Large Outdoor Fires and the Built Environment (LOF&BE): Summary of Workshop at Interflam 2019

NIST Special Publication 1241

Sponsored by the International Association for Fire Safety Science (IAFSS)

Samuel L. Manzello Sara McAllister Sayaka Suzuki Raphaele Blanchi Elsa Pastor Enrico Ronchi

This publication is available free of charge from: https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.SP.1241 NIST Special Publication 1241

Large Outdoor Fires and the Built Environment (LOF&BE): Summary of Workshop at Interflam 2019

Samuel L. Manzello Fire Research Division, Engineering Laboratory Sara McAllister U.S. Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Missoula, MT USA Sayaka Suzuki National Research Institute of Fire and Disaster, Chofu, Tokyo, Japan Raphaele Blanchi Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Melbourne, Australia Elsa Pastor Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain Enrico Ronchi Lund University, Lund, Sweden

This publication is available free of charge from: https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.SP.1241

August 2019

U.S. Department of Commerce Wilbur L. Ross, Jr., Secretary

National Institute of Standards and Technology Walter Copan, NIST Director and Under Secretary of Commerce for Standards and Technology Certain commercial entities, equipment, or materials may be identified in this document in order to describe an experimental procedure or concept adequately. Such identification is not intended to imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor is it intended to imply that the entities, materials, or equipment are necessarily the best available for the purpose.

The content of the oral presentations reproduced in this workshop report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent NIST’s perspective.

National Institute of Standards and Technology Special Publication 1241 Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. Spec. Publ. 1241, 21 pages (August 2019) CODEN: NSPUE2

This publication is available free of charge from: https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.SP.1241

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Introduction Introduction é

Amanda Kimball (Fire Protection Research Foundation/NFPA, USA) USA) Foundation/NFPA, Research Protection (Fire Kimball Amanda Russia) University, Polytechnic Petersburg Saint Great the (Peter Kuznetov Egor UAE) (Arup, Susan Lamont Tuula Hak Japan) (TSV, Hayakawa Testuya USA) Safety, Home & for Business Institute (Insurance Hedayati Faraz USA) International, (GBH Hirschler Marcelo Sweden) (Brandskyddslaget, McNamee Jannson Robert Norway) AS, (Securo Jensen Geir Merlyn Ferrer (Design Fire Consultants, UK) UK) Consultants, Fire (Design Ferrer Merlyn A Services, and Emergency Fire (Queensland Justin Francis Canada) University, (York John Gales (AGANNstFire Gann Richard Canada) Canada, Council (National Research Gomaa Islaam Explosives, USA) & Tobacco, Firearms of Alcohol, (Bureau Gratkowski Mark UK) Strategies, (Movement Gwynne Steve Piergiacomo Can Piergiacomo Ren Italy) S.R.I., (Arson Cocchi Giovanni ( Cosh Bernard Falkenstein Ryan Mikalsen Fjellgaard Ragni Danielle Antonellis (Arup, UK (Arup, Antonellis Danielle Agarwal Gaurav Beshir Mohamed Nelson UK) Investigation, (Fire Burroughs Mike Sweden Technology, of University (Lulea Bystrom Alexandra *denotes speaker speaker *denotes 1.3. 1.2. the (LOF&BE) group fire on safety science. conferences thefocused two largest and Interflam, IAFSS 1.1. The International Association for Fire SafetyScience (

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of 60 ,

where each of the three with an introductory presentation Phase 3, each subgroup the 3, each on productsPhase will to work address

Baptist - Summary otal aspect aspect and standards, best practices, and current research for the 2, each subgroup will attempt to identify the codes gaps and amongst st codes and standards, called Canada, Canada, Denmark, Sweden began direction of the and group. focus the overall LOF&BE is divided into three main approaches. Specifically, Phase 1 is Jennifer Wen (Warwick University UK) University (Warwick Wen Jennifer Japan) Institute, Research Technical (Railway Yamauchi Yuki Japan) Management, and Infrastructure Land for Institute (National Yoshioka Hideki A t Sayaka Suzuki (National Research Institute of Fire and Disaster and Fire of Institute Research (National Suzuki Sayaka Jean Troiroseh Juergen Sweden) University, Hees (Lund van Patrick USA) Global, (FM Wang Yi ( Webb Alex Lindsay Ranger (FP Innovations, Canada) Canada) (FP Innovations, Ranger Lindsay Sweden) University, (Lund Ronchi Enrico UK) Edinburgh, of (University Rush David USA) University, State Carolina (North Shinde Adhiraj (INBEPO Smardz Pitor Steen Anne Elsa Pastor Elsa Pastor USA) Consulting, Pauls (Jake Pauls Jake ( Pretel Hugues Sta Carolina (North Probert Chandler Italy) Fuoco, Vigili del dei Nazionale (Corpo Puccia Vincenzo ( Rambaud Guillaume Frank Mar Frank Russia) University, Polytechnic Petersburg Saint Great the (Peter Markus Ekaterina Mathy Bertrand USA) Service, Forest (USDA McAllister Sara Sweden) University, (Lund McNamee Margaret London, UK) College (Imperial Mitchell Harry Brian Lattimer (Virginia Tech (Virginia Brian Lattimer (Nati Leventon Isaac (Tal Liblik Johanna USA) Commission, Safety Products Consumer (U.S. Lock Andrew Technology and of Standards Institute (National L. Manzello Samuel

