DOCSLIB.ORG

Benzotrichloride

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Benzotrichloride Benzotrichloride 98-07-7 Hazard Summary Benzotrichloride is used extensively in the dye industry and as an intermediate in the chemical industry. Acute (short-term) exposure to the vapors of benzotrichloride are highly irritating to the skin and mucous membranes. In mice and rats chronically (long-term) exposed by inhalation, proliferative lesions of the respiratory tract have been observed. Human data on the carcinogenic effects of benzotrichloride are inadequate. Increased incidences of tumors at multiple sites have been observed in female mice treated orally, dermally, and by inhalation. EPA has classified benzotrichloride as a Group B2, probable human carcinogen. Please Note: The main sources of information for this fact sheet are EPA's Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) (3), which contains information on the carcinogenic effects of benzotrichloride including the unit cancer risk for oral exposure, and EPA's Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Benzotrichloride. (1) Other secondary sources include the Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB) (6), a database of summaries of peer-reviewed literature, and the Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances (RTECS) (4), a database of toxic effects that are not peer reviewed. Uses Benzotrichloride is used extensively in the dye industry. (1,7) Benzotrichloride is also used in the manufacture of benzoyl chloride, chlorinated toluenes, and benzotrifluoride and as a dyestuff intermediate. (1,7) Sources and Potential Exposure Exposure is most likely to occur from occupational settings because benzotrichloride has no known consumer uses. (1) Exposure to the general population from industrial fugitive emissions is not expected to be significant because it hydrolyzes (breaks down) rapidly in the presence of moisture. (1) Assessing Personal Exposure No information was located regarding the measurement of personal exposure to benzotrichloride. Health Hazard Information Acute Effects: Acute exposure to the vapors of benzotrichloride are highly irritating to the skin and mucous membranes in humans. (2,3) Benzotrichloride may cause death or permanent injury after an acute exposure to small quantities by inhalation in humans and animals. (3) Large doses have caused central nervous system (CNS) depression in animals. (2) Tests involving acute exposure of rats, mice, and rabbits, have demonstrated benzotrichloride to have extreme acute toxicity by inhalation, moderate acute toxicity by dermal exposure, and low to moderate acute toxicity by ingestion. (4) Chronic Effects (Noncancer): Chronic Effects (Noncancer): No information is available on the chronic effects of benzotrichloride in humans. In mice and rats chronically exposed by inhalation, proliferative lesions of the respiratory tract have been observed. In addition, inflammation of the lymph nodes, liver, spleen, and kidneys have also been reported in mice. (1) Lesions in the liver, kidneys, and thyroid have been observed in rodents chronically exposed to benzotrichloride in their diet. Proliferative stomach lesions were observed in mice chronically exposed via gavage (experimentally placing the chemical in the stomach). (1) EPA has not established a Reference Concentration (RfC) or a Reference Dose (RfD) for benzotrichloride. (3) Reproductive/Developmental Effects: No information is available on the reproductive or developmental effects of benzotrichloride in humans. Reduced maternal and fetal weight gain and skeletal anomalies have been reported in rats exposed to benzotrichloride via gavage. (1) Cancer Risk: Several epidemiological studies have been carried out examining occupational exposure to the benzoyl chloride production process, which involves benzotrichloride as an intermediate. However, EPA considers these data to be inadequate, based on the small sample sizes of studies, lack of data on cigarette smoking, and the fact that exposure was to a mixture of chlorinated compounds. (3) Increased incidences of tumors at multiple sites have been observed in female mice treated orally, dermally, and by inhalation. In mice exposed to benzotrichloride by inhalation, tumors of the lung, skin, and lymphoid tissue have been observed. Tumors of the stomach, lungs, and thymus have been observed in mice orally exposed to high levels. Skin tumors, lung tumors, and thymus lymphoma have been reported in mice dermally exposed. (1,3,5) EPA has classified benzotrichloride as a Group B2, probable human carcinogen. (3) EPA