THE CHICKASAW NATION, ) a Federally-Recognized Indian Tribe, ) ) Plaintiff, ) ) V
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Case 5:11-cv-00506-W Document 12 Filed 05/12/11 Page 1 of 36 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT WESTERN DISTRICT OF OKLAHOMA (1) THE CHICKASAW NATION, ) a federally-recognized Indian Tribe, ) ) Plaintiff, ) ) v. ) Civil Action No. 5:11-cv-506-W ) (1) NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS ) BOARD, and in their official capacities as ) members of the Board, ) (2) WILMA B. LIEBMAN, Chairman, ) (3) CRAIG BECKER, ) (4) MARK G. PEARCE, AND ) (5) BRIAN HAYES, ) ) Defendants. ) ) PLAINTIFF CHICKASAW NATION’S OPENING BRIEF IN SUPPORT OF MOTION FOR TEMPORARY RESTRAINING ORDER AND/OR PRELIMINARY INJUNCTION Case 5:11-cv-00506-W Document 12 Filed 05/12/11 Page 2 of 36 TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF AUTHORITIES ............................................................................................ ii I. INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................. 1 A. Nature of the Action. ..................................................................................... 1 B. Jurisdiction. ................................................................................................... 3 II. STATEMENT OF FACTS .................................................................................... 5 III. ARGUMENT .......................................................................................................... 8 A. The Chickasaw Nation Has a Substantial Likelihood of Success on the Merits. ................................................................................... 9 1. The rule of law set forth in Dobbs, not the Board’s San Manuel test, is controlling in this Circuit. .......................................... 9 2. The NLRA is inapplicable because the Chickasaw Nation conducts gaming in the exercise of its sovereign authority. .......................................................................... 13 3. Congress has not expressly authorized the application of the NLRA to Indian tribes. .......................................................... 19 B. The Chickasaw Nation will Suffer Irreparable Harm Absent Injunctive Relief. ......................................................................................... 23 C. The Threatened Injury to the Nation Outweighs Any Possible Injury to the Board. ..................................................................................... 24 D. The Public Interest Supports the Grant of Injunctive Relief. ...................... 24 CONCLUSION ................................................................................................................ 25 i 111646.1 Case 5:11-cv-00506-W Document 12 Filed 05/12/11 Page 3 of 36 TABLE OF AUTHORITIES Cases A.O. Smith Corp. v. F.T.C., 530 F.2d 515 (3d Cir. 1976) ................................................. 23 Breakthrough Mgmt. Group, Inc. v. Chukchansi Gold Casino and Resort, 629 F.3d 1173 (10th Cir. 2010) ......................................................................................... 16 California v. Cabazon Band of Mission Indians, 480 U.S. 202 (1987) ............................ 16 Dobbs v. Anthem Blue Cross and Blue Shield, 600 F.3d 1275 (10th Cir. 2010) ....... passim Donovan v. Coeur d’Alene Tribal Farm, 751 F.2d 1113 (9th Cir. 1985) ......................... 12 Donovan v. Navajo Forest Prod. Indus., 692 F.2d 709 (10th Cir. 1982).......... 9, 11, 13, 22 EEOC v. Cherokee Nation, 871 F.2d 937 (10th Cir. 1989) ........................ 9, 10, 11, 21, 22 Elk v. Wilkins, 112 U.S. 94 (1884) .................................................................................... 10 Federal Power Comm’n v. Tuscarora Indian Nation, 362 U.S. 99 (1960) ................ 10, 11 FDA v. Brown & Williamson Tobacco Corp., 529 U.S. 120 (2000) ................................. 22 Fort Apache Timber Co., 226 N.L.R.B. 503 (1976) ......................................................... 11 Iowa Mut. Ins. Co. v. LaPlante, 480 U.S. 9 (1987) ..................................................... 20, 22 Kiowa Indian Tribe of Okla. v. Hoover, 150 F.3d 1163 (10th Cir. 1998) ......................... 23 Leedom v. Kyne, 358 U.S. 184 (1958) ................................................................................. 4 Maremont Corp. v. NLRB, 1976 WL 4206 (W.D. Okla. 1976) .......................................... 4 McCulloch v. Sociedad Nacional de Marineros de Honduras, 372 U.S. 10 (1963) ............................................................................................................ 19 ii 111646.1 Case 5:11-cv-00506-W Document 12 Filed 05/12/11 Page 4 of 36 Merrion v. Jicarilla Apache Tribe, 455 U.S. 130 (1982) ...................... 5, 10, 15, 17, 19, 20 Minnesota v. Mille Lacs Band of Chippewa Indians, 526 U.S. 172 (1999) ........................ 