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The Archeological Objects in Uzbekistan and the Issues of Preserving Them by Museumification

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The Archeological Objects in Uzbekistan and the Issues of Preserving Them by Museumification ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ EPRA International Journal of Socio-Economic and Environmental Outlook (SEEO) ISSN: 2348-4101 Volume: 8 | Issue: 3| March 2021 | SJIF Impact Factor (2021): 7.426 | Journal DOI: 10.36713/epra0314 | Peer-Reviewed Journal THE ARCHEOLOGICAL OBJECTS IN UZBEKISTAN AND THE ISSUES OF PRESERVING THEM BY MUSEUMIFICATION Kuryazova Darmonjon Candidate of History (PhD), National painting and design institute named after Kamoliddin Behzod, Tashkent. Uzbekistan ANNOTATION The aim of this work is to study the features of the preservation of the material cultural heritage of Uzbekistan. The main aspects of the study of archaeological objects are analyzed and its place and role in modern practice are revealed. And also, theoretically substantiated the need for a complex of measures for the preservation and museumification of archaeological sites in the region. KEY WORDS: archeological objects, material cultural heritage, monument, museumification, preservation, study, resolution ACTUALITY 2021 sets the following tasks: to create 3D model of Because of the large number of 50 most important archeological monuments in the archeological monuments in Uzbekistan, it takes one country on the basis of innovative technologies; of the leading places in the world. The abundance of Akshakhan Fortress in the Republic of archeological monuments testifies that this highly Karakalpakstan; Mingtepa and Kushtepa in Andijan civilized peoples, whose ancient culture was at an region, Poykent in Bukhara region; Kaliyatepa in the extremely high level inhabited in region. The number Jizzakh region; Yerkurgan in Kashkadarya region, of archeological monuments that have come down to Nurata fortress in Navoi region, Old Pop in us is estimated by archaeologists at about 8.5 Namangan region, Afrosiyob in Samarkand city, thousand. In order to clarify these figures, Dalvarzintepa and Kampirtepa in Surkhandarya monuments of this type of material cultural heritage region, Kanka in Tashkent region, Chilanzar Oktepa should be fully cadastred [1. – p.232-234.]. Today, in Tashkent region, Kuva citadel Museum of Fergana the total number of cultural heritage sites is more region, Khumbuztepa archeological monuments in than 10,000, of which 7,570 are under state Khorezm region are among them to be preserved and protection. They include ancient architectural and museumificated. archeological monuments, sculptures and monumental works of art, sightseeing and portable METHODS OF THE RESEARCH cultural heritage sites [2. - p. 206-208.]. As result of Conclusions based on historical- the analysis it has been known that only 25% of state- comparative and generalized analysis, objectivity, protected objects have protection signs - labels. Most scientific, historical approach, systematization are the cultural heritage sites do not have cadastral methodological basis of the research. Moreover, the documents and their boundaries are not defined. The theoretical basis of the study is the decrees of the resolution of the President of the Republic of President of the Republic of Uzbekistan and his Uzbekistan "On measures to radically improve the works on spirituality, culture, ideology of national activities in the field of protection of material cultural independence, the laws of the Republic of heritage" was adopted. The "Roadmap" of this Uzbekistan, and the decrees of Cabinet of Ministers resolution for the radical improvement of the of the Republic of Uzbekistan on museum protection, preservation, research, promotion and development. rational use of tangible cultural heritage in 2019- 2021 EPRA SEEO | www.eprajournals.com | Journal DOI URL: https://doi.org/10.36713/epra0314 5 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ EPRA International Journal of Socio-Economic and Environmental Outlook (SEEO) ISSN: 2348-4101 Volume: 8 | Issue: 3| March 2021 | SJIF Impact Factor (2021): 7.426 | Journal DOI: 10.36713/epra0314 | Peer-Reviewed Journal RESEARCH RESULTS industrial activities, burial places. 2. Archaeological The data presented in the research have a objects include separate constructions of scientific basis, the main conclusions of it can be archeological monuments and all separate used to improve the activities of museums, the constructions except archeological monuments. The development of measures aimed at increasing its concept of archaeological object is included in this efficiency, the museumification of material cultural classification as an auxiliary category, because some heritage. In addition, the results of the research can archaeological monuments may fall into the category be used in museum affairs, lectures and seminars in of archaeological object or vice versa. the system of higher and secondary special Archaeological objects are included in the part of an educational institutions. archeological monument and can serve as an Museumification of the monuments, objects, independent historical source. 3. Archaeological of cultural heritage, works of art and artifacts of finds – this category includes all objects found in the antiquity enables to preserve them to the maximum territory of archeological monuments and objects, as extent and reveals their historical, cultural, scientific well as removable parts of archeological monuments and artistic value. In our opinion, the and objects [4. - p. 81]. museumification of archeological monuments and Based on the above, it is possible to develop objects is one of the means of preserving them for the more optimal methods of preservation, future generations and has become an integral part of museumificating and use of archaeological heritage. modern museum practice. The museumificated For example, in one area it is possible to organize archeological monuments under these conditions various open-air museums and museum-reserves. The become an important part of the material cultural application of such an approach to the preservation of heritage. The solution to the problem of material cultural heritage can be seen in a large museumification of archaeological heritage arises in number of practical works on the preservation and the interdependence of several knowledge systems use of archeological heritage abroad: archeological and scientific disciplines, with the help of specialists parks are among them, more often the surrounding of different levels and specialties, state and public natural environment is used in the implementation of organizations. museum programs of historical and cultural heritage According to A.I.Martinov, the world [5. - p. 112]. According to its methodological experience in the use of material cultural heritage is solution, the problem of museumification of real reflected not only in its preservation, but also in its material cultural heritage is quite complex and use by modern society. On this basis, he emphasizes diverse. This, in turn, is due to the fact that the the need to create a single new system: monuments archaeological heritage has come down to us, in of material cultural heritage – museums – many cases, in a state of disrepair. In this respect, in information tourism – museum-tourist service and practice, museumificated archeological monuments museum-tourist business [3. - p. 13–22.]. As noted are difficult to accept by an unprepared spectator. above, a significant part of the material and cultural This is often characteristic for the objects and heritage of Uzbekistan is occupied by archeological territories that are not associated with the monuments. Today, the preservation of their most development of large urban centers and ancient remarkable objects through museumification is one civilization. In general, this problem can be of the most actual issues. It should be noted that no successfully solved once it is determined what and specific method has been developed for the how to museumificate. There are two different museumification of archeological monuments. solutions to the problem of what is museumificated. Because, they all have reached to us in different The first is related to the suggestion to museumificate situations and appearances. That is, some of them almost all cultural monuments and even material occupy an area of several hectares and are scattered, cultural landscapes that may disappear as a result of others have a holistic compositional appearance, but the influence of human activity factor. In this regard, several historical layers are observed in them, and so researchers believe that museumificating is the only on. Therefore, in the process of developing the way to preserve a monument that is in danger of problem of museumification of archeological extinction. Scientists also note that the civilization of monuments, a specific approach is needed in the a society is determined by the presence and number identification and classification of archeological of museumificated objects [6.–p.13]. The second objects and monuments. N.M. Bulatov suggests their solution assumes the determination of the criteria to separation and characterization as follows: 1. be selected for the museumification of monuments. Archaeological monuments include cities, villages, Despite the diversity of approaches, researchers have cemeteries, irrigation systems, and manufacture and identified the following criteria of monuments and handicraft
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