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Acknowledgments Acknowledgments

The support of the appreciated The LOF&BE team plan to use these these valuable will suggestions be going forward. most help to be held Canada. in Waterloo, meeting In particular,        The following is a list of key discussion points: is a list of following key The   At present, all three subgroups are still working in Phase 1, so the audience was queried as each that the progress subgroup is achieving to this end. was decided also the by It LOF&BE free discussion.a flowing up the floor to for open team

This publication is available free of charge from: https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.SP.1241

) The

NIST

(Interscience (Interscience

off Workshop, -

Sue Wolf atrick atrick Van Hees of Lund

Ms. . stor, E., and Ronchi, E., (2019 Pa

Blanchi, R.,

4 Conference Chair),

Leigh Leigh Peach (Fire Testing Technology, UK).

- constant constant support. SLM would like to thank both Drs. Suzuki, S., Teri

Interflam Interflam

for his Ms.

https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.SP.1236

resident resident McAllister, S.,

would also like to personally thank Professor P Fires and the Built Environment: Summary of Kick

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lam f Manzell eferences eferences Large Outdoor Special Publication 1236 Grayson Grayson and Van Hees for Inter making the integration of the IAFSS LOF&BE effort R into [1] (Interscience (Interscience Communications; Communications, UK), and LOF&BE team University, IAFSS P

This publication is available free of charge from: https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.SP.1241

5 Presentations Delivered at the Workshop at the Delivered Presentations ppendix A: A

This publication is available free of charge from: https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.SP.1241 What LOF&BE means? Large Outdoor Fire and the Built Environment Large Outdoor Fires and the Built Environment (LOF&BE) (LOF&BE) IAFSS Permanent Working Group Wildland fires (or forest fires)*, wildland-urban interface (WUI) fires, urban fires**, and informal settlement fires, Samuel L. Manzello1,2,3, Sara McAllister4 and Sayaka Suzuki3 which pose a threat to people Discussed in Lund workshop National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), USA1 Building Research Institute (BRI), Japan2 *Wildland fires also include (but not limited to) Wildfires, Bushfires, Mountain National Research Institute of Fire and Disaster (NRIFD), Japan3 USDA Forest Service, USA4 fires, Grassland fires, Veld fires; depending on location [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; ** Urban fires include post-earthquake fires

Spain(2017) Siberia, Russia (2015) Introduction Alberta, Canada (2016) • Over the past several decades, fire safety science research has spent a great deal of effort to understand fire dynamics within buildings

Korea (2019) California, USA (2017) • Research into large outdoor fires, and how to potentially mitigate Portugal the loss of structures in such fires, lags behind other areas of fire (2017) safety science research

Japan (2016) California, USA (2018) Philippines (2017) • Large outdoor fires affect many people in the world directly and indirectly, both short term and long term (e.g. evacuation, losing property, losing loved ones, breathing products of combustion)

South Africa (2018) Chile (2014) Australia (2013)

Workshop & Summary Paper Some Important Problems?

• 2017 IAFSS workshop – look at problem from global • Fire spread in Large Outdoor fires perspective (Asia view, Oceania view, European view, • Very complex - interaction of topography, weather, vegetation, and structures North American view, South American view) • Structure-structure fire spread can occur under similar mechanisms as in urban fire spread as well as WUI fire spread • Workshop Summary paper published in Fire Safety • Impact on fire and smoke on climate and health Journal (adding Africa view) • Long term and short term effect • Large outdoor firefighting • Structure/Urban firefighting PPE and tactics different than wildland fire • Overview of the large outdoor fire risk to the built firefighting PPE and tactics; what needs to be done for WUI fire fighting? environment from each region presented • Emergency management strategies • How or when or whether to evacuate • Critical research needs for this problem in the context of fire safety science are provided

