Part II – Appendices – References, Hot Links, and Charts

Hot Links to referenced articles: https://www.stuff.co.nz/business/124971151/councils-risk-credit-rating-downgrades-if-they-do-not- spend-enough-on-infrastructure-sp-says, Stuff article, Dileepa Fonseka, 2 May 2021 https://www.newsroom.co.nz/hold-4-monday-our-water-problem-in-15-worrying-charts ,updated 1 May 2021 https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/health/124521734/lead-in-the-water-more-councils-testing-for- lead-after-otago-scare https://www.scoop.co.nz/stories/GE2102/S00058/new-zealand-towns-drinking-water-contaminated- with-lead.htm

Water Services Bill 314-1 (2020), Government Bill Contents ...https://legislation.govt.nz › bill › government › latest

Essential Freshwater new rules and regulations | Ministry for ...https://www.mfe.govt.nz › essential- freshwater-new-rules-...

New water regulator board announced as major Government reform moves forward https://www.dia.govt.nz/Government-Inquiry-into-Havelock-North-Drinking-Water-Report---Part-1--- Overview https://www.mfe.govt.nz/overview-our-freshwater-2020 https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/national/441242/new-plymouth-water-meter-unpopularity-not- surprising-councillor https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/national/440554/auckland-smart-water-meter-rollout-aims-for-80-000- in-four-years

National Performance Review, 2019/20, Water NZ https://www.wgtn.ac.nz/news/2021/01/policy-options-as-nz-faces-water-shortages https://www.stats.govt.nz/news/new-zealand-is-getting-drier

APPENDIX A -- Water Futures -- Background Information - Purpose, Approach, Member Qualifications Formation of Water Futures The magnitude of the water supply issue in the District has repeatedly reached critical points over the past decade, including the record-breaking period without rain in January to March 2019.

A major contribution to the solution was the approval to build the Waimea Community Dam (‘WCD’), and Waimea Water Ltd, was thus created to represent the shared interests of Council, Nelson City Council, local iwi, and Waimea Irrigators Ltd. (WIL), in overseeing and managing the WCD’s development and construction.

An advisory group was thought to be an important component of the process of ensuring a fact-based debate on the proposal for a water storage solution; the thinking being that TDC, WIL and Waimea Water (and the communities) would all benefit from and engage with the advisory group to help shape considerations toward approving the dam proposal.

The concept behind Water Futures (originally called “Community Water Solutions Advisory Group”) was that it brought together a credible, independent and knowledgeable group of individuals who could provide advice & information to various parties and individuals, using their collective area of expertise, regarding issues around water supply in the region, and the construction of the WCD.

Now that the WCD has been approved and the construction process has started, members of Water Futures have turned their attention to the future, recognising that the dam was only one part of a much bigger picture and set of issues all relating to the sourcing, storage, distribution, and use/re- use/post-use of said water.

We see this as an issue affecting Nelson City & Tasman District - the entire Nelson Tasman Region.

To further an active community consideration of the wide range of issues surrounding WATER in the Nelson Tasman Region, and to promote sound decision making on policy alternatives related to WATER in the Region, members of Water Futures believe that there is a continuing, though somewhat different role for its members. Purpose Tthe role of Water Futures is to contribute to the thoughtful consideration of, and decisions affecting, WATER-related issues in the Region. This includes: - on-going provision of education/information to any/all groups in the Region (and nationally) - providing factual, science-based commentary on proposals (and/or responses to proposals) related to WATER - acting as a knowledge source on WATER-related history, documentation, scientific papers, policy decisions, geological and hydrological matters, and more - hosting, sponsoring, presenting or contributing to a range of public fora (symposia, conferences, community meetings, council meetings, select committees, and the like) - acting as a point of contact for media comment on WATER-related matters - advocating for evidence-based strategies for water management across the region

Principles & Guidelines Information sharing Members are encouraged to help keep all WATER-related interest groups up-to-date on information, technical studies, trends, identified issues related to shortage of supply or water quality, and any other pertinent issues relating to WATER and water supply developments across the region and country. Where appropriate and reasonable, members are expected to seek input from additional individuals or groups that may share interests.

WATER-related issues will include (but are not limited to): Sourcing – rainfall; rivers, streams, lakes, and other natural water flows; pumping from aquifers or other storage facilities

Use – of any kind, but for example: irrigation for crops; stock watering; all domestic purposes; industrial and commercial usage related to product/service delivery of foods, manufactured items, animal products, etc.; sewerage management; collection systems (leading to storage/further use); ‘re- use’ following recycling/treatment, and efficiencies of use

Storage – man-made and natural, including: lakes, dams, ponds, tanks and the like; natural aquifers; any other mechanism prior to intended use.

Distribution – the act of conveying stored water to the point of intended use, including: domestic/household piping; reticulation by towns/cities/built-up areas over a wider area; spreading, irrigating, spraying, and any other similar methods of conveyance.

Good faith All members will work in good faith towards constructive outcomes for queries or issues presented regarding current and future water supply issues.

Advisory role The Group is advisory, offering suggestions, positions, proposals, and comments on WATER-related matters, whether raised by others or through its own efforts.

The term “Advisory” can include preparation of discussion papers, commenting on proposed new or altered public policies, visual and oral presentations, interviews, advertising (paid or unpaid), brochures and/or mailers to wide-area or selected locations, and the like. Committee Composition (members) Water Futures is comprised of people with specialist knowledge of a relevant aspect of water management, its use, or community interest.

The intent is for members to have or demonstrate: • a strong interest in WATER issues that are present in the Region • an ability and willingness to contribute to developing and/or discussing relevant solutions and subsidiary or collateral matters • a commitment to impartial, evidence-based discussion and recommendations • a variety of backgrounds so the group has a broad representation of skills and experience.

Roles and Responsibilities: Group Members • are energetic and passionate about our Region/community, able to attend meetings, review information and questions forwarded by Waimea Water Ltd, TDC, NCC, central government bodies/representatives, environmental and tangata whenua groups, and others, and provide timely feedback and input as required • are individuals who have a strong interest in our region and desire to engage in this volunteer opportunity to help achieve best possible outcome for Nelson Tasman Region’s future development and well-being • are those with a unique, focused, or passionate perspective on Regional concerns and the opportunities and threats presented to WATER in the Region • are aware of or willing to consider the pulse of the community and are able to provide input on WATER-related matters, based on broad-based community and professional feedback • are committed to and excited about the opportunity to engage in open and transparent communications with Waimea Water, TDC, WIL, NCC, central government, environmental and tangata whenua groups, and other individuals and groups representing WATER-related issues • are willing/able to positively work to resolve any differences with community groups/individuals if and when the need arises • acknowledge that the Group is not a decision-making body or a body which reports to any of the entities with a public or commercial role in water management in the region.

APPENDIX B – WATER NZ – National survey on water, 2017

Use this hot link, please: https://www.waternz.org.nz/Resources/Article?Action=View&Article_id=1867

APPENDIX C – Water Futures survey of Nelson/Tasman region water users – 2020/21

Nelson/Tasman residential water supply security

What are the risks to our domestic water supplies and regional freshwater?

These questions are of increasing concern to water users, Central Government and local Government as our water infrastructure ages, and our climate changes. Tasman District Council, Nelson City Council and Water Futures (a regional advisory group for the two Councils) would appreciate your experience and thoughts about your current water supplies and what risks should be focused on.

Answering the questionnaire should take you less than 5 minutes. All questions are multi-choice. The questionnaire is relevant to all homes in Nelson/Tasman, whether you are connected to the pressurised reticulated town supply or have other household supply systems.

