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ABSTRACT

German literature on power trans- Books on power formers is covered from 1888 (first book on transformers published any- where, just three years after patent­ transformers in ing transformers), up to most recent publications issued in 2019. The pur- pose of the compilation of published German – Part II books on power transformers is to give a historical summary on the top- ic, which may also be useful to other A bibliography 1920 – 1951 specialists in their research.

KEYWORDS 1920 F. Kotschi, Der Transformator bei tiefen Temperaturen, Arbeit zur Er- calculation, construction, design, W. Demuth et al., Die Materialprufung langung der Würde eines Doktoringe- DIN, historical development, power der Isolierstoffe der Elektrotechnik (The nieurs (The transformer at low ambient testing of electrical engineering insulation temperatures, thesis for doctoral de- transformers, testing, VDE materials), Springer, Berlin, Pages IX+149, gree), self-publishing, Pages 68, 1920 1920 [26, 27]

92 TRANSFORMERS MAGAZINE | Volume 8, Issue 1 | 2021 Vitaly GURIN, P. RAMACHANDRAN

By the beginning of the 20th century, transformer technology reached a relatively high level of development for that time. Lots of different topics were analysed and published

H. Kyser, Die elektrische Kraftuber- This book has survived 15 editions and Pages 702, 1921; Ed. 2.0, Pages 751,1925; tragung, Band 1, Die Motoren, Um- a few reprints. At first it was a guide for Ed. 3.0, Birkhäuser, Basel, Pages 630, former und Transformatoren (The manufacturing windings for electri- 1956 electric power transmission, Volume 1, cal machines and transformers. Then The motors, converters and transform- the book was repeatedly expanded in In this book, a famous engineer, scien- ers), Springer, Berlin, Pages 416, 1920; the direction of increasing the volume tist and chess player, Prof. Milan Wid- Ed. 2.0, Pages 548, 1923; Ed. 3.0, Pages of repairs, adding faults, testing, and mar (1885–1962), outlines the basics 544, 1930 monitoring. At the same time, the title of designing and constructing power of the book was changed, and its cov- transformers. The fundamental princi- F. Raskop, Der Katechismus für die erage naturally expanded. In the bib- ples presented in it remain valid even Ankerwickelei (The Catechism for an- liography, we have combined all avail- today, despite the development of the chor winding), Meusser, Berlin, Pages able publications under the popular theory, great progress in the proper- VIII+145, 1920; Ed. 2.0, 1922; Ed. 3.0, short historical name The Catechism ties of materials, technology, growth 1929; Ed. 4.0, M. Krayn, Berlin, Pages for anchor winding. Other books by in ultimate power and voltage classes, 224, 1933; Ed. 5.0, Pages VII+241, 1937; the author are indicated in the bib- and automation of the design pro- Ed. 6.0, Pages XII+287, 1941; Ed. 8.0, De liography for 1929, 1938 and 1948. cess. The book has withstood many Gruyter, Berlin, Pages XII+299, 1944; editions and has been translated into Ed. 10.0, Pages XI+416, 1951 and Re- many languages. Other books by the print 2019; Ed. 11.0, Pages 472, 1953; 1921 author are indicated in the bibliogra- Ed. 12.0, Pages 516, 1957; Ed. 13.0, Pag- phy for 1927, 1928, 1935, 1940 and es 616, 1964; Ed. 14.0, 1967 and Reprint Milan Vidmar, Die Transformatoren 1945. 2019; Ed. 15.0, Pages 503, 1976 [28, 29] (The transformers), Springer, Berlin, www.transformers-magazine.com 93 COLUMN

In 1921, Prof. Milan Widmar published a alternating current machines), Olden- bourg, Munich and Berlin, Pages 86, 1927 book Die Transformatoren which treat de- [32] sign and construction of power transform- 1928 ers. Presented fundamental principles re- main valid even today Gustav Haberland, Elektrotechnische Lehrhefte IV, Transformatoren und Wechselstrommaschinen (Electrotechni- cal instruction book IV, Transformers and AC machines), M. Janecke, Leipzig, Pages F. Unger, M. Kloss, Konstruktien der 1925 174, 1928; Pages 191, 1944; Ed. 8.0, Fach- Dinamomaschinen und Transforma- buchverlag, Leipzig, Pages 206, 1950 toren (Constructions of dynamo ma- Egon Eichwald, Mineralöle (=Technische chines and transformers), Fifth section Fortschrittsberichte Bd. 40) (Mineral Siemens-Schuckert Preislisten Band M p. 361-434 in book: Starkstromtechnik oils (= Technical progress reports Vol. 2 Maschinen und Zubehör Transfor- Pocketbook for Electrotechniker, Vol. I 40)), Steinkopf, Dresden, Pages 151, 1925 matoren (Siemens-Schuckert price lists by E. v. Rziha and J. Seidener, Wilchelm volume M 2 machines and accessories Ernst & Sohn, Ed. 5.0, Berlin, Pages 1926 for transformers), Self-published printing 892, 1921. and art publishing Haberland, Leipzig, Conrad Aron, Der Transformator (The Pages over 300, circa 1928-1936 1922 Transformer), Wilhelm Herbst Verlag, Pages 118, 1926 Milan Vidmar, Wirkungsweise elek- J. Fischer-Hinnen, Theoretisches und trischer Maschinen (Mode of operation praktisches Lehrbuch für Elektrotech- 1927 of electrical machines), Springer, Berlin, niker. Mit besonderer Berücksichti- Pages 223, 1928 gung der Berechnung und Prüfung AEG, Anweisung zur Behandlung der von Maschinen und Transformatoren Transformatoren (Instructions on how Rudolf Wotruba, Adalbert Stifter, Die (Theoretical and practical textbook for to handle the transformers), Verlag AEG, Transformatoren, Theorie, Aufbau und electrical engineers. With special atten- Pages 67, 1927 Berechnung (The transformers, theory, tion to the calculation and testing of structure and calculation), De Gruyter machines and transformers), Raustein, Heinrich Keller, Zur Kenntnis von Trans- Oldenbourg-Verlag, Munich-Berlin, Pag- Zürich, Pages 550, 1922 formatorenöl. Dissertation. (Trans- es 203, 1928 [33, 34] former oil. A Dissertation.), Munich, Walter Spath, Über Durchschlag- Pages 41, 1927 [30, 31] 1929 seigenschaften von Transforma- torenölen. Inauguraldissertation. Normen der Elektrotechnik für Dr. G. Brion, Die elektrische Meßtech- (About electric breakdown properties Maschinen, Transformatoren, Appa- nik II: Die Messungen an elektrischen of transformer oils. Inaugural Disser- rate, DIN Taschenbuch 7 (Electrical en- tation.), Springer, Jena, Pages 347, 1922 gineering standards for machines, trans- formers, apparatus, DIN Taschenbuch 1923 7), VDE, Beuth-Verlag, Berlin, Pages 133, 1927; Ed. 2.0, Pages 139, 1928 VDE, Regeln für die Bewertung und Prüfung von Transformatoren (R.E.T. Wilchelm Schafer, Transformatoren, 1923) (Rules for the evaluation and Goschen Collection No. 952 (Transform- testing of transformers (R.E.T. 1923)), ers, Goschen Collection No. 952), Walter Ed. 1.0, Springer, Berlin, Pages 23, 1923 de Gruyter & Co., Berlin - Leipzig, Pages 114, 1927; Ed. 2.0, Berlin, 1949; Ed.3.0, 1924 1957; Ed. 4.0, 1962

A. von Königslöw, Transformatoren Milan Vidmar, Die Transformatoren im und asynchrone Drehstrommotoren, Betrib (The transformers in operation), Ihre Wirkungsweise und Berechnung Springer, Berlin, Pages 310, 1927 (=Bibliothek der gesamten Technik 308) (Transformers and asynchronous Rudolf Wotruba, Der ein- und mehr- three-phase motors, their mode of phasige Wechselstrom: Einführung in operation and calculation (=General das Studium der Transformatoren und technology library 308)), M. Janecke, Wechselstrommaschinen (Single and Leipzig, Pages 172, 1924 multi-phase alternating current: Intro- Figure 1. Milan Vidmar, Die Transformatoren duction to the study of transformers and im Betrib