6 IAFSS Permanent Working Group General Approach • IRC develop scientific basis for new standard testing methodologies indicative of large outdoor fire exposures, • Phase 1 Collect information develop necessary testing methodologies to characterize • Codes and standards wildland fuel treatments adjacent to communities • Best practices • EME develop scientific basis for effective emergency • Current research management strategies for communities exposed to large outdoor fires • LOFF review various tactics used, as well as various personal • Phase 2 Identify the ‘Gaps’ protective equipment (PPE), and suggest pathways for research • Among codes and standards community engagement, including environmental issues in • Among codes and standards and current research suppressing these fires • Among current research

The overall objectives are to bring • Phase 3 Work on ‘Products’ solving the Gaps full depth of knowledge of the IAFSS community to work on these priority topics

IAFSS 2020 Plans Acknowledgement

• LOF&BE workshop • All the WG members

• WG (sub-groups)’ efforts on Phase 1 will be presented

• We hope to get feedback from you! (which we call a part of Phase 2)

If you would like to join WG, please sign up from the link below or QR codes;

https://goo.gl/forms/0TMW2SbWi7mmHYIv1

Program Time: June 20th 2019 (Sun) 2 PM – 4 PM Location: 1st Floor at Windsor Building Time Title Speaker 2:00-2:15 Introduction S. Manzello, S. McAllister, S. Suzuki 2:15-2:30 LOFF R. Blanchi / S. McAllister

2:30-2:45 IRC E. Pastor

2:45-3:00 EME E. Ronchi

3:00-4:00 Open Discussion All participants

7 Large Outdoor Firefighting – LOFF • General aim To develop the scientific basis for wildland/WUI fires/urban fires firefighter safety. First, including personal protective equipment (PPE), health and environmental issues in suppressing these fires. Later, various Firefighting tactics that are used, pathways for research community engagement. Photo : Bushfire CRC Large Outdoor Fires and the Built Environment working group - Large Outdoor Firefighting – LOFF Sara McAllister (USDA) / Raphaele Blanchi (CSIRO)

LAND & WATER

INTERFLAM– Workshop 30/06/2019 2 | Presentation title | Presenter name

Type of firefighters survey Summary firefighters survey by countries • Survey : 37 persons from 16 countries Type of firefighters Number of countries Only one kind - our Structure firefighter (who work firefighters work for both for urban fires) and wildland Structure firefighter, 1 type of firefighters: Firefighters work for both urban 11 urban and wildland (or firefighters (who works for wildland firefighter, and and wildland (or forest) fires Countries forest) fires wildland or forest fires) WUI firefighter 2 types of firefighters: Structure firefighters (who work 5 Australia X for urban fires) and wildland firefighters (who works for Canada X wildland or forest fires)

3 types of firefighters: Structure firefighters, wildland 0 China X firefighters, and WUI firefighters France X Greece X • We would like to thanks Anthony Collin, Ashruf Syed, Amjid hussein Gulamhussein, Indonesia X Sébastien Lahaye, Guillermo Rein, Alex Filkov, Faraz Hedayati, Luís Mario Ribeiro, Daniel India X Gorham, Hubert Biteau, Len Garis, Adi Putra, Darlene Rini, Dionysios Kolaitis, Ya-Ting T. Israel X Liao, Kuibin, Gordon Anderson, Ryan Falkenstein-Smith, Eric Link, Juan Antonio Muñoz, Japan X Elsa Pastor, Nuria Prat-Guitart, Xinyan Huang, Yu Wang, Enrico Ronchi and all the other Kenya X members that have replied to the survey Malaysia X Portugal X Spain X Sweden X

3 | Presentation title | Presenter name United4 | Presentation Kingdom title | Presenter name X USA X

Protection of firefighters - PPE Progress PPE • Depend on country : Structure FF only or Wildland and Structure FF Background • Plethora of regulations and Standards • Protection of firefighter is an important aspect of firefighter safety in Type of fires PPE objectives Standards/ guidelines (example) wildland fire, urban fire and WUI fire where both the wildlands and Wildland fire - Protect from low to medium fire International Standards Organization (ISO) - PPE (ISO/DIS 16073- exposure 1) under development the structures are involved ISO TC94 SC14 (21 Standards on Firefighters' personal - Long shift and hard work equipment)

