secretary, 1942-1945. Released an autobiography in 2002 and appeared in the documentary Im toten Winkel / Blind Spot, also in 2002. She died in Munich that same year. Eva Braun (played by Juliane Köhler): Hitler’s girlfriend and, very briefly, his wife. Committed suicide together with Hitler in April 1945. Hermann Fegelein (played by Thomas Kretschmann): Obergruppenführer or General in SS. Part of Hitler’s inner circle, due in part to marriage to Eva Braun’s sister and service as Himmler’s adjutant starting 1943. Fled bunker in April 1945 but was caught. Circumstances of death uncertain, but most likely executed in April 1945. Alfred Jodl (played by Christian Redl): A top officer in the Wehrmacht High Command. Signed the unconditional surrender in May 1945. Hanged October 1946 after Nuremberg Trial. Magda Goebbels (played by Corinna Harfouch): Joseph Goebbels’s wife. Had some role in the murder of their six children in Hitler’s bunker. Died May 1, 1945 along with Joseph Goebbels. Joseph Goebbels (played by Ulrich Matthes): Propaganda Minister, architect of Kristallnacht, directed book burnings. Died May 1, 1945 outside the bunker in an unconfirmed manner. Albert Speer (played by Heino Ferch): Hitler’s architect, also Minister of Armaments and War Production. Known as “the Nazi who said sorry.” At Nuremberg, sentenced to 20 years at Spandau. Released 1966, published two autobiographies. Died 1981 in London. Wilhelm Mohnke (played by André Hennicke): High-ranking General in the SS. -
Art at the German Bundestag Cyrillic Graffiti
Graffiti written in Cyrillic on the walls of the Reichstag building in 1945 by Red Army roof has became an iconic soldiers were uncovered of history from the walls. image: it forms part of their col- when the building was conver- By an irony of history, some lective memory of the ‘great ted to house the new plenary nineteenth-century decoration war for the fatherland’, even chamber of the German Bundes- and some traces of the battle though it was staged by Khaldei tag. Immediately after Christo that raged around the Reichs- a few days after the event and Jeanne-Claude’s wrapping tag building in April 1945 and retouched by him several of the Reichstag building, survived precisely because times. Over the following in consultation with the Bundes- architect Sir Norman Foster they were hidden by the fibre- days Soviet soldiers flocked to tag’s Building Committee and (b. 1935) began to remove its board. They included the graf- the occupied Reichstag buil- Art Council. Foster incor- inner covering of gypsum fiti written by Soviet soldiers. ding, which for them embodied porated these ‘imprints of the fibreboard and asbestos. Paul their victory over Hitler’s past’, as he called them, in the Baumgarten (1900 – 1984), In the final days of the war, Germany. They took symbolic Over two hundred graffiti came interior design of the remodel- the first architect to remodel during the Battle of Berlin, possession of the building by to light when Sir Norman led building: he framed them the building, in the 1960s, had the Reichstag building was the writing their name and where Foster removed the 1960s clad- with areas of plaster, like installed the sheets of fibre- scene of particularly fierce they came from in coloured ding from the walls. -
Hitler's Bunker - Recreating the End
Hitler's Bunker - Recreating the End Hitler's Third Reich is falling apart. The German people are being bombed, at every turn, by the Allies. In the east, Soviet troops are making great strides toward Berlin. The capital, itself, is endlessly bombed. Nearly everyone there realizes that the war is lost. When orders from Berlin direct Baden officials to blow-up their waterworks and public utilities, it seems like even the order-givers know the war was lost. Who would blow-up their own infrastructure if the country is safe from invaders? Against this backdrop, we catch-up with Albert Speer (Hitler's architect). He is on his way to Berlin to meet with Hitler. James O'Donnell's book The Bunker, about the last days of the Third Reich—based on extensive eyewitness interviews and documents—helps us to see through the chaos as Speer makes the journey to Berlin. It is late March, 1945, and he will confront his boss about the inevitable: Before returning to Berlin, Speer took a last quick swing south, to Baden. He was in Heidelberg when the Berlin order came through to blow up every waterworks and public utility in Baden. He suggested that all these orders be dropped into a mailbox about to be overrun by American troops. On at least two occasions, Speer was driving and weaving his car between the advancing Americans and the retreating Germans. Only his knowledge of the backroads of the Odenwald, his childhood tramping grounds behind Heidelberg, saved him from capture. Speer was back in Berlin the next day, March 26, having arrived around midnight after a strenuous drive. -
US Army, Berlin, 1961-1994