1. Where do you live? In Nelson City or Tasman District? (The survey is open to only residents of these two areas.) Nelson City Tasman District

2. In which suburb of Nelson City do you live (or nearest to)? Glenduan Monaco Port Nelson The Glen Nayland Stepneyville Bishopdale Hira Stoke Maitai Valley Nelson East Tahunanui Britannia Heights Nelson South Brooklands Marybank Ngawhatu Moana Port Hills Washington Valley

3. Where in Tasman District do you live (or nearest to)? Appleby Gowanbridge St Arnaud Belgrove Hope Murchison Takaka Brightwater Collingwood Mangarākau Pohara Tōtaranui Dovedale Māpua / Ruby Bay Richmond Glenhope Mārahau Wakefield Golden Downs

4. How is water supplied to your house? ! Council Town pressurised reticulated supply ! Council rural or rural residential restricted low pressure supply ! Own rainwater collection and storage ! Own, or a locally shared bore or a take from a river or other surface supply ! Other (please specify in fewer than 50 characters)

5. How reliable is your water supply? ! Do you know the origin of your water - Yes/No ! I never have to think about it - it is always available ! There are some times in summer when my council introduces water restriction and I need to conserve water ! I have to be careful about my water use all the time ! I'm never sure if I will have enough water from week to week

6. Do you think your tap water is safe to drink?

! I have no concerns about drinking water from the tap without any in-house treatment ! I have a water filter or other in-house treatment system and will only drink filtered or treated water ! I only drink bottled water (commercial or water I collect from elsewhere) - I do not trust my tap water

7. Do you know how much water your household uses each year?

! No

! Yes, because I check it on our water rates account (Nelson City and all urban metered supplies in TDC) or read our water meter

! Yes, because I monitor our own household storage or supply system ! Yes - for another reason (please specify in fewer than 50 characters) ! The approximate amount our household uses per days is:______litres

8. What, if anything, makes you want to conserve water? Select as many as are relevant.

! I have no interest or need to conserve water ! We have a limited local or household supply ! My water rates or fixed charges are too expensive so I conserve. ! We should all conserve natural resources, whatever they are ! I only follow restrictions required by Council during a drought, such as alternate watering days. I don think I need to do anything else. ! Other (please specify in fewer than 50 characters)

9. Do you have a store of drinking water (36 litres for a family of four) at home to help survive a natural disaster without assistance for at least three days?

! Yes ! No

5. Risks to your supply

In this section we ask you about what you think poses the greatest risk to the reliability and safety of your supply.

Use the sliders to indicate how much you agree or disagree with each statement.

You need to answer each question by clicking on each slider even if you do not move it.

10. The changing climate (more droughts and floods) poses a significant risk to my domestic water supply Disagree strongly I'm neutral about this issue Agree strongly

11. Lack of nation-wide, policies, planning and investment by central government in water storage and supply poses a significant risk to my domestic water supply Disagree strongly I'm neutral about this issue Agree strongly

12. Lack of regional planning, policies and investment by local councils in water storage and supply poses a significant risk to my domestic water supply Disagree strongly I'm neutral about this issue Agree strongly

13. A lack of focus on efficient use of all water poses a risk to supply and costs Disagree strongly I'm neutral about this issue Agree strongly

14. Failure to maintain existing water supply infrastructure by councils poses a significant risk to my domestic water supply Disagree strongly I'm neutral about this issue Agree strongly

15 . Natural disasters like floods and earthquakes pose a significant risk to my domestic water supply Disagree stronly I'm neutral about this issue Agree strongly

16 . A lack of reliable and effective water treatment by councils poses a significant risk to my domestic water supply Disagree strongly I'm neutral about this issue Agree strongly

17. Contamination from an unpredictable source poses a significant risk to my domestic water supply Disagree strongly I'm neutral about this issue Agree strongly

6. What measures could improve domestic supply and quality? Is

Use the sliders to indicate how much you would be willing to accept each option.

You need to answer each question by clicking on the slider even if you do not move it.

These questions are all hypothetical and there is no proposal or forecast requirement to implement any of these options.