94 TRANSFORMERS MAGAZINE | Volume 8, Issue 1 | 2021 Maschinen, Transformatoren und Gle- Dynamomaschinen, Motoren und mens-Schuckert, Berlin, Pages 207, 1934 ichrichtern (The electrical measurement Transformatoren, Lichtanlagen und technology II: The measurements on elec- Umformerstationen. (Circuit book for 1935 trical machines, transformers and rectifi- DC and AC systems. Dynamo machines, ers), de Gruyter & Co., Berlin, Pages 120, motors and transformers, lighting systems M-Sammelliste 1935. Maschinen, Schal- 1929 and converter stations), J. Springer, Berlin, ter und Transformatoren (M-Collection Pages 160, 1922; Pages 213, 1931 list 1935. Machines and transformers), Friz Raskop, Die Instandsetzungen an Siemens-Schuckert, Berlin, Pages 240, elektrischen Maschinen und Transfor- 1932 1935 matoren, insbesondere die Herstellung von Ankerwicklungen und Transforma- Rudolf Richter, Elektrische Maschinen, Milan Vidmar, Der kupferarme Trans- torenwicklungen (The repair of electrical 3. Band: Die Transformatoren (Electri- formator (The low-copper transformer), machines and transformers, especially the cal machines, volume 3: the transform- Springer, Berlin, Pages 92, 1935 [38] manufacture of armature windings and ers), Springer, Berlin, Pages 321, 1932; transformer windings), Ed.4.0, Meusser, Ed.2.0, Birkhäuser, Basel-Stuttgart, Pag- Paul Werners, Energieübertragung und Berlin, Pages 342, 1929 es 352, 1954; Ed. 3.0, Springer Basel AG, -umwandlung mit Wechselstrom. Ein- Pages 321, 1963 heitliche Theorie der Leitungen, Trans- E. Roller, H. Pricks, Schulversuche zur formatoren und Maschinen (Energy Elektrizitätslehre mit dem zerlegbaren transmission and conversion with alter- Before his death, E. ARNOLD (see the Transformator und Zusatzteilen (School nating current. Uniform theory of lines, year 1902-1904 in our bibliography trials on electricity with the dismantled transformers and machines), Teubner, above), suggested RUDOLF RICHTER transformer and additional parts), Verlag Leipzig-Berlin, Pages 204, 1935 [39] (1877-1957) to become the leader of TH Physikalische Werkstätten AG, Goettin- Karlsruhe. On 1 October 1912, at the age gen, Pages 111, 1929 [35] 1936 of 35, R. Richter took up the position of full professor and director of TH, and 1930 F. J. Gemmert, Transformator (Stark- showed himself to be a worthy successor strom - Schwachstrom) (Transformer to his great predecessor, working until Georg Dettmar, Erläuterungen zu (high current and low current)), Otto 1947. During 1924-1950, he published den Regeln für die Bewertung und Maier Verlag Ravensburg, Pages 31, 1936 5 volumes of his book Electrical ma- Prüfung von elektrischen Maschin- [40-42] chines, volume 3: The transformers, en R.E.M. / 1930, Transformatoren which was first published in 1932, and R.E.T. / 1930 und Maschinen und 1937 gained international popularity by com- Transformatoren auf Bahn- und an- peting with the works of M. Vidmar. deren Fahrzeugen R.E.B./1930 sowie M-Sammelliste 1937: Maschinen, Schal- zu den Normalen Anschlußbedingun- ter und Transformatoren (M-Collection Another Richter’s book, which also has gen und den Normalen Klemmen-Be- list 1937: Machines and transformers), a transformers section, is listed in 1949. zeichnungen (Explanations of the rules Siemens-Schuckert, Berlin, Pages 302, for the assessment and testing of electrical 1937 machines R.E.M. / 1930, transformers M-Sammelliste 1932: Maschinen und R.E.T. / 1930 and machines and trans- Transformatoren (M-Collection list formers on trains and other vehicles 1932: Machines and transformers), Sie- R.E.B. / 1930 as well as the normal con- mens-Schuckert, Berlin, Pages 179, 1932 nection conditions and the normal termi- nal designations), Springer, Berlin, Pages Robert Spieser, Krankheiten elektrischer 406, 1930 [36] Maschinen, Transformatoren und Ap- parate (Fault analysis of electrical ma- L. Lerch, 177 Schaltbilder von Transfor- chines, transformers and apparatus), matoren, Generatoren, Akkumulatoren Springer, Berlin, Pages 360, 1932; Ed. 2.0, und Umformen (177 circuit diagrams of Pages 378, 1960; Reprint on Demand, transformers, generators, accumulators Springer, Pages 396, 2012 and converters), Verlag Seefeld, Han- nover, Pages 159, 1930 [37] 1934

