Annual Report: 0334948

Annual Report for Period:01/2008 - 12/2008 Submitted on: 01/05/2009 Principal Investigator: Wiegmann, Brian M. Award ID: 0334948 Organization: North Carolina State U Submitted By: Wiegmann, Brian - Principal Investigator Title: AToL: Building the Dipteran Tree: Cooperative Research in Phylogenetics and Bioinformatics of True Flies (Insecta: Diptera)

Project Participants Senior Personnel Name: Wiegmann, Brian Worked for more than 160 Hours: Yes Contribution to Project: Lead PI, organization and development of project objectives, oversight of project management, budget and data collection. Molecular phylogenetic data collection, analysis, graduate and undergraduate student training in molecular systematics. Name: Courtney, Gregory Worked for more than 160 Hours: Yes Contribution to Project: Co-PI, organization and development of project objectives - especially pertaining to the lower Diptera, oversight of project management, morphological data collection, supertree construction, interactive keys, taxon sampling. Phylogenetic data collection, analysis, graduate and undergraduate student training in morphological systematics, collecting and curation, natural history data informatics.

Name: Friedrich, Markus Worked for more than 160 Hours: Yes Contribution to Project: Co-PI, organization and development of project objectives - especially pertaining to mitochondrial genome sequencing and oversight of project management. Phylogenetic data collection, analysis, graduate and undergraduate student training in molecular genetic techniques and systematics. Name: Meier, Rudolf Worked for more than 160 Hours: Yes Contribution to Project: Co-PI, organization and development of project objectives - especially pertaining to the Cyclorrhapha, oversight of project management, morphological data collection, taxon sampling. Phylogenetic data collection, analysis, graduate and undergraduate student training in molecular and morphological systematics, collecting and curation, natural history data informatics, combined data analysis.

Name: Yeates, David Worked for more than 160 Hours: Yes Contribution to Project: Co-PI, organization and development of project objectives - especially pertaining to the lower Brachycera, oversight of project management, morphological data collection, supertree construction, interactive keys, taxon sampling. Phylogenetic data collection, analysis, graduate and

Page 1 of 46 Annual Report: 0334948 undergraduate student training in morphological systematics, collecting and curation, natural history data informatics. Name: Thompson, F. Worked for more than 160 Hours: Yes Contribution to Project: Data managment coordinator, organization and development of project objectives - especially pertaining to the natural history informatics, website development, nomenclature, databases, interactive keys. Name: Kampmeier, Gail Worked for more than 160 Hours: Yes Contribution to Project: Website development and implementation, database development, web tools development. Name: Irwin, Michael Worked for more than 160 Hours: Yes Contribution to Project: Collecting, taxon sampling, biodiversity inventories and comparative analysis of lower brachyceran flies. Name: Beckenbach, Andrew Worked for more than 160 Hours: Yes Contribution to Project: Beckenbach serves as a consultant contributor to the mitochondrial genomic sequencing components of the project. Name: Skevington, Jeffrey Worked for more than 160 Hours: Yes Contribution to Project: CNC Research Scientist (Ottawa, Canada). Dr. Skevington is contributing to the morphological and molecular analysis of lower cyclorrhaphan Diptera. He is also contributing to the compilation and scoring of the morphological dataset and analysis for all Diptera (tier 1 and 2 taxa). Name: Pape, Thomas Worked for more than 160 Hours: Yes Contribution to Project: Associate Professor, Assistant Director and Head of Collections and Education, Zoological Museum, Copenhagen. Dr. Pape is contributing to the morphological and molecular analysis of cyclorrhaphan Diptera, especially Calyptratae. He is also contributing to the compilation and scoring of the morphological dataset and analysis for all Diptera (tier 1 and 2 taxa).

Post-doc Name: Blagoderov, Vladimir Worked for more than 160 Hours: Yes Contribution to Project: Dr. Blagoderov is collecting morphological and paleontological data on basal dipteran lineages in the Courtney lab at Iowa State University. He is resposible for morphological scorings, image capture and databasing, collecting and rearing lower Diptera and data analysis. Name: Lambkin, Christine Worked for more than 160 Hours: Yes Contribution to Project: Dr. Lambkin is coordinating morphological dataset compilation and analysis, scoring lower brachyceran Diptera, and conducting supertree analysis. She is organizing datasets for the first tier analysis of Diptera.

Page 2 of 46 Annual Report: 0334948 Name: Barr, Norman Worked for more than 160 Hours: Yes Contribution to Project: Dr. Barr is sequencing multiple nuclear genes in the Wiegmann lab (NCSU) for the first tier Diptera analysis. Barr is responsible for nuclear gene primer design and for multigene phylogenetic analysis to determine phylogenetic utility of genes. Name: Kim, Jung-wook Worked for more than 160 Hours: Yes Contribution to Project: Dr. Kim is sequencing multiple nuclear genes in the Wiegmann lab (NCSU). Hes is responsible for development of primers and characterization of the GART locus in Diptera and 5 additional loci. Name: Winkler, Isaac Worked for more than 160 Hours: Yes Contribution to Project: Dr. Winkler is completing sequencing for Tier 2 Diptera phylogeny project and leading combined molecular data analysis for Tier 2. Winkler is also completing analyses and publication of manuscripts on Opomyzoidea and Asteiidae.

Graduate Student Name: Trautwein, Michelle Worked for more than 160 Hours: Yes Contribution to Project: Project PhD student collecting data for thesis research on fly phylogeny; Graduate stipend and tuition are supported. Name: Bertone, Matthew Worked for more than 160 Hours: Yes Contribution to Project: Project PhD student collecting data for thesis research on fly phylogeny; Graduate stipend and tuition are supported. Name: Kutty, Sujatha Worked for more than 160 Hours: Yes Contribution to Project: Fulltime sequencing of Calyptrates. Graduate stipend funded through National University of Singapore. Name: Balasubramanian, Suchitra Worked for more than 160 Hours: Yes Contribution to Project: Wayne State University Biotechology Master's Program student. Dipteran mitochondrial genome sequencing, stipend partially supported by project funds. Name: Walker, Mitchell Worked for more than 160 Hours: Yes Contribution to Project: Wayne State University Biotechology Master's Program student. Dipteran mitochondrial genome sequencing, stipend partially supported by project funds. Name: Petersen, Matthew Worked for more than 160 Hours: Yes Contribution to Project: Iowa State University PhD student. Phylogeny and systematics of Tipuloidea; project supported some stipend and research funds. Name: Curler, Greg

Page 3 of 46 Annual Report: 0334948 Worked for more than 160 Hours: No Contribution to Project: Iowa State University MS student. Phylogeny and systematics of Psychodidae; project supports some research funds, stipend support from BS&I project of co-PI Courtney. Name: Caravas, Jason Worked for more than 160 Hours: Yes Contribution to Project: Wayne State University Ph.D. graduate student (Thomas C. Rumble fellow); Mitochondrial genomics of Diptera, project funds provide partial support of research costs. Name: Petersen, Frederik Worked for more than 160 Hours: Yes Contribution to Project: Petersen is a Graduate Student of the University of Copenhagen, Zoological Museum. He is conducting molecular and morphological studies of the fly superfamily Hippoboscoidea. He is supported by a ZMUC fellowship; NSF project funds supported some research costs for an 8-month molecular systematics internship in the Wiegmann lab (NCSU) 10/03- 5/04. Name: Su, Kathy Worked for more than 160 Hours: Yes Contribution to Project: Fulltime sequencing of Sepsidae. Graduate stipend funded through National University of Singapore Name: Davis, Jessica Worked for more than 160 Hours: No Contribution to Project: Iowa State University PhD student. Phylogeny and systematics of Tipuloidea; project supports some research funds, stipend support from Iowa State University. Name: Wihlm, Matthew Worked for more than 160 Hours: No Contribution to Project: Iowa State University MS student. Phylogeny and systematics of Axymyiidae; project supports some research funds, stipend support from Iowa State University. Name: Swink, Whitney Worked for more than 160 Hours: Yes Contribution to Project: Phylogenetic and taxonomic research on Madagascar Empidoidea. Project funds contribute partial support for Graduate Stipend. Name: Wang, Emilie Worked for more than 160 Hours: Yes Contribution to Project: Characterization and purification myc-gene proteins in Diptera. Project funds contribute partial support for Graduate Stipend. Name: Bayless, Keith Worked for more than 160 Hours: Yes Contribution to Project: Revision and publication of Diptera TOLweb.org pages, especially Coelopidae and Stratiomyidae. Project funds contribute partial support for Graduate Stipend. Name: Thompson, Geoff Worked for more than 160 Hours: Yes Contribution to Project:

Page 4 of 46 Annual Report: 0334948 Lower Brachycera for inclusion on Morphbank for the FLYTREE project. Based at the Queensland Museum, Brisbane, Australia. Project funds support costs and equipment via a subcontract from CSIRO Entomology to Chris Lambkin. Name: Dang, Puneet Worked for more than 160 Hours: Yes Contribution to Project: Sequencing of fly family Coelopidae, project supports materials and supplies. Name: Ang, Yuchen Worked for more than 160 Hours: Yes Contribution to Project: Adult morphology of familes Coelopidae, Sepsidaem and sciomyzoid outgroups, project supports materials and supplies.

Undergraduate Student Name: Singh, Dang Worked for more than 160 Hours: Yes Contribution to Project: Sequencing of fly family Coelopidae, project supports materials and supplies. Name: Hanrahan, Bob Worked for more than 160 Hours: No Contribution to Project: Mr. Hanrahan is contributing to mitochondrial genome data collection and analysis in the Friedrich lab (Wayne State Univ.) Name: Shiyang, Kwong Worked for more than 160 Hours: No Contribution to Project: Undergraduate research in Meier lab (NUS) on Sepsidae phylogenetics. Name: Lim, Gwynne Worked for more than 160 Hours: No Contribution to Project: Undergraduate and Graduate research in Meier lab (NUS) on Dolichopodidae and Corethrellidae phylogenetics. Name: Hwang, Wei Song Worked for more than 160 Hours: No Contribution to Project: Undergraduate research in Meier lab (NUS) on Dolichopodidae phylogenetics.

Technician, Programmer Name: Cassel, Brian Worked for more than 160 Hours: Yes Contribution to Project: Amplification and sequencing of nuclear genes for phylogenetic objectives in the Wiegmann lab. Project funds support a portion of salary. Name: Yavorenko, Ivanna Worked for more than 160 Hours: No Contribution to Project: Mrs. Yavorenko is contributing to mitochondrial genome data collection and analysis in the Friedrich lab (Wayne State Univ.) Name: Gill, Dilip

Page 5 of 46 Annual Report: 0334948 Worked for more than 160 Hours: No Contribution to Project: Mr. Gill contributed to computational sequence analysis in the Friedrich lab (Wayne State Univ.) Name: Fatima, Farvah Worked for more than 160 Hours: No Contribution to Project: Ms. Fatima is contributing to mitochondrial genome data collection and analysis in the Friedrich lab (Wayne State Univ.) Name: Multani, Jessideep Worked for more than 160 Hours: No Contribution to Project: Ms. Multani is contributing to mitochondrial genome data collection and analysis in the Friedrich lab (Wayne State Univ.)

Other Participant

Research Experience for Undergraduates

Organizational Partners Illinois Natural History Survey INHS servers host FLYTREE project website; support research of senior personnel Kampmeier

Iowa State University Subcontract award supports contributions of co-PI Courtney and students.

University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Subcontract supports contributions of senior personnel, Irwin and Kampmeier

Wayne State University Subcontract agreement supports contributions of co-PI Friedrich and students.

National University of Singapore co-PI Meier is supported by facilities and salary resources provided by NUS.

CSIRO Division of Entomology CSIRO supports project co-PI Yeates and postdoctoral associate Lambkin

Simon Fraser University Simon Fraser supports the participation of molecular systematist Andrew Beckenbach

University of Copenhagen

Other Collaborators or Contacts Art Borkent (Royal British Columbia Museum, Victoria) Jeffrey Cumming (CNC, Ottawa) Brad Sinclair (Museum Koenig, Bonn) Shaun Winterton, (California Department of Agriculture, Sacramento) Bernhard Merz (Museum d'Histoire Naturelle, Geneva)

Page 6 of 46 Annual Report: 0334948 Sonja Scheffer (USDA, ARS, SEL, Beltsville). Steve Marshall (University of Guelph, Guelph) Stephen Gaimari (California Department of Agriculture, Sacramento) Wayne Mathis (Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC) Neal Evenhuis (Bishop Museum, Honolulu) Urs Schmidt Ott (University of Chicago, Chicago) Jerry Wilkinson (University of Maryland, College Park) Marco V. Bernasconi, Zoological Museum, University of Zurich-Irchel Patrick Grooteart, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences David Barroclough (Natal Museum, Pietermaritzbug) J. Kevin Moulton (University of Tennessee, Knoxville) Marion Kotrba (Zoologische Staatssammlung, Munich) Dalton de Souza Amorim (Unversidade de Sao Paulo) Adrian Pont (Oxford University) Benjamin Reddlings (NC State University) John Logsdon (University of Iowa) Michael B Eisen (UC Berkeley) Mathias Buck (University of Guelph) Owen Lonsdale (University of Guelph) Kevin J. Peterson (Dartmouth College) Alysha M. Heimburg (Dartmouth College) David J. Ferguson (Canberra) EDIT (European Distributed Institute of Taxonomy) EOL (Encyclopedia of Life) Torsten Dikow (Field Museum of Natural History) Ulmar Grafe (Universiti Brunei Darussalam) Irina Brake (National Museum of Natural History, London)

Activities and Findings

Research and Education Activities: (See PDF version submitted by PI at the end of the report)

Findings: Sequences have been obtained for newly characterized nuclear genes for dipteran systematics. The following genes have been completed for the first tier (45 taxa total): PER,CAD, GART (segment A), SNF, SIA, PGD, AATS, G6PD, PEPCK, PUG, STX, TPI, 18S rDNA, 28S rDNA. TANGO 10 taxa GART segment B, 10 taxa. The following genes have been complete for 204 taxa representing all fly families (tier 2): 28S rDNA, CAD, PGD, TPI, AATS. Analyses of the first tier data set reveal strong support for major lineages of Diptera. Bayesian and parsimony analysis supports: Diptera, Culicomorpha, Bibionomorpha, Brachycera, Heterodactyla, Eremoneura, Cyclorrhapha, Schizophora and Calyptratae. The molecular data support a generally robust and well-resolved topology, but individual genes conflict in their support for specific resolutions in weak areas to of the topology. A major finding is that no single gene supports the best fitting toplogy with positive Bremer values throughout the tree. Spectral analysis using Spltstree shows 3 major areas of conflict in the 1st tier data. These correspond to three major fly radiations, the origin of extant lower dipteran infraorders, the lower brachyceran families, and the acalyaptrate radiation. Phylogenetic analyses of the second tier data set (all fly families) yields results concordant

Page 7 of 46 Annual Report: 0334948 with findings from the first tier and lower Dipteran data sets. Increased taxon sampling improves support for relationships in the lower dipteran infraorders, the base of the Brachycera and within Cyclorrhapha. Phylogenetic analyses of the Holometabola show strong support for the monophyly of the extant orders, a basal origin for the Hymenoptera, monophyly for the Neuropteroidea includiing Strepsiptera as sister group to Coleoptera, monophyly for the Mecopterida, Antliophora and Amphiesmenoptera. Bayesian, likelihood and parsimony searches confirm strong support for a sistergroup relationship between Diptera and Mecoptera +Siphonaptera. Divergence times analysis support Permian origins for the extant holometabolan insect orders, and place the origin of Diptera at approx. 255 mya (240- 270). Comparative analysis of MicroRNAs in selected species across Diptera reveals phylogenetic signal in miRNA content. Unique and shared miRNAs were compiled from 5 dipteran species and compared to existing miRNAs for Diptera and holometabolous insects on MirBase. Over 100 unigue miRNAs and a large number of rasiRNAs(piRNA) were identified in FLYTREE study taxa. Analyses were carried out using MirMIner software developed in collaboration with Ben Wheeler, Steffan Heber, and Kevin Peterson. Postdoctoral associate Kim developed new primers for the protein encoding gene GART for a broad range of flies. The target region of GART is about 2.2K, which was divided into two segments for amplification (segment A and B). Each PCR amplification should yield 1.1K size of products. Primer modification proves necessary for amplification across broad taxonomic ranges. Both GART segments amplified well with a modified touch-down PCR program. The aligned sequences showed levels of divergence that should help resolve higher-level of dipteran relationships. SNF and SIA: Seven in absentia (sia or sina) is easily amplified using Drosophila-based primers. Sans fille (snf) also can be easily amplified for sequencing. Modified primers for both genes were developed for easier amplification of diverse dipteran taxa. New candidate genes: Syntaxin, phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (pgd), and glycogen synthase are good candidates based on successful PCR amplification. After analyzing the available primers for these genes, we developed new primers based on D. melanogaster and A. gambiae sequences for taxon specific exon amplifications. Phylogenetic analysis of full-length 28S rDNA in basal Diptera using Bayesian and parsimony methods yield well-supported clades among basal Diptera. In particular, molecular data support the monophyly of the order, a basal position for the Deuterophlebiidae, monophyly for the Tipuloidea, monophyly for the Culicomorpha, Psychodomorpha, and Bibionomorpha. This data supports as the Brachycera as sister-group to the Bibionomorpha. Secondary structure based alignment improves support for tree estimates from these data. Divergence time estimates were obtained for the basal diptera using the MULTIDIVTIME program, 28S rDNA alignment, and fossil constraints. Results of this analysis place the origin of Diptera around 265mya and origins for all of the dipteran infraorders between 240 and 180 mya. Establishing the phylogenetic position of the Perissommatidae in the Lower Diptera is an important goal of FLYTREE. The Australian FLYTREE team searched the type locality for two years in a row without success, and began to believe that the extended drought conditions in Australia may have caused a local extinction of the species. However, a volunteer in the

Page 8 of 46 Annual Report: 0334948 Diptera section of the Australian National Insect Collection, David Ferguson, came to the rescue. He established a winter Malaise trapping program in Tallaganda National Park, part of a range of mountains just to the east of Canberra, to snare the elusive Perissomma. In July 2006, David found a series of adults of Perissomma mcalpinei in a trap placed in a tall, moist woodland forest at 1150 m altitude. Subsequently, numerous adults were hand netted at the site. Specimens preserved in 100% ethanol were sent to Brian WiegmannÆs lab at North Carolina State University, and his Ph.D. student, Matt Bertone, obtained DNA sequences and by the end of July 2006, he was able to place the Perissommatidae in his molecular phylogenetic analysis of the Lower Diptera. Matt will be publishing his results in 2007, and The Australian Entomologist has just accepted a paper by David Ferguson, reporting on the behavioural observations of adult Perissommatidae. Phylogenetic analysis of 28S and CAD in the Bombyliidae shows only weak support for expected groupings based on comparative morphology. Notable findings include, monophyly for the family including a basal position for the Mythicomyiidae and support for several subfamilies. Increased sampling of genes and taxa is underway. Analysis of 28S rDNA and CAD in Asiloidea and Eremoneura reveals strong support for family-level groups. The enigmatic genus Apystomyia is placed as a basal eremoneuran taxon sister to all Cyclorrapha. Morphological and additional molecular data corroborate this finding. First instar larval and pupal stages for scoring of morphological characters is proving difficult. In many cases immature stages have never been recorded for the taxa specified, not even at the generic or tribal level. Even specialized collecting events may not provide specimens as taxonomic identification is difficult, if not impossible, unless the immature develops into an adult. Supertree analysis for the Order Diptera based on 13 published works shows strong support for major lineages, with some areas of controversy surrounding complex morphological interpretations (basal Eremoneura) or ancient radiations (lower Diptera). Data for Scathophagidae have been subjected to an extensive sensitivity analysis and results are published in Cladistics (2007: 23: 64û83). Molecular phylogenetic analysis of the Hippoboscoidea support monophyly of the superfamily, a sister-group relationship between Glossinidae and the ectoparasitic families (Pupipara), and indicate possible paraphyly of the Streblidae. The phylogenetic tree for Hippoboscoidea was used to map the origins of ectoparasitism ans host shifts, discuss parasitic character transformations, and life history evolution (published in Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 45: 111û122). Molecular phylogenetic analysis of the Muscoidea provides evidence for the paraphyly of the superfamily with Oestroidea being nested within as sistergroup to Sarcophagidae+Tachinidae. The analysis is published in Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 45: 111û122. New higher-level phylogenetic hypotheses were published for Acroceridae, Agromyzidae, Muscidae, and Eremoneura. The Calyptrate, Sarcophagidae, and Sepsidae datasets have been subjected to analysis and points of weakness have been identified which are being addressed through additional sequencing and analysis. Preliminary results were discussed at a recent conference (see below).