4 Montana v. United States, 450 U.S. 544 (1981) ................................................................ 17 Morris v. Hitchcock, 194 U.S. 384 (1904) .................................................................. 5, 14, 15 Morton v. Mancari, 417 U.S. 535 (1974) .............................................................................. 22 Myers v. Bethlehem Shipbuilding Corporation, 303 U.S. 41 (1938) .................................. 4 Nat’l Farmers Union Ins. Co. v. Crow Tribe, 471 U.S. 845 (1985) ................................... 3 New Mexico v. Mescalero Apache Tribe, 462 U.S. 324 (1983) .................................. 15, 16 NLRB v. Catholic Bishop of Chicago, 440 U.S. 490 (1979) ................................. 19, 20, 22 NLRB v. Pueblo of San Juan, 276 F.3d 1186 (10th Cir. 2002) .................................. passim NLRB v. Reliance Fuel Oil Corp., 371 U.S. 224 (1963) ................................................... 19 Oklahoma Tax Comm’n v. Chickasaw Nation, 515 U.S. 450 (1995)................................ 14 Oliphant v. Suquamish Indian Tribe, 435 U.S. 191 (1978) ............................................... 14 Phillips Petroleum Co. v. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 803 F.2d 545 (10th Cir. 1986) ............................................................................................. 9 Prairie Band of Potawatomi Indians v. Pierce, 253 F.3d 1234 (10th Cir. 2001) ....................................................................... 3, 4, 8, 23, 24 Pueblo of Santa Ana v. Kelly, 104 F.3d 1546 (10th Cir. 1997) ........................................... 3 Sac & Fox Indus. Ltd., 307 N.L.R.B. 241 (2004) ............................................................. 20 iii 111646.1 Case 5:11-cv-00506-W Document 12 Filed 05/12/11 Page 5 of 36 Sac and Fox Nation of Mo. v. LaFaver, 905 F. Supp. 904 (D. Kan. 1995) ...................... 24 San Manuel Indian Bingo & Casino, 341 N.L.R.B. 1055 (2004) ................... 11, 12, 13, 19 Sears, Roebuck and Co. v. NLRB, 473 F.2d 91 (D.C. Cir. 1973) ........................................ 4 Seneca-Cayuga Tribe v. Oklahoma, 874 F.2d 709 (10th Cir. 1989) ........................... 23, 24 Strate v. A-1 Contractors, 520 U.S. 438 (1997) ................................................................ 5, 15 Timpanogos Tribe v. Conway, 286 F.3d 1195 (10th Cir. 2002) ...................................... 3, 4 United States v. Dion, 476 U.S. 734 (1986) ...................................................................... 21 United States v. Estate of Romani, 523 U.S. 517 (1998) ...................................................... 22 United States v. Fausto, 484 U.S. 439 (1988) ....................................................................... 22 United States v. Wheeler, 435 U.S. 313 (1978) ................................................................. 19 Winnebago Tribe of Neb. v. Stovall, 216 F. Supp.2d 1226 (D. Kan. 2002), aff’d, 341 F.3d 1202 (10th Cir. 2003) ............................................................................... 24 Wyandotte Nation v. Sebelius, 443 F.3d 1247 (10th Cir. 2006) .......................... 4, 8, 23, 24 iv 111646.1 Case 5:11-cv-00506-W Document 12 Filed 05/12/11 Page 6 of 36 Constitutions and Statutes United States Constitution ................................................................................................... 3 Chickasaw Constitution ....................................................................................................... 5 28 U.S.C. § 1331 ................................................................................................................. 3 28 U.S.C. § 1332 ............................................................................................................... 20 28 U.S.C. § 1362 ................................................................................................................. 3 Chickasaw Nation Public Gaming Act of 1994 (“Public Gaming Act”) Chickasaw Nation Code §§ 3-3101 to 3-3610 ............................................................... passim Chickasaw Nation and State of Oklahoma Gaming Compact (“Compact”) ................ passim Chickasaw Nation Code §§ 2-550.01 to 2-550.04 (“Personnel Code”) ........................... 6, 17 Indian Gaming Regulatory Act (“IGRA”), 25 U.S.C. §§ 2701-2721 ........................ passim Indian Reorganization Act (“IRA”), 25 U.S.C. §§ 461-477 ................................................. 22 National Labor Relations Act (“NLRA”), 29 U.S.C. §§ 151-169.............................. passim Treaties 1830 Treaty of Dancing Rabbit Creek, Act of Sept. 30, 1830, 7 Stat. 333 ............... 3, 5, 13 1855 Treaty of Washington, Act of Jun. 22, 1855, 11 Stat. 611 ..................................... 3, 5 1866 Treaty