uses mathematical models, based on human and animal studies, to estimate the probability of a person developing cancer from ingesting water containing a specified concentration of a chemical. EPA has -4 -1 calculated an oral unit risk estimate of 3.6 × 10 (µg/L) . EPA estimates that, if an individual were to -6 continuously ingest water containing benzotrichloride at an average of 0.003 µg/L (3 x 10 mg/L) over his or her entire lifetime, that person would theoretically have no more than a one-in-a-million increased chance of developing cancer as a direct result of ingesting water containing this chemical. Similarly, EPA -5 estimates that ingesting water containing 0.03 µg/L (3 x 10 mg/L) would result in not greater than a one-in-a-hundred thousand increased chance of developing cancer, and water containing 0.3 µg/L (3 x -4 10 mg/L) would result in not greater than a one-in-ten thousand increased chance of developing cancer. For a detailed discussion of confidence in the potency estimates, please see IRIS. (3) Physical Properties The chemical formula for benzotrichloride is C H Cl , and it has a molecular weight of 195.48 g/mol. (5) 7 5 3 Benzotrichloride occurs as a colorless to yellowish oily liquid that is insoluble in water. (1-3) Benzotrichloride has a penetrating odor; the odor threshold has not been established. (1) The vapor pressure of benzotrichloride is 0.23 at 20 °C, and its log octanol/water partition coefficient (log K ) is 2.92. (1) ow Conversion Factors: 3 3 To convert concentrations in air (at 25°C) from ppm to mg/m : mg/m = (ppm) × (molecular weight of the 3 compound)/(24.45). For benzotrichloride: 1 ppm = 7.99 mg/m . Note: There are very few health numbers or regulatory/advisory numbers for benzotrichloride; thus a graph has not Note: There are very few health numbers or regulatory/advisory numbers for benzotrichloride; thus a graph has not been prepared for this compound. The health values cited in this fact sheet were obtained in December 1999. Summary created in April 1992, updated in January 2000. References 1. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Benzotrichloride. EPA/600/x-86/194. Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office, Office of Health and Assessment, Office of Research and Development, Cincinnati, OH. 1986. 2. The Merck Index. An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals. 11th ed. Ed. S. Budavari. Merck and Co. Inc., Rahway, NJ. 1989. 3. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) on Benzotrichloride. National Center for Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, Washington, DC. 1999. 4. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances (RTECS). National Toxicology Information Program, National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD. 1993. 5. International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Humans: Some Industrial Chemicals and Dyestuffs. Volume 29. World Health Organization, Lyon. 1982. 6. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB, online database). National Toxicology Information Program, National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD. 1993..
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Transport of Dangerous Goods
    ST/SG/AC.10/1/Rev.16 (Vol.I) Recommendations on the TRANSPORT OF DANGEROUS GOODS Model Regulations Volume I Sixteenth revised edition UNITED NATIONS New York and Geneva, 2009 NOTE The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. ST/SG/AC.10/1/Rev.16 (Vol.I) Copyright © United Nations, 2009 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may, for sales purposes, be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, electrostatic, magnetic tape, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without prior permission in writing from the United Nations. UNITED NATIONS Sales No. E.09.VIII.2 ISBN 978-92-1-139136-7 (complete set of two volumes) ISSN 1014-5753 Volumes I and II not to be sold separately FOREWORD The Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods are addressed to governments and to the international organizations concerned with safety in the transport of dangerous goods. The first version, prepared by the United Nations Economic and Social Council's Committee of Experts on the Transport of Dangerous Goods, was published in 1956 (ST/ECA/43-E/CN.2/170). In response to developments in technology and the changing needs of users, they have been regularly amended and updated at succeeding sessions of the Committee of Experts pursuant to Resolution 645 G (XXIII) of 26 April 1957 of the Economic and Social Council and subsequent resolutions.