Karl Muhlbrett, Die Transformatoren Walter Kehse, Der praktische Trans­ (The transformers), Bonness & Hachfeld, formatorenbau (The practical transform- Potsdam-Leipzig, Pages 140, 1930 er construction), Enke, Stuttgart, Pages 109, 1934 1931 M-Sammelliste 1934. Maschinen und Emil Kosack, Schaltungsbuch für Transformatoren (M-Collection list Figure 2. Der praktische Transformatorenbau, Gleich- und Wechselstromanlagen. 1934. Machines and transformers), Sie- Walter Kehse www.transformers-magazine.com 95 COLUMN

The purpose of the compilation of published Transformator. Versuche zur Elek- trizitätslehre. (The demountable trans- books on power transformers is to give a former. Attempts to study electricity.), historical summary on the topic, which may Lax, Hildesheim, Pages 210, 1949 also be useful to other specialists in their Karl Muttersbach, Feststellung und Be- research seitigung von Fehlern an elektrischen Maschinen Transformatoren und Geräten (Detection and elimination of faults in electrical machines, transformers 1938 transformers List T I. Edition 1939), Koch and devices), Ed.4.0, Fachverlag, Frank- & Sterzel, Dresden, Pages 40, 1939 furt, Pages 158, 1949 Karl Bolte, Rudolf Kuchler, Transforma- toren mit Stufenregelung unter Last: Wilhelm Schäfer, Transformatoren, Rudolf Richter, Kurzes Lehrbuch der Theorie, Aufbau, Anwendung (Trans- Sammlung Göschen Band 952 (Trans- Elektrischen Maschinen (Short textbook formers with On-Load Tap-Changers: formers, Göschen Collection Volume on electrical machines), Springer, Berlin, Theory, construction and application), 952), de Gruyter, Berlin, Pages 127, 1939; Pages 400, 1949 R. Oldenbourg, Munchen-Berlin, Pages Ed.2.0, 1949 182, 1938 1950 1940 Paul - Eduard Klein, Transformatoren W. Kehse, Handbuch des Transforma- und Drosseln: Theorie, Bau und Berech- Milan Vidmar, Transformatoren - torenbaus (Manual of transformer con- nung (Transformers with On-Load Kurzschluse, Sammlung Vieweg 118 struction), Enke, Stuttgart, Pages 380, Tap-Changers: theory, construction, ap- (Transformers – under short circuit, 1950 plication), Ed. 2.0, J. Schneider, Berlin, Vieweg 118 collection), Braunschweig, Pages 88, 1934; Ed. 3.0, Pages 128, 1938 Pages 136, 1940; Ed. 2.0, 1954 Franz Unger, Bemessung von Trans­ formatoren (Dimensioning of transform- Fritz Raskop, Isolierlacke, deren Eigen- 1944 ers), Wang Chong, Shanghai / China, Pag- schaften und Anwendung in der Elek- es 28, 1950 trotechnik, insbesondere im Elektro- G. Haberland, Wechselstrommaschinen. maschinen- und Transformatorenbau Transformatoren und Stromrichter. (AC 1951 (Insulating varnishes, their properties machines. Transformers and converters.), and application in electrical engineering, M. Janecke, Leipzig, Pages 191, 1944 Adalbert Varduhn, Walter Nell, Hand- especially in electrical machine and trans- buch der Elektrotechnik, Band 1, Grun- former construction), Krayn, Berlin, Pag- 1945 dlagen der Elektrotechnik, Elektrische es VII+132, 1938 Maschinen, Transformatoren, Strom- Milan Vidmar, Transformazion und En- richter, Kondensatoren, Akkumulatoren Friedrich Riepenber, Praktische Anlei- ergieubertragung (Transformation and (Manual of electrical engineering, Volume tung zur Instandsetzung von Elektro- energy transfer), Kleinmeyer u. Bamberg, 1, Basics of electrical engineering, electri- maschinen und Transformatoren sowie Laibach, Pages 754, 1945 cal machines, transformers, converters, zur Herstellung von Elektromaschinen- wicklungen und Transformatorenwick- 1948 lungen (Practical instructions for the repair of electrical machines and trans- Herbert Kunze, Netz- und Kleintransfor- formers as well as for the production of matoren (Large and small transformers), electrical machine windings and trans- Deutscher Funk-Verlag, Berlin, Pages 40, former windings), F. Klett, Berlin, Pages 1948 [44-46] 175, 1938; Pages 192, 1940; Ed. 5.0, Pages 182, 1947 [43] Fritz Raskop, Das Elektromaschinen- bauer-Handwerk. Instandsetzung, 1939 Neuwicklung und Umbau elektrischer Maschinen, Transformatoren und Ap- Richard Elsner, Zur Theorie des schwi- parate. (The electrical engineering trade. ngungsfreien Drehstromtransformators Repair, new development, and conversion (The theory of the vibration-free three- of electrical machines, transformers and phase transformer), Special print from apparatus.), Ed.2.0, Cram, Berlin, Pages Springer, Berlin, Pages 23, 1939 384, 1948; Ed.3.0, 1949 [47,48]