If you have indicated that you are not connected to a pressurised reticulated town supply, many of these questions won't apply to you, in which case just click the 'neutral' position

17. Require all homes to have water efficient devices like low-flow shower heads, dual flush toilets, low water use washing machines and an easily read water use meter I would not accept this option I'm neutral about this option I would be happy to do this

18. More use of existing water conservation methods like alternate watering days and hose bans I would not accept this option I'm neutral about this option I would be happy about this

19. Require all habitable dwellings not connected to treated water supplies to have appropriate water treatment systems (filters, etc.) I would not accept this option I'm neutral about this option I would be happy to do this

20. Have some onsite storage to collect rainwater and allow emergency supplies of reticulated water to be intermittent I would not accept this option I'm neutral about this option I would be happy to do this

21. All water supplies to be metered and charged by volume at rates that reflect true cost of supply while safeguarding the rights to water for all households I would not accept this option I'm neutral about this option I would be happy about this option

22. Only grey water to be used for lawns and gardens I would not accept this option I'm neutral about this option I would be happy to do this

23. Councils to increase investment to ensure water storage and treatment systems are more reliable and robust I would not accept this option I'm neutral about this option I would be happy about this

24. Rank the following in order of importance (1 highest to 4 lowest) to you and your household: • Electricity • Telephone • Water supply • Reticulated Wastewater • Internet (assuming electricity is not an issue)

7. And finally, some questions about you We ask these questions so we can compare results with NZ Census data to see how representative our survey is.

25. What gender do you identify with? Female Male Gender-diverse

26. Which age group are you in? Under 20 20-29 30-39 40-49 50-59 60-69 70+

27. And if you want to be entered into the draw for a $100 Pressy Card, enter a phone number or email below. This information will be stripped from the survey results before they are analysed and will not be related to your answers. The information will then be deleted once the winner has responded.

APPENDIX D –Drivers and barriers to rainwater and greywater uptake in , BRANZ Study Report, Bint & Jacques, SR382 [2017], ISSN: 1179-6197

Use this hot link, please: https://www.branz.co.nz/pubs/research-reports/sr382/

APPENDIX E - Other References noted in the Report:

AGEING PIPES AND MURKY WATERS Urban water system issues for the 21st Century, Office of the Parliamentary Commissioner for the Environment, June 2000, Wellington

Use this link, please: https://www.pce.parliament.nz/media/pdfs/ageing_pipes.pdf

BEYOND AGEING PIPES. Urban Water Systems for the 21st Century, Office of the Parliamentary Commissioner for the Environment, April 2001, Wellington

Use this link, please: https://www.pce.parliament.nz/publications/archive/1997-2006/beyond-ageing-pipes-urban-water- systems-for-the-21st-century

APPENDIX F – CHARTS FROM WATER NZ:

Chart 1. Average Daily residential water use, Consumption 2017, Residential Water Efficiency, Water New Zealand, Wellington

Chart 2. Average daily residential water use, Consumption 2018 - Residential Water Efficiency, Water New Zealand, Wellington

Chart 3. Average Daily residential water use, Consumption 2019, Residential Water Efficiency, Water New Zealand, Wellington

Chart 4. - Average daily residential water use and Average daily residential water consumption trend, Consumption 2020 – Residential Water Efficiency, Water New Zealand, Wellington

Chart 1. Average Daily residential water use, Consumption 2017, Residential Water Efficiency, Water New Zealand, Wellington

Chart 2. Average daily residential water use, Consumption 2018 - Residential Water Efficiency, Water New Zealand, Wellington

Chart 3. Average Daily residential water use, Consumption 2019, Residential Water Efficiency, Water New Zealand, Wellington

Chart 4. - Average daily residential water use and Average daily residential water consumption trend, Consumption 2020 – Residential Water Efficiency, Water New Zealand, Wellington

APPENDIX G - Specific Responses offered by survey takers

If there is anything else you would like to share, please write a comment below. Open-Ended Response

1. Yes, stop the dam, it’s too expensive or make the irrigators pay for 80% of cost because that is what they are using. If they had to pay the amount we pay for our water, they would not waste it like they do. TDC stop being ruled by one section of the community I.e. the growers. They are also responsible for high levels of nitrates and pesticides in the water supply. This is detrimental to the health of the region.

2. Our water supply has been built by the subdivision developer with Council oversight. It Serves our subdivision and some adjoining properties in Research Orchard road. It is currently untreated and there is limited storage. A number of residents have installed their own tanks for collection of roof water- this is generally there to supplement the scheme for garden/landscape purposes with the scheme water predominantly used for house supply. TDC have no interest in its operation which is managed by our association. The changes to water supply in NZ- Regulator in place and potential large Water entities (non Local Authority) will most likely impact on our supply. This could include need to treat the bore water and possibly the supply being managed in the future by one of the Water entities. I would support the management by others with teh skills and resources to manage the supply a against the existing group of residents with varying degrees of knowledge depending on who is living here at the time - an unsustainable situation.

3. We do not wish to have chlorine added for the treatment of water. It makes some peoples skin itch terribly and having to wash young babies in it is terrible. If this is what Council wish to do they would be better to offer each household a free pass to go and drink the swimming pool water at the aquatic centre.

4. The Maitai reservoir water is very poor quality and its release as compensation water to the river has badly degraded. The river

5. Never privatise water ownership.Local authority to retain control and distribution.

6. As bore water drinkers over 6y it affected my familys health now in richmond on town supply there is an urgent need to address nitrates in our water also. Would love to know outcomes of this survey

7. The scale in Richmond water is terrible. It ruined my shower. Scale got between the plastic and glass and caused my shower to leak. I had to replaced the shower and got whole house filter system in to prevent more damage to all my household appliances.

8. Council should publish acceptable specs for the water supply (e.g. minimum flow rates and pressures)

9. We would like to leave the Dovedale scheme and supply all our own water because of the poor quality but this is not allowed

10. People need to be educated in the use of water, especially using hoses & watering gardens. I’m horrified to see sprinklers being used in the middle of a sunny day . What a waste of a precious resource.

11. I am just glad to do this survey so council's, etc have accurate information from it's residents to make more informed accurate decisions that effects it's communities.

12. Eventually we cannot rely on our local rivers and aquifers to supply enough water, and searching for a larger source is short sighted. The council needs to look to savings in water use. Domestically we use too much water and building rules could be used to reduce consumption, such as the maximum distance a hot water tap can be from it's heating source. This would reduce the wasted water waiting for the hot to arrive.

13. Need to make Nelson supply bigger already plan for future growth

14. Very concerned with water smell, the same at Motueka Estuary smell. From all my taps, shower etc. have to flush water all the time and still the smell, using heaps of water. Never heard back from test done and sent away by Motueka Council Rep who organised this. Using bottled water or boiled for drinking. Seems unacceptable for a new sub-division.

15. More use of rain water, and PuPu Springs

16. Totally against paying for dam when not able to receive any benefit from it.

17. Healthy non polluted, natural water is a must for all health and survival.

18. I would appreciate being able to reliably irrigate my garden every year. At present I limit planting vegetables because most summers there are water restrictions. I also limit irrigating lawns and plants because I realise the water supply is limited and the river flow and water for commercial businesses is a higher priority than my garden

19. Of the thousands of people doing this survey a raffle for 50 bucks, no wonder people have no faith in the council or is it just me??

20. This residence is a holiday home

21. if you are going to allow large scale development of Marahau and collect the rates, then you need to invest in a proper water, wastewater and stormwater solution

22. No Floride please

23. I think it is imperative that treatment of water should only be with UV rather than chemicals that can affect one's health. Also as far as Marahau is concerned there should be no further development as we have no reticulated sewage services and in mid summer sewage smells are noted in Franklin Street and on the beach. The prospective 50 section subdivision at the end of Newhaven Cres should not be permitted. It will put more pressure on contamination on any water waste from chemicals and sewage put into the ground! Please be realistic.

24. Some modern services in Marahau would be great Water supply and sewerage

25. We have a paraplegic son 41 living with us and a granddaughter 16 also a border 50, there are 5 of us sharing the water, also i have three chalets that require water.