Objectives Need: Europe: EN 15614:2007, Protective clothing for firefighters • Develop a framework for this new ->Adequate protection to reduce USA: NFPA 1977, Standard on Protective Clothing and Equipment the exposure to heat and adequate for Wildland Fire Fighting, 2016 current Edition combined wildland/structure fire ventilation to reduce heat stress exposure, to assess PPE Source NSW fire service ->Protection from injury requirements Urban fires - Protect from high thermal International Protective clothing (ISO 11613:2017) exposure (flame and excessive ISO TC94 SC14 (21 Standards on Firefighters' personal equipment) • Establish a network between fire heat) researchers and fire managers for USA: American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) – F23 Need: protective clothing discussion and exchange National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) - Fire and emergency ->Adequate protection and services protective clothing - NFPA 1971- Standard on Protective ventilation Ensembles for Structural Fire Fighting and Proximity Fire Fighting ->Protect from injury (current edition 2018) ->Protect from smoke (toxic gas) European Committee for Standardization How? (CEN) - EN 1486:2007, Protective clothing for firefighters ->Protect from liquid/chemicals ✓Develop a repository for Source NSW fire service Australia: AS/NZS 4967:2009 inventories of PPE (both WUI fires -Protect from mixed exposure CAL FIRE Wildland Urban Interface Book and Operating Principles Book 5 | Presentation title | Presenter name 6 | Presentation title | Presenter name international and local Standards) Source: National Park Service

8 Research on firefighter PPE (wildland and urban fire) Protection of fire fighters - Health • Research on textile resistant to flame, ventilation physiology and heat Background management • The impact of large outdoor fires smoke • Right balance between thermal protection and reducing heat stress and on health is an increasing concern optimum comfort (eg McQuerry et al. 2015) • Textile characteristics (e.g. wildland fire fighters) Objectives • Better understanding of smoke contents • Radiative Protective Performance (resistance to flame, radiation): reasonable and smoke dispersion to inform potential maximum exposure around 7kW/m2 (NFPA 1977 revised) human exposure (for people at risk). • Total Heat Loss (ventilation): 450 watts per square meter (W/m2 ) (NFPA 1977) Consider smoke impact for fire suppression strategies and for fires in • Other considerations: different environments (e.g. forest, grass, • Strength, resist penetration by liquid, peat, urban interface). visibility • Other health effects (fatigue,…) • Performance, weight, ergonomy, design, durability, flexibility How? • Care/Maintenance Step 1 Develop a repository presenting a summary of knowledge on smoke exposure and health impact on fire fighters in • Helmet, gloves, boot, face mask different scenarios (urban fires, wildfires,

7 | Presentation title | Presenter name WUI8 | Presentation fires, title prescribed | Presenter name burning).

Progress health – smoke exposure Progress health – smoke exposure (continued) Type of Smoke exposure and health effect Studies examples Type of fires Smoke exposure and Document/ Studies examples fires health effect

Smoke exposure depend on: Australia: Urban fires Smoke exposure : urban fuels ISO TC92/SC3/WG6 ISO/TC 92/SC 3 Fire threat to people and Wildland environment -Fire and fuels characteristics (wildland fuels) Measurement of firefigter exposure to bushfire and fire Pollutants of concerns: 19 Standards – Examples: -Duration and intensity of fires prescribed burning smoke: CO, formaldehyde, acrolein, ISO 13571:2012 -Smoke distribution (wind and topography) E.g. Reisen, F., & Brown, S. K. (2009) Reisen et al. (2011) hydrogen chloride, hydrogen Life-threatening components of fire -- Guidelines for the estimation -Pollutants, example: cyanide (HCN), hydrogen of time to compromised tenability in fires • Carbon monoxide Mediterranean Europe: Characterising the health effects sulphide, hydrogen fluoride, ISO/TR 13571-2:2016 • Respirable particles (long-term and short-term) of the exposure to fire smoke benzene, nitrogen dioxide, Life-threatening components of fire -- Part 2: Methodology and • Aldehydes in firefighters that perform prescribed burns. Aldea et al. sulphur dioxide and polycyclic examples of tenability assessment • VOCs aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) France: Studies example : Health effects: Smoke exposure of firefighters during prescribed burning: Health effects: Health hazards of firefighters: exposure assessment Brandt-Rauf et ->Short term E.g. Lahaye (2011); Barboni et al. (2010) ->Short term al. (1988) ; Austin et al (2001) ->Long term effect ->Long term effect USA: Review of the health effects of wildland fire smoke on WUI fires Smoke exposure: Australia: wildland firefighters: Adetona et al. (2016) - Mix natural and synthetics fuel such as wildland, combustible Emissions from the combustion of major material presents in and material from structure, house around houses: Measurements of smoke exposure among wildland contents, vehicles E.g. Reisen, F. (2011); Reisen, F., Bhujel, M., & Leonard, J. (2014) firefighters: E.g. Materna et al. (1992), Reinhardt, T. E. and Ottmar, R. