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Of Grignard Reagent Formation. the Surface Nature of the Reaction
286 Ace. Chem. Res. 1990,23, 286-293 Mechanism of Grignard Reagent Formation. The Surface Nature of the Reaction H. M. WALBORSKY Dittmer Laboratory of Chemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306 Received February 23, 1990 (Revised Manuscript Received May 7, 1990) The reaction of organic halides (Br, C1, I) with mag- Scheme I nesium metal to yield what is referred to today as a Kharasch-Reinmuth Mechanism for Grignard Reagent Grignard reagent has been known since the turn of the Formation century,' The name derives from its discoverer, Nobel (1)(Mg0)AMg*)2y + RX 4 [(M~'~(MQ')~~-,('MQX)+ R.] + laureate Victor Grignard. How this reagent is formed, (Mgo)x-2(MQ')2~MgX)(MgR) that is, how a magnesium atom is inserted into a car- bon-halogen bond, is the subject of this Account. ('4 (Ms0),-*(M9')2~MgX)(MgR) + + (Mg0)x-dMg*)2y+2 + 2RMgX RX + Mg - RMgX Kharasch and Reinmuth,, persuaded by the work of late under the same conditions gave Itl = 6.2 X s-l. Another system that meets the above criterion is the Gomberg and Bachmad as well as by product analyses of many Grignard formation reactions that existed in vinyl system. The lack of reactivity of vinyl halides toward SN1reactions is well-known and is exemplified the literature prior to 1954,speculated that the reaction involved radicals and that the radical reactions might by the low solvolysis rate of 2-propenyl triflate5 in 80% involve "surface adherent radicals, at least in part". The ethanol at 25 OC, kl being 9.8 X s-l. -
February 29, 2020 East Kingdom Internal Letter of Decision East Iloi Dated 1/15/20
February 29, 2020 East Kingdom Internal Letter of Decision East ILoI dated 1/15/20 To the most noble members of the East Kingdom College of Heralds, greetings! You will find below the decisions rendered on the submissions for the Internal Letter of Intent issued on 1/15/20. If Muirenn Blue Tyger consulted on any submissions on this letter, decisions were made by Lilie Pantheon and Sláine Diademe. Many thanks to the following commenters who provided assistance this month: Alexandre Saint Pierre, Bruce Batonvert, Donato Favro, Drasma Dragomira, ffride wlffsdotter, Galefridus Peregrinus, Iago ab Adam, Liefr rella, Lilie Pantheon, Mathghamhain Elmet, Ryan Skunk, Seraphina Ragged Staff, Sláine Diademe, and Violet Mosaic. Your commentary and insights are always greatly appreciated. Assistance with artwork can be attained through reaching out to your local herald, or the EK Pallet Herald ([email protected].) 1. Arnleif the Red Submission Description Decision New Device Or, on a bear passant gules, a triskele argent Forwarded Notes: Iago ab Adam suggests the following reblazon, “Or, on a bear passant gules a triskele argent.” There is an SFPP for the use of a triskele (also known as a triskelion arrondi, reconfirmed http://heraldry.sca.org/loar/2019/03/19-03lar.html#81.) 2. Aurelia Alfaiata d'Alcaçova Submission Description Decision New Device Per chevron sable and vert, a chevron ermine Returned between two pairs of needles in saltire and an owl maintaining in its talon a carnation slipped and leaved Or Notes: This badge is returned for a redraw, for violating SENA A2C2 which states that elements must be drawn to be identifiable. -
Methoxyethane, Physical Properties, Safety, MSDS, Enthalpy, Gas Liquid
(c) Bürkle GmbH 2021 Important Important information The tables “Chemical resistance of plastics”, “Plastics and their properties” and “Viscosity of liquids" as well as the information about chemical resistance given in the particular product descriptions have been drawn up based on information provided by various raw material manufacturers. These values are based solely on laboratory tests with raw materials. Plastic components produced from these raw materials are frequently subject to influences that cannot be recognized in laboratory tests (temperature, pressure, material stress, effects of chemicals, construction features, etc.). For this reason the values given are only to be regarded as being guidelines. In critical cases it is essential that a test is carried out first. No legal claims can be derived from this information; nor do we accept any liability for it. A knowledge of the chemical and mechanical resistance alone is not sufficient for the evaluation of the usability of a product. For example, the regulations concerning flammable liquids (explosion prevention) must also be taken into consideration. Copyright This table has been published and updated by Bürkle GmbH, D-79415 Bad Bellingen as a work of reference. This Copyright clause must not be removed. The table may be freely passed on and copied, provided that the information about the publisher is retained. Extensions, additions and translations If your own experiences with materials and media could be used to extend this table then we would be pleased to receive any additional information. Please send an E-Mail to [email protected]. We would also like to receive translations into other languages. -
United States Patent (19) 11) Patent Number: 4,585,788 Helsley Et Al
United States Patent (19) 11) Patent Number: 4,585,788 Helsley et al. 45) Date of Patent: Apr. 29, 1986 54 6,11-DIHYDRODIBENZB,EOXEPIN ACETIC ACIDS AND DERVATIVES FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS 48-389 6/1972 Japan . 75 Inventors: Grover C. Helsley, Pottersville; 000425 7/1972 Japan. Arthur R. McFadden, East Brunswick, both of N.J.; David Primary Examiner-Norma S. Milestone Hoffman, North Kingstown, R.I. Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Curtis, Morris & Safford 57 ABSTRACT (73) Assignee: American Hoechst Corporation, 6,11-Dihydrodibenzb,eoxepin-acetic acids and deriva Somerville, N.J. tives having the general formula 21 Appl. No.: 459,774 1 22 Fied: Apr. 10, 1974 210 X Yn C-Z Related U.S. Application Data St. 5 k 63 Continuation-in-part of Ser. No. 394,801, Sep. 6, 1973, abandoned. (51) Int. Cl." .................. C07D 313/12; A61K 31/335 are prepared by multi-step sequences. X is C=O, CHCl, 52) U.S. C. ..................................... 514/450; 549/354 CHBr, CH2 or CHOR; Y is alkyl or alkoxy of 1 to 4 (58) Field of Search ........................ 260/333; 549/354; carbon atoms, halogen or trifluoromethyl; n is 0, 1, 2 or 514/450 3; Z is COOR5, CH2OR5, CONR25 or CONHOR5; and Rl-Rs are hydrogen or alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms. 56) References Cited These compounds and the physiologically tolerable U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS salts thereof are useful as antiinflammatory and analge 3,702,852 11/1972 Yale et al. ........................... 260/333 sic agents. 3,714,201 1/1973 Yale et al. ........................... 260/333 3,758,528 9/1973 Malen et al. -
List of Toxic Chemicals Within the Glycol Ethers Category
United States Office of Environmental Revised December 2000 Environmental Protection Information EPA 745-R-00-004 Agency Washington, DC 20460 TOXICS RELEASE INVENTORY List of Toxic Chemicals within the Glycol Ethers Category Section 313 of the Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act (EPCRA) requires certain facilities manufacturing, processing, or otherwise using listed toxic chemicals to report their environmental releases of such chemicals annually. Beginning with the 1991 reporting year, such facilities also must report pollution prevention and recycling data for such chemicals, pursuant to section 6607 of the Pollution Prevention Act, 42 U.S.C. 13106. When enacted, EPCRA section 313 established an initial list of toxic chemicals that was comprised of more than 300 chemicals and 20 chemical categories. EPCRA section 313(d) authorizes EPA to add chemicals to or delete chemicals from the list, and sets forth criteria for these actions. CONTENTS Section 1. Introduction ...................................................... 3 Section 2. CAS Number List of Some Chemicals within the Glycol Ethers Category ........ 6 Section 3. CAS Number List of Some Mixtures That Contain Glycol Ethers within the Category .............................................. 185 Section 4. CAS Number List of Some Oligomeric or Polymeric Chemicals That Might Contain Glycol Ether Components within the Category .......................... 187 FOREWORD This document is an updated version of the previous document, EPA 745-R-99-006, June 1999. This version has the following updates: • The titles to Table 1 on page 6, Table 2 on page 185, and Table 3 on 187 are modified; and • The CAS number of second listing in Table 3 (Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), .alpha.- (phenylsulfonyl)-.omega.-methoxy-) on page 187 is changed from 7664-41-7 to 67584-43-4. -
Revised Group Additivity Values for Enthalpies of Formation (At 298 K) of Carbon– Hydrogen and Carbon–Hydrogen–Oxygen Compounds
Revised Group Additivity Values for Enthalpies of Formation (at 298 K) of Carbon– Hydrogen and Carbon–Hydrogen–Oxygen Compounds Cite as: Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data 25, 1411 (1996); https://doi.org/10.1063/1.555988 Submitted: 17 January 1996 . Published Online: 15 October 2009 N. Cohen ARTICLES YOU MAY BE INTERESTED IN Additivity Rules for the Estimation of Molecular Properties. Thermodynamic Properties The Journal of Chemical Physics 29, 546 (1958); https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1744539 Critical Evaluation of Thermochemical Properties of C1–C4 Species: Updated Group- Contributions to Estimate Thermochemical Properties Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data 44, 013101 (2015); https:// doi.org/10.1063/1.4902535 Estimation of the Thermodynamic Properties of Hydrocarbons at 298.15 K Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data 17, 1637 (1988); https:// doi.org/10.1063/1.555814 Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data 25, 1411 (1996); https://doi.org/10.1063/1.555988 25, 1411 © 1996 American Institute of Physics for the National Institute of Standards and Technology. Revised Group Additivity Values for Enthalpies of Formation (at 298 K) of Carbon-Hydrogen and Carbon-Hydrogen-Oxygen Compounds N. Cohen Thermochemical Kinetics Research, 6507 SE 31st Avenue, Portland, Oregon 97202-8627 Received January 17, 1996; revised manuscript received September 4, 1996 A program has been undertaken for the evaluation and revision of group additivity values (GAVs) necessary for predicting, by means of Benson's group additivity method, thermochemical properties of organic molecules. This review reports on the portion of that program dealing with GAVs for enthalpies of formation at 298.15 K (hereinafter abbreviated as 298 K) for carbon-hydrogen and carbon-hydrogen-oxygen compounds. -
List of Criteria and Selected Air Contaminants to Be Used for Public Notice, with Spanish Translations. COMMON AIR CONTAMINANTS
List of Criteria and Selected Air Contaminants To Be Used for Public Notice, with Spanish Translations. COMMON AIR CONTAMINANTS: English Spanish NOX NOX (óxidos de nitrógeno) CO monóxido de carbono PM materia en partículas SO2 or SOX SO2 or SOX (óxidos de azufre) Halogens halógenos Hydrocarbons hidrocarburos Inorganic Acids ácidos inorgánicos Inorganic Bases bases inorgánicas Metals metales Carbon Compounds compuestos de carbono Carbon compounds including (but not limited to) : Benzene, Methyl Ethyl Ketone and Freon 11. Compuestos de carbono incluyendo (pero no limitándose a): Benceno, Metiletilcetona y Freón 11. OTHER AIR CONTAMINANTS English - Spanish Air Contaminant Glossary for Spanish Public Notice This list contains numerous air contaminants, mostly as listed in the ESL (= Effects Screening Levels) lists of 6/22/92 and updates of 1994. The Spanish translated names are capitalized for trademarks. In many such cases, there is no translation and the English word must be used. English Name Spanish Name Abamectin Abamectin Abate Abate acenaphthene acenafteno acetal acetal acetaldehyde acetaldehído acetamide acetamida acetic acid acido acético acetic anhydride anhídrido acético acetoacetoxyethyl methacrylate,2- 2-metacrilato acetoacetoxietílico acetone acetona acetone cyanohydrin cianohidrina de acetona acetonitrile acetonitrilo acetophenone acetofenona acetylaminofluorene,2- 2-acetilaminofluoreno acetyl chloride cloruro acetílico [AOAQG01/962 v2] Page 1 of 52 acetylene acetileno acetylene dichloride dicloruro de acetileno (1,2-dichloroethylene) -
Northern Junket, Vol. 13, No. 10
c VMTJ VOL 13 MO 1 o . $n<Aex Article, " Page f Take It Or L^aw It - - 1 Clogging In the Appalachian Mtns. With Spring and Bow - - 8 Traditional Ba&ee & Music in Monadnock Region 1^ Thanks Tos- - - - - 25 Square Dance - Levi_Jackson Rag 26 Contra Dance - Douglass' Favorite 28 Mixer «* The Mayflower - - - 29 Mixer - Arnold's Circle - - 33 Did You Know ThatV - 31 St, Patrick's Day Sans Remorse - 33 Told In the Hills -• 35 Why Round Dance? - - 33 Teaching Hints - - ~ 4l Odds and ^nds Of folklore - ^3 What T-iey Say In New Hampshire - - 48 Did You Iver Wonder? ~ ^9 Family Receipts - - 50 Wife Savers - 52 Friends of Mary Ann Eenaan will he glad to know that she is recovering nicely from a q-mdruple heart "bypass operation a few weeks ago. If you wish to send a card, here is her address; P.O. Box2305, No. Babylon, N.Y. 11703 Also, that "Duke" Miller is in the hospital at Schnec- tady, N.Y. recovering from an operation. Send cards to his home 6 Woodward Ave, G-loversville , ¥.Y. 12078 Slit i , T A E U IT OR I E A V 3 IT i^ Lloyd Frazee of Iowa, is a long- time subscriber of Northern Junk- &f2ji et. R^c^ntly, whpn renewing his subscription he had thesp inter- r ps ting things to say about squarp dancing. He writps: }, I have bppn in thp acticity more than 30 ypars and I am disturbed at thp dirpction square dancing has taken thp last few years. "If you had. -
Environmental Protection Agency Pt. 98, Subpt. A, Table A–1
Environmental Protection Agency Pt. 98, Subpt. A, Table A–1 to verify the amount of GHG emis- through the electronic GHG reporting sions, and failure to calculate GHG tool, must be submitted through that emissions following the methodologies tool. If not specified, requests, notifica- specified in this part. Each day of a tions or communications shall be sub- violation constitutes a separate viola- mitted to the following address: tion. (a) For U.S. mail. Director, Climate § 98.9 Addresses. Change Division, 1200 Pennsylvania Ave., NW., Mail Code: 6207J, Wash- All requests, notifications, and com- ington, DC 20460. munications to the Administrator pur- (b) For package deliveries. Director, suant to this part must be submitted Climate Change Division, 1310 L St, electronically and in a format as speci- NW., Washington, DC 20005. fied by the Administrator. For exam- ple, any requests, notifications and [74 FR 56374, Oct. 30, 2009, as amended at 76 communications that can be submitted FR 73900, Nov. 29, 2011] TABLE A–1 TO SUBPART A OF PART 98—GLOBAL WARMING POTENTIALS [100-Year Time Horizon] Global warming Name CAS No. Chemical formula potential (100 yr.) Chemical-Specific GWPs Carbon dioxide ................................................................... 124–38–9 CO2 ............................................... 1 a Methane ............................................................................. 74–82–8 CH4 ............................................... 25 a Nitrous oxide ..................................................................... -
United States Patent Office Patented Mar
3,083,236 United States Patent Office Patented Mar. 26, 1963 2 anol; or aliphatic ethers including diethoxyethane and di 3,083,236 methoxyethane, and hydrocarbons such as cyclohexane. HYDROGENATHON OF SEHYDROXY-METHYL The solution containing a small amount of a suitable FURFURAL catalyst, preferably copperchromite catalyst, is heated to Torleif Uine, Warrenville, John D. Garber, Westfield, and Robert E. Jones, Rahway, N.J., assignors to Merck & 5 the appropriate temperature for some time while under a Co., Inc., Rahway, N.J., a corporation of New Jersey hydrogen pressure varying from about 200 to 20,000 p.s.i., No Drawing. Filled Sept. 10, 1958, Ser. No. 760,056 preferably from 280 to 6000 p.s.i. The copperchromite 2 Claims. (C. 250-635) may also contain barium oxide which has a beneficial effect. About 10% by weight of catalyst based on the This invention relates to 5-hydroxymethyl furfural HMF is generally satisfactory. Palladium on charcoal (HMF) and has for its object the provision of an im was found to be an effective co-catalyst when mixed with proved process for forming derivatives from this com copperchromite in producing 1,6-hexanediol. pound. In accordance with our invention we subject The pressures used have varied from about 200 to HMF to catalytic hydrogenation to form a series of de 20,000 p.si. without noticeable additional benefits in the rivative compounds in an efficient operation. high part of the pressure range, especially above 6000 The invention involves the discovery that HMF can be p.s. i. After the reaction, the product is cooled, filtered subjected to hydrogenation with a suitable catalyst and to remove the catalyst, and heated under a vacuum to hydrogen under various conditions to produce different remove the solvent. -
Carnation Grade a Pasteurized Milk--- Its Financial Institutions
THURSDAY, JULY 6, 1833, VASHON ISLAND NEWS-RECORD 5 Mre, Anna Dowling and famlily went ROBINSON ASKS FARM major commodities within the new on the Island excursion to Bremerton | BURTON NEWS ITEMS AGENCIES BE COORDINATED farm act have been taken by the mems- on the Fourth, | Mrs. A, Hunt bers of the proposed state advisory Island News of Interest Plans for close cooperation between commitiee. Besides those mentioned, The Heath family on Tuesday en- Mra, John P, Watson and daughter the state department of agriculture, members of the proposed committee Mrs, agricultural Prior, state supervisor Mr, and Mrs. Carl Edensword, of Mr, and Mrs, Howard Hansen and tertained Mr. and John Bauer, are here from Wenatchee for a couple the extension service and are Dr. Robert Knott, home, the agricultural station in of dalry and livestock, Olympia; O, Santa Barbara, Calif, arrived three children, of Olympla, spent the Donald Richmond and James of weeks at the Taylor experiment A. and Mr, Mrs, the administration of the new farm Adams, manager of the North Paclfic announced on the Fourth for a short Fourth with Mr. Hansen's mother, of Walla Walla and un-‘ SBeattle, discussed Grain W, Dabney adjustment Spokane, visit with Mr, Edensword’s sister, Mrs, Mrs, Katheran Hansen, Elmer and Harrill, of The Burton Bervice Garage changed act were In a Growers, Inc,, and July selling recent conference Pullman hetween E. Meyer, manager of the Federal John Metzenberg and famlily, hands Ist. Ed Woods to at In- Digby Willlams, Walter J, Robinson, newly appointed termediute Credit bank, Spokane, Mrs. -
CO 2-Fixation Into Cyclic and Polymeric Carbonates: Principles And
Green Chemistry View Article Online CRITICAL REVIEW View Journal | View Issue CO2-fixation into cyclic and polymeric carbonates: principles and applications Cite this: Green Chem., 2019, 21, 406 Aeilke J. Kamphuis, Francesco Picchioni and Paolo P. Pescarmona * The reaction between carbon dioxide and epoxides is an attractive pathway for CO2-utilisation as it can lead to the formation of two different, yet valuable, products: cyclic and polymeric carbonates. In this review, the advancements made within this field are critically discussed with special attention to the potential of these two classes of compounds as green chemical products. First, an overview is provided of the various types of homogeneous and heterogeneous catalytic systems developed for achieving the reaction of carbon dioxide with epoxides with high activity and selectivity towards either the cyclic or the polymeric carbonate products. Then, the chemical and physical properties of the cyclic and polycarbonate products Received 2nd October 2018, are discussed, focussing on the correlation between such properties and the potential applications of Accepted 2nd January 2019 each class of compounds. Finally, the most relevant applications of these materials, both potential and Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 Unported Licence. DOI: 10.1039/c8gc03086c industrially implemented, are critically reviewed covering the fields of polymer products, energy storage rsc.li/greenchem devices, and biomedical and pharmaceutical applications. 1. Introduction character of a chemical product, ranging from the substitution of hazardous components of an existing product with safer In current chemical product development, the focus of and more sustainable alternatives, to the design and develop- research lies increasingly on environmental friendliness and ment of completely novel green chemical products.