Page 9 of 46 Annual Report: 0334948

Training and Development: Michelle Trautwein, Frederik Petersen, Jason Caravas, Mitchell Walker, Suchitra Balasubramanian, Sujatha Kutty, Brian Cassel, Matthew Petersen, Owen Lonsdale, Whitney Swink, Keith Bayless, Emelie Wang, and Matthew Bertone gained valuable laboratory and analytical training in molecular genomics techniques applied to the successful amplification, sequencing and analysis of nuclear protein encoding genes for insect systematics. Project collaborator Christine Lambkin together with Nick Murphy & Michelle Guzik, Postdoctoral Fellows, University of Adelaide, School of Earth & Environmental Science applied for and received funding from the Australian Research Council Environmental Futures Program to run a Molecular Dates and Rates Workshop: Methodological advances essential for understanding the recent history of the Australian terrestrial Biota. 23 Early career researchers from all over Australia, 9 presenters, and 3 organisers interested in the estimation of divergence times of radiations of Australian flora and fauna from phylogenetic analyses of molecular data sets met at the North Terrace Campus of the University of Adelaide 18-21 January 2007. The workshop focused on the following two areas. (1) Bayesian phylogenetic inference with workshop leader Dr Fredrik Ronquist (Florida State University), the primary author of MrBayes and DIVA. Bayesian phylogenetic inference has become a primary method for reconstructing evolutionary history amongst taxa. (2) Molecular dating with workshop leader Dr. Alexei Drummond (Univ. Auckland), the senior author of BEAST (Bayesian Evolutionary Analysis Sampling Trees). (A). Dr. Lindell Bromham (ANU) discussed Tempo and mode of molecular evolution. Lindell uses a comparative approach to investigate aspects of a species biology, ecology or evolution that might influence rates of molecular evolution - such as body size, population size, social structure, rate of adaptation, speciation rate, parasitism - in order to identify cases when molecular dates might be consistently error-prone. (B). Dr. Alexei Drummond discussed the development of software tools for doing model comparison, model averaging and model selection such as the new software, Geneious 2.5, released in August 2006, for organizing biological data and speeding up molecular sequence analyses such as sequence alignment. (C). Dr. Alexei Drummond also discussed and demonstrated BEAST, a cross-platform program for Bayesian MCMC analysis of molecular sequences. It is entirely orientated towards molecular clock analyses. (D) Andrew Hugall, Assoc. Prof. Mike Lee, Dr. Remko Leijs (South Australia Museum and Univ. of Adelaide), Dr. Lyn Cook (Univ. of Queensland), and Dr. Kate Sanders (Univ. of Adelaide) discussed molecular clocks, divergence time estimates, and their experiences and attended the demonstrations to help instruct in the use of the programs. Postdoctoral associate Shelah Morita completed the NESCent Summer Course on Computational Phyloinformatics, July 10-20 2007. Project collaborator, Mihaly Foldvari (Hungarian Natural History Museum), completed a molecular systematics research training internship in the Wiegmann lab April - August 2007. Degrees Completed M.S. 2005. Greg Curler. A review of the moth flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) of northern Thailand, with revision of world species of the genus Neotelmatoscopus Tonnoir (Psychodinae: Telmatoscopini). Iowa State University

Page 10 of 46 Annual Report: 0334948 PhD. 2006. Frederik Peterson. The phylogeny of the Hippoboscoidea (Diptera) reconstructed using molecular markers. University of Copenhagen. PhD. 2008. Matthew A. Bertone. Macroevolutionary relationships among families of lower Diptera (Insecta): Molecular Systematics, divergence times and a phylogeny of the Tipulidae sensu lato. North Carolina State University. Ph.D. 2008. Matthew Petersen. A systematic investigation of the crane fly subfamily Limoniinae (Tipuloidea: Limoniidae)ö Matt is now a Postdoctoral Fellow at Cornell University. MSc 2007. Kathy Su. The molecular phylogeny and evolution of Sepsidae (Diptera). National University of Singapore. BSc 2007. Gwynne Shimin Lim. Conflict and congruence between DNA and moprholoyg in insect systematics. National University of Singapore. BSc 2007. Wei Song Hwang. Resolving species limits within Dicranosepsis (Sepsidae, Diptera). National University of Singapore. Project graduate students, Matthew Bertone, Michelle Trautwein, Sujatha Kutty and Frederik Petersen attended the FLYTREE workshop, Tangalooma Australia (9/2004). In October 2004, Gail Kampmeier attended a 4-day intensive training course in FileMaker Pro 7 in Reston, VA, sponsored by The Support Group. Her goal was to more quickly absorb the implications of the changes and new techniques that would be needed to convert Mandala from its current form to the new relational structure in FMP 7, with advantages in security, better web hosting, and efficiencies of a multiple table file structure. Additional education/training efforts include: - Wiegmann was co-instructor for ENT 591/791A Techniques in Molecular Ecology and Evolution with Vargo, Gould, Grozinger, 3 credits, Spring 2007. -Graduate student training in phylogenetic methods at CSIRO Entomology, supervised by Lambkin, provided to David Carlisle. Carlisle, is working on an Honours project at Australian National University, examining the phylogenetic signal from the male genitalia in the first comprehensive morphologically- based phylogeny of the Australian Therevidae, including 55 Australian taxa. -Training of one undergraduate student, Chris Manchester, and one graduate student, Sarah Fayed, in capture, rearing, and species recognition of leaf mining flies (Diptera: Agromyzidae),their hosts and hymenopteran parasitoids at CSIRO Entomology, supervised by Lambkin, John La Salle, Scheffer, and Yeates, as part of a three month CSIRO Summer studentship from Dec 2005 to Feb 2006. -Training in molecular techniques at CNC, course coordinated by Skevington and provided to Diana Barnes, Lisa Bartels, Andy Bennett, Patrice Bouchard, Scott Brooks, Jeff Cumming, and Anthony Davies. Since Skevington needed to train his new technician (Bartels), he decided to coordinate training for all departmental staff who were interested. Bartels is working directly for Skevington, sequencing lower cyclorrhaphan flies for FlyTree. Barnes and Bennett are working on the Hymenoptera Tree of Life project, sequencing ichneumonoids. - Graduate student, Jason Caravas and postdoctoral student, Norman Barr

Page 11 of 46 Annual Report: 0334948 attended the ATOL meeting, Arlington VA (11/04). - Graduate student, Jason Caravas completed the 2005 Woods Hole Marine Biological Laboratory Workshop Molecular Evolution. - Graduate student, Jason Caravas was a student participant in the 2007 Google Summer of Code Phyloinformatics Program and workshop at NESCENT (National Evolutionary Synthesis Center), Durham, NC August 2007. Jason worked on developing new XML based formats for phylogenetic data and object serialization with Rutger Vos. - Graduate student, Jason Caravas completed the NESCent Summer Course on Computational Phyloinformatics, 2008. - training of two graduate and one undergraduate student (Singapore) - grad student training in mitochondrial sequencing at Wayne State - graduate student training in phylogenetic methods at Iowa State University. -undergraduate research training experiences supported in the Friedrich and Meier laboratories. - Graduate Student training internships in molecular systematics in the Wiegmann lab for the use of nuclear protein coding genes were completed by the following students: Nathalie Erbout (9/05; Belgium), Torsten Dikow (6/05; Cornell), Sujatha Kutty (12/06; Singapore), Matthew Petersen (1-4/06; Iowa State); Owen Lonsdale (1-4/06; Guelph); Daniela Takiya (Illinois; 6/05). Project graduate students, Matthew Bertone, Michelle Trautwein, Matthew Petersen, Greg Curler attended the North American Dipterists Society meeting, Malheur Field Station, Oregon (August 2005). Courtney taught Advanced Systematics (Bot/Ent 568), including introduction of a novel assignment on species descriptions. The assignment included descriptions of actual new species that had been collected by the instructors. Outcomes (thus far) include the following peer-reviewed publications: 3 published papers, 1 paper in press, 1 paper in review, and 2 papers close to being submitted. Students are lead authors on all publications. A news release on this activity is at http://www.las.iastate.edu/newnews/ systematics.shtml Courtney was faculty mentor to two George Washington Carver minority interns, N. American-Horse and J. Shell-Track. Summer, 2006. Courtney was faculty mentor to one George Washington Carver minority intern, N. Hermond. Summer, 2007 Courtney taught a short course / workshop on the phylogeny, morphology, and identification of aquatic Diptera, including field trips to local habitats and identification of live and preserved specimens. Participants included 35 professional benthologists, teachers, and environmental scientists. Florida Association of Benthologists, Seminole County Environmental Center, Longwood, Florida. 8-10 April 2008. Friedrich directed undergraduate and high-school traineeships for Ivanna Yavorenko,Dilip Gill, Robert Hanrahan, Farvah Fatima, Jessiedeep Multani and Mithun Neral (high school student from Detroit Country Day High School). Meier taught 'Evolution and Comparative Genomics', ôDirected Studies in Evolutionö, and ôExploring Scienceö at the National University of Singapore. He also presented two talks on

Page 12 of 46 Annual Report: 0334948 evolution and phylogenetics at Singaporean Highschools. Laboratory Exchanges: Brian Wiegmann and Greg Courtney visited CSIRO ANIC September 2004 working with Yeates and Lambkin after the International Congress of Entomology. Frederik Petersen (University of Copenhagen) came to the Meier lab for one month to add additional genes after starting the Hippoboscoidea data set in the Wiegmann lab (10/04) Christine Lambkin visited Irwin's lab June 2004 and WiegmannÆs lab in July 2004. Wiegmann visited the Courtney lab to present a seminar, interact with students, and exchange data(3/05). Matt Bertone visited the Courtney lab to conduct morphological research on Tipuloidea, July 2006. Wiegmann visited the CNC, Ottawa to conduct empidoid research, May 2007. Wiegmann visited the Peterson lab (Dartmouth) to conduct genomic research, August 2007. Wiegmann visited the Bernasconi and Blankenhorn labs, University of Zurich, September 2007. University of Oslo Zoological Museum graduate student, Eirik Rindal visited the Wiegmann Lab at NCSU in May 2008. Sujatha Kutty visited the Wiegmann lab for one month, 12/05. Matthew Petersen visited the Wiegmann lab in January and February 2006. Isaac Winkler visited the Wiegmann lab in June and October 2007. Sonja Scheffer (USDA, ARS, SEL, Beltsville) visited CSIRO in December 2005 to collect and helped supervise the work of two students on Australian leaf mining flies. Sonja Scheffer (USDA, ARS, SEL, Beltsville) conducted sabbatical research at CSIRO, Canberra January 2007 -December 2007 Australian Agromyzidae and Fergusoninindae. Meier presented two talks on evolution and phylogenetics at Singaporean high schools. Courtney visited Brigham Young University to present two seminars, interact with students, and participate in an Aquatic Entomology class field trip (October 2008).

Outreach Activities: Additional print and media releases: Diptera web products featured in NCSU Perspectives Magazine Spring 2004; http://www.cals.ncsu.edu/agcomm/magazine/ spring04/beautiful.htm

Page 13 of 46 Annual Report: 0334948 Science, Web Watch, 11/04. 2005.03.18. Interview for Channel News Asia (TV). 2005.02.28. Interview for Tamil Murusa (newspaper) 2005.02.05. Interview for Vasantham Central (TV) Kampmeier coordinated the databasing activities and volunteers for the 2005 Busey Woods BioBlitz (24-25 June), and subsequently wrote an article for INHS Reports 386: 24 hours: the 2005 Busey Woods BioBlitz (http://www.inhs.uiuc.edu/~gkamp/downloads/ 24hrs_BWBB.pdf). Wiegmann presented 'Flies, Flies, Flies' to Raleigh primary school's Science Night. 5/05. Wiegmann is a Associate Director for Education and Outreach at NESCENT. In 2006 and 2007 Wiegmann helped develop educational tools for high school and Undergraduate evolution curricula with the NESCENT Education and Outreach staff. Wiegmann is a member of the Understanding Evolution Advisory Board (http://evolution.berkeley.edu). Wiegmann attended the UE Advisory Board meeting, Dec 8-9, 2008. Wiegmann co-organized and delivered a workshop entitled 'Bringing Systematics to Life ' for PAEMST Recognition Week Teachers at NSF in Arlington VA, April 29, 2008 -- with FLYTREE project collaborator Dr. Sonja Scheffer at NESCent Education and Outreach Project Manager, Dr. Kristin Jenkins. Wiegmann co-organized and presented a Teacher Workshop entitled 'Illuminating Biology an Evolutionary Perspective' at the NABT annual meeting, Memphis TN, Oct. 17, 2008. With Kristin Jenkins, Suzanne, Anna Thanukos, and Sam Donovan. Wiegmann was a panelist for 'Stump the Experts', at BUGFEST at the North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, August 2006, 2007 and 2008. Courtney is director of Iowa State UniversityÆs Insect Zoo. Since 2003 the facility has consistently engaged between 200-350 groups and well over 10,000 individuals / year. Programs have ranged from pre-school children to senior-citizen groups, and have included information on Diptera and various other arthropod groups Gail Kampmeier attended the summer Governing Board (GB) meeting of the Entomological Society of America held in San Diego, CA from 20-21 August 2007. She also attended the meeting of the GB Executive Committee on the 19th. She represents Section C, Biology, Ecology, & Behavior. She worked with the Membership Committee to draft a motion presented to the Governing Board that would attract more early career entomologists to the Society and retain those transitioning from student status to regular membership by lengthening the subsidy of their membership by an additional year. The motion passed and will go into effect with the 2008 membership year. Kampmeier was re-elected to serve (through 2009) on the GB of the Entomological Society of America (ESA), representing the Plant-Insect Ecosystem Section, which retains nearly half of the members of the Society. She was also elected by GB members to serve on the Executive Committee of the ESA GB as one of two At Large members (2006-2009). She also remains the GB liaison to the Membership Committee, which encourages the involvement of students and young professionals in the Society. In 2008 she was coordinator for the Women in Entomology network, which brought together over 60 people at a breakfast at the Annual Meeting of the ESA in Reno. This event encouraged the sponsorship of students and young professionals by more established entomologists, creating networking threads that could continue into the future.

Page 14 of 46 Annual Report: 0334948 Yeates won the Mackerras Medal of the Australian Entomology for 2008, with articles published in the Sydney Morning Herald November 2 2008, p. 13, and a 1 hour interview on ABC Classic FM with Maragret Throsby about flies and his career. The interview is downloadable as a podcast from http://www.abc.net.au/classic/throsby/. Yeates is also now Vice President of the Entomological Society of Australia.

Journal Publications

Yeates, D.K., Harvey, M. and Austin, A., "New estimates for terrestrial arthropod species-richness in Australia.", Records of the South Australian Museum Monograph Series, p. 231, vol. 7, (2004). Published,

Yeates, D. K. R. Meier, and B. M. Wiegmann., "Phylogeny of true flies (Diptera): A 250 million year old success story in terrestrial diversification.", Entomologische Abhandlungen, p. 119, vol. 61, (2003). Published,

Lambkin, C.L., and Yeates, D.K., "Partitioned Bremer support localises significant conflict in bee flies (Diptera: Bombyliidae: Anthracinae)", Invertebrate Systematics, p. 351, vol. 18, (2004). Published,

Wiegmann, B.M., B. K. Cassell, and D. K. Yeates., "Phylogenetic relationships of the dipteran suborder Brachycera (Insecta); a synthesis of multiple nuclear genes and morphology.", Systematic Entomology, p. , vol. , ( ). in Preparation,

Laamanen, T. R., R. Meier, M. A. Miller, A. Hille, and B. M. Wiegmann, "Phylogenetic analysis of Themira (Sepsidae: Diptera): sensitivity analysis, alignment, and indel treatment in a multigene study", Cladistics, p. 258, vol. 21, (2005). Published,

Savage, J., T. A. Wheeler, and B. M. Wiegmann, "Phylogenetic analysis of the genus Thricops Rondani (Diptera: Muscidae) based on molecular and morphological characters", Systematic Entomology,, p. 395, vol. 29, (2004). Published,

Austin, A. D., Yeates. D. K., Cassis, G., "Insects down under - Diversity, endemism and evolution of the Australian insect fauna: examples from select orders", Australian Journal of Entomology, p. 216, vol. 50, (2004). Published,

Clarke, A.R., K.F. Armstrong, A.E. Carmichael, J.R. Milne, S. Raghu, G.K. Roderick and D.K. Yeates, "Invasive phytophagous pests arising through a recent tropical evolutionary radiation: The Bactrocera dorsalis complex of fruit flies", Annual Review of Entomology, p. 293, vol. 50, (2005). Published,

Lambkin, C.L., Recsei, J.M. and Yeates, D.K., "Systematic revision of Johnmannia Irwin and Lyneborg (Diptera: Therevidae): Atypical metallic stiletto flies from Australian mesic habitats", Zootaxa, p. 1, vol. 866, (2005). Published,

Schnell e Schuehli, G., C. J. Barros de Carvalho, and B. M. Wiegmann., "Regarding the Taxonomic Status of Ophyra, 1830 Robineau-Desvoidy (Muscidae): A Molecular Approach.", Zootaxa, p. 1, vol. 712, (2004). Published,

Meier, R., and Farhan Ali, "Software Review. The newest kid on the parsimony block: TNT (Tree analysis using new technology)", Systematic Entomology, p. 179, vol. 30, (2005). Published,

Damgaard, J., N. M. Andersen, and R. Meier, "Effects of alignment and taxon sampling in combined molecular and morphological analyses of water strider phylogeny (Hemiptera-Heteroptera, Gerromorpha)", Systematic Entomology, p. 289, vol. 30, (2005). Published,

Hartley, C.J., Newcomb, R.D., Russell, R.J., Yong, G.G., Stevens, J.R., Yeates, D.K., La Salle, J. and Oakeshott, J.G., "Amplification of DNA from preserved specimens shows blowflies were preadapted for the rapid evolution of insecticide resistance.", Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the U.S.A., p. 8757, vol. 103, (2006). Published,

Page 15 of 46 Annual Report: 0334948 Bowman, D. and Yeates, D.K., "A remarkable moment in Australian biogeography", New Phytologist, p. 208, vol. 170, (2006). Published,

Yeates, D.K., Irwin, M., and Wiegmann, B.M., "Evocoidae (Diptera: Asiloidea), a new family name for Ocoidae, based on Evocoa, a replacement name for the Chilean genus Ocoa Yeates Irwin and Wiegmann 2003.", Systematic Entomology, p. 373, vol. 31, (2006). Published,

Lambkin, C. L. and Yeates, D. K., "Kapu (Diptera: Bombyliidae: Anthracinae: Exoprosopini), a replacement name for the Australian genus Kapua Lambkin and Yeates 2003.", Invertebrate Systematics, p. 161, vol. 20, (2006). Published,

Ferguson, D. J. and Lambkin, C. L., "Behavioral observations of Australian stiletto flies from south-eastern New South Wales (Diptera: Therevidae).", The Australian Entomologist., p. , vol. , ( ). Accepted,

Allsopp, P.G. and Lambkin, C.L., "Canegrubs and cladistics: what story do adult, larval and ecological characters tell?", Australian Journal of Entomology, p. 55, vol. 45, (2006). Published,

Curler, G.R., J. Phasuk, J. Chanpaisaeng, & G.W. Courtney., "A new species of Horaiella Tonnoir (Diptera: Psychodidae) from Thailand", Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, p. 519, vol. 108, (2006). Published,

Phasuk, J., J. Chanpaisaeng. & G.W. Courtney, "The preliminary report of black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) of Khao Yai National Park, Thailand", Thai Journal of Agricultural Science, p. 109, vol. 37, (2004). Published,

Jacobson, A.J., J. Phasuk, J. Chanpaisaeng, & G.W. Courtney, "The net-winged midges (Diptera: Blephariceridae) of Khao Yai National Park, Thailand, with description of a new species of Blepharicera Macquart", Aquatic Insects, p. 67, vol. 28, (2006). Published,

Phasuk, J., J. Chanpaisaeng, P.H. Adler, & G.W. Courtney., "Chromosomal and morphological taxonomy of larvae of Simulium (Gomphostilbia) (Diptera: Simuliidae) in Thailand.", Zootaxa, p. 49, vol. 1052, (2005). Published,

Kutty, S. N., M. V. Bernasconi, F. Sifner, and R. Meier, "Sensitivity analysis, molecular systematics, and natural history evolution of Scathophagidae", Cladistics, p. 64, vol. 23, (2007). Published,

Memon, N., R. Meier, A. Mannan, and K. Feng-Yi Su., "On the use of DNA sequences for determining the species limits of a polymorphic new", Systematic Entomology, p. 703, vol. 31, (2006). Published,

Klass, K. D, and R. Meier, "A phylogenetic analysis of Dictyoptera (Insecta) based on morphological characters", Entomologische Abhandlungen (Dresden), p. 3, vol. 63, (2006). Published,

Meier, R., S. Kwong, G. Vaidya, and P. K. L. Ng, "DNA Barcoding and taxonomy in Diptera: a tale of high intraspecific variability and low", Systematic Biology, p. 715, vol. 55, (2006). Published,

Clements, R, L. P. Koh, T. M. Lee, R. Meier, and D. Li, "Importance of reservoirs for the conservation of freshwater molluscs in a tropical urban landscape.", Biological Conservation, p. 136, vol. 128, (2006). Published,

Skevington, J. H., "Revision of Nearctic Nephrocerus Zetterstedt (Diptera: Pipunculidae)", Zootaxa, p. 1, vol. 977, (2005). Published,

Skevington, J. H., "Revision of Fijian Collinias Aczél (Diptera: Pipunculidae)", Bishop Museum Occasional Papers: Fiji Arthropods, p. 13, vol. 89, (2006). Published,

Skevington, J. H., C. Kehlmaier, and G. Ståhls, "Molecular barcoding: Mixed results for big-headed flies (Diptera: Pipunculidae)", Zootaxa, p. 1, vol. 1423, (2007). Published,

Nihei, SS; Barros De Carvalho, CJ, "Systematics and biogeography of Polietina Schnabl & Dziedzicki (Diptera, Muscidae): Neotropical area

Page 16 of 46 Annual Report: 0334948 relationships and Amazonia as a composite area", SYSTEMATIC ENTOMOLOGY, p. 477, vol. 32, (2007). Published, 10.1111/j.1365-3113.2006.00376.