Niederspannungs-Transformatoren 1949 Liste T I. Ausgabe 1939 (Low voltage Figure 3. Handbuch der Elektrotechnik, J. Friedrich, H. Kroncke, Der zerlegbare Adalbert Varduhn and Walter Nell

96 TRANSFORMERS MAGAZINE | Volume 8, Issue 1 | 2021 capacitors, accumulators), Fachbuchver- er­-Transformatoren-Generatoren-Akkumula­ current on 7 May, 2020 lag, Leipzig, Pages 333, 1951 [49] tor­en-Umformen/5870512200/bd, current on 7 May, 2020 [44] https://www.booklooker.de/B%C3% BCcher/Angebote/autor=Herbert+Kun- Bibliography [38] https://www.zvab.com/servlet/Book­ ze, current on 7 May, 2020 DetailsPL?bi=19450779965&searchurl= [26] https://www.booklooker.de/B%C3% hl%3Don%26sortby%3D20%26tn%3Dd [45] https://www.booklooker.de/B%C3% BCcher/Angebote/autor=Kotschi+Franz, er%2Btransformator&cm_sp=snippet-_- BCcher/Angebote/titel=Netz-+und current on 7 May, 2020 srp1-_-title3, current on 7 May, 2020 +Kleintransformatoren, current on 7 May, 2020 [27] https://www.booklooker.de/B%C3% [39] https://www.abebooks.de/servlet/ BCcher/Angebote/titel=Der+Transfor- SearchResults?an=paul%20werners&cm_ [46] https://www.booklooker.de/B%C3% mator+bei+tiefen+Temperaturen+Ar- sp=det-_-bdp-_-author, current on 7 May, BCcher/Angebote/verlag=Deutscher+- beit+zur+Erlangung+der+W%C3%B- 2020 Funk-Verlag, current on 7 May, 2020 Crde+eines, current on 7 May, 2020 [40] https://www.booklooker.de/B%C3% [47] https://www.booklooker.de/B%C3% [28] https://www.worldcat.org/search?q= BCcher/Angebote/autor=F+J+Gemmert, BCcher/Angebote/titel=Das+Elektro- au%3ARaskop%2C+Fritz.&qt=hot_au- current on 7 May, 2020 maschinenbauer-Handwerk+Instand- thor, current on 7 May, 2020 setzung+Neuwicklung+und+Um- [41] https://www.booklooker.de/B%C3% bau+elektrischer+Maschinen, current on [29] https://www.zvab.com/servlet/Book BCcher/Angebote/titel=Transformator 7 May, 2020 DetailsPL?bi=30385315695&search +Starkstrom+-+Schwachstrom, current url=an%3Draskop%26hl%3Don%26sort on 7 May, 2020 [48] https://www.booklooker.de/B%C3% by%3D20%26tn%3Dkatechismus%2B- BCcher/Angebote/verlag=Berlin+Tech- fuer%2Bdie%2Bankerwickelei&cm_sp= [42] https://www.booklooker.de/B%C3%­ nischer+Verlag+Herbert+Cram+2 snippet-_-srp1-_-title3, current on 7 May, BC­cher­/FJ-Gemmert+Transform­ator- +Auflage+1948, current on 7 May, 2020 2020 Starkstrom-Schwachstrom/id/A01pk- v1D01ZZw, current on 7 May, 2020 [49] https://www.abebooks.de/servlet/ [30] https://www.booklooker.de/B%C3% SearchResults?an=varduhn%20adalbert BCcher/Angebote/autor=Heinrich [43] https://www.booklooker.de/B%C3% %20walter&cm_sp=det-_-bdp-_-author, +Keller, current on 7 May, 2020 BCcher/Angebote/autor=Fritz+Raskop, current on 7 May, 2020

[31] https://www.booklooker.de/B%C3% BCcher/Angebote/titel=Zur+Kenntnis +von+Transformatoren%C3%B6l+ Dissertation, current on 7 May, 2020 Authors Vitaly Gurin graduated from Kharkov Polytechnic [32] https://www.abebooks.de/servlet/ Institute (1962) and graduate school at the Leningrad SearchResults?an=wotruba%20rudolf Polytechnic Institute. Candidate of technical sciences &cm_sp=det-_-bdp-_-author, current on in the Soviet scientific system (1970). For 30 years he 7 May, 2020 tested transformers up to 1.150 kV at ZTZ, including the largest one of that time in Europe, and statistically [33] https://www.google.com.ua/search? analysed the test results. For over 25 years he was the Ex- hl=uk&tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=inauthor:%22 ecutive Director of Trafoservis Joint-Stock Company in Rudolf+Wotruba%22, current on 7 May, Sofia (the diagnosis, repair and modernisation in the operating conditions 2020 of transformers 20 – 750 kV). He has authored about 150 publications in Russian and Bulgarian, and is the main co-author of GOST 21023. [34] https://www.google.com.ua/search? hl=uk&tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=inau- thor:%22Adalbert+Stifter%22, current on P. Ramachandran started his career in transformer in- 7 May, 2020 dustry in 1966 at TELK, Kerala, a Hitachi Joint venture, in India. He worked with ABB India during 1999-2020. [35] https://www.zvab.com/servlet/Search He has more than 50 years of experience in the design Results?an=roller%20ernst%20pricks%20 and engineering of power products including power helmut&cm_sp=det-_-bdp-_-author, transformers, bushings, and tap-changers. He received current on 7 May, 2020 Bachelor of Science Degree in Electrical Engineering from the University of Kerala, India, and Master of Busi- [36] https://www.springer.com/gp/book/ ness Administration Degree from Cochin University, India. He is a Fellow of 9783662002520, current on 7 May, 2020 Institution of Engineers (India), and he represented India in CIGRE Study Committee A2 for transformers during 2002 – 2010. [37] https://www.zvab.com/177-Schaltbild­ www.transformers-magazine.com 97