DOCSLIB.ORG

ESCMID Online Lecture Library © by Author ESCMID Online Lecture Library

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Microsporidia, Dientamoeba and Blastocystis. © by author Tom van Gool Section Parasitology, AcademicESCMID Medical Online Centre, Amsterdam,Lecture NetherlandsLibrary Microsporidiosis in HIV-infected and HIV-negative individuals © by author ESCMID Online Lecture Library 1985: Mr. P. Bieneusi in Paris with AIDS ….in a biopsy of the small intestine a strange microorganism was observed with EM…… © by author ESCMID Online Lecture Library Prof. Isabelle Desportes Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière (Paris) © by author ESCMID Online Lecture Library “Small parasite belonging to the microsporidia but is unknown species”: Enterocytozoon bieneusi Microsporidia • obligate intracellular protozoan parasites • more than 144 genera and 1200 species • important parasites© by author in all phyla of animals ESCMID Online Lecture Library • since 1985 recognized in AIDS • nowadays 9 genera and 14 species Typical spore stage of microsporidia Coiled polar filament © by author ESCMID Online LectureThick Library exopspore with chitin Life cycle of microsporidia (Encephalitozoon) E.i. © by author ESCMID Online Lecture Library E.h. Schottelius MI 2000 Important microsporidia in AIDS I • Enterocytozoon bieneusi • Discovered in 1985 • Named after© byMr author Bieneusi • Most important microsporidian in ESCMIDAIDS Online Lecture Library The Lancet, Clinical Practice, 1991 • chronic diarrhea • cholangiopathy • rhinosinusitis© by author ESCMID• HIV infectedOnline patients Lecture CD 4Library <100 Diagnosis of Enterocytozoon bieneusi © by author ESCMID Online Lecture Library Diagnosis of human microsporidiosis 1985: electron microscopy of duodenal biopsies © by author ESCMID Online Lecture Library Drawback of all earlier methods of diagnosis: invasive procedure (small intestinal biopsy) needed Wanted: easy, non-invasive diagnostic procedure © by author ESCMID Online Lecture Library © by author ESCMID Online Lecture Library E. bieneusi with Uvitex 2B stain © by author ESCMID Online Lecture Library E. bieneusi stained with: Chromotrope 2R stain. Concave inner stripe and shadow © by author ESCMID Online Lecture Library Routine diagnosis of E. bieneusi in stool 1) Perform Ridley concentration method without formalin (“water-Ridley”) 1) Stain with Uvitex 2B or Chromotrope 2B 3) Look carefully for© theby concaveauthor “inner stripe and shadow” in the spores ESCMID Online Lecture Library Good examination of one feces samples is sufficient, PCR is not necessary WithWith thethe useuse ofof goodgood diagnosticdiagnostic methods:methods: Enterocytozoon bieneusi in AIDS common in Western Europe, United States, Australia, Africa, S. America, SE Asia prevalence: 2-70% depending i.e. on study group and method for diagnosis. © by author AMC, Uvitex 2B, HIV+/diarrhea: 10-15% ESCMID Online Lecture Library Treatment of E. bieneusi • Treatment in AIDS difficult • Fumagillin (3 x 20 mg/day, for 14 days) Highly effective but frequently severe side effects: thrombocytopenia and neutropenia. Reversible after on stopping treatment © by author • Immune reconstitution with HAART most effective to ESCMIDeliminate E.Online bieneusi infectionsLecture Library In EM studies of the small intestine: a typical picture quite different from E. bieneusi: Infection with: Encepahlitozoon spp. © by author ESCMID Online Lecture Library Encephalitozoon intestinalis in epithelial cell of small intestine Parasitophorous © by authorvacuole with sporoblasts and ESCMID Online Lecturespores Library Parasite in EM much resemblance with Encephalitozoon cuniculi Severe pathology in animals i.e. CNS and kidneys © by author ESCMID Online Lecture Library “Phoebe” Torticollis Spores of Encephalitozoon in urine (Uvitex 2B) © by author ESCMID Online Lecture Library In contrast to E. bieneusi which remains restricted to the superficial epithelial cells Encephalitozoon spp. disseminate through© bythe authorbody to different organs. ESCMID Online Lecture Library Three Encephalitozoon species in AIDS: – Encephalitozoon intestinalis – Encephalitozoon hellem – Encephalitozoon cuniculi © by author ESCMID Online Lecture Library PathologyPathology duedue toto EncephalitozoonEncephalitozoon infectionsinfections inin AIDS:AIDS: involvementinvolvement ofof multiplemultiple organsorgans Diarrhea and disseminated infection: cholangitis, hepatitis, nephritis, rhinosinusitis, keratoconjunctivitis, bronchopneumonia, urethritis,© by encephalitisauthor ESCMID Online Lecture Library Additional diagnosis of Encephalitozoon spp. Polymerase Chain Reaction Proper determination of different Encephalitozoon© byand authorother microsporida species! ESCMID Online Lecture Library Treatment of Encephalitozoon species • Albendazole 400 mg twice a day for 4 weeks – Rapid disappearance of spores from body fluids © by author – Prolonged treatment necessary to prevent ESCMIDrelapses Online Lecture Library Microsporidiosis non-HIV immunosuppressed individuals © by author ESCMID Online Lecture Library Major features of patients with E. bieneusi infection in transplant patients No . 1 2 3 4 5 6 © by author 7 ESCMID Online Lecture Library 8 9 10 Adapted from Lanternier et al Tr.Inf.Dis 2008 MMF: mycophenopate mofetil Major features of patients with Encephalitozoon spp. infection in transplant patients No . 1 2 3 4 © by author? 5 6 ESCMID Online Lecture Library 7 Lanternier et al Tr.Inf.Dis 2008 © by author ESCMID Online Lecture Library Microsporidiosis in immunocompetent individuals © by author ESCMID Online Lecture Library Diarrhea • often non-severe, self limiting diarrhea (travellers) • also asymptomatic shedding • possible frequent in rural areas, developing coutnries • microsporidia reported:© by E. author bieneusi , E. intestinalis ESCMID Online Lecture Library Study microsporidia in immunocomptetnt hosts (= fast resolution of spore-shedding): use of serological methods usefull. Techniques used in earlier studies: ELISA/ IFAT E. cuniculi© by authoras antigen ESCMIDdata Online from studies Lecture not clear Library !! New specific IFAT test Polar tube In each well a culture of infected cells © by author ESCMID Online SporesLecture Library © by author ESCMID Online Lecture Library Sporewall only © by author ESCMID Online Lecture Library Polar tube only © by author ESCMID Online Lecture Library Sporewall and polar tube Accident in immunocompetent person: serological responses in IFATmic 1-36 months after infection © by author ESCMID Online Lecture Library A B CD Western blotting specific profiles 1-36 months after infection © by author ESCMID Online Lecture Library How do people come in contact with microsporidia? ■ Humans: + ■ Animals: + e.g.: cats, chickens, dogs, goats, pigs, cattle, rats, donkeys, pigs, cows, goats, gorillas, rabbits, rodents, foxes, goats, horses, birds ■ Water, Food and Insects: +/- © by author ESCMID Online Lecture Library Microsporidia are (indeed) close by…… studies among Dutch pigeons © by author ESCMID Online Lecture Library Sequence confirmed Microsporidia positive PCR: 41/331 (12%) pigeon feces positive for microsporidia 36/331 (11%) contain human pathogens: 18 (5.4%) Enterocytozoon bieneusi 11 (3.3%) Encephalitozoon hellem 6 (1.8%) Encephalitozoon cuniculi 1 (0.3%) Encephalitozoon© by author intestinalis ESCMID5/331 Online other Microsporidia Lecture Library Examined for psittacosis (331): 26 positive (7.9 %)* ! Contact of humans with microsporidia easy: Sweeping surfaces which are contaminated with excreta (guano) from pigeons…………* • Roof building in Baltimore: • stay for 10 - 550 pigeons/ per day • effect of sweeping 30 min for © byhumans: author ESCMID OnlineAir, Lecture personal sampler: Library ingestion 3500 viable spores E. bieneusi • Graczyk et al, 2007 Applied in 30 min.!!! Environdmental Microbiology Microsporidia and humans Frequent contact microsporidia with humans With proper immune system, in healthy persons, infection most often early aborted Can be cause of pathology not yet properly recognised (i.e.diarrhoea,© by author encephalitis) ESCMID Online Lecture Library Pigeons excreta in the car: © by author OnESCMID the sponge afterOnline washing Lecture : a nice Library microsporidia coctail with Enterocytozoon sp, Encephalitozoon sp, Vittaforma sp. and others…….. Dientamoeba fragilis a parasite of importance for children! © by author ESCMID Online Lecture Library Intestinal protozoa observed with Triple Feces Test (TFT) in routine practice (n: 462 patients) AMC Giardia intestinalis 24 (5,2) Entamoeba histolytica/dispar 18 (3,9) Dientamoeba fragilis 45 (9,7) Combined: positive in about 30% of patients!! Blastocystis 124 (26,8) Entamoeba coli © by author65 (14,0) Entamoeba hartmanni 23 (5,0) Endolimax nana 47 (10,2) ESCMIDChilomastix mesnili Online Lecture10 (2,2) Library Iodamoeba butschlii 12 (2,6) Casus Patient: 6-year old boy • Frequent abdominal pain, no specific location, no vomiting • Defecation 1x day, stools normal aspect, no blood / mucus • Physical exam: no abnormalities, no abnormalities blood values No other causes abdominal pain (o.a bact culture, H. pylori, Lactose H2 ) • TFT – parasitological examination: only D. fragilis • Treatment: clioquinol 15 mg/kg/d during 10 dagen. • Control TFT (day 11, 12,13): negative • Parents and child: patient much improved, no abdominal pain, good appetite • After half a year: return of complaints:© by authorstools again positive for D. fragilis. • Retreatment with clioquinol • Control: no parasites anymore, patient remained without complaints and kept goodESCMID appetite Online Lecture Library Dientamoeba fragilis Microscopy on fixed Iodine wet smear Chlorazol
Recommended publications
  • Index Vol. 12-15