Nihei, SS; De Carvalho, CJB, "Taxonomy, cladistics and biogeography of Coenosopsia Malloch (Diptera, Anthomyiidae) and its significance to the evolution of anthomyiids in the Neotropics", SYSTEMATIC ENTOMOLOGY, p. 260, vol. 29, (2004). Published,

Meier, R; Dikow, T, "Significance of specimen databases from taxonomic revisions for estimating and mapping the global species diversity of invertebrates and repatriating reliable specimen data", CONSERVATION BIOLOGY, p. 478, vol. 18, (2004). Published, de Carvalho, CJB; Pont, AC, "Taxonomy, cladistics and biogeography of the South American genus Brachygasterina Macquart (Diptera : Muscidae). (vol 1151, pg 1, 2006)", ZOOTAXA, p. 68, vol. , (2006). Published,

De Carvalho, CJB; Pont, AC, "Taxonomy, cladistics and biogeography of the South American genus Brachygasterina Macquart (Diptera : Muscidae)", ZOOTAXA, p. 1, vol. , (2006). Published,

De Carvalho, CJB; Couri, MS; Pont, AC; Pamplona, D; Lopes, SM, "A catalogue of the Muscidae (Diptera) of the neotropical region", ZOOTAXA, p. 1, vol. , (2005). Published,

Evenhuis, NL; Pont, AC, "The Diptera genera of Jacques-Marie-Frangile Bigot", ZOOTAXA, p. 3, vol. , (2004). Published,

Amorim, DD; Grimaldi, DA, "Valeseguyidae, a new family of Diptera in the Scatopsoidea, with a new genus in Cretaceous amber from Myanmar", SYSTEMATIC ENTOMOLOGY, p. 508, vol. 31, (2006). Published, 10.1111/j.1365-3113.2006.00326.

Amorim, DDS; Balbi, MIPA, "A review of Anapausis Enderlein (Diptera : Scatopsidae) in the Neotropical Region, with four new species and comments on the phylogeny of the genus", ZOOTAXA, p. 1, vol. , (2006). Published,

Amorim, D. S. and D. Yeates, "Pesky Gnats: Ridding Dipteran Classification of the Nematocera.", Studia Dipterologica, p. 3, vol. 13, (2006). Published,

Barraclough, DA, "Remarkable sexual dimorphism in the Afrotropical species Nycterimyia capensis Bezzi, 1924 (Diptera : Nemestrinidae), and its taxonomic implications", ZOOTAXA, p. 1, vol. , (2006). Published,

Barraclough, DA, "An overview of the South African tangle-veined flies (Diptera : Nemestrinidae), with an annotated key to the genera and a checklist of species", ZOOTAXA, p. 39, vol. , (2006). Published,

Barraclough, DA, "A review of the type material of the Southern African genus Stenobasipteron Lichtwardt, 1910 (Diptera : Nemestrinidae), with transfer of two species to Prosoeca Schiner, 1867", ZOOTAXA, p. 41, vol. , (2005). Published,

Bortolanza, M; De Carvalho, CJB; Lara, APC, "A new species of Coenosopsia Malloch (Diptera, Anthomyiidae) from southern Brazil and a reappraisal of the cladistic relationships of the genus", ZOOTAXA, p. 37, vol. , (2006). Published,

Brake, I; Mathis, WN, "Revision of the genus Australimyza Harrison (Diptera : Australimyzidae)", SYSTEMATIC ENTOMOLOGY, p. 252, vol. 32, (2007). Published, 10.1111/j.1365-3113.2006.00363.

Curler, GR; Phasuk, J; Chanpaisaeng, J; Courtney, GW, "A new species of Horaiella Tonnoir (Diptera : Psychodidae) from Thailand", PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON, p. 519, vol. 108, (2006). Published,

Lonsdale, O; Marshall, SA, "Revision of the new world species of Craspedochaeta (diptera : clusiidae)", ZOOTAXA, p. 3, vol. , (2006). Published,

Marinoni, L; Mathis, WN, "A cladistic analysis of the Neotropical genus Sepedonea Steyskal (Diptera : Sciomyzidae)", ZOOTAXA, p. 37, vol. , (2006). Published,

Page 17 of 46 Annual Report: 0334948 Meier, R; Shiyang, K; Vaidya, G; Ng, PKL, "DNA barcoding and taxonomy in diptera: A tale of high intraspecific variability and low identification success", SYSTEMATIC BIOLOGY, p. 715, vol. 55, (2006). Published, 10.1080/1063515060096986

Nihei, SS; de Carvalho, CJB, "Phylogeny and classification of Muscini (Diptera, Muscidae)", ZOOLOGICAL JOURNAL OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY, p. 493, vol. 149, (2007). Published,

Cerretti, P; Pape, T, "Two new species of European Stevenia Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera : Rhinophoridae) and a key to the Palaearctic species", ZOOTAXA, p. 31, vol. , (2007). Published,

Pape, T; De Mello-Patiu, CA, "Revision of Engelimyia Lopes, 1975 (Diptera : Sarcophagidae)", ZOOTAXA, p. 21, vol. , (2006). Published,

Pape, T, "A new species of Hoplacephala Macquart (Diptera : Sarcophagidae) from Namibia, with a discussion of generic monophyly", ZOOTAXA, p. 57, vol. , (2006). Published,

Pape, T, "The Sarcophagidae (Insecta : Diptera) described by Louis Pandelle", ZOOTAXA, p. 3, vol. , (2004). Published,

Blackith, RM; Richet, R; Pape, T, "Revision of Sarcophaga dissimilis Meigen, 1826 and Sarcophaga chaetoneura Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1889 (Diptera : Sarcophagidae)", ZOOTAXA, p. 1, vol. , (2004). Published,

Pape, T; Mendez, J, "Two new species of Sarcofahrtiopsis (Diptera : Sarcophagidae)", ZOOTAXA, p. 1, vol. , (2004). Published,

Perez-Gelabert, DE; Thompson, FC, "A new genus and species of Richardiidae (Diptera) from Hispaniola", ZOOTAXA, p. 25, vol. , (2006). Published,

Petersen, MJ, "A new species of crane fly, Pedicia (Pedicia) goldsworthyi (Diptera : Pediciidae), from eastern North America", ZOOTAXA, p. 55, vol. , (2006). Published,

Petersen, MJ; Parker, CR; Bernard, E, "The crane flies (Diptera : Tipuloidea) of Great Smoky Mountains National Park", ZOOTAXA, p. 1, vol. , (2005). Published,

Scheffer, SJ; Lewis, ML, "Mitochondrial phylogeography of the vegetable pest Liriomyza trifolii (Diptera : Agromyzidae): Diverged clades and invasive populations", ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA, p. 991, vol. 99, (2006). Published,

Scheffer, SJ; Lewis, ML; Joshi, RC, "DNA barcoding applied to invasive leafminers (Diptera : Agromyzidae) in the Philippines", ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA, p. 204, vol. 99, (2006). Published,

Scheffer, SJ; Lewis, ML, "Mitochondrial phylogeography of vegetable pest Liriomyza sativae (Diptera : Agromyzidae): Divergent clades and invasive Populations", ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA, p. 181, vol. 98, (2005). Published,

Scheffer, SJ; Giblin-Davis, RM; Taylor, GS; Davies, KA; Purcell, M; Lewis, ML; Goolsby, J; Center, TD, "Phylogenetic relationships, species limits, and host specificity of gall-forming Fergusonina flies (Diptera : Fergusoninidae) feeding on Melaleuca (Myrtaceae)", ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA, p. 1216, vol. 97, (2004). Published,

Simmons, RB; Scheffer, SJ, "Evidence of cryptic species within the pest Copitarsia decolora (Guenee) (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae)", ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA, p. 675, vol. 97, (2004). Published,

Simon, C; Buckley, TR; Frati, F; Stewart, JB; Beckenbach, AT, "Incorporating molecular evolution into phylogenetic analysis, and a new compilation of conserved polymerase chain reaction primers for animal mitochondrial DNA", ANNUAL REVIEW OF ECOLOGY EVOLUTION AND SYSTEMATICS, p. 545, vol. 37, (2006). Published, 10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.37.091305.11001

Amorim, DD; Rindal, E, "Phylogeny of the Mycetophiliformia, with proposal of the subfamilies Heterotrichinae, Ohakuneinae, and Chiletrichinae for the Rangomaramidae (Diptera, Bibionomorpha)", ZOOTAXA, p. 3, vol. , (2007). Published,

Page 18 of 46 Annual Report: 0334948 Santos, CMD; Amorim, DDS, "Chrysopilus (Diptera : Rhagionidae) from Brazil: redescription of Chrysopilus fascipennis Bromley and description of eleven new species", ZOOTAXA, p. 1, vol. , (2007). Published,

Calor, AR; Holzenthal, RW; Amorim, DS, "Phylogenetic analysis of Notalina (Neonotalina) Holzenthal (Trichoptera : Leptoceridae), with the description of two new species from southeastern Brazil", ZOOTAXA, p. 33, vol. , (2006). Published,

Amorim, DD; Pinto, LG, "First known male of Enicoscolus (Diptera : Bibionidae), with a redescription of E-brachycephalus", ZOOTAXA, p. 1, vol. , (2004). Published,

Bickford, D., Lohman, D., Sodhi, N. S., Ng, P. K. L., Meier, R., Winker, K., Ingram, K., Das, "Cryptic species: a new window on diversity and conservation", Trends in Ecology and Evolution, p. 148, vol. 22, (2007). Published,

Blagoderov, V., D. A. Grimaldi, and N. C. Fraser, "How time flies for flies: Diverse Diptera from the Triassic of Virginia and early radiation of the order", American Museum Novitates, p. 1, vol. 3572, (2007). Published,

Blanckenhorn, WU; Dixon, AFG; Fairbairn, DJ; Foellmer, MW; Gibert, P; van der Linde, K; Meier, R; Nylin, S; Pitnick, S; Schoff, C; Signorelli, M; Teder, T; Wiklund, C, "Proximate causes of Rensch's rule: Does sexual size dimorphism in arthropods result from sex differences in development time?", AMERICAN NATURALIST, p. 245, vol. 169, (2007). Published,

Cameron, SL; Lambkin, CL; Barker, SC; Whiting, MF, "A mitochondrial genome phylogeny of Diptera: whole genome sequence data accurately resolve relationships over broad timescales with high precision", SYSTEMATIC ENTOMOLOGY, p. 40, vol. 32, (2007). Published, 10.1111/j.1365-3113.2006.00355.

Chaverri, LG; Borkent, A, "The meniscus midges of costa rica (Diptera : Dixidae)", ZOOTAXA, p. 1, vol. , (2007). Published,

Ferguson, D. J., "Field observations of Perissomma mcalpinei Colless (Diptera: Perissommatidae).", Australian Entomologist, p. 93, vol. 34, (2007). Published,

Gibson, JF; Courtney, GW, "Revision of the net-winged midge genus Horaia Tonnoir and its phylogenetic relationship to other genera within the tribe Apistomyiini (Diptera : Blephariceridae)", SYSTEMATIC ENTOMOLOGY, p. 276, vol. 32, (2007). Published, 10.1111/j.1365-3113.2006.00360.

Holston, KC; Irwin, ME; Wiegmann, BM, "Monophyly and phylogenetic relationships of Thereva and therevine genus-groups (Insecta : Diptera : Therevidae) based on EF-1 alpha, 28S rDNA and mitochondrial 16S rDNA sequences", INVERTEBRATE SYSTEMATICS, p. 279, vol. 21, (2007). Published, 10.1071/IS0600

Kutty, SN; Bernasconi, MV; Sifner, F; Meier, R, "Sensitivity analysis, molecular systematics and natural history evolution of Scathophagidae (Diptera : Cyclorrhapha : Calyptratae)", CLADISTICS, p. 64, vol. 23, (2007). Published, 10.1111/j.1096-0031.2006.00131.

Moulton, JK; Wiegmann, BM, "The phylogenetic relationships of flies in the superfamily Empidoidea (Insecta : Diptera)", MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION, p. 701, vol. 43, (2007). Published, 10.1016/j.ympev.2007.02.02

Petersen, FT; Meier, R; Kutty, SN; Wiegmann, BM, "The phylogeny and evolution of host choice in the Hippoboscoidea (Diptera) as reconstructed using four molecular markers", MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION, p. 111, vol. 45, (2007). Published, 10.1016/j.ympev.2007.04.02

Scheffer, SJ; Winkler, IS; Wiegmann, BM, "Phylogenetic relationships within the leaf-mining flies (Diptera : Agromyzidae) inferred from sequence data from multiple genes", MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION, p. 756, vol. 42, (2007). Published, 10.1016/j.ympev.2006.12.01

Schuehli, GSE; de Carvalho, CJB; Wiegmann, BM, "Molecular phylogenetics of the Muscidae (Diptera : Calyptratae): new ideas in a congruence context", INVERTEBRATE SYSTEMATICS, p. 263, vol. 21, (2007). Published, 10.1071/IS0602

Page 19 of 46 Annual Report: 0334948 Shekelle, M; Meier, R; Indrawan, M; Maryanto, I; Salim, A; Supriatna, J; Andayani, N; Wirdateti, "When "not extinct" is not good news: Conservation in Sangihe Islands", CONSERVATION BIOLOGY, p. 4, vol. 21, (2007). Published, 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2006.00622.

Sinclair, BJ; Borkent, A; Wood, DM, "The male genital tract and aedeagal components of the Diptera with a discussion of their phylogenetic significance", ZOOLOGICAL JOURNAL OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY, p. 711, vol. 150, (2007). Published,

Stuke, JH; Skevington, JH, "The conopidae of Costa Rica (Diptera) (Part 1: Conopinae - Conopini & Tropidomyiini)", ZOOTAXA, p. 1, vol. , (2007). Published,

Skevington, JH; Kehlmaier, C; Stahls, G, "DNA Barcoding: Mixed results for big-headed flies (Diptera : Pipunculidae)", ZOOTAXA, p. 1, vol. , (2007). Published,

Skevington, JH, "Revision of nearctic Nephrocerus Zetterstedt (Diptera : Pipunculidae)", ZOOTAXA, p. 1, vol. , (2005). Published,

Su, KF; Meier, R; Jackson, RR; Harland, DP; Li, D, "Convergent evolution of eye ultrastructure and divergent evolution of vision-mediated predatory behaviour in jumping spiders", JOURNAL OF EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY, p. 1478, vol. 20, (2007). Published, 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2007.01335.

Winterton, SL; Wiegmann, BM; Schlinger, EI, "Phylogeny and Bayesian divergence time estimations of small-headed flies (Diptera : Acroceridae) using multiple molecular markers", MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION, p. 808, vol. 43, (2007). Published, 10.1016/j.ympev.2006.08.01

Yeates, D. K., B. M. Wiegmann, G. W. Courtney, R. Meier, and T. Pape, "Phylogeny and systematics of Diptera: Two decades of progress and prospects", Zootaxa, p. 585, vol. 1668, (2007). Published,

Bertone, M. A., G. W. Courtney, and B. M. Wiegmann, "Phylogenetics and a timescale for diversification of the earliest true flies (Insecta: Diptera) based on multiple nuclear genes", Systematic Entomology, p. 668, vol. 33, (2008). Published, 10.1111/j.1365-3113.2008.00437.x

Petersen, M.J., "Revision and phylogeny of the genus Lipsothrix Loew.", Systematic Entomology, p. , vol. , ( ). In Preparation,

Petersen, M.J. and G.W. Courtney, "The crane flies (Diptera; Tipuloidea) of the Oriental Region: diversity and biogeographic origins of the Limoniinae genera", Systematic Entomology, p. , vol. , ( ). In Preparation,

Petersen, M. J., "Old traditions and new insight into crane fly (Diptera; Tipuloidea) systematics: Where do we go from here? (Diptera; Tipuloidea) Crane Flies.", Insect Systematics and Evolution, p. , vol. , ( ). In Preparation,

Petersen, M J, "Phylogenetic Revision of the Limoniinae (Diptera; Tipuloidea) Crane Flies", Insect Sytematics and Evolution, p. , vol. , ( ). In Preparation,

Trautwein, M. D., B. M. Wiegmann, and D. K. Yeates, "A Multigene phylogeny of the Asiloidea (Diptera)", Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, p. , vol. , ( ). In Preparation,

Wiegmann, B. M., J. Kim, M. D. Trautwein, M. Bertone, D.K. Yeates, M. L. Winterton, and B. K. Cassel, "Nuclear genes resolve the phylogeny of the holometabolous insect orders", PLoS One, p. , vol. , ( ). In Preparation,

Jacobson, AJ; Courtney, GW, "A NEW SPECIES OF BLEPHARICERA MACQUART (DIPTERA: BLEPHARICERIDAE) FROM WESTERN NORTH AMERICA", PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON, p. 978, vol. 110, (2008). Published,

Wagner, R., M. Bartak, A. Borkent G. Courtney, B. Goddeeris, J-P. Haenni, L. Knutson, A. Pont, G.E. Rotheray, R. Rozkosny, B. Sinclair, N. Woodley, T. Zatwarnicki & P. Zwick, "Global diversity of dipteran families (Insecta Diptera) in freshwater (excluding Simuliidae, Culicidae, Chironomidae, Tipulidae and Tabanidae).", Hydrobiologia, p. 489, vol. 595, (2008). Published,

Page 20 of 46 Annual Report: 0334948 Curler, G.R., & G.W. Courtney, "A revision of the world species of the genus Neotelmatoscopus Tonnoir (Diptera: Psychodidae).", Systematic Entomology, p. , vol. 34, (2009). Accepted,

Petersen, M.J. & G.W. Courtney, "Landscape heterogeneity and the confluence of regional faunas promote diversity and structure community assemblage and in a tropical biodiversity hotspot", Biodiversity and Conservation, p. , vol. , (2009). Submitted,

Pfrender, M.E., C.P. Hawkins, M. Bagley, G.W. Courtney, B. Creutzburg, J.H. Epler, S. Fend, L.C. Ferrington, Jr., P.L. Hartzell, S. Jackson, P. Larsen, A. Lévesque, J.C. Morse, M. Petersen, A. Radwell, D. Ruiter, D. Schindel, & M. Whiting, "Genetic approaches to biodiversity assessment in freshwater ecosystems", Journal of the North American Benthological Society, p. , vol. , (2009). Submitted,

Lambkin, C., Hiller, T., Tennent, W. J. and Starick, N., "The Burnham collection (Lepidoptera): From Rev. Pére J.B. Poncelet in Bougainville to Gold Coast garage", The Australian Entomologist, p. 79, vol. 35, (2008). Published,

Lambkin, C.L., Fayed, S.A., Manchester, C., La Salle, J., Scheffer, S.J. and Yeates, D.K., "Plant hosts and parasitoid associations of leaf mining flies (Diptera: Agromyzidae) in the Canberra region of Australia", Australian Journal of Entomology, p. 13, vol. 47, (2008). Published,

Baker, C.H. G. Graham, K. Scott, D.K.Yeates and D.J. Merritt, "Geography, not habitat structures Australian glow-worm Diversity: Habitats, species limits, relationships and distribution of Arachnocampa (Diptera, Keroplatidae)", Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, p. 506, vol. 48, (2008). Published,

Yeates, D.K., "Revision of the genus Apiformyia in Australia (Bombyliidae: Bombyliinae)", Zootaxa, p. 31, vol. 1714, (2008). Published,

Wedmann, S. and Yeates, D.K., "Eocene records of bee flies (Insecta, Diptera, Bombyliidae, Comptosia), their paleobiogeographic implications and remarks on the evolutionary history of bombyliids", Palaeontology, p. 231, vol. 51, (2008). Published,

Christine L Lambkin, John WH Trueman, David K Yeates, Kevin C Holston, Donald W Webb, Martin Hauser, Mark A Metz, Hilary N Hill, Jeffrey H Skevington, Longlong Yang, Michael E Irwin, and Brian M Wiegmann, "Supertrees and the Tree of Life: Generating a metaphylogeny for a diverse invertebrate family (Insecta: Diptera: Therevidae) using constraint trees and the parsimony ratchet to overcome low taxon overlap", Invertebrate Systematics, p. , vol. , (2009). Accepted,

Ballantyne, L. A. and Lambkin, C., "Systematics of Indo-Pacific Fireflies with a redefinition of Australasian Atyphella Olliff, Madagascan Photuroluciola (Pic), and description of seven new genera from the Luciolinae (Coleoptera: Lampyridae)", Zootaxa, p. , vol. , (2009). Accepted,

Ali, F; Meier, R, "Positive Selection in ASPM Is Correlated with Cerebral Cortex Evolution across Primates but Not with Whole-Brain Size", MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION, p. 2247, vol. 25, (2008). Published, 10.1093/molbev/msn18

Ang, Y; Lim, GS; Meier, R, "Morphology and DNA sequences confirm the first Neotropical record for the Holarctic sepsid species Themira leachi (Meigen) (Diptera: Sepsidae)", ZOOTAXA, p. 63, vol. , (2008). Published,

Denise, TSH; Ali, F; Kutty, SN; Meier, R, "The need for specifying species concepts: How many species of silvered langurs (Trachypithecus cristatus group) should be recognized?", MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION, p. 688, vol. 49, (2008). Published, 10.1016/j.ympev.2008.06.02

Kutty, SN; Pape, T; Pont, A; Wiegmann, BM; Meier, R, "The Muscoidea (Diptera: Calyptratae) are paraphyletic: Evidence from four mitochondrial and four nuclear genes", MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION, p. 639, vol. 49, (2008). Published, 10.1016/j.ympev.2008.08.01

Hare, EE; Peterson, BK; Iyer, VN; Meier, R; Eisen, MB, "Sepsid even-skipped Enhancers Are Functionally Conserved in Drosophila Despite Lack of Sequence Conservation", PLOS GENETICS, p. , vol. 4, (2008). Published, 10.1371/journal.pgen.100010

Meier, R; Zhang, GY; Ali, F, "The Use of Mean Instead of Smallest Interspecific Distances Exaggerates the Size of the "Barcoding Gap" and Leads to Misidentification", SYSTEMATIC BIOLOGY, p. 809, vol. 57, (2008). Published, 10.1080/1063515080240634

Page 21 of 46 Annual Report: 0334948 Su, KFY; Kutty, SN; Meier, R, "Morphology versus molecules: the phylogenetic relationships of Sepsidae (Diptera: Cyclorrhapha) based on morphology and DNA sequence data from ten genes", CLADISTICS, p. 902, vol. 24, (2008). Published, 10.1111/j.1096-0031.2008.00222.