COLD WARRIORS, GOOD NEIGHBORS, SMART POWER: U.S. ARMY, BERLIN, 1961-1994 Rex A. Childers A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate College of Bowling Green State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY August 2015 Committee: Beth A. Griech-Polelle, Advisor Marc V. Simon Graduate Faculty Representative Bill Allison Michael E. Brooks © 2015 Rex Childers All Rights Reserved iii ABSTRACT Beth Griech-Polelle, Advisor The end of the Cold War and the manner in which it was “won” by the Allied nations ignited debate over the utility of military power as a source of American leadership in the new unipolar world. A popular theme arose, that a new form of state power, soft power, had the capacity to achieve America’s interests as it prepared to enter the 21st century. The idea that expensive and dangerous technologies could be replaced by investments in peaceful means of influence, wielded by America’s foreign policy professionals to foster a new cooperative spirit in the world, was naturally attractive. The United States could be relieved of much of its global military presence and reduce its military’s intrusions upon foreign people and their cultures. This dissertation challenges the assumption that the impact of military stationing in the Cold War was limited to hard power. In the case of the U.S. Army in Berlin, the unit and its members practiced civic, social, cultural, and political behaviors that meet the criteria of the post-Cold War branded term, soft power. In their daily interactions with Berliners, they exercised the full spectrum of foreign policy smart power tools, as Cold Warrior defenders of West Berlin and in compliance with U.S. -
34 ARMY August 2011
U.S. Army U.S. 34 ARMY I August 2011 By COL Cole C. Kingseed U.S. Army retired n the 70 years since the United States tion for the postwar world. embarked upon World War II, the repu- Two years from the day when Japan at- tations of many senior field comman- tacked Pearl Harbor, President Franklin ders have ebbed and flowed. None has Roosevelt informed Eisenhower that he was withstood the judgment of history more to command the Allied Expeditionary Force. so than that of GEN Dwight D. (Ike) Though the President had considered Army Eisenhower, Supreme Commander of Chief of Staff GEN George Marshall for the the Allied Expeditionary Force. Over appointment, Roosevelt felt he could not the course of the European war, Eisen- spare Marshall from Washington, D.C. Con- hower made numerous critical decisions in- sequently, he appointed Eisenhower, whom volving the selection of subordinates, mili- he considered “the best politician among tary strategy, and the cohesion of the the military men. He is a natural leader who Western Alliance, but three controversial de- can convince other men to follow him, and cisions stand out and mark Ike as a great this is what we need in his position more commander: the decision to launch D-Day, than any other quality.” Ike proved an in- the broad front strategy and the redirection spired choice. of Allied forces from Berlin toward the On February 12, 1944, Eisenhower re- Southern Redoubt in April 1945. Ike’s three ceived the formal directive from the Com- critical decisions as Supreme Commander bined Chiefs of Staff (CCS): “You are hereby not only dictated the course of the war in designated as Supreme Allied Commander northwest Europe, but also laid the founda- of the forces placed under your orders for August 2011 I ARMY 35 The Eisenhower Presidential Library The Eisenhower Presidential Top commanders of the Allied Expeditionary Force meet in London in 1944 to discuss the cross-Channel invasion, code- named Operation Overlord. -
A Japanese Child Crouches and Cries in the Rubble of Hiroshima in The
A Japanese child crouches and cries in the rubble of Hiroshima in the aftermath of the atomic bombing, expressing the profound sadness of war and its devastating weapons. • Origins of World War II o Japan's War in China o Italian and German Aggression • Total War: The World under Fire o Blitzkrieg: Germany Conquers Europe o The German Invasion of the Soviet Union o Battles in Asia and the Pacific o Defeat of the Axis Powers • Life during Wartime o Occupation, Collaboration, and Resistance o The Holocaust o Women and the War • The Cold War o Origins of the Cold War o The Globalization of the Cold War o Dissent, Intervention, and Rapprochement EYEWITNESS: Victor Tolley finds Tea and Sympathy in Nagasaki On 6 August 1945, as he listened to the armed services radio on Saipan (a U.S.-controlled island in the north Pacific), U.S. marine Victor Tolley heard the news: the president of the United States announced that a “terrible new weapon” had been deployed against the city of Hiroshima, Japan. Tolley and the other marines rejoiced, realizing that the terrible new weapon—the atomic bomb—might end the war and relieve them of the burden of invading Japan. A few days later Tolley heard that the city of Nagasaki had also been hit with an atomic bomb. He remembered the ominous remarks that accompanied the news of this atomic destruction: radio announcers suggested it might be decades before the cities would be inhabitable. Imagine Tolley's astonishment when a few weeks later, after the Japanese surrender, he and his buddies were assigned to the U.S.