    [Show full text]
  • United States Patent O Fice Patented Dec
    2,816,144 United States Patent O fice Patented Dec. 10, 1957 2. conventional manner and the hydrolysis mass is heated until completely free of any side chain chlorine deriva 2,816,144 tives. This can be determined by the use of alcoholic silver nitrate, for example, which will form a cloudy pre PROBEDUCTION OF RBENZALDEHYDE cipitate upon contact with compounds containing a side Robert W. Harris, Silsborough Township, Somerset chain chlorine group. County, N. S. The benzaldehyde which is obtained upon hydrolysis Separates from the aqueous layer and upon washing and No Drawing. Application August 4, 1955, fractionating yields a substantially pure compound which Seria No. 526,574. 0 is totally free from chlorine. 8 Claims. (C. 260-599) The chlorination of toluene is essentially a step-wise reaction and thus the chlorination can be terminated be fore more than two or three percent is converted to the The present invention relates to a process for the pro 5 tri-chloro derivative. This will correspond to a benzal duction of benzaldehyde from toluene. More particu chloride content of no more than about 35%, depending larly, it relates to a process wherein toluene is reacted upon the particular conditions of the reaction, the balance with chlorine and hydrolyzed to produce benzaldehyde being benzyl chloride with a minor amount of unreacted free from chlorine. toluene. Consequently, the reaction is terminated far The chlorination of toluene will result in the introduc 20 short of the maximum formation of benzal chloride so tion of one, two or three chlorine atoms in the methyl that substantially none of the toluene is lost through the side chain.
    [Show full text]
  • Provisional Peer Reviewed Toxicity Values for Benzyl Chloride (Casrn 100-44-7)
    EPA/690/R-08/005F l Final 7-14-2008 Provisional Peer Reviewed Toxicity Values for Benzyl chloride (CASRN 100-44-7) Superfund Health Risk Technical Support Center National Center for Environmental Assessment Office of Research and Development U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Cincinnati, OH 45268 Acronyms and Abbreviations bw body weight cc cubic centimeters CD Caesarean Delivered CERCLA Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act of 1980 CNS central nervous system cu.m cubic meter DWEL Drinking Water Equivalent Level FEL frank-effect level FIFRA Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act g grams GI gastrointestinal HEC human equivalent concentration Hgb hemoglobin i.m. intramuscular i.p. intraperitoneal IRIS Integrated Risk Information System IUR inhalation unit risk i.v. intravenous kg kilogram L liter LEL lowest-effect level LOAEL lowest-observed-adverse-effect level LOAEL(ADJ) LOAEL adjusted to continuous exposure duration LOAEL(HEC) LOAEL adjusted for dosimetric differences across species to a human m meter MCL maximum contaminant level MCLG maximum contaminant level goal MF modifying factor mg milligram mg/kg milligrams per kilogram mg/L milligrams per liter MRL minimal risk level MTD maximum tolerated dose MTL median threshold limit NAAQS National Ambient Air Quality Standards NOAEL no-observed-adverse-effect level NOAEL(ADJ) NOAEL adjusted to continuous exposure duration NOAEL(HEC) NOAEL adjusted for dosimetric differences across species to a human NOEL no-observed-effect level OSF oral slope
    [Show full text]
  • Roc Profile: Benzotrichloride
    Report on Carcinogens, Fourteenth Edition For Table of Contents, see home page: http://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/go/roc Benzotrichloride Property Information Molecular weight 195.5a CAS No. 98-07-7 Specific gravity 1.38 at 20°C/4°Ca Melting point –5°Ca Reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen Boiling point 221°C at 760 mm Hga Log K 2.92a First listed in the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (1985) ow Water solubility 53 mg/L at 5°Cb Also known as 1-(trichloromethyl)benzene, α,α,α-trichlorotoluene, Vapor pressure 0.414 mm Hg at 25°Ca or benzoic trichloride Vapor density relative to air 6.77a Cl Sources: aHSDB 2009, bChemIDplus 2009. C Cl Use Cl Carcinogenicity Benzotrichloride is used extensively as a chemical intermediate in manufacturing processes. Its most important derivative is benzoyl Benzotrichloride is reasonably anticipated to be a human carcino- chloride (IARC 1999). It has also been used as a dye intermediate in gen based on sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity from studies in the preparation of eight dyes and pigments, including five that have experimental animals. been produced in commercial quantities in the United States. In ad- dition, benzotrichloride has been used to make benzotrifluoride and Cancer Studies in Experimental Animals hydroxybenzophenone ultraviolet-light stabilizers for plastics and in Exposure to benzotrichloride by two routes of administration caused the production of ion-exchange resins, pharmaceuticals, and antimi- tumors at several different tissue sites in mice. When administered crobial agents (IARC 1982b). to female mice by stomach tube, benzotrichloride caused cancer of Production the forestomach (squamous-cell carcinoma) and of the lining of the lung (adenocarcinoma).