    Index Vol. 12-15

    353 INDEX VOL. 12-15 Die Stichworte des Sachregisters sind in der jeweiligen Sprache der einzelnen Beitrage aufgefiihrt. Les termes repris dans la Table des matieres sont donnes selon la langue dans laquelle l'ouvrage est ecrit. The references of the Subject Index are given in the language of the respective contribution. 14 AAG (Alpha-acid glycoprotein) 120 14 Adenosine 108 12 Abortion 151 12 Adenosine-phosphate 311 13 Abscisin 12, 46, 66 13 Adenosine-5'-phosphosulfate 148 14 Absorbierbarkeit 317 13 Adenosine triphosphate 358 14 Absorption 309, 350 15 S-Adenosylmethionine 261 13 Absorption of drugs 139 13 Adipaenin (Spasmolytin) 318 14 - 15 12 Adrenal atrophy 96 14 Absorptionsgeschwindigkeit 300, 306 14 - 163, 164 14 Absorptionsquote 324 13 Adrenal gland 362 14 ACAI (Anticorticocatabolic activity in­ 12 Adrenalin(e) 319 dex) 145 14 - 209, 210 12 Acalo 197 15 - 161 13 Aceclidine (3-Acetoxyquinuclidine) 307, 13 {i-Adrenergic blockers 119 308, 310, 311, 330, 332 13 Adrenergic-blocking activity 56 13 Acedapsone 193,195,197 14 O(-Adrenergic blocking drugs 36, 37, 43 13 Aceperone (Acetabutone) 121 14 {i-Adrenergic blocking drugs 38 12 Acepromazin (Plegizil) 200 14 Adrenergic drugs 90 15 Acetanilid 156 12 Adrenocorticosteroids 14, 30 15 Acetazolamide 219 12 Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) 13 Acetoacetyl-coenzyme A 258 16,30,155 12 Acetohexamide 16 14 - 149,153,163,165,167,171 15 1-Acetoxy-8-aminooctahydroindolizin 15 Adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) 216 (Slaframin) 168 14 Adrenosterone 153 13 4-Acetoxy-1-azabicyclo(3, 2, 2)-nonane 12 Adreson 252
  • Identification of Candidate Agents Active Against N. Ceranae Infection in Honey Bees: Establishment of a Medium Throughput Screening Assay Based on N

    Identification of Candidate Agents Active Against N. Ceranae Infection in Honey Bees: Establishment of a Medium Throughput Screening Assay Based on N

    RESEARCH ARTICLE Identification of Candidate Agents Active against N. ceranae Infection in Honey Bees: Establishment of a Medium Throughput Screening Assay Based on N. ceranae Infected Cultured Cells Sebastian Gisder, Elke Genersch* Institute for Bee Research, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Bee Diseases, Hohen Neuendorf, Germany * [email protected] Abstract OPEN ACCESS Many flowering plants in both natural ecosytems and agriculture are dependent on insect Citation: Gisder S, Genersch E (2015) Identification of Candidate Agents Active against N. ceranae pollination for fruit set and seed production. Managed honey bees (Apis mellifera) and wild Infection in Honey Bees: Establishment of a Medium bees are key pollinators providing this indispensable eco- and agrosystem service. Like all Throughput Screening Assay Based on N. ceranae other organisms, bees are attacked by numerous pathogens and parasites. Nosema apis is Infected Cultured Cells. PLoS ONE 10(2): e0117200. a honey bee pathogenic microsporidium which is widely distributed in honey bee popula- doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0117200 tions without causing much harm. Its congener Nosema ceranae was originally described Academic Editor: Wolfgang Blenau, Goethe as pathogen of the Eastern honey bee (Apis cerana) but jumped host from A. cerana to A. University Frankfurt, GERMANY mellifera about 20 years ago and spilled over from A. mellifera to Bombus spp. quite recent- Received: October 8, 2014 ly. N. ceranae is now considered a deadly emerging parasite of both Western honey bees Accepted: December 20, 2014 and bumblebees. Hence, novel and sustainable treatment strategies against N. ceranae are Published: February 6, 2015 urgently needed to protect honey and wild bees.
  • )&F1y3x PHARMACEUTICAL APPENDIX to THE

    )&F1y3x PHARMACEUTICAL APPENDIX to THE

    )&f1y3X PHARMACEUTICAL APPENDIX TO THE HARMONIZED TARIFF SCHEDULE )&f1y3X PHARMACEUTICAL APPENDIX TO THE TARIFF SCHEDULE 3 Table 1. This table enumerates products described by International Non-proprietary Names (INN) which shall be entered free of duty under general note 13 to the tariff schedule. The Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) registry numbers also set forth in this table are included to assist in the identification of the products concerned. For purposes of the tariff schedule, any references to a product enumerated in this table includes such product by whatever name known. Product CAS No. Product CAS No. ABAMECTIN 65195-55-3 ACTODIGIN 36983-69-4 ABANOQUIL 90402-40-7 ADAFENOXATE 82168-26-1 ABCIXIMAB 143653-53-6 ADAMEXINE 54785-02-3 ABECARNIL 111841-85-1 ADAPALENE 106685-40-9 ABITESARTAN 137882-98-5 ADAPROLOL 101479-70-3 ABLUKAST 96566-25-5 ADATANSERIN 127266-56-2 ABUNIDAZOLE 91017-58-2 ADEFOVIR 106941-25-7 ACADESINE 2627-69-2 ADELMIDROL 1675-66-7 ACAMPROSATE 77337-76-9 ADEMETIONINE 17176-17-9 ACAPRAZINE 55485-20-6 ADENOSINE PHOSPHATE 61-19-8 ACARBOSE 56180-94-0 ADIBENDAN 100510-33-6 ACEBROCHOL 514-50-1 ADICILLIN 525-94-0 ACEBURIC ACID 26976-72-7 ADIMOLOL 78459-19-5 ACEBUTOLOL 37517-30-9 ADINAZOLAM 37115-32-5 ACECAINIDE 32795-44-1 ADIPHENINE 64-95-9 ACECARBROMAL 77-66-7 ADIPIODONE 606-17-7 ACECLIDINE 827-61-2 ADITEREN 56066-19-4 ACECLOFENAC 89796-99-6 ADITOPRIM 56066-63-8 ACEDAPSONE 77-46-3 ADOSOPINE 88124-26-9 ACEDIASULFONE SODIUM 127-60-6 ADOZELESIN 110314-48-2 ACEDOBEN 556-08-1 ADRAFINIL 63547-13-7 ACEFLURANOL 80595-73-9 ADRENALONE
  • Infectious Keratitis: Short Answers

    Infectious Keratitis: Short Answers

    Q Infectious keratitis: Short answers What is the #1 bacterium in CL-related K ulcer? A Infectious keratitis: Short answers What is the #1 bacterium in CL-related K ulcer? Pseudomonas Infectious keratitis: Short answers Pseudomonas corneal ulcer associated with CL wear Q Infectious keratitis: Short answers What is the #1 bacterium in CL-related K ulcer? Pseudomonas What is the #1 risk factor for Acanthamoeba keratitis? A Infectious keratitis: Short answers What is the #1 bacterium in CL-related K ulcer? Pseudomonas What is the #1 risk factor for Acanthamoeba keratitis? CL wear Infectious keratitis: Short answers Acanthamoeba keratitis associated with CL wear Q Infectious keratitis: Short answers What is the #1 bacterium in CL-related K ulcer? Pseudomonas What is the #1 risk factor for Acanthamoeba keratitis? CL wear What are the three main culprits in fungal keratitis? What is the topical antifungal of choice for each? Fusarium:fungus 1 Topical…natamycin Aspergillisfungus 2 and Candida:fungus 3 A Infectious keratitis: Short answers What is the #1 bacterium in CL-related K ulcer? Pseudomonas What is the #1 risk factor for Acanthamoeba keratitis? CL wear What are the three main culprits in fungal keratitis? What is the topical antifungal of choice for each? Candida: Topical…natamycin Aspergillis and Fusarium: Q Infectious keratitis: Short answers What is the #1 bacterium in CL-related K ulcer? Pseudomonas What is the #1 risk factor for Acanthamoeba keratitis? CL wear What are the three main culprits in fungal keratitis?
  • The Medical Letter

    The Medical Letter

    Page 1 of 2 MICROSPORIDIOSIS Drug Adult dosage Pediatric dosage Ocular (Encephalitozoon hellem, E.cuniculi, Vittaforma corneae [Nosema corneum]) Drug of choice: Albendazole1,2 400 mg PO bid plus fumagillin3* Intestinal (E. bieneusi, E. [Septata] intestinalis) E. bieneusi Drug of choice: Fumagillin4* 20 mg PO tid x 14d E. intestinalis Drug of choice: Albendazole1,2 400 mg PO bid x 21d Disseminated (E. hellem, E. cuniculi, E. intestinalis, Pleistophora sp., Trachipleistophora sp. and Brachiola vesicularum) Drug of choice:5 Albendazole1,2* 400 mg PO bid * Availability problems. See table below. 1. Not FDA-approved for this indication. 2. Albendazole must be taken with food; a fatty meal increases oral bioavailability. 3. CM Chan et al, Ophthalmology 2003; 110:1420. Ocular lesions due to E. hellem in HIV-infected patients have responded to fumagillin eyedrops prepared from Fumidil-B (bicyclohexyl ammonium fumagillin) used to control a microsporidial disease of honey bees (MJ Garvey et al, Ann Pharmacother 1995; 29:872), available from Leiter’s Park Avenue Pharmacy, San Jose, CA (800-292-6773; www.leit- errx.com) is a compounding pharmacy that specializes in ophthalmic drugs. For lesions due to V. corneae, topical therapy is gener- ally not effective and keratoplasty may be required (RM Davis et al, Ophthalmology 1990; 97:953). 4. Oral fumagillin (Flisint – Sanofi-Aventis, France) has been effective in treating E. bieneusi (J-M Molina et al, N Engl J Med 2002; 346:1963), but has been associated with thrombocytopenia and neutropenia. Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) may lead to microbiologic and clinical response in HIV-infected patients with microsporidial diarrhea.
  • Guidelines for Atcvet Classification 2012

    Guidelines for Atcvet Classification 2012

    Guidelines for ATCvet classification 2012 ISSN 1020-9891 ISBN 978-82-8082-479-0 Suggested citation: WHO Collaborating Centre for Drug Statistics Methodology, Guidelines for ATCvet classification 2012. Oslo, 2012. © Copyright WHO Collaborating Centre for Drug Statistics Methodology, Oslo, Norway. Use of all or parts of the material requires reference to the WHO Collaborating Centre for Drug Statistics Methodology. Copying and distribution for commercial purposes is not allowed. Changing or manipulating the material is not allowed. Guidelines for ATCvet classification 14th edition WHO Collaborating Centre for Drug Statistics Methodology Norwegian Institute of Public Health P.O.Box 4404 Nydalen N-0403 Oslo Norway Telephone: +47 21078160 Telefax: +47 21078146 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.whocc.no Previous editions: 1992: Guidelines on ATCvet classification, 1st edition1) 1995: Guidelines on ATCvet classification, 2nd edition1) 1999: Guidelines on ATCvet classification, 3rd edition1) 2002: Guidelines for ATCvet classification, 4th edition2) 2003: Guidelines for ATCvet classification, 5th edition2) 2004: Guidelines for ATCvet classification, 6th edition2) 2005: Guidelines for ATCvet classification, 7th edition2) 2006: Guidelines for ATCvet classification, 8th edition2) 2007: Guidelines for ATCvet classification, 9th edition2) 2008: Guidelines for ATCvet classification, 10th edition2) 2009: Guidelines for ATCvet classification, 11th edition2) 2010: Guidelines for ATCvet classification, 12th edition2) 2011: Guidelines for ATCvet classification, 13th edition2) 1) Published by the Nordic Council on Medicines 2) Published by the WHO Collaborating Centre for Drug Statistics Methodology Preface The Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical classification system for veterinary medicinal products, ATCvet, has been developed by the Nordic Council on Medicines (NLN) in collaboration with the NLN’s ATCvet working group, consisting of experts from the Nordic countries.
  • Corneal Infections from A-Z Disclosures (Acanthamoeba to Zoster) Allergan Pharmaceutical Advisory Panel Joseph P

    Corneal Infections from A-Z Disclosures (Acanthamoeba to Zoster) Allergan Pharmaceutical Advisory Panel Joseph P

    8/28/16 Corneal Infections from A-Z Disclosures (Acanthamoeba to Zoster) Allergan Pharmaceutical Advisory Panel Joseph P. Shovlin, OD, FAAO AMO Global Medical Advisory Panel Scranton, PA -Acanthamoeba Outbreak Panel (ad hoc) Bausch & Lomb Scientific Advisory Panel -Global Steering Committee I. Risk Factors In Ulcerative Keratitis -Panel On Fusarium Keratitis (ad hoc) II. Differential Diagnosis of Infiltrative Keratitis Ciba Vision Post-Market Surveillance Study Group -Johns Hopkins Adjudication Committee (ad hoc) III. Treatment and Management of Ulcerative Keratitis Center for Disease Control & Prevention- Contact Lens Advisory Panel IV. Fungal and Protozoan Infection of the Johnson & Johnson Global Professional Advisory Panel Cornea Shire, Ophthalmic Advisory Panel Speaker’s Bureau: Vistakon, Ciba Vision, CooperVision, Bausch & Lomb, AMO, Alcon, V. The Herpes Family Genzyme, Shire 1 8/28/16 “Swine Flu”: H1N1 Infectious Keratitis Amoebic Herpes Keratitis Fungal Bacterial Keratitis Keratitis Keratitis 2 8/28/16 Case 7 -- corneal haze Stem Cell Deficiency Tear Film Defenses 3 8/28/16 Epidemiology: Relative Risk Risk Factors for Ulcerative Keratitis ¤ Population at risk: approximately 44 million in US and 120 million worldwide ¤Exogenous ¤ Overnight wear the overwhelming risk factor ¤Ocular Adnexal Dysfunction ¤ Relative risk of extended wear v. daily wear: 10- ¤Corneal Abnormalities 15:1 ¤Systemic Disease ¤ Overnight wear of disposable lenses equal risk ¤ Additional risks: aphakia, smoking, lens case, ¤Immunosuppressive Therapy minimal protective effect of hygiene Incidence Rates for Microbial Keratitis Microbial Keratitis Rates for Orthokeratology/Corneal Reshaping Any MK Severe MK ¤ Daily Wear GP 1.2 (1.1-1.5), 1.2 ¤ Incidence for microbial keratitis is estimated @ 7.7/10,000 ¤ Daily Wear DDCL 2.0 (1.7-2.4), .5 ¤ Children carry a higher rate @ 13.9/10,000 ¤ Overall, the infection rate is similar to overnight soft lens ¤ Occasional CW 2.2 (2.0-2.5), 1.8 use.
  • Final1-Aritmo-Final-Report-V2-0Final.Pdf

    Final1-Aritmo-Final-Report-V2-0Final.Pdf

    ARITMO Final Report PROJECT FINAL REPORT Grant Agreement number: 241679 Project acronym: ARITMO Project title: Arrhythmogenic potential of drugs Funding Scheme: Small or Medium-Scale Focused Research Project Period covered: from 1st January 2010 to 30th June 2013 Name of the scientific representative of the project's co-ordinator, Title and Organisation: Prof. Miriam CJM Sturkenboom, Erasmus Universitair Medisch Centrum Rotterdam Tel: +31 10 704 4126 Fax: +31 10 704 4722 E-mail: [email protected] Project website1 address: www.aritmo-project.org 1 The home page of the website should contain the generic European flag and the FP7 logo which are available in electronic format at the Europa website (logo of the European flag: http://europa.eu/abc/symbols/emblem/index_en.htm ; logo of the 7th FP: http://ec.europa.eu/research/fp7/index_en.cfm?pg=logos). The area of activity of the project should also be mentioned. © Copyright 2013 ARITMO Consortium 1 ARITMO Final Report Table of contents Table of contents ................................................................................................................................................................. 2 1. Final publishable summary report ................................................................................................................................ 3 1.1 Executive summary ................................................................................................................................................. 3 1.2 Description of project context and
  • Evaluation of Fumagilin-B® and Other Potential Alternative Chemotherapies Against Nosema Ceranae-Infected Honeybees (Apis Mellifera) in Cage Trial Assays Johan P

    Evaluation of Fumagilin-B® and Other Potential Alternative Chemotherapies Against Nosema Ceranae-Infected Honeybees (Apis Mellifera) in Cage Trial Assays Johan P

    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Archive Ouverte en Sciences de l'Information et de la Communication Evaluation of Fumagilin-B® and other potential alternative chemotherapies against Nosema ceranae-infected honeybees (Apis mellifera) in cage trial assays Johan P. van den Heever, Thomas S. Thompson, Simon J. G. Otto, Jonathan M. Curtis, Abdullah Ibrahim, Stephen F. Pernal To cite this version: Johan P. van den Heever, Thomas S. Thompson, Simon J. G. Otto, Jonathan M. Curtis, Abdullah Ibrahim, et al.. Evaluation of Fumagilin-B® and other potential alternative chemotherapies against Nosema ceranae-infected honeybees (Apis mellifera) in cage trial assays. Apidologie, Springer Verlag, 2016, 47 (5), pp.617-630. 10.1007/s13592-015-0409-3. hal-01532347 HAL Id: hal-01532347 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01532347 Submitted on 2 Jun 2017 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Apidologie (2016) 47:617–630 Original article * INRA, DIB and Springer-Verlag France, 2015 DOI: 10.1007/s13592-015-0409-3 Evaluation of Fumagilin-B® and other potential alternative chemotherapies against Nosema ceranae -infected honeybees (Apis mellifera ) in cage trial assays 1 1 1,2 Johan P.
  • Common Study Protocol for Observational Database Studies WP5 – Analytic Database Studies

    Common Study Protocol for Observational Database Studies WP5 – Analytic Database Studies

    Arrhythmogenic potential of drugs FP7-HEALTH-241679 http://www.aritmo-project.org/ Common Study Protocol for Observational Database Studies WP5 – Analytic Database Studies V 1.3 Draft Lead beneficiary: EMC Date: 03/01/2010 Nature: Report Dissemination level: D5.2 Report on Common Study Protocol for Observational Database Studies WP5: Conduct of Additional Observational Security: Studies. Author(s): Gianluca Trifiro’ (EMC), Giampiero Version: v1.1– 2/85 Mazzaglia (F-SIMG) Draft TABLE OF CONTENTS DOCUMENT INFOOMATION AND HISTORY ...........................................................................4 DEFINITIONS .................................................... ERRORE. IL SEGNALIBRO NON È DEFINITO. ABBREVIATIONS ......................................................................................................................6 1. BACKGROUND .................................................................................................................7 2. STUDY OBJECTIVES................................ ERRORE. IL SEGNALIBRO NON È DEFINITO. 3. METHODS ..........................................................................................................................8 3.1.STUDY DESIGN ....................................................................................................................8 3.2.DATA SOURCES ..................................................................................................................9 3.2.1. IPCI Database .....................................................................................................9
  • Drugs for Parasitic Infections

    Drugs for Parasitic Infections

    The Medical Letter® On Drugs and Therapeutics www.medicalletter.org Published by The Medical Letter, Inc. • 1000 Main Street, New Rochelle, NY 10801 • A Nonprofit Publication August 2004 DRUGS FOR PARASITIC INFECTIONS Parasitic infections are found throughout the world. With increasing travel, immigration, use of immunosuppressive drugs and the spread of AIDS, physicians anywhere may see infections caused by previously unfamiliar parasites. The table below lists first-choice and alternative drugs for most parasitic infections. The brand names and manufacturers of the drugs are listed on page 12. Infection Drug Adult dosage Pediatric dosage Acanthamoeba keratitis Drug of choice: See footnote 1 AMEBIASIS (Entamoeba histolytica) asymptomatic Drug of choice: Iodoquinol 650 mg tid x 20d 30-40 mg/kg/d (max. 2g) in 3 doses x 20d OR Paromomycin 25-35 mg/kg/d in 3 doses x 7d 25-35 mg/kg/d in 3 doses x 7d Alternative: Diloxanide furoate2* 500 mg tid x 10d 20 mg/kg/d in 3 doses x 10d mild to moderate intestinal disease3 Drug of choice:4 Metronidazole 500-750 mg tid x 7-10d 35-50 mg/kg/d in 3 doses x 7-10d OR Tinidazole5 2 g once daily x 3d 50 mg/kg/d (max. 2g) in 1 dose x 3d severe intestinal and extraintestinal disease3 Drug of choice: Metronidazole 750 mg tid x 7-10d 35-50 mg/kg/d in 3 doses x 7-10d OR Tinidazole5 2 g once daily x 5d 50 mg/kg/d (max. 2 g) x 5d AMEBIC MENINGOENCEPHALITIS, primary and granulomatous Naegleria Drug of choice: Amphotericin B6,7 1.5 mg/kg/d in 2 doses x 3d, then 1.5 mg/kg/d in 2 doses x 3d, then 1 mg/kg/d x 6d 1 mg/kg/d x 6d Acanthamoeba Drug of choice: See footnote 8 * Availability problems.
  • J. APIC. SCI. Vol. 60 No. 2 2016 DOI 10.1515/JAS-2016-0027

    J. APIC. SCI. Vol. 60 No. 2 2016 DOI 10.1515/JAS-2016-0027

    DOI 10.1515/JAS-2016-0027 J. APIC. SCI. VOL. 60 NO. 2 2016J. APIC. SCI. Vol. 60 No. 2 2016 Original Article EVALUATION OF ANTIMICROSPORIDIAN ACTIVITY OF PLANT EXTRACTS ON NOSEMA CERANAE Jeong Hwa Kim1 Jin Kyu Park2 Jae Kwon Lee1* 1Chungbuk National University 2Beesen Co. Ltd. * corresponding author: [email protected] Received: 27 April 2016; accepted: 28 October 2016 Abstract Nosemosis is one of the most common protozoan diseases of adult bees (Apis mellifera). Nosemosis is caused by two species of microsporidia; Nosema apis and Nosema ceranae. Nosema ceranae is potentially more dangerous because it has the ability to infect multi- ple cell types, and it is now the predominant microsporidian species in A. mellifera. In this study, we identified two anti-nosemosis plants,Aster scaber and Artemisia dubia, which reduced the spore development of N. ceranae in spore-infected cells. The most important aspect of our results was that our treatment was effective at non-toxic concentrations. Anti-nosemosis activities of both plants were revealed in honey bee experiments. Specif- ically, a mixed extract of both A. scaber and A. dubia showed stronger activity than treat- ment with each single extract alone. Although the mechanisms of action of A. scaber and A. dubia against N. ceranae are still unclear, our results suggest new medicaments and therapeutic methods to control N. ceranae infection. Keywords: Artemisia dubia, Aster scaber, Nosema cerana INTRODUCTION and fat bodies (Chen & Huang, 2010). N. ceranae is potentially more dangerous because it has Honey bees are known for manufacturing and the ability to infect multiple cell types, and it keeping honey, as well as building remarkably is now the predominant microsporidian species large cages using wax.