Puniamoorthy, N; Su, KFY; Meier, R, "Bending for love: losses and gains of sexual dimorphisms are strictly correlated with changes in the mounting position of sepsid flies (Sepsidae : Diptera)", BMC EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY, p. , vol. 8, (2008). Published, 10.1186/1471-2148-8-15

Ang, Y; Puniamoorthy, N; Meier, R, "Secondarily reduced foreleg armature in Perochaeta dikowi sp.n. (Diptera : Cyclorrhapha : Sepsidae) due to a novel mounting technique", SYSTEMATIC ENTOMOLOGY, p. 552, vol. 33, (2008). Published, 10.1111/j.1365-3113.2008.00422.

Huang, DW; Meier, R; Todd, PA; Chou, LM, "Slow mitochondrial COI sequence evolution at the base of the metazoan tree and its implications for DNA barcoding", JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EVOLUTION, p. 167, vol. 66, (2008). Published, 10.1007/s00239-008-9069-

Ingram, KK; Laamanen, T; Puniamoorthy, N; Meier, R, "Lack of morphological coevolution between male forelegs and female wings in Themira (Sepsidae : Diptera : Insecta)", BIOLOGICAL JOURNAL OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY, p. 227, vol. 93, (2008). Published,

Meier, R., G. S. Lim, "Conflict, Convergent Evolution, and the Relative Importance of Immature and Adult Characters in Endopterygote Phylogenetics", Annual Review of Entomology, p. , vol. , (2009). Accepted,

Huang, D., R. Meier, P. A. Todd, and L. M. Chou, "More evidence for pervasive paraphyly in scleratinian corals: systematic study of Southeast Asian Faviidae (Cnidaria: Scleractinia) based on molecular and morphological data", Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, p. , vol. , (2009). Accepted, DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2008.10.012

Lohman, D. J., P. Djunijanti, N. E. Pierce, R. Meier, "Phylogeography and genetic diversity of a widespread Old World butterfly, Lampides boeticus (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae)", BMC Evolutionary Biology, p. 301, vol. 8, (2008). Published,

Meier, R., "Evolution: Teaching the Controversy", CDTLink, p. 4, vol. 12, (2008). Published,

Lohman, D. Prawiradilaga, and R. Meier, "Improved COI barcoding primers for Southeast Asian perching birds (Aves: Passeriformes)", Molecular Ecology Resources, p. , vol. , (2009). Accepted, DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-0998.2008.02221.x

Friedrich, M, "Opsins and cell fate in the Drosophila Bolwig organ: tricky lessons in homology inference", BIOESSAYS, p. 980, vol. 30, (2008). Published, 10.1002/bies.2080

Bao, R., and M. Friedrich, "Molecular evolution of the Drosophila retinome: evidence of a surge of gene duplicate accumulation in the higher Diptera", Molecular Biology and Evolution, p. , vol. , (2009). Submitted,

Bao, R., Caravas, J., and M. Friedrich, "Simple DNA gone coding or coding DNA gone simple: evolutionary origin the Drosophila orphan gene calphotin", Molecular Biology and Evolution, p. , vol. , (2009). In Preparation,

Kampmeier, G. E., "Introduction: From Small to Big", Proceedings of TDWG, p. 11, vol. , (2008). Published,

Kampmeier, G. E., "Mandala 8: A Database System that Can Start Out Small and End Up Big", Proceedings of TDWG, p. 67, vol. , (2008). Published,

Skevington, J.H. and Földvári, M, "Revision of Fijian Tomosvaryella Aczél (Diptera: Pipunculidae)", Bishop Museum Occasional Papers: Fiji Arthropods, p. 27, vol. 8, (2007). Published,

Sinclair, B.J. and A. Borkent, "The male genital tract and aedeagal components of the Diptera with a discussion of their phylogenetic significance", Zoological Journal of the Linnaean Society, p. 711, vol. 150, (2007). Published,

Page 22 of 46 Annual Report: 0334948 Books or Other One-time Publications

Yeates, D. K., and B. M. Wiegmann, "Phylogeny and evolution of Diptera: recent insights and new perspectives", (2005). Book, Published Editor(s): Yeates, D. K., and B. M. Wiegmann Collection: The Evolutionary Biology of Flies Bibliography: Columbia University Press

Meier, R., "The Role of Dipterology in Phylogenetic Systematics: The Insight of Willi Hennig", (2005). Book, Published Editor(s): Yeates, D.K, and Wiegmann, B. M. Collection: The Evolutionary Biology of Flies Bibliography: Columbia University Press

Yeates, D.K., and Wiegmann, B. M., "The Evolutionary Biology of Flies", (2005). Book, Published Bibliography: Columbia University Press

Courtney, G.W., & R.W. Merritt, "Aquatic Diptera: Part one: Larvae of aquatic Diptera", (2006). Book, Accepted Editor(s): R.W. Merritt, K.W. Cummins, & M.B. Berg Collection: An Introduction to the Aquatic Insects of North America. Fourth Edition Bibliography: Kendall / Hunt Publishing Co., Dubuque, Iowa

Courtney, G.W., R.W. Merritt, K.W. Cummins, & D.W. Webb, "Ecological and distributional data for larval aquatic Diptera", (2006). Book, Accepted Editor(s): R.W. Merritt, K.W. Cummins, & M.B. Berg Collection: An Introduction to the Aquatic Insects of North America. Fourth Edition Bibliography: Kendall / Hunt Publishing Co., Dubuque, Iowa

Rafael, J. A., and J. H. Skevington, "Pipunculidae", ( ). Book, Accepted Editor(s): Brown, B. Collection: The Diptera of Central America Bibliography: INBio, San Jose

Skevington, J. H., F. C. Thompson, and S. Camras, "Conopidae", ( ). Book, Accepted Editor(s): Brown B. Collection: The Diptera of Central America Bibliography: INBio, San Jose

Bertone, M. A., and B. M. Wiegmann, "Diptera", (2009). Book, Accepted Editor(s): S. Kumar and S. B. Hedges Collection: The Timetree of Life Bibliography: Oxford University Press.

Page 23 of 46 Annual Report: 0334948 Kampmeier, G. E. and M. E. Irwin, "Meeting the interrelated challenges of tracking specimen, nomenclature, and literature data in Mandala", (2009). Book, Accepted Editor(s): T. Pape, R. Meier, and D. Bickel Collection: Diptera Diversity: Status, Challenges and Tools Bibliography: Leiden: Koninklijke Brill NV

Meier, R., "DNA Sequences in Taxonomy: Opportunities and Challenges", (2008). Book, Published Editor(s): Q. Wheeler Collection: The New Taxonomy: Systematics Association Special Volume Bibliography: CRC Press

Meier, R. and G. Zhang, "DNA barcoding and DNA taxonomy in Diptera: An assessment based on 4261 COI sequences for 1001 species", (2009). Book, Accepted Editor(s): Pape, T., Bickel, D., R. Meier Collection: Diptera Diversity: Status, Challenges, and Tools Bibliography: Brill Academic Publishers

Dikow, T. , R. Meier, G. G. Vaidya, J. Londt, "Biodiversity Research Based on Taxonomic Revisions - A Tale of Unrealized Opportunities", (2009). Book, Accepted Editor(s): Pape, T., Bickel, D., R. Meier Collection: Diptera Diversity: Status, Challenges, and Tools Bibliography: Brill Academic Publishers

Pape, T., Bickel, D., R. Meier, "Diptera Diversity: Status, Challenges, and Tools", (2009). Book, Accepted Bibliography: Brill Academic Publishers

Blanckenhorn, W., R. Meier, and T. Teder, "Renschs rule in insects: patterns among and within species", (2009). Book, Published Editor(s): Fairbairn, D. J., Blanckenhorn, W. and Szekely, T. Collection: Sex, Size and Gender Roles evolutionary studies of sexual size dimorphism Bibliography: Oxford University Press

Wiegmann, B. M., M. D. Trautwein, and J. Kim, "Holometabola", (2009). Book, Accepted Editor(s): S. Kumar and S. B. Hedges Collection: The Timetree of Life Bibliography: Oxford University Press

Winterton, S. L. and Wiegmann, B. M., "Neuroptera", (2009). Book, Accepted Editor(s): S. Kumar and S. B. Hedges Collection: The Timetree of Life Bibliography: Oxford University Press

Page 24 of 46 Annual Report: 0334948 Courtney, G.W, "Blephariceridae (net-winged midges)", (2009). Book, Accepted Editor(s): Brown, B.V., Borkent, A., Wood, D.M., and Zumbado, M. Collection: Manual of the Diptera of Central America Bibliography: National Research Council Press, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

Courtney, G.W., & R.W. Merritt, "Diptera (non-biting) in fresh waters", (2009). Book, Accepted Editor(s): Likens, G. E. Collection: Encyclopedia of Inland Waters Bibliography: Elsevier Limited, Oxford, UK

Courtney, G.W., T. Pape, J.H. Skevington & B.J. Sinclair, "Biodiversity of Diptera", (2009). Book, Accepted Editor(s): R.G. Foottit and P.H. Adler Collection: Insect Biodiversity: Science and Society Bibliography: Blackwell Publishing, Oxford

Merritt, R.W., G.W. Courtney and J.B. Keiper, "Diptera", (2009). Book, Accepted Editor(s): Resh, V.H. and R.T. Cardé Collection: Encyclopedia of Insects Bibliography: Elsevier Press, San Diego

Web/Internet Site

URL(s): http://www.inhs.uiuc.edu/cee/FLYTREE/ Description: This is the primary project website that will disseminate information on the Dipteran tree, explain project objectives, serve products from the project, and function as a portal for other Diptera websites. www.diptera.org is being developed within the project to be a major dissemination tool for information on flies, their diversity, evolution, nomenclature and identification. This site is now undergoing changes to reflect its connection to the Diptera ATOL project (FLYTREE). While attending the Biodiversity Information Standards (TDWG) meetings in Bratislava, Slovakia in September 2007, Kampmeier heard a talk on EDIT (European Distributed Institute of Taxonomy) Scratchpads http://www.editwebrevisions.info/scratchpads, which is a Drupal (content management) based environment for collaborative taxonomy development. Upon discovering that Irina Brake (National Museum of Natural History, London, formerly working with Chris Thompson on Diptera.org) had reserved a space for Diptera on the EDIT Scratchpads, Kampmeier began to collaborate with her on bringing FLYTREE into this environment along with proposing to bring diptera.org into the system as well. Pages are now under development, and plans to make them public will probably occur in early 2008. Project Participants, Keith Bayless, Jeff Skevington, Owen Lonsdale, David Yeates and Brian Wiegmann all of the Diptera phylogenetic trees displayed on tolweb.org. Bayless, K. 2008 Stratiomyiidae (D. R. Maddison, and K.-S. Schulz, eds.). The Tree of

Page 25 of 46 Annual Report: 0334948 Life Web Project. http://tolweb.org/tree?group=Stratiomyidae. Bayless, K. 2007 Coelopidae(D. R. Maddison, and K.-S. Schulz, eds.). The Tree of Life Web Project. http://tolweb.org/tree?group=Coelopidae. Skevington, J. H. 2005b. Pipunculidae (D. R. Maddison, and K.-S. Schulz, eds.). The Tree of Life Web Project. http://tolweb.org/tree?group=Pipunculidae

Other Specific Products

Product Type: Teaching aids Product Description: Yeates, D., Hastings, A., Hamilton, J., Colless, D., Lambkin, C., Bickel, D., McAlpine, D., Schneider, M., Daniels, G. and Cranston, P. (2004). Anatomical Atlas of Flies. (Produced by: Anne Hastings, David Yeates, and Joanna Hamilton; CSIRO Entomology AUSTRALIA.) www.ento.csiro.au/biology/fly/ fly.html. This Interactive Glossary to Diptera Morphology was developed by co-PI Yeates and colleagues, with partial support from ABRS and the Diptera ATOL. This innovative, web-based interactive anatomical atlas was featured in Science magazine?s Netwatch segment in 19 November 2004 (http:// www.sciencemag.org/content/vol306/issue5700/netwatch.shtml; Volume 306: 1269) and also in Biotechniques Journal Webwatch segment in June 2005 (http://www.biotechniques.com; Volume 38 (6): 845). The Anatomical Atlas of Flies website was also chosen to be catalogued at Natural Selection (http://nature.ac.uk/) a subject-specific gateway to the natural world, jointly co-ordinated by The Natural History Museum in London and Biome, part of the Resource Discovery Network.

Sharing Information: This glossary is served on the project website (http://www.inhs.uiuc.edu/cee/ FLYTREE/index.html) and will be included in an interactive key to fly families (in development).

Product Type: Interactive Key Product Description: Winterton, S.L., Skevington, J.H. & Lambkin, C.L. (2005) ?Stiletto flies of Australasia (Diptera: Therevidae)?. Lucid3 key. California Department of Food & Agriculture, CSIRO Entomology Australia, and Agriculture Canada, ver 1. (online publication). [An Interactive key to genera of Therevidae throughout Australasia; the first ever Lucid 3 key published online]. This website http:// www.cdfa.ca.gov/phpps/ppd/therevidopen.htm, debuted in early 2005 and includes a Lucid3 interactive key to genera and taxon pages for all Australian genera of the Therevidae including biology, systematics, and numerous digital images of live flies. The website is featured on the CSIRO Divisional website and the ANIC website, and was written up in the CSIRO Divisional Bulletin ?Gnatter?, and was submitted for inclusion in the CSIRO Board Report Sharing Information: This website http://www.cdfa.ca.gov/phpps/ppd/therevidopen.htm, debuted in early 2005.

Page 26 of 46 Annual Report: 0334948 Product Type: Interactive Keys Product Description: The Courtney lab currently is working on multi-access (LucID) keys to the larvae of aquatic Diptera families and to adults of Tipuloid genera. Matrices for both are finished. Completion of taxon pages are a priority for the next several months. Sharing Information: These keys will be available on the project website and on CD-ROM. Petersen, M.J. 2006. Key to the Adult Crane Flies of the Oriental Region (available at: http:// www.ent.iastate.edu/dept/research/systematics/thai/tipuloidea/key/adult). Petersen, M.J. 2006. Key to the Larval Crane Flies of the Oriental Region (available at: http:// www.ent.iastate.edu/dept/research/systematics/thai/tipuloidea/key/larval).

Product Type: Software (or netware) Product Description: Hamilton, J., Yeates, D.K. et al 2006. On the Fly: An Interactive Key, Guide and Anatomical Atlas for the Australian Fly Fauna. CD ROM. Canberra: ABRS Identification Series. Sharing Information: CD-ROM and links to project website.

Contributions Contributions within Discipline: We have contributed primers and made recommendations to more 10 laboratories that are now using these nuclear genes in projects in Diptera, Hymenoptera, Neuroptera, Coleoptera, Lepidoptera, and Trichoptera. New gene development and analysis should provide several new markers for insect phylogenetics. We have provided specimens, taxonomic and phyogenetic information to collaborators conducting research on dipteran comparative genomics (M. Eisen, UC Berkeley; J. Logsdon, U. Iowa), developmental biology (U. Schmidt-Ott, U Chicago), insecticide resistance (J. Oakschott, U Queensland), phylogenetics of Hymenoptera and related Holometabola (J. Heraty, UC Riverside), miRNA evolution (K. Peterson), and behavior (W. Blankenhorn, Geneva). We have provided fly cultures for 4 species of Sepsidae to Dr. J. Bowsher (University of Arizona) for evolutionary development research. Divergence time estimation in Brachycera and the estimates for therevoid radiations are providing baseline data for similar studies of insect and dipteran evolutionary history. Empirical studies of supertree methods and partitioned Bremer support (PBS) are contributing to analytical and theoretical development of these areas of systematic biology. Studies of nucleotide alignment dynamics and sensitivity analysis provide instructive empirical examples for systematic biology.

Page 27 of 46 Annual Report: 0334948 Conferences & Workshops Organized David Yeates chaired the organising committeee of the Combined Invertebrates conference in December 2005 in Canberra Australia (www.invertebrates2005.com) He also organised a symposium at the conference on Evolutionary Radiations in the Australian Biota at the meeting David Yeates is co-organising the following symposia at the International Congress of Entomology (August 2004) 1. With Dr Thomas Pape-Global goals and collaboration: Diptera in the 21st Century 2. With Dr Lyn Cook-Evolutionary radiations of Australian Terrestrial Arthropods: biological success stories from the driest continent David Yeates Co-convenes a series of workshops (2006-2008) funded by the Australian Research Council on the Evolution of the Australian Biota http:// nesuab.ees.adelaide.edu.au/page/default.asp?site=1 Yeates was invited to organize two workshops (one on Supertrees, and another on Interactive Keys) at the biennial Partnerships Enhancing Expertise in Taxonomy conference in Champaign, Illinois in September 2004. He is currently chair of the organizing committee of the combined conferences of the 7th Invertebrate Biodiversity and Conservation Conference, Australian Entomological Society, Society of Australian Systematic Biologists, and other groups, in Canberra in December 2005 (http://www.invertebrates2005.com). A large group of FLYTREE participants and collaborators met at Tangalooma, Moreton Island, Queensland from the 22-26 August 2004 for a combined Therevid PEET and FLYTREE Conference. Wiegmann, Yeates, Courtney, Meier, Pape, Kampmeier, Thompson, Irwin, Lambkin, Winterton, Skevington, Trautwein, Bertone, Petersen, and Kutty spent three days discussing the progress so far, web-based registration system of specimens, species pages for first tier taxa, a Morphobank for Diptera, and the morphological character list prepared by Lambkin from amalgamation of Yeates, Courtney, and Pape studies. Many morphological characters for Schizophora were added by Meier, Pape, Thomson, and Skevington. Gail Kampmeier organized the Database Mania workshop for the PEET V conference ôSpatial & Temporal Issues in Taxonomyö held in Urbana, IL September 2004. She was also Secretary of the organizing committee for the conference. Greg Courtney organized a meeting of the North American Dipterist Society, which was held in August, 2005, at Malheur Field Station in SE Oregon. The meeting was attended by several project participants, including Courtney, Skevington, Blagoderov, Petersen, Bertone, Trautwein, and Curler. In addition to collections around Malheur Field Station, samples were gathered in the Cascade Range around the Andrews Experimental Forest LTER. Wiegmann co-organized symposium with N.E. Woodley: Phylogeny of Diptera, 6th International Congress of Dipterology, Fukuoka Japan, Sept 2006. Cumming organized symposium with B. Sinclair: Workshop:Empidoidea, 6th International Congress of Dipterology, Fukuoka Japan, Sept 2006. Pape co-organized Symposium: Databases & Collections of

Page 28 of 46 Annual Report: 0334948 Diptera 6th International Congress of Dipterology, Fukuoka Japan, Sept 2006. Kampmeier co-organized and moderated a symposium (10 Dec. 2006) at the Annual Meeting of the Entomological Socieety of America. The symposium was chosen as a Section C symposium: 'All Movement Great & Small: Honoring the Career of Michael E. Irwin.' She gave the kick-off talk for the symposium 'Aphids suck: It's a living!' Several of Mike's colleagues spoke or sent letters that were read during the 'Story Wrangling' session that wrapped up the symposium. Kampmeier attended the PEET VI meetings in Athens, GA 26-30 March 2007. As one of the organizers of the fifth meeting of the National Science Foundation's Partnerships for Enhancing Expertise in Taxonomy, which was held in Urbana in Sept. 2004, she was on the conference planning committee for the meeting in Athens. She gave two presentations during the meetings. Gail Kampmeier and Susan Braxton organized the 20 July 2007 meeting of the monthly INHS Discussion Group around the topic of sensitive data. Using a workshop report written by Arthur Chapman for the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) as a backdrop, we discussed how our biodiversity data are managed at INHS. See http:// www.inhs.uiuc.edu/~gkamp/downloads/SensitiveData20VII07.pdf. Gail also shared the results of this discussion with the DIGIT (Digitisation of Natural History Collections) Science Subcommittee of GBIF, of which she is a member. Kampmeier was invited to moderate an e-conference for GBIF's http://www.gbif.org/ DIGIT Global Biodiversity Information Facility http://www.gbif.org/prog/digit/ Digitisation of Natural History Collections Science Subcommittee on setting the priorities for future seed funding. The e-conference, originally scheduled for 10-24 April 2007, was extended through 27 April. As moderator, Gail not only participated in the discussions and endeavored to keep them on track but she also posted summaries of activity of the conference every few days. She also contributed to the parallel e-conference for ECAT (Electronic Catalog of Names of Known Organisms). The priorities set during the conference contributed to the request for proposals (due date 1 November 2007). Project graduate student Michelle Trautwein co-organized Section A Symposium: Assembling the Tree of Life for Insects and Their Relatives: Emerging Results in the Pursuit of Large-scale Phylogenies. Entomological Society of America Annual Meeting, Indianapolis IN, Dec. 11. 2006. Gail Kampmeier co-edited with Arturo Ari±o (Univ. Narvarra, Spain) the abstracts for the posters and computer demonstrations featured at the 2007 Biodiversity Information Standards meeting in Bratislava, Slovakia. The abstracts have been published in the Proceedings of TDWG 2007 http://www.tdwg.org/proceedings/issue/view/ISBN% 20978-1-930723-71-9. Wiegmann co-organized the NESCENT Working Group CLOCKWORK. A. CLOCKWORK is a Research Triangle - based working group established to facilitate discussion,interaction, research collaboration, and information exchange between Triangle-based laboratories working in various areas of systematics, paleontology and molecular evolution. Lambkin co-organised the 8th Invertebrate Biodiversity & Conservation ôPacific Prioritiesö & Society of Australian Systematic Biologists Conference, December 3-7 2007 at the University of Queensland, Brisbane.