    [Show full text]
  • Benzotrichloride
    Common Name: BENZOTRICHLORIDE CAS Number: 98-07-7 RTK Substance number: 0212 DOT Number: UN 2226 Date: April 1997 Revision: February 2004 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------- HAZARD SUMMARY * Benzotrichloride can affect you when breathed in and by * If you think you are experiencing any work-related health passing through your skin. problems, see a doctor trained to recognize occupational * Benzotrichloride is a CARCINOGEN--HANDLE WITH diseases. Take this Fact Sheet with you. EXTREME CAUTION. * Benzotrichloride is a CORROSIVE CHEMICAL and WORKPLACE EXPOSURE LIMITS contact can cause severe skin burns. ACGIH: The recommended airborne exposure limit is * Breathing Benzotrichloride vapor can irritate the nose, 0.1 ppm, which should not be exceeded at any throat and lungs causing coughing, wheezing and/or time. shortness of breath. * Repeated exposure may affect the nervous system causing * Benzotrichloride is a PROBABLE CARCINOGEN in weakness, fatigue, headache, irritability, sleeplessness and humans. There may be no safe level of exposure to a loss of appetite. carcinogen, so all contact should be reduced to the lowest * Benzotrichloride may affect the liver, kidneys and thyroid possible level. gland. * It should be recognized that Benzotrichloride can be absorbed through your skin, thereby increasing your IDENTIFICATION exposure. Benzotrichloride is a colorless to yellow liquid which fumes when exposed to air. It is used to make dyes and other WAYS OF REDUCING EXPOSURE chemicals. * Enclose operations and use local exhaust ventilation at the site of chemical release. If local exhaust ventilation or REASON FOR CITATION enclosure is not used, respirators should be worn. * Benzotrichloride is on the Hazardous Substance List * A regulated, marked area should be established where because it is cited by ACGIH, DOT, NTP, DEP, IARC, Benzotrichloride is handled, used, or stored.
    [Show full text]
  • Benzyl Chloride)
    Screening Assessment for the Challenge Benzene, (chloromethyl)- (Benzyl chloride) Chemical Abstracts Service Registry Number 100-44-7 Environment Canada Health Canada November 2009 Screening Assessment CAS RN 100-44-7 Synopsis Pursuant to section 74 of the Canadian Environmental Protection Act, 1999 (CEPA 1999), the Ministers of the Environment and of Health have conducted a screening assessment of benzene, (chloromethyl)-, also known as benzyl chloride, Chemical Abstracts Service Registry Number 100-44-7. This substance was identified in the categorization of the Domestic Substances List (DSL) as a high priority for action under the Challenge. Benzyl chloride was identified as presenting greatest potential for exposure of individuals in Canada and had been classified by other agencies on the basis of carcinogenicity and genotoxicity. Although the substance met the categorization criteria for persistence, it did not meet the criteria for bioaccumulation potential or inherent toxicity to aquatic organisms; therefore, the focus of this assessment relates primarily to human health aspects. According to data submitted in response to a Notice issued under section 71 of the Act, no persons in Canada reported manufacturing benzyl chloride in a quantity greater than or equal to the reporting threshold of 100 kg for the 2006 calendar year. However, it was reported that 100 000–1 000 000 kg were imported into Canada in that year. The response to the section 71 notice indicated that benzyl chloride is mainly used in Canada as a chemical intermediate for the synthesis of quaternary ammonium compounds, which are used primarily as hard surface sanitizers, corrosion inhibitors, fungicides in industrial cleaners and bactericides in surfactants in household and personal care products.
