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Yoshinori Kanayama · Alexey Kochetov Editors Abiotic Stress Biology in Horticultural Plants Abiotic Stress Biology in Horticultural Plants Yoshinori Kanayama • Alexey Kochetov Editors Abiotic Stress Biology in Horticultural Plants Editors Yoshinori Kanayama Alexey Kochetov Graduate School of Agricultural Science Institute of Cytology & Genetics Tohoku University Russian Academy of Sciences Sendai , Miyagi , Japan Novosibirsk , Russia ISBN 978-4-431-55250-5 ISBN 978-4-431-55251-2 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-4-431-55251-2 Springer Tokyo Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London Library of Congress Control Number: 2014958674 © Springer Japan 2015 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifi cally the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfi lms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. Exempted from this legal reservation are brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis or material supplied specifi cally for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the Copyright Law of the Publisher’s location, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Permissions for use may be obtained through RightsLink at the Copyright Clearance Center. Violations are liable to prosecution under the respective Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specifi c statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com) Pref ace Major horticultural crops produced in the world are vegetables and fruits such as tomatoes, watermelons, bananas, and apples. The production of tomatoes, water- melons, and bananas is more than 100 million tons and that of apples is more than 70 million tons. The production of vegetables and fruits is increasing with popula- tion growth. Although the production is less than that of major cereals such as corn, rice, and wheat, vegetables and fruits are essential as food and food supplements in a way different from cereals. That is, vegetables and fruits are necessary for the maintenance of body functions, whereas cereals are foods that mainly provide energy. Therefore, horticultural production is important for promoting a healthy life and for preventing hidden hunger. The purpose of this publication is to elucidate the biological aspects of the abi- otic stress response in horticultural plants from the fi eld to the molecular level. There are few books focusing mainly on the abiotic stress response in horticultural plants, although many books concerning the basic aspects of abiotic stress biology and research progress at the molecular level in model plants are available. Many readers who are interested in plant abiotic stress biology are aware of the applica- tion of the latest fi ndings to agricultural production; hence, this book will appeal to those readers especially. Stress tolerance mechanisms in horticultural crops are gaining attention because most agricultural regions are predicted to experience considerably more extreme environmental fl uctuations due to global climate change. Furthermore, because of recent progress in next-generation sequencing technologies, the emergent postgen- omic era has enabled advances not only for model plants and major cereal crops but also for horticultural crops, which comprise a great diversity of species. In this postgenomic era, translational and transcriptional research on model plants has pro- vided a large amount of valuable information on many horticultural species. This book provides information on the physiological aspects of the abiotic stress response in horticultural plants, which is considered essential for postgenomic research. The book comprises four parts. Part I concerns the physiological and molecular aspects of stress response in horticultural plants, and Part II deals with the effects of abiotic stress on horticultural plants and production, mainly at the production stage. v vi Preface These parts also describe quality improvement and freshness retention as a unique phenomenon in horticulture. Part III describes physiological disorders as a unique phenomenon, while Part IV provides updated information on genetic engineering and omics as a biotechnological aspect. Collectively, the parts of this book provide a detailed description of abiotic stress biology in horticultural plants from the fi eld to the molecular level and discuss the latest fi ndings mainly with regard to major fruit crops in which readers worldwide are interested. We sincerely thank the authors of the chapters for their time spent on this book. We also thank Springer and especially Dr. Mei Hann Lee for the editorial assistance that made this publication possible. We hope our audience will enjoy reading this new work on horticultural plants and will fi nd useful information in this book. Sendai, Japan Yoshinori Kanayama Novosibirsk, Russia Alexey V. Kochetov Contents Part I Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology in Horticultural Plants 1 Effect of Salt Stress on the Growth and Fruit Quality of Tomato Plants ...................................................................................... 3 Takeshi Saito and Chiaki Matsukura 2 Ethylene, Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide, and Temperature in Postharvest Physiology ....................................................................... 17 Yasutaka Kubo 3 Role of Polyamines in Stress Response in Horticultural Crops .......... 35 Xiaopeng Wen and Takaya Moriguchi 4 Effect of Temperature on Fruit Color Development ............................ 47 Yoshiko Koshita 5 Polyol Metabolism and Stress Tolerance in Horticultural Plants ...... 59 Yasuo Suzuki Part II Effects of Abiotic Stress on Horticultural Crop Production and Storage 6 Influence of Drought and High Temperature on Citrus ...................... 77 Keiko Sato 7 Fruit Set and Temperature Stress .......................................................... 87 Yasushi Kawasaki 8 Postharvest Chlorophyll Degradation and Oxidative Stress .............. 101 Naoki Yamauchi vii viii Contents Part III Stress Biology in Physiological Disorders of Horticultural Crops 9 Blossom-End Rot in Fruit Vegetables ................................................... 117 Hiroki Ikeda and Yoshinori Kanayama 10 Watercore in Fruits ................................................................................. 127 Akihiro Itai 11 Water Uptake Through the Surface of Fleshy Soft Fruit: Barriers, Mechanism, Factors, and Potential Role in Cracking ......... 147 Moritz Knoche Part IV Genetic Engineering Technologies and Omics in Stress Tolerance 12 Promoters for Transgenic Horticultural Plants ................................... 169 Olga G. Smirnova , Elena N. Tishchenko , Anton А . Ermakov , and Vladimir K. Shumny 13 mRNA Translational Enhancers as a Tool for Plant Gene Engineering .................................................................................... 187 Alex V. Kochetov , Elena A. Filipenko , and Pavel S. Nikulin 14 RNA-Seq Data Analysis for Studying Abiotic Stress in Horticultural Plants ............................................................................ 197 V.V. Mironova , C. Weinholdt , and I. Grosse Part I Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology in Horticultural Plants Chapter 1 Effect of Salt Stress on the Growth and Fruit Quality of Tomato Plants Takeshi Saito and Chiaki Matsukura Abstract During the past several decades, salt injury has arisen as one of the most serious problems in agriculture worldwide, especially in arid and semiarid areas. Generally, excessive exposure of crops to salinity stress leads to yield reduction and loss of quality. However, for tomato crops, moderate salt stress improves the fruit quality, increasing nutritional components but decreasing fruit yield. In the current Japanese market, such fruits are referred to as “fruit tomatoes” and are sold at a higher price compared with normally cultivated tomatoes because of their high Brix (sugar content) and excellent fl avor. Previously, the mechanism underlying this phenomenon was referred to as a “concentration effect” because fruit enlargement was suppressed by limited water uptake as a result of salt stress. However, recent studies have suggested that, in addition to the “concentration effect,” certain meta- bolic and molecular genetic responses to salinity are also involved in the develop- ment of fruit tomatoes. Here, we introduce metabolic alterations in major fruit components such as sugars, amino acids, organic acids, and carotenoids in high- Brix fruit, and we describe the physiological changes

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