26. A lot of the questions presume we have a water and sewerage service.. In Marahau we have neither

27. Get on with supply into Richmond. Use the lakes.

28. All new builds should have to install their own rain water tanks as they do in parts of Europe. People need to start to taking responsibility for their own needs and being accountable for what they use.

29. Q26 poorly worded. Yes to treatment. No to storage.

30. Our Walter system needs up grading not reducing pressure instead

31. Great questions

32. Needs to put water filters on every home on town supply WAYTO MUCH CHLORINE!!!!!

33. The council should promote water collection/storage for all dwellings ie from rooves and on site storage to be used for gardens, flushing toilets and drinking if necessary. This would reduce reliance on mains water and provide buffer in times of drought Too much natural water just being wasted without thought to using it wisely.

34. too much wasted water as people use as they dont have to pay much

35. Maintaining the supply of water and ensuring good waste water disposal is extremely important

36. I am concerned at the amount of water bottled. I am also concerned about water extraction from rivers and water pollution from agriculture and horticulture

37. Given Tasman is spending a large sum of money for a secure water supply (aka Waimea Dam) I'm not sure how relevant some of the questions are.

38. Our house water supply is shared with farm stock water. Being permitted to store bulk water during the wet season is a rapidly increasing priority. Our water source is at high risk during drought

39. The survey Q's could have had more depth. Options in some categories were too limited. Where two questions were asked in the same sentence there should have been two categories. There was nothing substantial about water quality/treatment (eg. chlorination being a poison, a carcinogenic, and antibiotic and the effects from cumulative exposure). Nothing mentioned about quality control(see Dr. Masaru Emoto), re- energizing, restructuring the water (see The Imploder water energizer) and so on. I feel a lot more can be done to improve on both water quality and scarcity "IF" it is the will of local councils to support their ratepayers on the issue and not the government. But good on you for kicking things off.

40. We support water storage infrastructure such as dams

41. There are no questions regarding storm water services which I believe could be much better managed and used. There is also the issue of rubbish and contaminants in our storm water

42. I fully endorse the establishment of the dam in the Lee valley. I feel TDC has poorly communicated why we need this dam. It's not just about the farmers!

43. All new houses should install water tanks for collection from roof.

44. We need to complete the Waimea Community Dam project as soon as possible at whatever cost and all those people who want to live in this beautiful part of the world should be prepared to pay for it.

45. The threat of climate change is real. We need to do as much as we can to mitigate etc. It is such an enormous waste that most water disappears into the ocean during the rainy season (here in Richmond) and 3-4 months later there is a drought and we need to preserve water..... Why not recognize the value of rainwater and support building water storage tanks on all properties? It would support the local economy and get people to work during Covid times. It is the right thing to do to make Richmond more climate change resilient. And it would start a discussion about what local government can do if it starts to act smart and intelligent...

46. This survey doesn't address things households already have in place eg collecting rain water for garden

47. I could not answer question 27 on my phone as it did not display all the words.

48. Do not let the central government take control of our water under the "Three Waters" scheme

49. TDC need to suppy reticulated water with nitrate levels below 1 mg/litre nitrate-N. Nitrate is a known carcinogen and it has been shown in a rigourous Danish study that there is a link between long-term ingestion of nitrates in drinking water and an elevated risk of developing colorectal cancer. Fenemor has reported that the "gravel pipes" conveying water to Richmond are contaminated with nitrate fertiliser from horticultural activities on the . TDC staff have known of this problem for decades and have done nothing, other than to blame a long-defunct pig farm. If TDC cannot clean up the reticulated water supply then TDC needs to provide a source of uncontaminated drinking water from where citizens can collect their drinking water.

50. I live in a Retirement village so some of my answers would be entirely different were I in my own home still

51. About time serious expenditure was made on upgrading water pipes and sewage pipes and treatment instead of spending on artwork for example!

52. The Council needs to stop over allocating water. Farmers and orchardists need to be brought into this century and stop overhead and wasteful irrigation. The quality of our rivers need to take immediate priority.