    [Show full text]
  • How to Use This Guide Dielectric Constant Table
    Dielectric Constant Table.xls Dielectric Constant Table Dielectric Constant (k) is a number relating the ability of a material to carry alternating current to the ability of vacuum to carry alternating current. The capacitance created by the presence of the material is directly related to the Dielectric Constant of the material. Alphabetic Table A B C D Knowing the Dielectric Constant (k) of a material is needed to properly E F G H design and apply instruments such as level controls using radar, RF I J K L admittance, or capacitance technologies. There are also analytical M N O P reasons to know the (k) of a material. Q R S T U V W X How to use this guide Y Z # CLIPPER CONTROLS has compiled an extensive list of products with Dielectric Constants. Many of these Dielectric Constants are given at specific temperatures. If your product's temperature is significantly different from those listed there is a good chance that the Dielectric Constant may be different from the values listed. The products in this reference are listed in alphabetical order and are grouped in sections by the first letter of their name. Proper chemical names were used, and any trade names are the trademark of their respective owners. If you know the correct spelling of the name of the product you wish to review then use the "Search" feature on the web browser to locate the name in the list. You may also click on the letter from the alphabetical table to go directly to the beginning of that alphabetic section.
    [Show full text]
  • Federal Register/Vol. 84, No. 230/Friday, November 29, 2019
    Federal Register / Vol. 84, No. 230 / Friday, November 29, 2019 / Proposed Rules 65739 are operated by a government LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 49966 (Sept. 24, 2019). The Office overseeing a population below 50,000. solicited public comments on a broad Of the impacts we estimate accruing U.S. Copyright Office range of subjects concerning the to grantees or eligible entities, all are administration of the new blanket voluntary and related mostly to an 37 CFR Part 210 compulsory license for digital uses of increase in the number of applications [Docket No. 2019–5] musical works that was created by the prepared and submitted annually for MMA, including regulations regarding competitive grant competitions. Music Modernization Act Implementing notices of license, notices of nonblanket Therefore, we do not believe that the Regulations for the Blanket License for activity, usage reports and adjustments, proposed priorities would significantly Digital Uses and Mechanical Licensing information to be included in the impact small entities beyond the Collective: Extension of Comment mechanical licensing collective’s potential for increasing the likelihood of Period database, database usability, their applying for, and receiving, interoperability, and usage restrictions, competitive grants from the Department. AGENCY: U.S. Copyright Office, Library and the handling of confidential of Congress. information. Paperwork Reduction Act ACTION: Notification of inquiry; To ensure that members of the public The proposed priorities do not extension of comment period. have sufficient time to respond, and to contain any information collection ensure that the Office has the benefit of SUMMARY: The U.S. Copyright Office is requirements. a complete record, the Office is extending the deadline for the extending the deadline for the Intergovernmental Review: This submission of written reply comments program is subject to Executive Order submission of written reply comments in response to its September 24, 2019 to no later than 5:00 p.m.
    [Show full text]
  • Α-Chlorinated Toluenes and Benzoyl Chloride
    α-CHLORINATED TOLUENES AND BENZOYL CHLORIDE Data were last reviewed in IARC (1982) and the compounds were classified in IARC Monographs Supplement 7 (1987a). 1. Exposure Data Benzyl chloride 1.1 Chemical and physical data 1.1.1 Nomenclature Chem. Abstr. Serv. Reg. No.: 100-44-7 Chem. Abstr. Name: (Chloromethyl)benzene IUPAC Systematic Name: α-Chlorotoluene Synonyms: Chloromethyl benzene; chlorophenylmethane; α-tolyl chloride 1.1.2 Structural and molecular formulae and relative molecular mass CH2Cl C7H7Cl Relative molecular mass: 126.6 1.1.3 Chemical and physical properties of the pure substance From Lide (1997), unless otherwise specified (a) Description: Colourless liquid with a pungent odour (Lewis, 1993) (b) Boiling-point: 179°C (c) Melting-point: –45°C 20 (d) Density: d10 1.10 (e) Solubility: Insoluble in water; slightly soluble in carbon tetrachloride; miscible with chloroform, diethyl ether and ethanol (Budavari, 1996) (f) Vapour pressure: 133 Pa at 22°C; relative vapour density (air = 1), 4.36 (Ver- schueren, 1996) (g) Stability: Decomposes in hot water to benzyl alcohol (United States Environ- mental Protection Agency, 1980); decomposes rapidly when heated in the pre- sence of iron (Budavari, 1996); combustible (Lewis, 1993) (h) Reactivity: Undergoes reactions both at the side-chain containing the chlorine and at the aromatic ring (Gelfand, 1979) –453– 454 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 71 (i) Flash-point: 67°C (closed cup); 74°C (open cup) (Lin & Bieron, 1993) (j) Explosive limit: Lower, 1.1% by volume of air (Lin & Bieron, 1993) (k) Octanol/water partition coefficient (P): log P, 2.30 (Verschueren, 1996) (l) Conversion factor: mg/m3 = 5.18 × ppm 1.2 Production and use The chemical processes associated with the manufacture of chlorinated toluenes are summarized in Figure 1.
    [Show full text]
  • The Mechanism of the Hydrolysis of Benzotrichloride
    Title THE MECHANISM OF THE HYDROLYSIS OF BENZOTRICHLORIDE Author(s) TANABE, Kozo; SANO, Tomoko Citation JOURNAL OF THE RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR CATALYSIS HOKKAIDO UNIVERSITY, 13(2), 110-118 Issue Date 1966-01 Doc URL http://hdl.handle.net/2115/24797 Type bulletin (article) File Information 13(2)_P110-118.pdf Instructions for use Hokkaido University Collection of Scholarly and Academic Papers : HUSCAP J. Res. Inst. Catalysis, Hokkaido Univ., Vol. 13, No.2, pp. 110 to 118 (1965) THE MECHANISM OF THE HYDROLYSIS OF BENZOTRICHLORIDE By Kozo T ANABE*) and Tomoko SANO*) (Received September 30, 1965) Abstract The rate of the hydrolysis of benzotrichloride was determined at 5, 20 and 30°C over a pH range from 0 to 14. The rate was found to be constant independently of pH. It was also found that the nucleophilic reagents such as piperidine and thiophenol have no appreciable effect on the hydrolysis rate and that the rate decreases with increase of chloride ion concentra­ tion in solution. On the basis of these results together with those on the chlorine exchange reported in the foregoing paper, the mechanism of the hydrolysis is discussed. Introduction In the foregoing paper, the chlorine exchange of benzotrichloride with aqueous chloride solution was studied!). The hydrolysis of benzotrichloride is now investigated under the same experimental condition as those in the exchange reaction to elucidate the mechanism. § 1. Experimental The reaction was carried out in the same way as in the case of benzal chloride2l. The purification of benzotrichloride has been described in the foregoing paperll. All other chemicals used were guaranteed reagents of Kanto Chemical Co.