Page 29 of 46 Annual Report: 0334948 Invited Presentations Yeates, D.K. 2004. Supertrees, Supermatrices, and HennigÆs Legacy: The Relationships of Diptera. Departmental Seminar, State University of Iowa, Ames, Iowa, February. Lambkin, CL, DK Yeates, B Wiegmann and ME Irwin Evolutionary Radiation of Stiletto Flies in Australia Terrestrial Arthropod Radiations. Biodiversity & Biogeography, International Congress on Entomology 2004 (ICE 2004) in Brisbane, Australia, 15 - 21 August 2004. Lambkin, CL, ME Irwin, GE Kampmeier, DK Yeates, and BM Wiegmann Rewards and Challenges of Global, Collaborative taxonomy: The Paradigm Shift Offered by PEET Global Goals & Collaboration: Diptera In The 21st Century. Systematics & Phylogeny, International Congress on Entomology 2004 (ICE 2004) in Brisbane, Australia, 15 - 21 August 2004. Wiegmann, BM, and JK Moulton Comparative Genomics of Diptera: Mining Data Resources from GenBank to FlyBase. Diptera In The 21st Century. Systematics & Phylogeny, International Congress on Entomology 2004 (ICE 2004) in Brisbane, Australia, 15 - 21 August 2004. Wiegmann, BM, R Meier, DK Yeates, GW Courtney, and FC Thompson. FLYTREE: Cooperative Research in Phylogenetics and Bioinformatics Towards a Dipteran Tree of Life. Diptera In The 21st Century. Systematics & Phylogeny, International Congress on Entomology 2004 (ICE 2004) in Brisbane, Australia, 15 - 21 August 2004. Wiegmann, B. M. Multigene Systematics of Diptera: Pathways Toward a Fly Tree of Life Systematics and Biodiversity Seminar, CSIRO, Entomology, Canberra, Australia, September 2, 2004. Trautwein, M. 2004. The phylogeny of bee flies. Entomological Society of American Annual Meeting, Salt Lake City Utah, November, 16, 2004. Wiegmann, B. M. Flies in the Tree of Life: Strategies for Taxon Sampling in the FLYTREE ATOL, Symposium Speaker, Challenges of Incorporating Large BS & I Grants, TOL and Other Major NSF Programs, Entomological Collections Network, Meeting, December 13, 2004. Wiegmann, B. M. FLYTREE: Cooperative Research in Phylogenetics and Bioinformatics Toward a Dipteran Tree of Life' National Science Foundation, Assembling the Tree of Life (ATOL) Conference, December 17, 2004. Lambkin C, Yeates, D. and Wiegmann, BM 2004 Supertree Analyses, NSF- PEET Conference, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, September, 23, 2004. Kampmeier, G.E. 2005. Databasing insect collections: A view from a PEET. GBIF (Global Biodiversity Information Facility) experts workshop 'Identifying the Impediments to Databasing Entomological Collections,' Columbus, OH, 24-25 February. Kampmeier, G.E. & M.E. Irwin. 2005. Tracking specimens, taxonomic nomenclature, & literature in Mandala. Bernice B. Bishop Museum, Honolulu, HI, 1 March.

Page 30 of 46 Annual Report: 0334948 Kampmeier, G.E. & M.E. Irwin. 2005. Aphid movement: processes and consequences. Invited presentation in symposium 'Movement in Landscape Mosaics' at the North Central Branch meeting of the Entomological Society of America 21-23 March, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN. Kampmeier, G.E. & M.E. Irwin. 2005. Tracking specimens, taxonomic nomenclature, & literature in Mandala. Canadian National Collection, Ottawa, Canada 30 March. Wiegmann, B. M. Flies in the morphological, fossil and molecular record Department of Entomology, The University of Illinois, Champaign-Urbana, 1/ 05. Wiegmann, B. M. Genes, Fossils and the Evolutionary History of Flies, Seminar Speaker, Department of Entomology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 3/05. Wiegmann, B, M. and J. Damgaard 'The use of protein-coding genes in the reconstruction of higher-level relationships in insects: standard genes and newcomers', 2nd International Meeting on Insect Relationships, Dresden Germany, September 25, 2005. Freidrich, M. ôInterordinal insect relationships: insights from the visual system', 2nd International Meeting on Insect Relationships, Dresden Germany, September 25, 2005. Wiegmann, B. M. 'Steps toward a dipteran 'Tree of Life' Entomological Society of America Annual Meeting, Fort Lauderdale, FL, November 8, 2005. Courtney, G.W. Fundamentals of aquatic invertebrate ecology, with emphasis on aquatic insects. Wetland Ecology and Wildlife: Considerations for Wetland Restoration and Management. Malheur Field Station, Oregon. August 2005 Courtney, G.W. Great Basin Dipterology ù Introduction to Malheur Wildlife Refuge, Steens Mountain, and the Alvord Basin. Meeting of the North American Dipterist Society. Malheur Field Station, Oregon. August 2005 Lambkin, C. L., Yeates, D. K., Wiegmann, B. M., Thorne, J., Cassel, B. and Hauser, M. (2005). Divergence Time Estimates for the Evolutionary Radiations of Australian Stiletto Flies (Diptera: Therevidae) 36th Australian Entomological Society, 7th Invertebrate Biodiversity and Conservation, and Society of Australian Systematic Biologists Combined Conference, Canberra, ACT, AUSTRALIA. December 2005 R. Meier: ôDNA Sequences in Taxonomy: Opportunities and Challengesö Biennial Meeting of the Systematics Association, Cardiff. R. Meier: ôUndergraduate Research' an oxymoron? Can undergraduates do research? Center for the Development of Teaching and Learning, National University of Singapore. R. Meier: 'Comparative Primatology: How monkeys and apes can help us understand human behavior and cognition' Department of Psychology, National University of Singapore. Courtney, G.W. Tales of Thai torrenticoles: aquatic insects from streams in northern Thailand. Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa. February 2006 Courtney, G.W. Biosystematics of torrenticolous flies, with emphasis on net-winged midges (Diptera: Blephariceridae). University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN. March 2006 Courtney, G.W. Taxonomy and identification of aquatic Diptera North American

Page 31 of 46 Annual Report: 0334948 Benthological Society (Taxonomy Fair), Anchorage, AK. June 2006 Courtney, G.W. Studies of aquatic flies in the 21st Century: A renaissance in dipterology? North American Benthological Society, Anchorage, AK. June 2006 Wiegmann, B. M. 2006. Phylogenomics and the value of multiple data sources: Insights from the fly tree of life. Symposium speaker, New Ideas and Projects in Biodiversity Research and Systematics in the Southeastern U.S. Entomological Society of America, Annual Meeting. Wilmington, NC, March 5-8, 2006. Wiegmann, B. M. 2006. Multigene phylogenetics of flies in the tree of life. Seminar Speaker, Department of Invertebrate Biology, American Museum of Natural History, NY, May 5, 2006. Wiegmann, B. M. 2006. Dancing with the flies :Impressarios of the mountain stage Invited Speaker, North Carolina Entomological Society Annual Meeting. Yeates, K. 2006. Keynote speaker: Apystomyia, Evocoidae and the therevoid clade: What do we know about the relationships of asiloid flies? Symposium, Workshop: Asiloidea. 6th International Congress of Dipterology, Fukuoka Japan, Sept. 25, 2006. Trautwein, M.D. 2006. Phylogeny of Bombyliidae Symposium, Workshop: Asiloidea. 6th International Congress of Dipterology, Fukuoka Japan, Sept. 25, 2006. Yeates, D.K. 2006. A supertree for the stiletto flies (Diptera: Therevidae) using constraint trees and the parsimony ratchet to overcome low taxon overlap. Symposium, Workshop: Asiloidea. 6th International Congress of Dipterology, Fukuoka Japan, Sept. 25, 2006. Wiegmann, B.M. 2006. A molecular phylogeny of Asiloidea. Symposium, Workshop: Asiloidea. 6th International Congress of Dipterology, Fukuoka Japan, Sept. 25, 2006. Sinclair, B.J. 2006. The morphology, higher-level phylogeny and classification of the Empidoidea (Diptera). Symposium, Workshop: Empidoidea. 6th International Congress of Dipterology, Fukuoka Japan, Sept. 24, 2006. Wiegmann, B.M. 2006.New molecular phylogenetic evidence of relationships of the 'true' Empididae (s.s.). Symposium, Workshop: Empidoidea. 6th International Congress of Dipterology, Fukuoka Japan, Sept. 24, 2006. Cumming, J.M. 2006. Generic limits within the Microphorella Becker group (Diptera: Dolichopodidae s.lat.; Parathalassiinae) Symposium, Workshop: Empidoidea. 6th International Congress of Dipterology, Fukuoka Japan, Sept. 24, 2006. Wiegmann, B.M. 2006. Plenary Speaker: The position of Diptera in the Holometabola: Evidence from multiple nuclear genes, Symposium: Phylogeny of Diptera. 6th International Congress of Dipterology, Fukuoka Japan, Sept. 26, 2006. Yeates, D.K. 2006. FLYTREE MORPHOLOGY: Preliminary analysis of the first tier dataset. Symposium: Phylogeny of Diptera. 6th International Congress of Dipterology, Fukuoka Japan, Sept. 26, 2006. Kim, J. 2006. FLYTREE MOLECULES: The first tier phylogeny of Diptera using multiple nuclear genes. Symposium: Phylogeny of Diptera. 6th International Congress of Dipterology, Fukuoka Japan, Sept. 26, 2006. Bertone, M.A. 2006. Phylogenetic relationships of the nematocerous Diptera inferred from

Page 32 of 46 Annual Report: 0334948 molecular and morphological characters. Symposium: Phylogeny of Diptera. 6th International Congress of Dipterology, Fukuoka Japan, Sept. 26, 2006. Petersen, M. 2006. Phylogenetic analysis of the superfamily Tipuloidea (Diptera) based on combined morphological and molecular characters. Symposium: Phylogeny of Diptera. 6th International Congress of Dipterology, Fukuoka Japan, Sept. 26, 2006. Courtney, G.W., and J. K. Moulton 2006. Phylogenetic relationships of the Blephariceridae (Diptera) inferred from morphological and molecular characters. Symposium: Phylogeny of Diptera. 6th International Congress of Dipterology, Fukuoka Japan, Sept. 26, 2006. Brown, R.B. & G.W. Courtney. 2006. Mouthpart morphology of larval net-winged midges (Blephariceridae) based on scanning electron microscopy: intergeneric comparisons and their phylogenetic implications? 6th International Congress of Dipterology, Fukuoka, Japan. September. Courtney, G.W. 2006. The status of freshwater invertebrate taxonomy: Diptera. Freshwater Invertebrate DNA-Signature Workshop, Logan, Utah. November. Skevington, J.H. 2006. Phylogeny of the Lower Cyclorrhapha (Diptera) Symposium: Phylogeny of Diptera. 6th International Congress of Dipterology, Fukuoka Japan, Sept. 26, 2006. Caravas, J. 2006. Mitochondrial genome phylogeny of the Schizophora Symposium: Phylogeny of Diptera. 6th International Congress of Dipterology, Fukuoka Japan, Sept. 26, 2006. Sujatha, N.K. 2006. Scathophagidae: Molecular phylogeny and larval natural history evolution of a calyptrate family. Symposium: Phylogeny of Diptera. 6th International Congress of Dipterology, Fukuoka Japan, Sept. 26, 2006. Pape, T. 2006. Flesh fly phylogeny - more meat to the bone. Symposium: Phylogeny of Diptera. 6th International Congress of Dipterology, Fukuoka Japan, Sept. 26, 2006. Petersen, F.T. 2006. The phylogeny of the Hippoboscoidea (Diptera: Calyptratae). . Symposium: Phylogeny of Diptera. 6th International Congress of Dipterology, Fukuoka Japan, Sept. 26, 2006. Puniamoorthy, N. 2006. The Tree of Love: The evolution of mating behaviour in Sepsidae (Diptera). Symposium: Phylogeny of Diptera. 6th International Congress of Dipterology, Fukuoka Japan, Sept. 26, 2006. Su, K. F. 2006. Phylogenetic relationships and male foreleg evolution in Sepsidae. Symposium: Phylogeny of Diptera. 6th International Congress of Dipterology, Fukuoka Japan, Sept. 26, 2006. Yeates, D.K. 2006. Communities of Diptera restricted to high altitudes in the Australian Wet Tropics are vulnerable to climate change. Symposium: Biogeography of Diptera. 6th International Congress of Dipterology, Fukuoka Japan, Sept. 27, 2006. Sinclair, B.J. 2006. The New World species of the genus Clinocera (Diptera: Empididae: Clinocerinae). Symposium: Biogeography of Diptera. 6th International Congress of Dipterology, Fukuoka Japan, Sept. 27, 2006. Yeates, D.K. 2006. Australasian stiletto flies (Diptera: Therevidae): Divergence time estimates indicate Gondwanan separation, evolutionary radiations with aridification, and

Page 33 of 46 Annual Report: 0334948 recent dispersal. Symposium: Biogeography of Diptera. 6th International Congress of Dipterology, Fukuoka Japan, Sept. 27, 2006. Morita, S.I. 2006. A preliminary phylogeny of the horse flies (Diptera: Tabanidae). Symposium: Workshop: Taxonomy and Systematics. 6th International Congress of Dipterology, Fukuoka Japan, Sept. 28, 2006. Morita, S.I. 2006. Bloodsucking pollinators converge: evidence for local adaptation from the first molecular phylogeny of horse flies (Diptera: Tabanidae). Symposium: Workshop: Taxonomy and Systematics. 6th International Congress of Dipterology, Fukuoka Japan, Sept. 28, 2006. Kim, J. 2006. Multi-gene phylogenetics of flies in the tree of life Symposium Section A Symposium: Assembling the Tree of Life for Insects and Their Relatives: Emerging Results in the Pursuit of Large-scale Phylogenies. Entomological Society of America Annual Meeting, Indianapolis IN, Dec. 11. 2006. Trautwein, M. D. 2006 FlyTree: Pursuing a nuclear gene phylogeny of the Holometabola Section A Symposium: Assembling the Tree of Life for Insects and Their Relatives: Emerging Results in the Pursuit of Large-scale Phylogenies. Entomological Society of America Annual Meeting, Indianapolis IN, Dec. 11. 2006. Wiegmann, B. M. 2007. Flies in the Tree of Life: Mining the Fossil, Anatomical, and Genomic Record. Seminar Speaker, Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, 22 February 2007. Wiegmann, B, M. 2007. Flies in the Tree of Life: Mining the Fossil, Anatomical, and Genomic Record. Seminar Speaker, Biological Sciences, Dartmouth University, Hanover NH, 18 May 2007. Sinclair, B., B.M. Wiegmann and J.M. Cumming. 2007. Evolution and phylogenetic relationships of the Empidoidea (Diptera) based on molecular and morphological evidence. 3rd International Conference on Insect Relationships, Dresden, Germany, September 2007. Wiegmann, B.M., R. Meier, D. A. Barraclough, and B. K. Cassel. 2007. The phylogeny of the Sciomyzoidea (Diptera) 3rd International Conference on Insect Relationships, Dresden, Germany, September 2007. Pape, T. , R. Meier, S. N. Kutty, and K. Szpila 2007. The phylogeny of Calyptratae (Diptera)ö 3rd International Conference on Insect Relationships, Dresden, Germany, September 2007. Wiegmann, B, M. 2007. The Evolution and Diversification of Flies: Genes, Fossils and Genomes. Seminar Speaker, Zoological Museum, University of Zurich-Irchel, Sept 28, 2007. Wiegmann, B, M. 2007. The Evolution and Diversification of Flies: Genes, Fossils and Genomes. Seminar Speaker, Field Museum of Natural History, Dec 5. 2007. Lim, S. G. and R. Meier 2007: ôComparing the phylogenetic signal of characters from different life history stages in endopterygote insectsö. XXVI. Meeting of the Willi Hennig Society, New Orleans, 2007 Meier, R., Zhang, G., Lim, S. G., Hwang, W. S. 2007: More on DNA barcoding and DNA taxonomy: the tale of 50,000 sequences for 14,000 species of Metazoaö. XXVI. Meeting of the Willi Hennig Society, New Orleans, 2007

Page 34 of 46 Annual Report: 0334948 Su, K., and R. Meier 2007: Morphology and Molecules: the evolution and phylogeny of Sepsidaeö XXVI. Meeting of the Willi Hennig Society, New Orleans, 2007 Meier, R. 2007: DNA Barcodes or integrative taxonomy? û Identification success of DNA barcodes in insectsö Joint meeting of the German, Austrian, and Swiss Entomological Societies, Innsbruck. Lambkin, C. L. (2007). Inapplicables and Phylogenetic Analysis In 8th Invertebrate Biodiversity & Conservation ôPacific Prioritiesö & Society of Australian Systematic Biologists Conference, December 3-7 2007, University of Queensland, Brisbane. Lambkin, C. L. and Starick, N. T. (2007). Insects and Fire: An Australian Beach Report In 8th Invertebrate Biodiversity & Conservation ôPacific Prioritiesö & Society of Australian Systematic Biologists Conference, December 3-7 2007, University of Queensland, Brisbane. Lambkin, C. L., Wiegmann, B. M., Cassel, B., Hauser, M. and Yeates, D. K. (2007). Divergence time estimates of Australasian stiletto flies (Diptera: Therevidae) indicate New Caledonian dispersal In 8th Invertebrate Biodiversity & Conservation ôPacific Prioritiesö & Society of Australian Systematic Biologists Conference, December 3-7 2007, University of Queensland, Brisbane. Cameron, S.L., Lambkin, C.L., Wallman, J. & Whiting, M.F. Genomic Approaches to Molecular Diagnostics in Calliphorid Blowflies. Australian Entomological Society's 38th AGM and Scientific Conference, La Trobe University, Beechworth, Victoria 23 û 26 September 2007 Yeates, D.K., Wedmann, S. & Lambkin, C.L. (2007) A Gondwanan Group is Hard to Find: Distinguishing Disjuncts, Relicts and Dispersers on the Southern Continents. Southern Connections, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, January 2007 Courtney, G.W. 2007. Biosystematics of aquatic flies: tales of travel, trees and torrenticoles. Ecology & Evolutionary Biology seminar, Iowa State University. September. Courtney, G. 2008: Biosystematics of Asian net-winged midges: trekking for torrenticolous flies. Biology seminar, Brigham Young University. October 2008. Courtney G. 2008: From Annapurna South to South Carolina: biotic inventory of 'rare' aquatic flies. ôEcolunchö seminar, Brigham Young University. October 2008. Wiegmann, B, M. 2008. Linkages with Biodiversity Mega Projects. AToL PIs Meeting, New Orleans, LA, March 7. 2008. Wiegmann, B, M. 2008. Finding Flytree: Multiple genomic solutions to resolving insect phylogeny. Seminar Speaker, The National Evolutionary Synthesis Center, NESCent, Durham NC., April 11. 2008. Wiegmann, B. M. 2008. Multiple lines of evidence reveal the earliest radiations of true flies (Insecta:Diptera). Symposium Speaker: Ancient rapid radiations in insects: strategies and prospects for resolution. International Congress of Entomology, Durban SA, July 8, 2008. Wiegmann, B. M. 2008. The present and future dipterists: Broadening graduate training in systematic dipterology. Diptera Biosynthesis Meeting, EOL BioSynC, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL Oct 8. 2008. Wiegmann, B, M. 2008. Finding Flytree: Multiple genomic solutions to resolving insect phylogeny. Seminar Speaker, Department of Entomology, NCSU, Oct 27, 2008.

Page 35 of 46 Annual Report: 0334948 Bertone, M.A., G. W. Courtney, R. Meier, and B. M. Wiegmann. 2008. Understanding the evolution of larval Diptera: New insights on fly morphology and biology from FLYTREE. Symposium Speaker, SEB Section Symposium: Immature Stages in Insect Systematics, Entomological Society of America, Annual Meeting, Reno NV, Nov. 16, 2008. Trautwein, M. D., B. M. Wheeler, K. J. Peterson, and B. M. Wiegmann. 2008. Comparative genomics of Diptera: Datamining for phylogenetic resolution of the true flies. Symposium Speaker, SEB Section Symposium: Phylogenomics: Trends and Innovative Techniques, Entomological Society of America, Annual Meeting, Reno NV, Nov. 18, 2008. Wiegmann, B. M. 2008. Trees of Life: Phylogenetics in contemporary entomology. Symposium Speaker, Program Symposium: The Darwinian Metamorphosis of Entomology, Entomological Society of America, Annual Meeting, Reno NV, Nov. 19, 2008. Wiegmann, B, M. 2008. Finding Flytree: Multiple genomic solutions to resolve insect phylogeny. Seminar Speaker, Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, Norway Dec 15, 2008. Other presentations: Lambkin, CL, DK Yeates ME Irwin, and BM Wiegmann 2004. Supertree Analyses with Little Taxon Overlap Joint Meeting of the Society for the Study of Evolution, Society of Systematic Biologists, and American Society of Naturalists at the Colorado State University in Fort Collins, Colorado, USA in June 2004. Kampmeier, G.E. and Irwin, M.E. Meeting the interrelated challenges of specimen, nomenclature, and literature data tracking in Mandala. Electronic poster, International Congress of Entomology 2004, Brisbane, Australia, 15 - 21 August 2004. Kampmeier, G., and M. E. Irwin. Tracking Specimens, Taxonomic Nomenclature, and Literature in Mandala. Electronic poster. Abstract p. 63. PEET V conference ôSpatial and Temporal Issues in Taxonomy,ö Urbana, IL 20-23 Sept. Kampmeier, G.E., N.E. Evenhuis, and M.E. Irwin. 2005. Using Mandala to manage bioinventories. Poster presented at the Annual meeting of the Entomological Society of America, 15-17 December, Ft. Lauderdale, FL. Lambkin, C.L. (presenter), D.K. Yeates, T. Pape, G.W. Courtney, J. Skevington, B. Sinclair, R. Meier, & B.M. Wiegmann. FLYTREE: cooperative research moving towards a dipteran tree of life. Annual meeting of the Australian Entomologial Society; Adelaide, Australia. December 2005. Moulton, J.K. (presenter), G.W. Courtney, & B. Sinclair. New nuclear genes for reconstructing late Mesozoic hexapod difergences. Annual meeting of the Entomologial Society of America; Fort Lauderdale, FL. [presentation by Moulton]. December. Lambkin, C. L., Yeates, D. K., Pape, T., Courtney, G. W., Skevington, J., Sinclair, B. J., Meier, R. and Wiegmann, B. M. FLYTREE: cooperative research moving towards a dipteran tree of life 36th Australian Entomological Society, 7th Invertebrate Biodiversity and Conservation, and Society of Australian Systematic Biologists Combined Conference, Canberra, ACT, AUSTRALIA. December 2005 R. Meier: ôSupertree vs. Supermatrix: Preliminary Analyses Using a 67-Partition, 204-

Page 36 of 46 Annual Report: 0334948 Taxon Primate Datasetö (with Farhan B. Ali*). XXIV. Meeting of the Willi Hennig Society, Fagernes, 2005 (with abstract). R. Meier: ôDNA barcodes and DNA-based taxonomy: How Fuzzy are DNA Barcodes in Sepsidae (Diptera) Flies?ö (with Kwong Shiyang*, Gaurav Girish Vaidya, Peter Ng). XXIV. Meeting of the Willi Hennig Society, Fagernes, 2005 (with abstract). R. Meier: ôEvolution of Acute Vision and Complex Prey Catching Behaviour in Basal Jumping Spiders (Spartaeinae)ö (with Kathy Su*, and Daiqin Li). XXIV. Meeting of the Willi Hennig Society, Fagernes, 2005 (with abstract). R. Meier ôA Comparative Study of Mating Behaviour in Sepsidae (Diptera)ö (with Nalini Puniamoorthy*). XXIV. Meeting of the Willi Hennig Society, Fagernes, 2005 (with abstract). R. Meier: ôThe origin of big brains in Homo sapiensö (with Farhan B Ali*). USP Academic Festival: Workshop on ôSustainabilityö & USP Student Conference. R. Meier: ôThe Phylogeny and evolution of long-legged flies (Diptera: Empidoidea: Dolichopodidae)ö (with Lim Shimin Gwynne*). USP Academic Festival: Workshop on ôSustainabilityö & USP Student Conference. R. Meier: ôMonogamy in the Promiscuous Sepsidae: The unique mating system of Sepsis indicaö (with Ang Yuchen*). USP Academic Festival: Workshop on ôSustainabilityö & USP Student Conference. Hawkins, C.P. (presenter), M. Pfrender, P. Hartzell, P. Larsen, M. Bagley, G. Courtney, B.R. Creutzburg, J.H. Epler, S. Fend, L.C. Ferrington Jr., S. Jackson, A. LÚvesque, J.C. Morse, M. Petersen, A.J. Radwell, D. Ruiter, D. Schindel and M. Whiting. 2007. Use of DNA-Signatures and Micro-Array Analyses for Assessing Freshwater Invertebrate Biodiversity: Current Challenges and Future Promises. North American Benthological Society, Columbia, SC. June Courtney, G.W. & J.K. Moulton. 2008. Phylogenetic relationships of net-winged midges (Diptera: Blephariceridae) inferred from morphological and molecular characters. North American Benthological Society, Salt Lake City, UT. May Wiegmann, B., M. Friedrich, D. K. Yeates, G. Courtney, and R. Meier 2008. The FLYTREE of Life: multiple lines of evidence reveal the earliest radiations of true flies (Insecta: Diptera) SSB Annual Meeting, Minneapolis MN, June 2008. Trautwein, M. D. and B. M Wiegmann 2008. Multiple nuclear genes resolve the phylogeny of the holometabolous insect orders. SSB Annual Meeting, Minneapolis MN, June 2008. Trautwein, M. D., J. Kim, D. Yeates, S. Winterton, and B. M Wiegmann 2008. Phylogenetics of the Holometabola: Who is the sister group to the Diptera?. Seminar Speaker, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL. Oct. 8 2008. Poster Presentations Trautwein, M.D., Wiegmann, B.M. and D.K. Yeates. Phylogeny of the Bee Flies (Diptera: Bombyliidae).International Congress of Entomology 2004, Brisbane, Australia, 15 - 21 August 2004. Wiegmann, B. M. Meier,R., Yeates, D.K., Courtney, G.W., Friedrich, M.F., Kampmeier, G. , and F.C.Thompson. FLYTREE (ATOL Diptera) Cooperative research in phylogenetics and bioinformatics of true flies. NSF ATOL PIs

Page 37 of 46 Annual Report: 0334948 Meeting, Arlington VA. November, 2004. Bertone, M. and B. M. Wiegmann. Molecular Phylogeny of the Nematocerous Diptera: The Earliest Diversification of Flies. Entomological Society of America, Southeastern Branch Meeting, Tunica, Mississippi. March 2005. Jason Caravas, Suchitra Balasubramanian, Mitchell Walker, Robert Hanrahan, Mithun Neral, Vipin Chaudhary and Markus Friedrich: Towards a mitochondrial genome phylogeny of schizophoran flies. Poster presentation at 2005 IGERT program meeting, Washington DC. R. Meier: ôThe Phylogenetic Relationships and Natural History Evolution of Scathophagidae (Diptera)ö (with Sujatha Kutty*, and M. Bernasconi). Poster, XXIV. Meeting of the Willi Hennig Society, Fagernes, 2005 (with abstract). R. Meier ôAdult versus Larval Characters in Endopterygota: A Comparative Assessment of Tree Support and Homoplasyö (with Gwynne Shimin Lim*). Poster, XXIV. Meeting of the Willi Hennig Society, Fagernes, 2005 (with abstract). R. Meier: ôThe Phylogenetic Relationships and Evolution of Direct Development in Macrobrachium (Crustacea).ö (with Victor Muthu*, Daisy Wowor, Cai Yixiong, and Peter K.L Ng). Poster, XXIV. Meeting of the Willi Hennig Society, Fagernes, 2005 (with abstract). R. Meier: ôSex, Flies, and Video Tapes: the Evolution of Mating Behaviour in Sepsidae.ö (with N. Puniamoorthy, and K. Su*). Abstracts of the 10. Biological Sciences Graduate Congress, Singapore. R. Meier: ôInvestigating the Evolution of Cave Adaptations in Three Families of Freshwater Crabs if South-East Asiaö (with P. Dang and D. Yeo*). Abstracts of the 10. Biological Sciences Graduate Congress, Singapore. R. Meier: ôHow Well Do Supertree Methods Estimate a Supermatrix Tree?.ö (with F. Bin Ali*). Abstracts of the 10. Biological Sciences Graduate Congress, Singapore. R. Meier: ôPhylogeny and Sexual Selection in Long-legged Flies (Insecta, Diptera, Dolichopodidae).ö (with Hwang, W. S., Lim S. G., Grootaert, P.*). Abstracts of the 10. Biological Sciences Graduate Congress, Singapore. R. Meier: ôMolecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Larval Feeding Habits in the Family Scathophagidae (Diptera)ö (with S. Kutty,* and M. Bernasconi). Abstracts of the 10. Biological Sciences Graduate Congress, Singapore. Bertone, M. A. and Wiegmann, B. 2008. Historical diversification of the earliest true flies (Insecta: Diptera): Based on molecular divergence time estimates. Entomological Society of America, South Eastern Branch Meeting, Jacksonville FL, March 2008. Wiegmann, B. Courtney, G., Yeates, D., Meier, M, Friedrich, M. and Kampmeier, G. 2008. FLYTREE: (AToL Diptera) Cooperative Research in Phylogenetics and Bioinformatics of True Flies. AToL PIs Meeting, New Orleans LA, March 2008. Professional Meetings Attended Lambkin C.L. Joint Meeting of the Society for the Study of Evolution, Society of Systematic Biologists, and American Society of Naturalists at the Colorado State University in Fort Collins, Colorado, USA in June 2004 PEET V meeting, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 20-23

Page 38 of 46 Annual Report: 0334948 September 2004. Irwin, Yeates, Wiegmann, Kampmeier, Thompson. Yeates, Wiegmann, Courtney, Meier, Thompson, Kampmeier, Irwin, Trautwein, Bertone, Petersen, Kutty, Winterton, Skevington, Pape. International Congress of Entomology 2004, Brisbane, Australia, 15 - 21 August 2004. Wiegmann, B. M., Meier, R, Kampmeier, G.E., Courtney, G. W., Thompson, F.C. Trautwein, M., Annual Meeting of the Entomological Society of America, Salt Lake City, UT, November 2004. Wiegmann, B.M., Kampmeier, G. E. Insect Collection Network, Annual meeting, Salt Lake City, UT November 2004. Kampmeier, G.E. Invited conference of the 22 awardees of NSF Assembling the Tree of Life grants (2001-2004) on databasing and data management, Arlington, VA, November 2004. Gail Kampmeier and Mike Irwin participated in post-congress (ICE) meetings at Tangalooma (Moreton Island, Australia) 22-26 August 2004 for the NSF FLYTREE grant. FileMaker Pro Developer's Conference, Phoenix, AZ 28-31 August 2005. GBIF experts workshop on ' Identifying the Impediments to Databasing Entomological Collections,' Columbus, OH, 24-25 February 2005. North Central Branch, Entomological Society of America meeting, Bloomington, IL 26-29 March 2006 Wiegmann attended the ECN (Entomological Collections Network) annual meeting, Ft Lauderdale, 14-15 Dec. 2005. Wiegmann, Kampmeier, Bertone and Trautwein attended the Entomological Society of America annual meeting, Ft. Lauderdale, FL, 15-18 December 2005. Kampmeier attended the NCBI Field Guide to Genbank and Related databases, including Blast, 22 September 2005 at University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Wiegmann, Kampmeier, Courtney and Yeates attended the joint meeting of AToL and PBI PIs at Duke University, 10-12 March 2006. Courtney attended the North American Benthological Society, Anchorage, AK. June 2006 Courtney & Petersen attended a Freshwater Invertebrate DNA-Signature Workshop, Utah State University, Logan, UT. November 2006. Courtney, Petersen & Davis attended the World Association of Agricultural Councils, Ames, IA. March 2007. Courtney attended the national meeting of Minorities in Agriculture, Nat. Resources, & Related Sciences (MANRRS), Birmingham, AL. 27 March û 1 April 2007. Kathy Su, Gwynne Lim, Rudolf Meier attended the XXIV. meeting of the Willi Hennig Society in Fagernes. Kathy Su, Sujatha Kutty, Gwynne Lim, Wei Song Hwang, and Rudolf Meier attended the 10.

Page 39 of 46 Annual Report: 0334948 Biological Sciences Graduate Congress in Singapore. Rudolf Meier attended the Biennial Meeting of the Systematics Association in Cardiff. Wiegmann attended the Fossil and Molecular Estimates of Divergence Times for the Tree of Life: Database and Synthesis working group meeting at NESCENT, Sept 6-10 2006. Wiegmann, Meier, Yeates, Courtney, Caravas, Bertone, Sinclair, Pape, Cumming, Thompson, Borkent, Amorim, Kim, Morita, Lim, Hwang, Su, Kutty, Ang, and Peterson attended the6th International Congress of Dipterology, Fukuoka Japan Sept. 2006. Wiegmann, Pape, and Sinclair attended the 3rd International Meeting on Insect Relationships, Dresden Sept. 2007. Wiegmann attended Processing PhylOData (pPOD): Core Database Technologies to Enable the Integration of AToL Information working group meeting at NEScent, Sept. 10 2007. Wiegmann attended EOG Tree-Thinking working group meeting at NEScent, Oct. 18 2007. Su, Lim, and Meier attended annual meeting of the Willi Hennig Society in New Orleans. Wiegmann attended the 2007 NABT meetings in Atlanta GA, Dec 2007. Wiegmann, Kampmeier, Morita, Bertone, Trautwein, Bayless attended the Entomological Society of America Annual Meeting, San Diego, CA , Dec 2007. Kampmeier attended the FileMaker Developer's Conference in Orlando, FL 5-8 August 2007. She primarily attended the session track that concentrated on sharing databases via the web, focusing on FileMaker's new API for PHP. She learned about FileMaker 9, which had been released the month before, and met and talked with numerous developers and experts, bringing the expertise back to on-going research projects. Wiegmann, Trautwein, Winkler and Morita attended the SSE/SSB/American Naturalists annual meeting in Minneapolis MN June 2008 Wiegmann, Bayless, and Morita attended the International Congress of Entomology, Durban SA, July 6-12, 2008. Wiegmann attended the 2008 NABT meetings in Memphis TN, Oct 15-18, 2008. Wiegmann, Kampmeier, Morita, Bertone, Trautwein, Bayless attended the Entomological Society of America Annual Meeting, Reno NV , Nov 2008. Grants funded: Terrestrial Arthropod Survey of Fiji. Subcontract to M.E. Irwin and G.E. Kampmeier from Bishop Museum for National Science Foundation Biodiversity Surveys and Inventories program. 8/2004-7/2007. $68,843, funded. Beta-testing the new ABRS web-interface with Faunal Treatment for the Australian Stiletto Flies (Diptera: Therevidae) Contract to C. L. Lambkin from Australian Biological Resources Study. 7/2006-4/2007. $11,000 AUD, funded. A project to prepare Australian Faunal Directory Checklists for the Australian Therevidae (stiletto flies) and thus beta-test the programmes developed in the last year by ABRS to smooth the web interface for dissemination of AFD information.

Page 40 of 46 Annual Report: 0334948 R. Meier: 2005-2008: Faculty Research Grant: Species identification in the 21st century: Testing molecular taxonomy based on phylogeographical studies of Sepsidae (Diptera). (108.000 SGD) R. Meier: 2005-2010: Academic Research Fund: Co-PI Genetic diversity and patterns of speciation in selected tropical SE Asian taxa: Using molecular tools to identify conservation priorities in a region undergoing catastrophic extinctions (678.911 SGD, PI: N. Sodhi, Co- PIs: Peter Ng, Rudolf Meier) Wiegmann, B., S. Morita, D. Yeates, G. Kampmeier 2007-2012: NSF PEET Taxonomic, Phylogenetic, and Evolutionary Studies of Horse flies (Diptera:Tabanidae): An Integrated Approach to Systematics Training. $750,000. Wiegmann, B. M., K. P. Collins, J. Cumming, C. Daugeron. Sexual Characters and Diversification in Empidine Dance Flies (Diptera: Empididae: Empidinae). NSF Systematics. 3 years, $480.000. Courtney. Insect Survey of Aquatic Habitats in Iowa. Iowa Department of Natural Resources. $2500. Courtney. Insect Survey of Iowa State Preserves. Iowa Department of Natural Resources. $2150. R. Meier: 2009-2011: Faculty Research Grant: Sexual Selection and Environmental Genotyping: An Undergraduate Research Initiative at USP. SGD 80,500. Proposals Submitted: Evolution, Structure, and Function of bHLH-PAS Proteins. Atchley, W. R., Estes, P., Rose, B. and Wiegmann, B. National Institutes of Health, 12/2005- 11/2010 $1.25M, unsuccessful. Microsporidia PEET Project. L.F. Solter, J.J. Becnel, D.G. Boucias, PIs National Science Foundation Partnerships for Enhancing Expertise in Taxonomy. 5 years. unsuccessful. Kampmeier, G. 2007. Terrestrial Arthropod Survey of Fiji - Phase Two. Subcontract from Bernice P. Bishop Museum for NSF Proposal to Biodiversity Surveys and Inventories program. $90,152. 3 yrs. Unsuccessful. Kampmeier, G. 2008. Terrestrial Arthropod Survey of Fiji - Phase Two. Subcontract from Bernice P. Bishop Museum for NSF Proposal to Biodiversity Surveys and Inventories program. $90,152. 3 yrs. Unsuccessful. Courtney, Principal Investigator. Biodiversity of aquatic flies (Diptera) of Madagascar, with emphasis on net-winged midges (Blephariceridae) and crane flies (Tipuloidea). National Geographic Society. $28,940. unsuccessful Courtney, Principal Investigator. Biodiversity of aquatic flies (Diptera) of Madagascar, with emphasis on net-winged midges (Blephariceridae) and crane flies (Tipuloidea). Conservation International. $35,000. unsuccessful Courtney, Principal Investigator. Systematic investigation of the Tipuoidea (Diptera). National Science Foundation (Dissertation Improvement Grant for M. Petersen). $10,375. unsuccessful PBI: Crossing the Finish Line: Therevidae of the World (Insecta: Diptera) Gaimari, S.D.,

Page 41 of 46 Annual Report: 0334948 Winterton, S.L. and Lambkin, C.L. NSF Program: Biodiversity Surveys and Inventories. 5 years. Unsuccessful. Phylogenetic Relationships of Primates: Resolving the Position of Key SE Asian Species and Phylogeography of Tarsius and Orangutan in Borneo. To Academic Research Fund, Singapore, pending. Wiegmann, B. M., as Co-Pi with A. R. Deans. 2008. The NC State University Insect Museum: Safeguarding and developing a community resource. NSF: DBI Biological Research Collections, $253,123, pending. Wiegmann, B. M, as Co-PI with K. Smith. 2008. The National Evolutionary Synthesis Center, NSF, $1,541,628, pending. Wiegmann, B. M. as Co-PI with J. Scotchmoor. 2008. Extending and enhancing Understanding Evolution for the undergraduate community. NSF CCLI phase II, $28,740, pending. Courtney, Co-Principal Investigator (w/ J.K. Moulton). A Comparative Phylogenetic Approach to the Diversification of World Blephariceridae (Insecta: Diptera). National Science Foundation (Systematic Biology). 2008-2011. $698,389 [ISU subcontract $396,235]. unsuccessful. Courtney, Principal Investigator. Operationally delimiting species for a phylogeographic analysis of montane wet meadow crane flies (Diptera: Tipuloidae). National Science Foundation (Dissertation Improvement Grant for J. Davis-Petersen). $7,007. pending. Professional Service Wiegmann was Charman, Section A (Systematics) of the Entomological Society of America (2005). Kampmeier serves (2004-2006) on the Governing Board of the Entomological Society of America representing Section C (Biology, Ecology, & Behavior). She was elected to one of two at large positions on the GBÆs Executive Committee for 2006. She was liaison to the Membership Committee (2004-2005), which saw the second year in a row of rising membership and is on track for a third year in 2006, and is currently liaison to the Publications Council (2006). She was nominated for another term on the GB by the members of Section C (election in the summer of 2006). She was a subject editor for arthropods in relation to plant disease, for the Journal of Economic Entomology for 3.5 years, ending in August 2005. During her tenure, there was a significant increase in the number of papers submitted to the journal in this category. She served on the Local Arrangements Committee for the 2006 North Central Branch meetings held in Bloomington, IL 26-29 March, coordinating the audiovisual aspects of the meeting. Kampmeier has been elected annually by her colleagues on the ESA Governing Board to serve on the Executive Committee of the ESA GB as one of two At Large members (2006- 2009). She also remains the GB liaison to the Membership Committee, which encourages the recruitment and retention of members in the Society, including the active involvement of students and young professionals. She served as the 2008 GB Nominations Committee to recruit new volunteers into the committees, boards, and awards judging panels for the Society. In 2008 she was coordinator for the Women in Entomology network, which brought together over 60 people at a breakfast at the Annual Meeting of the ESA in Reno. This event encouraged the sponsorship of students and young professionals by more established entomologists, creating networking threads that could continue into the future.

Page 42 of 46 Annual Report: 0334948 In 2007, Kampmeier co-edited (with Arturo Ari±o, University of Navarra, Spain) the abstracts for the posters and computer demonstrations for the annual meeting in Bratislava, Slovakia. The abstracts were published in the Proceedings of TDWG 2007 http://www.tdwg.org/proceedings/issue/view/ISBN%20978-1-930723-71-9. She was asked to be on the Program Committee for 2008, and continued her role as co-editor, this year with twice as many presentations to review. She also organized a symposium to highlight the needs of small data providers: ôFrom Small to Big: How to Capitalize on Small Contributions to the Big Dreams of Sharing Biodiversity Information.ö During the 2008 meeting she was elected as the North American representative to the TDWG Executive. She hopes to have an impact on increasing involvement by entomologists in particular, as well as recruiting mentors for other taxonomic groups in the standards-setting activities of TDWG. Kampmeier was invited to participate on the NSF grant review panel on Biological Research Collections 26-28 October 2005. Kampmeier was elected through TDWG (Taxonomic Databases Working Group) to the GBIF DIGIT (Digitisation of Natural History Collections) Science Subcommittee for a 2-year term, March 2006. Kampmeier also serves on two Illinois Natural History Survey committees: she is a member of the WebTeam representing the Center for Ecological Entomology, and is chair the Information Technology Committee. Wiegmann is Associate Director for Education and Outreach, National Evolutionary Synthesis Center (NESCENT) Nov 2007 - present. Wiegmann is Executive Director of the NCSU CALS Genomic Sciences Laboratory, North Carolina State University. Wiegmann was invited to serve as a panelist on the NSF DEB Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Panel, February 2008. Wiegmann is a member of the Editorial Board for Arthropod Systematics and Phylogeny. Wiegmann is a member of the Understanding Evolution Advisory Board. Courtney was elected Chair of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology Interdepartmental Graduate Program beginning in July 2006. Courtney continued as Chair of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology Interdepartmental Graduate Program. Courtney served as a panelist on the NSF Graduate Research Fellowship Program. 2008. Courtney was reappointed as a research Associate of the Smithsonian Institution. 2008. Meier is Vice President of the Will Hennig Society. Lambkin is Junior Vice President of the Queensland Entomological Society and Councillor of the Society of Australasian Systematic Biologists for 2008 Friedrich joined editorial boards of ôArthropod Structure and Developmentö and ôThe Open Zoology Journalö

Page 43 of 46 Annual Report: 0334948 Awards: Project graduate student Michelle Trautwein won the President's Prize for Section A student oral paper presentation at the Entomological Society of America Meeting, Ft. Lauderdale FL, Dec. 2005. Project graduate student Michelle Trautwein received an NCSU GAANN Biotechnology Fellowship for 2006 and 2007. Project graduate student Matthew Bertone won the Outstanding Student Display Presentation Award (Ph.D. student category), Meeting of the Southeastern Branch Entomological Society of America, Knoxville, TN, March 2007. Project graduate student Matthew Bertone won the Outstanding PhD Graduate Student award for 2007 from the North Carolina Entomological Society. Project graduate student Matthew Petersen received funding from a Discover Life in America Research Grant to support travel to and collecting in the Appalachian Mountains. 2005. Project graduate student Matthew Petersen received funding from Global Funding for Graduate Students and Postdocs (Iowa State University), a Henry & Sylvia Richardson Research Incentive Grant (Iowa State University) and the Samuel Wendell Williston Diptera Research Fund to support travel to and collecting in Madagascar. 2005-2006. Project graduate student Kathy Su won the 2nd price for student presentations at the annual conference of the Willi Hennig Society in New Orleans. In 2006, Kampmeier received a Certificate and Service Award pin for exceptional service on the Entomological Society's Committee for Strategic Planning (2000-2005). She also received a Certificate from the Entomological Society of America for outstanding service as Subject Editor for the Journal of Economic Entomology from 2002-2005. Project graduate student Matthew Bertone won the Outstanding Student Display Presentation Award (Ph.D. student category), Meeting of the Southeastern Branch Entomological Society of America, Jacksonville, FL, March 2008. Project graduate student Jessica Davis-Petersen received a Society of Systematic Biology Graduate Student Research Award. 2008. Project graduate student Matthew Petersen received a Graduate and Professional Student Senate (GPSS) Peer Research Award. 2008. Yeates won the Mackerras Medal of the Australian Entomology for 2008.

Contributions to Other Disciplines:

Contributions to Human Resource Development: D.K. Yeates co-organised and taught an undergraduate course in Entomology at the Australian National University (BIOL 3115). Lambkin is co-supervising an Honours student, David Carlisle, at the Australian National University, enrolled July 2004 to May 2005. Two papers

Page 44 of 46 Annual Report: 0334948 on the spatial and temporal emergence patterns of therevid larvae and the phylogenetic signal from the male genitalia in Australian Therevidae (with the description of a new genus of Therevidae) are planned from this work. Gail Kampmeier created step-by-step tutorials in PowerPoint for novice data entry personnel using Mandala for the Busey Woods Biodiversity Blitz. One tutorial focused on entry of specimens and observations; the other on the creation of new taxonomic names. Lambkin, John La Salle, Scheffer and Yeates supervised an undergraduate student, Chris Manchester, and a graduate student, Sarah Fayed, in capture, rearing, and species recognition of leaf mining flies (Diptera: Agromyzidae),their hosts and hymenopteran parasitoids at CSIRO Entomology, by, as part of a three month CSIRO Summer studentship from Dec 2005 to Feb 2006. A paper is in preparation presenting the results. R. Meier teaches 'Evolution' and 'Evolution and Comparative Genomics' modules at the National University of Singapore. R. Meier supervised several undergraduate student research projects and three Honours theses. Wiegmann supervised two summer undergraduate research students. Wiegmann co-organized and promoted the SSE Undergraduate Diversity scholarship program with Scott Edwards (Harvard), Richard Kliman (Cedar Crest College), and Jory Weintraub (NESCent).

Contributions to Resources for Research and Education: Wiegmann provided a video lecture featuring FLY phylogeny research on the teaching CD- ROM entitled: MACROEVOLUTION: Evolution Above the Species Level. This CD-ROM was distributed as part of a Symposium organized by NESCENT at the 2006 National Association of Biology Teachers (NABT) meetings in Albuquerque NM. Wiegmann co-organized development of teaching resources, a symposium, and teaching workshop at the NABT annual meetings in Atlanta GA (Dec. 2007) and Memphis TN (Oct 2008). Wiegmann is a member of the Understanding Evolution Advisory Board; http://evolution.berkeley.edu/ Wiegmann partipates in NESCent sponsored working groups in Evolutionary Biology Education: 1) TREE: Tree Thinking in Evolutionary Education; 2) EVAC: Evolution Across the Curriculum; 3) SELECTION: Synergistic Evolutionary Learning Consortium: Evolution in Action. R. Meier is investigating the efficacy of new approaches in undergraduate research training: He has presented his results, ôUndergraduate Research' an oxymoron? Can undergraduates do research? Center for the Development of Teaching and Learning, National University of Singapore, and has submitted a publication on the topic. R. Meier is discussing the problems with teaching evolution at the National University of Singapore in a recent publication entitled ôTeaching the Controversyö (published in CDTLink, 12: 4,14).

Page 45 of 46 Annual Report: 0334948 Lambkin, in collaboration with Queensland Education staff based at the Queensland Museum, Christine Milne and Allan Morrison, has developed a project æBackyard ExplorerÆ. This program involves a set of activity sheets for upper primary and lower secondary students to aid teachers in completing a survey of their schoolyards, incorporates a look at the habitat, vegetation, vertebrates, and invertebrates. The sheets have been added to the Queensland Museum Education Resources Wild Backyards website at http://www.qm.qld.gov.au/ . During National Science Week 2008 (16 - 24 August) students visited the secure Virtual Field Trip, Queensland Education Learning Place website to communicate with Lambkin and Mark Schutze and Kieran Aland (Queensland Museum Inquiry Centre) on the public floor at the Queensland Museum about their findings. Digital stories, photographs, and results from the different schools can be posted on the website so students will be able to appreciate environments other than their own. We have 7 schools involved across the state: Crows Nest SS, Nerang SHS, Charleville Distance Education, Roma SHS (2 classes), Babinda SS (2 classes), Eromanga SS and in Brisbane, Albany Creek (4 classes) SHS and Ferny Grove SHS (5 classes). Lambkin Morrison and Milne visited Ferny Grove State High in August 2008 and spoke to over 100 Grade 8 students taking part in the project. Lambkin and Noel Starick visited schools at Bollon, Cunnamulla, Quilpie, and Eromanga in October to discuss the Backyard Explorer project with students and teachers. Lambkin showed the students various invertebrate collection techniques and spoke about insect identification and invertebrate biodiversity of Brisbane, and provided some live specimens for added interest. Jack Hasenpusch (Australian Insect Farm INNISFAIL) visited Babinda SHS to start the project there, and a story about the project appeared in the Innisfail Advocate newpaper. Similarly the project in Eromanga SS was reported in the Eromanga Extra. Lambkin spoke to teachers in Toowoomba in October, and to teachers and students in Morayfield in November.

Contributions Beyond Science and Engineering:

Special Requirements

Special reporting requirements: None Change in Objectives or Scope: None Animal, Human Subjects, Biohazards: None

Categories for which nothing is reported: Contributions: To Any Other Disciplines Contributions: To Any Beyond Science and Engineering

Page 46 of 46 Research and Education Activities: Diptera ATOL (FLYTREE)

2008 Lambkin continues to work on the amalgamation and dissemination of the morphological data matrix for the first tier taxa. The character list assembled covers all families, thus providing an invaluable resource for any dipteran morphological studies. Following the Coweeta FLYTREE workshop in late November 2007 the updated morphological character list tracking all changes and their history was 99 pages long, with removal of discarded characters. The revised list and matrix from the workshop were disseminated on the 20th Nov 2007. As morphologists attempted scoring questions arose concerning interpretations of characters and states. These were disseminated widely, culminating in an Excel spreadsheet begun by Brad Sinclair joining the tools for easier contributions to discussion on 29th January. The Excel file updated since by Lambkin, discussed 116 characters as of 8 Feb 2008. As of 27th November 2008, only one question remains to be discussed. All morphologists scored the matrix by early April 2008. Since that time Lambkin has concentrated on inconsistencies in scoring, and detecting errors, resulting in matrix and questions sent to all morphologists asking specific questions to each morphologist on 4 August 2008, 2 September 2008, 4 September 2008, 17 November 2008, culminating with a matrix and list of 370 morphological characters on the 27 November 2008. The updated character list tracking all changes and their history is currently 113 pages long. A condensed list of the 370 characters and states prepared by Lambkin is 12 pages long, and ready for web distribution.

Preliminary analyses of the morphological data produce 8 most parsimonious trees of L1099 in November 2008. Partitioned Bremer support values for the morphologically based trees are being calculated for 6 morphological and life stage partitions; larvae, pupae, external non-wing characters, wing characters, male genitalia, female genitalia. The major groups of Brachycera (Bremer support (BS) =15), Muscomorpha (BS=2), Eremoneura (BS=3), Cyclorrhapha (BS=20), Schizophora (BS=7), and Calyptratae (BS=11) are recovered. As expected the lower diptera, aschiza, and acalyptratae are not monophyletic.

Another 107 high-resolution images have been deposited into Morphbank. 40 Family Acroceridae and Bombyliidae images prepared by Geoff Thompson QM and Lambkin were uploaded to MorphBank by Gail Kampmeier and Katja Seltmann in November 2007 in time for the Coweeta FLYTREE workshop. 67 Family Tabanidae, Xylophagidae and Stratiomyidae images prepared by Geoff Thompson and Lambkin were uploaded by Gail Kampmeier and Katja Seltmann in December 2007. 12 new Images have been prepared using automontage or macro-photography by Geoff Thompson, Queensland Museum, Brisbane, for the Lower Brachyceran First Tier taxa.

Stratiomyidae Bombyliidae Acroceridae

PIs and major contributors (Wiegmann, Yeates, Meier, Courtney, Friedrich, Pape, Skevington, Thompson, Kampmeier, Lambkin, Sinclair, Caravas, Bertone, Trautwein, Morita, Bayless) met for a FLYTREE workshop: “Integrating FLYTREE Data toward Achieving FLYTREE Products” held at Coweeta Hydrologic Lab, Otto NC Nov 16-19 2007. Morphological data set completion, combining molecular and morphological datasets, integrating web products, capture and dissemination of data and future goals were discussed. Taxa for first and second tier phylogenetic projects have been gathered from multiple sources. The 45-taxon first tier taxon set is assembled and is being distributed among collaborators. Specimens of immature life stages are being accumulated by collaborators and distributed. The morphological character list and matrix for the AToL project: FLYTREE continues to be upgraded at the Queensland Museum, Brisbane, Australia under the direction of Christine Lambkin. 32 characters have been added to the character list and matrix to describe inapplicable states. The morphological character list and matrix now contain 399 characters, fully described and referenced with 63 references in the Bibliography. Confusion with interpretation of 49 characters has been identified and highlighted. 28 additional characters have been scored for Lower Brachycera. The character list and matrix have been disseminated after upgrading of the immature characters and again after the upgrading of the adult characters For the Lower Brachycera 111 Images have been professionally edited to publication standard, 21 new Images have been prepared using automontage or macro-photography, 15 scanned Images have been accessed from photographs, SEMs, or slides by Geoff Thompson, Queensland Museum, Brisbane, for the Lower Brachyceran First Tier taxa. The 147 images are being prepared for deposition in MorphBank.

Images: New Scanned Edited

Postdoctoral associate Winkler, project graduate student Sujatha Kutty, collaborator Jeffrey Skevington, and laboratory technician, Brian Cassel have completed data collection from 5 genes for 204 2nd Tier taxa. Final data editing, alignment. Compilation and analyses are underway for 2nd tier phylogenetic reconstruction. Genes that are currently included in the 2nd tier study are: 28S rDNA, CAD, PGD, TPI and AATS. Project personnel in the Wiegmann lab have completed data collection from 14 nuclear genes for first tier taxa. Sequencing is complete for all 45 taxa for the nuclear genes. The full gene by taxon matrix is 96% complete. Genes that are currently included in the first tier analysis are: CAD, GART, 28SrDNA, 18SrDNA, SIA, SNF, PER, PGD, AATS, PUG, TPI, STX, G6PD, PEPCK. Primers have been designed and synthesized to amplify these genes. Phylogenetic analyses of the first tier nuclear gene dataset have been performed using parsimony, maximum likelihood and Bayesian methods. These analyses show strong bootstrap and posterior probability support for monophyly of the Diptera, lower dipteran infraorders, Brachycera, Eremoneura, Cyclorrhapha and Calyptratae.

Members of the Wiegmann lab have completed data collection for a diverse sample of Holometabola insect orders designed to test the placement of Diptera and identify its sister-group. Six nuclear genes were sequenced for 30 holometabolan taxa. Phylogenetic analyses have been conducted using parsimony, maximum likelihood and Bayesian methods. These analyses show high bootstrap and posterior probability support for monophyly of the Holometabola, each of the endopterygote orders, a basal position for the Hymenoptera and a sister group relationship for Diptera and Mecoptera + Siphonaptera. Bayesian divergence time estimation confirms near- contemporaneous origins for the major insect orders between 240-200 mya. A book chapter is in press and a manuscript will be submitted to PLOS in early 2009.

Divergence times analyses using Multidivtime and Beast were carried out on Holometabola and 1st and 2nd tier datasets.

Graduate student Michelle Trautwein is sequencing CAD and 28S rDNA for relationships of Bombyliidae and lower Brachycera/Asiloidea. Phylogenetic analyses support monophyly of the Asiloidea, exclusive of Bombyiidae and monophyly of the constituent families. Bombyliid placement was assessed using quartet puzzling showing that the data do not strongly support any one of the possible placements for Bombyliidae wrt Asiloidea and Eremoneura.

Graduate student Matthew completed data analyses for full-length 28S rDNA , and gene fragments of CAD and PGD for 75+ species of lower Diptera (Nematocera). Phylogenetic analyses have been conducted for lower Diptera and lower Brachycera for meeting presentations and to assess phylogenetic utility of sampled genes. Secondary structure inference was used to explore alignment ambiguity. Phylogenetic analysis was performed for combined molecular and combined molecular + morphological data sets. Divergence times were estimated for lower dipteran clades using BEAST and MULTIDIVTIME software.

Manuscripts are in preparation or submitted for lower Diptera, Tier 1, Asiloidea, Tier 2, and Holometabola.

Lab technician Brian Cassel sequenced 28S rDNA, CAD, 16S rDNA and COI for 15 species of Sciomyzoidea. Parsimony and bayesian analyses support monophyly for Sciomyzoidea, but include the Lauxaniidae in the superfamily. Family-level interrelationships are poorly supported in combined data analyses.

Bayesian phylogenetic analysis of protein encoding genes, SIA, SNF, PER, GART, PGD and TANGO were conducted to assess phylogenetic signal.

A Bayesian mulitiple sequence alignment methodology was used to assess alignment ambiguity for each protein encoding gene with collaborator Benjamin Reddlings (NCSU).

Wiegmann visited Sinclair, Cumming, and Skevington at CNC (Ottawa) 5/2007 to conduct combined data analyses for Empidoidea and Eremoneura. Specimens of Empidoidea were sorted and identified. Comparative analysis of microRNA libraries was carried out for phylogenetic assessment across Diptera. Total small RNA was extracted for Episyrphus balteatus (Syrphidae) andMegaselia abdita (Phoridae). Sequencing by GS FLX (454) was completed for five species of flies. Data were analyzed in collaboration with NCSU graduate student, Ben Wheeler, NCSU Bioinformatics Faculty member, Stefan Heber and Kevin Peterson (Dartmouth). Kampmeier worked with John Pickering (U. Georgia at Athens) of DiscoverLife.org to to map the taxa and specimens of the fly family Therevidae http://www.discoverlife.org/mp/20q?search=Therevidae, which were recorded during the National Science Foundation PEET (Partnerships for Enhancing Expertise in Taxonomy) grants (DEB-95-21925, 1995-2000; DEB-99-77958, 2000-2006). This work was used as a springboard to promote collaboration between GBIF (Global Biodiversity Information Facility) and Discover Life, and to encourage the rescue of datasets without strong IT support and those in danger of being lost as funding and other priorities change.

A formal memorandum of understanding was reached between DiscoverLife and GBIF in February 2008 http://www.gbif.org/News/NEWS1203948162 and the Therevid PEET Project was the inaugural dataset to make its way to GBIF via DiscoverLife in October 2008. DiscoverLife is also now mapping GBIF data with its tools, which allow greater flexibility to look across datasets.

Kampmeier’s efforts to gain recognition by global efforts such as GBIF of the needs of small providers are also reflected in the integrated toolbox under development by GBIF, which will debut in early 2009. GBIF’s Tim Robertson presented an outline of these tools at the Biodiversity Information Standards (TDWG) meetings in Fremantle, Australia in October 2008 in a symposium organized by Kampmeier, “From Small to Big: How to Capitalize on Small Contributions to the Big Dreams of Sharing Biodiversity Information” (presentations from Session 2 available http://www.tdwg.org/conference2008/program/)

Collaborating scientists, Jeffrey Skevington (CNC, Ottawa) and Sonja Scheffer (USDA, ARS, SEL) are generating molecular data sets based on multiple gene regions for basal Aschiza and Cyclorrhapha (Skevington) and Agromyzidae/Opomyzoidea (Scheffer).

Co-PI Courtney, postdoctoral associate Blagoderov, and students compiled a morphological matrix and accompanying set of images (light and SEM micrographs) for lower Diptera, especially 1st tier and other taxa.

Graduate student Matthew Petersen gathered exemplars of major Tipuloid genera and, through collaboration with NCSU student Matthew Bertone, has scored adult morphological and molecular characters for collected taxa.

Co-PI Meier and students at NUS are compiling the following project data sets: Calyptrates: The Calyptrates are with approximately 20.000 described species a major lineage of Diptera. Prior to FlyTree, comparatively little data addressing the higher-level relationships was available. In close collaboration with T. Pape, PhD student Sujatha Kutty assemebled a a data set for 10 genes (12s, 16s, 28S, COI, Cytb, Ef1a, Cad4, 18S, ND2) that were sequenced for approximately 300 species.. Family- and superfamily-level analyses have been carried out that include almost all families and most subfamilies of Calyptratae. The PhD thesis is currently under evaluation. Three chapters are published (Scathophagidae: in Cladistics; Hippoboscoidea: in Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution; Muscoidea: in Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution).

Muscoidea: Results of multigene molecular data analyses were published in Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. We document that the Muscoidea are paraphyletic and resolve the family-level relationships.

Calyptratae: The full data set for the calyptrate flies has been analyzed and awaits submission. We plan the submission for mid-January. We are currently waiting for the Bayesian analyses to complete and would like to publish the analysis in conjunction with a second paper describing a new family of calliphorid flies. The status as a new family is suggested by the results of the phylogenetic analysis.

Hippoboscoidea: Results of multigene molecular data analyses were published in Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. Results confirm the monophyly of Hippoboscoidea, a sister group relationship between Glossinidae and Pupipara, and paraphyly of the Streblidae. The results are published in Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution.

Scathophagidae: A data set with 67 of the approximately 200 species from 22 genera was generated and analyzed using DNA sequences from 12S, COI, CytB, 28S, 16S, Ef1a, and RNA Polymerase subunit II. The results are published in Cladistics.

Sepsidae: Data set extended from 44 species to 71 species. Increase in gene coverage from 5 genes (COI, COII, 12S, 16S, Ef1a, 28S) to 10 (additional genes: CytB, Histone 3, AATS, 18S). The Manuscript is now published in Cladistics. The data and relationship hypotheses have been used in several subsequent papers:

(1) Puniamoorthy et al. reconstructed the evolution of sexual dimorphisms in Sepsidae. We were able to show based on character mapping that behavior and morphological evolution of sexual dimorphisms are strictly correlated for sepsid forelegs (published in BMC Evolutionary Biology). The study was recommended by the Faculty of 1000 (Biology) and included a new species that was described in a paper published in Systematic Entomology. (2) The sepsid phylogeny and tissue samples were also instrumental for a recent paper on the expression of eve by the Eisen lab (PlosGenetics). This publication is also recommended by the Faculty of 1000 (Biology). (3) The sepsid phylogeny was used to investigate the co-evolution between male forelegs and female wings (attachment structure for the males) in a recent paper in Biol. J. Linnean Society. (4) The sepsid phylogeny was also used for the independent contrast analyses of sepsid data pertaining to the evolution of sexual dimorphism (American Naturalist, Book Chapter)

Coelopidae: Data set with 32 species extended to also include CytB and Histone 3 in addition to 12S, 16S, COI, 28S, and Ef1a. An extensive morphological dataset based on adult and larval characters is being assembled.

Dolichopodidae: A data set for 87 species of Dolichopodidae has been assembled and analyzed (genes: 12S, 16S, 18S, 28S, Cytb, COIa and COIb). We confirm the monophyly of most of the 11 subfamilies in the analysis, but relationships between the subfamilies are poorly supported. The manuscript is expected will be submitted for publication in December 2008.

Corethrellidae: Sequencing of fast-evolving markers to determine the host- specificity of corethrellids in SE Asia.

Morphological Research: Research on the first-tier taxa is ongoing for the first and second tier morphological matrix. Morphology workshop was in mid-July 2005 in Copenhagen. Training in confocal microscopy for the imaging of insect specimens at the American Museum of Natural History. Successful transfer of the technique to the confocal microscope at the National University of Singapore.

Eight project members, Wiegmann, Yeates, Meier, Pape, Courtney, Sinclair, Skevington, and Lambkin met at a week long Morphology workshop in mid-July 2005 in Copenhagen. A list of 484 morphological characters prepared in collaboration with the morphological team from previous works amalgamated and disseminated by Lambkin prior to the workshop was discussed, character by character and state by state. By the end of the workshop, the list was refined and reduced to 367 characters. Lambkin prepared and disseminated referenced morphological character lists, and empty NEXUS matrices to the entire group. In January 2006, it was discovered that some of the team had scored earlier versions of the matrix. Lambkin brought those matrices up-to-date for rescoring.

Lambkin continues to refine the morphological character list, and NEXUS matrix and disseminate changes to the team. Lambkin and Kampmeier are storing images from the project in Morphbank and investigating the possibility of disseminating those images through NEXUS Illustrator. Images for first tier taxon Acrosathe novella (Therevidae), Bombylius major (Bombyliidae), and Ogcodes basilis (Acroceridae) were submitted to Morphbank.

The phylogenetic signal of larval and adult characters is compared across the endopterygote orders with an emphasis on Diptera. The results will be published in Volume 54 of the Annual Review of Entomology.

The FLYTREE website http://www.inhs.uiuc.edu/research/FLYTREE/ debuted 23 April 2004. The website features information about the Diptera Tree of Life project, its participants and collaborators; information about flies and links to more information for many interests and interest levels about flies; a blog of FLYTREE news hosted with Google’s Blogger with headlines on the FLYTREE site; fly morphology and phylogeny, including a current conception of supertree of the Diptera; links to the BioSystematic Database of World Diptera and the Tree of Life; publications and products related to the project; and pictures or links to pictures of flies. Species pages for the targeted species in the 1st tier study will be featured on the EDIT Scratchpads Diptera node, which is being developed by Irina Brake (National Museum of Natural History, London), Kampmeier, and Thompson. . Responsibility for pages was assigned during the Diptera BioSynC meeting in Chicago 7-9 October 2008. These pages are intended to feed directly into the Encyclopedia of Life’s LifeDesks when these become available.

Meanwhile, The new Diptera Site http://diptera.myspecies.info/ is gaining activity as a cyberspace collaboration amongst FLYTREE dipterists as well as those working on particular families of Diptera, including Diptera-related PEET projects.

Co-PI Friedrich and students at Wayne State Univ. have completed sequencing the full coding region of the mitochondrial genomes of the following species: Haematopota pluvialis, Musca domestica, Glossina morsitans Lonchoptera uniseta, Delia radicum, Sarcophaga bullata, Minettia flaveola, Scatophaga stercoraria, Episyrphus balteatus, Sepsis cynipsea (80%), Cyrtodiopsis dalmanni (90%), Exorista larvarum (90%), Megaselia scalaris (90%), Thaumatomyia notata (80%)

Species for which mt genome sequencing has been completed during year 4 funding: Spelobia bifrons (50%), Coboldia fuscipes (60%), Physocephala marginata (50%), Clogmia albipunctata (10%).

Sequence assembly and evaluation are now fully computationally executed using Phred and Phrap software on a designated PC work station. Suchitra Balasubramanian defended her M.S. thesis: Sequencing the mitochondrial genome of the horse fly, Haematopota pluvialis Graduate student Jason Caravas is annotating completed mitochondrial genome sequences using DOGMA (Automatic annotation of organellar genomes with DOGMA. Wyman SK, Jansen RK, Boore JL, Bioinformatics 2004 20(17):3252-3255.), and analyzing preliminary trees using ML, NJ, and Bayesian methods.

Beckenbach and students are generating full mitochondrial genome sequences for 18 dipteran taxa and two outgroups: Tipula abdominalis (90% complete - 90%), Protoplasma fitchii (30% complete - 4.6 kb), Arachnocampa flava (75% complete - 11.4 kb), Bradysia amoena (75% complete - 11.7 kb), Mayetiola destructor (60% complete - 8.9 kb), Nymphomyia dolichopeza (20% complete - 3.0 kb),Edwardsina gigantea (70% complete - 10.5 kb); Chironomus tepperi (87% complete - 13.0 kb), Sylvicola fenestralis (55% complete - 8.4 kb), Exeretonevra angustifrons (45% complete - 7.0 kb), Hermetia illucens (70% complete - 10.6 kb), Ogcodes basalis (20% complete - 3.0 kb), Asilis crabroniformis (85% complete - 13.5 kb), Acrosathe novella (10% complete - 2.0 kb), Bombylius major (95% complete - 14.5 kb), and outgroups Xenos vesparum (25% complete - 3.2 kb), Microchorista philpotti (60% complete - 9.1 kb).

Co-PI Yeates, CSIRO completed the interactive key to fly families "On The Fly", and the interactive glossary of fly anatomy. In addition Yeates, Lambkin, Wiegmann, Morita and Meier continued analyses of supertrees covering the entire order Diptera. Lambkin is completing a paper on her supertree analyses which summarize 24 phylogenetic studies using modern techniques to produce the first overall phylogeny for the family Therevidae. Lambkin has submitted the paper on supertree analyses of the Family Therevidae.

Lambkin has amalgamated a morphological character list developed for the lower Diptera (Courtney), lower Brachycera (Yeates and Sinclair), and Schizophora (Pape, Meier, Thompson) including immature, pupal, and adult characters. This list describing 405 characters and states has been disseminated, in both MS Word and NEXUS formats, to all groups for preliminary scoring and refinement.

Lambkin amalgamated a list of 484 morphological characters for the July 2005 workshop, in Copenhagen. After discussion, the list was reduced to 367 characters. Lambkin continues to refine and disseminate changes to the referenced morphological character list and NEXUS matrix to the entire team. Lambkin and Kampmeier investigated methods for storing images from the project in Morphbank and the possibility of disseminating those images through NEXUS Illustrator.

Co-PI Courtney, postdoctoral associate Blagoderov, and students compiled morphological matrix for lower Diptera, especially 1st tier and other taxa. Special emphasis was given to image capture and scoring larval morphology of lower dipteran taxa, including Axymyiidae, Nymphomyidae, Tanyderidae, Thaumaleidae, Trichoceridae, Lygistorrhinidae, and Keroplatidae.

Database Activities Postdoctoral associate Shelah Morita built Filemaker Pro databases to manage Wiegmann Lab sequences, organize species pages, and contain scored phylogenetic trees for supertree scoring.

After the Tangalooma meetings (post-International Congress of Entomology, August 2004), Gail Kampmeier built a registration database in FileMaker 7, which is accessible via the web to collaborators for tracking work being done or proposed on various tiers of taxa for the FLYTREE project. This database has been available since January 2005 to registered users for data entry, and as read-only for guests http://ant.inhs.uiuc.edu:16080/fmi/iwp/cgi?-db=DipteraTOL&-startsession.

The above database, while still available, has been superceded by another that can be accessed via FileMaker’s Instant Web Publishing for a more realistic database experience http://ant.inhs.uiuc.edu:16080/fmi/iwp/cgi?- db=FlySeqMaster&-loadframes (requires an authenticated signon) or it may now be queried by PHP by visitors or updated by authorized users http://www.inhs.uiuc.edu/research/flytreephp/flytree/. Mandala 6.6, was the last version of the Mandala database to utilize FileMaker Pro 5.x/6. The database structure underwent a massive overhaul in 2005 in anticipation of its migration to FileMaker 7, which is significantly different from previous versions of this database engine. Vestigial appendages in this 10 year old Mandala database structure are being pruned, all field names, relationships among files/tables, scripts, layouts, & value lists are being renamed with core conventions that should make it easier for users and future developers to find the information they need to manage their data. New features include management of bioinventories and tools for conducting a biodiversity blitz (outreach event), and the registration database will become a part of the suite once Mandala is in version 7 (with FileMaker 7). Proposed Darwin Core 2 fields http://wiki.tdwg.org/twiki/bin/view/DarwinCore/DarwinCoreDraftStandard are included and named as appropriate. The current version of Mandala is 7.3c, with version 8 under development.

As of the end of 2008, Mandala 8 is in its final public beta (b5.5; has been in use by other NSF projects since the middle of 2008). Mandala 8 reduces the number of files from 23 to 3 (NAVIGATION, TAXA, SPECIMEN), and increases the number of tables to 27. New features include tables allowing tracking of molecular processes (extraction, PCR, primers, sequences) and recording of morphological characteristics of specimens; documentation of LSIDs (Life Science Identifiers), DOIs (Digital Object Identifiers), and other globally unique identifiers as these are applied to data. The user interface has been further streamlined with the use of FileMaker’s tabbed layouts and hierarchical script menus (best viewed with FileMaker 9). Tables are clustered by greatest affinity with collaborative environments in mind for programmatically shared taxa, literature, people, and illustrations (in TAXA); navigation, help, user question tracking, and structural changes to Mandala (in NAVIGATION); and more project- oriented documentation of specimens, localities, collecting events, bulk samples, loans, and collections (in SPECIMEN).

The Mandala website was updated http://www.inhs.uiuc.edu/research/mandala/ and access to the database of taxon names and their history in the family Therevidae, therevid specimens, literature, and illustrations, was made available for searching via PHP in 2007: http://www.inhs.illinois.edu/research/therevidphp/ (URL is new in 2008 to solve access problems due to institutional firewalls of many users). Specimens and taxa are mapped interactively (see specimen and taxon detail pages with above search) with DiscoverLife.org (and drill back to therevid PHP online from http://www.discoverlife.org/mp/20q?search=Therevidae) and now to GBIF. This test case will be the model for encouraging other Diptera datasets, including the FLYTREE data to reach GBIF. Kampmeier spoke about these developments at the Entomological Collections Network meeting on 16 November 2008 in Reno, NV.

Kampmeier was invited to the Canadian National Collection to talk with scientists and present the Mandala database system 29-31 March 2005. They made the decision to use Mandala 7 when it was released, to document their collections and it is being modified for their use at an institution level. Because of the development (summer 2005) with the UIUC Office of Technology Management of a non-exclusive research/internal business use license to the Mandala database software, which is now distributed with all Mandala demos, all users should be able to benefit from the advances being made by the CNC’s institutional implementation of Mandala and their working in making it compatible with the DiGIR protocol.

The FLYTREE database tracks the progress and stewardship of the data being developed by researchers attached to the project around the world. It has been available since January 2005 to authorized users via instant web publishing through a browser, and through FileMaker Pro 7/8. The results of the tier 1 progress are featured on the FLYTREE website http://www.inhs.illinois.edu/research/FLYTREE/speciespgs.html and links to species pages are under development. The features developed in the FLYTREE database will be folded into Mandala's structure, now that the transition to FileMaker 7/8 has been made. The upgrade of Mandala 7.01c was released in March 2006, and culminates nearly a year of work completely reviewing, renaming (to a more standardized and logical format), and revamping the database layouts, scripts, value lists, relationships, and field names and doing extensive structural 'cleaning' before upgrading it to FileMaker Pro 7/8. A chapter was also finished in February 2006 on Mandala's structure and history (see publications).

The FLYTREE website (http://www.inhs.illinois.edu/research/FLYTREE/) was updated in February and further in March 2006 after meeting 10-13 March with the PIs of the project at the joint meeting of all of the NSF AToLs and Pubis (Planetary Biodiversity Inventory) at Duke University. Mandala began serving species pages, to the web for the family Therevidae in July 2007 http://ant.inhs.uiuc.edu:16080/therevidphp/ (updated to http://www.inhs.illinois.edu/research/therevidphp/ in 2008 for better access). Also in conjunction with FLYTREE, I attended the lecture and workshop for the National Center for Biotechnology Information’s (NCBI) Field Guide to GenBank and Molecular Biology Resources on 22 September 2005.

The Meier lab has is capturing all specimen data for Diptera species used in the FLYTREE project (80% completed). The specimens/DNA have been transferred to barcoded cryo-vials. The work is expected to be completed by the end of 2008 and the specimen lists will be imported into Mandala.

Expeditions: COWEETA HYDROLOGIC LAB LTER, NC. 11/04. Courtney, Wiegmann, Blagoderov, Peterson, and Bertone collected lower dipteran larvae and adults. Several target taxa were collected including Thaumeleidae, Nymphomyiidae, Tanyderidae, Axymyidae, and Trichoceridae.

SAN BERNADINO MTNS, CALIFORNIA. 5/05. Wiegmann, Yeates, Irwin, Trautwein, Winterton, and Gaimari collected Diptera in the Angeles Crest and San Bernadino Mtns near Wrightwood and in the Owens Valley nr Lone Pine. Malaise traps, hand netting and yellow pan traps were used to obtain a large sample of important fly specimens for the ATOL project. The rare species, Apystomyia elinguis (Hilarimorphidae) was collected in large numbers for the first time since the 1940's.

AUSTRALIA: VICTORIA & NSW. Lambkin began a long-term trapping program for flies through the Gippsland area and the coastal regions of south- eastern Victoria, in the isolated, inaccessible Tinderry Nature Reserve and the state forests and National Parks of south-eastern New South Wales. 8 large Hocks and 20 smaller Sharkey Malaise traps were erected, and checked monthly for 5 months from early December 2004 to late April 2005, over summer and autumn. Light trapping was carried out in Tinderry Nature Reserve in December. Hand collecting occurred at each sample collection visit. Several target groups were collected including Therevids, Acrocerids, and Xylophagids.

HUNGARY: July 2005. Mihaly Foldvari and Laslo Papp collected in multiple localities and provided 250+ specimens in multiple families for first and second tier taxon sampling.

COWEETA HYDROLOGIC LAB LTER, NC. March, 2005. Courtney, Blagoderov, and Peterson collected lower dipteran larvae and adults. Several target taxa were collected including Thaumeleidae, Nymphomyiidae, Tanyderidae, Axymyidae, and Trichoceridae.

MALHEUR FIELD STATION and ANDREWS EXPERIMENTAL FOREST LTER, OR. August, 2005. Courtney, Skevington, Blagoderov, and Peterson collected lower dipteran larvae and adults.

Several target taxa were collected including Thaumeleidae, Blephariceridae, and various Tipuloidea and lower Brachycera.

Field trips to Malaysia, Singapore, and Cambodia.

Skevington continues to build the CNC tissue collection (available to all members of FlyTree). 2005 trips included Alaska, Denmark, Fiji and Oregon.

ACADIA NATIONAL PARK, MAINE Diptera Blitz July 14-16 2006 Wiegmann, Thompson, Mathis participated in the Diptera Blitz at Acadia National Park. Diptera specimens relevant to both the Acadia faunal survey and FLYTREE project were collected.

COWEETA HYDROLOGIC LAB LTER NC 6/07. Wiegmann, Morita, Cassel, Bertone, Andrew Deans (HYMATOL), and Swink collected Diptera specimens for project molecular and morphological projects.

NEW MEXICO: NADS meeting, Silver City Aug 13-17, 2007. Morita, Foldvari, Skevington, Pape and Cumming attended. Specimens were collected for use across project objectives.

MADAGASCAR: January, 2007. Petersen collected lower dipteran immatures and adults, including Blephariceridae and Tipuloidea.

CHILE: 30 September – 14 October, 2007. Courtney collected lower dipteran immatures and adults, including Blephariceridae, Thaumeleidae, Tanyderidae, and Tipuloidea.

AUSTRALIA: Queensland. Lambkin began a trapping program for flies and other invertebrates through western Queensland, in the isolated, remote outback in 2 National Parks and on a sustainably managed property in October 2007. A long- term program was rolled out in October 2008 for a 6 month survey of 2 remote outback National Parks and 2 properties using 20 smaller Sharkey Malaise traps and 40 pitfall traps. The traps will be checked monthly by rangers and property owners. Light trapping and hand collecting occurred at each site. An effort to involve an indigenous community has been delayed by poor weather. Target groups include Bombyliids, Therevids, Acrocerids, and Asilids.

Lambkin has instigated the use of flies in environmental assessments in several biodiversity projects at the Queensland Museum. Targeting Bombyliidae, Therevidae, and Asilidae with Malaise traps, pitfalls, and hand collecting over a 13 month survey period Lambkin advised on long term monitoring using several species as indicators of environmental health at the MacFarlane Oil Shale site near Proserpine. Two other projects, one on 14 islands of the Capricornia Cays off Gladstone, and the other in the Redlands shire near Brisbane, will use the same techniques to develop lists of indicator species for environmental assessment.

Lambkin has organised the collection and identification of Diptera in the IBISCA Queensland project, assessing the invertebrates along an altitudinal transect in Lamington National Park over a year long survey from October 2006 using over 14 different collection techniques. The malaise trap data from 3 seasons has produced 110455 fly specimens in 46 families. Papers are currently being prepared using both the Ordinal and Family level data. Flies are being identified to species and morphospecies by Dan Bickel (Dolichopididae, Empididae, Hybotidae), Shane McEvey (Drosophilidae), Rohan Wilson (Schizophora), Bryan Cantrell (Tachinidae, Calliphoridae), Lambkin (Bombyliidae, Therevidae).

COWEETA HYDROLOGIC LAB LTER, NC. March 2008. Courtney collected lower dipteran larvae and adults. Several target taxa were collected.

GREAT BASIN, WESTERN US. June 2008. Courtney traveled to the western U.S. to attempt to collect various groups of aquatic flies. Due to unseasonably wet and cold conditions, collecting was mostly unsuccessful.

PATAGONIA. November-December 2008. Courtney collected lower dipteran immatures and adults, including Blephariceridae, Thaumeleidae, Tanyderidae, and Tipuloidea.