    [Show full text]
  • Particularly Hazardous Substances Human Reproductive Page 1 of 25 March 2011 Carcinogen Hazard
    Particularly Hazardous Substances Human Reproductive Page 1 of 25 March 2011 Carcinogen Hazard CAS Number order Acutely Probable Reactive Female Known Toxic Male CAS Fetal Number Chemical 00–00–1 Nickel compounds 00–00–2 Chromium [VI] Compunds 00–00–3 Cadmium compounds 00–00–4 Chlorophenols (polychlorophenols) 00–00–5 Hexachlorocyclohexanes 00–00–6 Lead compounds, inorganic 00–00–7 Methyl and other organic mercury compounds 00–01–0 Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) ‐ all forms 00–01–1 Organolithium compounds 00–01–3 Botulinum Toxins 00–01–4 Clostridium perfringens, epsilon toxin 00–01–5 Conotoxins 00–01–6 Ricin isolates 00–01–7 Saxitoxins 00–01–8 Staphylococcal enterotoxins 00–01–9 Tetrodotoxins 00–02–0 Tricothecene mycotoxins 50–00–0 Formaldehyde (Formalin) (Paraformaldeyde) 50–06–6 Phenobarbital 50–07–7 Mitomycin C 50–18–0 Cyclophosphamide 50–29–3 DDT [p,p'‐DDT] 50–32–8 Benzo[a]pyrene 50–35–1 Thalidomide 50–55–5 Reserpine 51–21–8 5‐Fluorouracil 51–28–5 Dinitrophenol Particularly Hazardous Substances Human Reproductive Page 2 of 25 March 2011 Carcinogen Hazard CAS Number order Acutely Probable Reactive Female Known Toxic Male CAS Fetal Number Chemical 51–52–5 Propylthiouracil 51–75–2 HN2 (nitrogen mustard‐2) 51–79–6 Ethyl carbamate (Urethane) 52–24–4 Thiotepa 52–67–5 Valine, 3‐mercapto‐, D‐ 53–70–3 Dibenz [a,h]anthracene 53–96–3 2‐acetylaminofluorene 54–62–6 Aminopterin 55–18–5 N‐Nitrosodiethylamine 55–63–0 Nitrogycerine 55–86–7 Nitrogen Mustard Hydrochloride 55–98–1 1,4‐Butanediol dimethanesulfonate (Busulfan; Myleran) 56–04–2 Methylthiouracil
    [Show full text]
  • Thesis-1955D-S632n.Pdf (12.10Mb)
    NEW ADDITION REACTIONS OF ETHYLENE OXIDE By FRANK BIER SLEZAK 11 Bachelor of Science Antioch College Yellow Springs, Ohio 1951 Master of Science Oklahoma Agricultural and Mechanical College Stillwater, Oklahoma 1953 Submitted to the faculty of the Graduate School of the Oklahoma Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DCX::TOR OF HIILOSOPHY May, 1955 i NEW ADDITION REACTIONS OF ETHYLENE OXIDE Thesis Approved: Thesis Adviser eanofthe Graduate School ;; ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The author is deeply grateful to Dr. o.c. Dermer for his continuous guidance during the course of this work. The author also wishes to thank other members of the Chemistry Department for their suggestions and com= roonts on various phases of the research described herein. This work was made possible by the Chemistry Department i n the form of a Graduate Fellowship and by the Cities Service Research and Develop= ment Company, sponsors of part of the worko TABLE OF CONTENTS Page I. INTRODUCTION 1 II. HISTORICAL 2 Preparation of Ethylene Oxide • 2 Physical Pro~rties of Ethylene Oxide 2 Mechanism of Reaction of Ethylene Oxide 2 Reaction of Ethylene Oxide with Co~pounds Containing Active Hydrogen 4 Reaction of Ethylene Oxide with Compounds Containing No Active Hydrogen • 13 III. EXPERIMENTAL PART A. Preparation of Methoxymethyl Acetate and Methylene Diacetate Introduction •• 18 Procedure and Results • 20 Discussion • 0 26 PART B. Acid-Catalyzed Reactions of Ethylene Oxide with Esters and Acetal Analogs Introduction •• • 27 Procedure and Results. 28 Discussion 56 PART C. Reac.tion of Ethylene Oxide with Com­ pounds Capable of Forming Enolates Introduction.
    [Show full text]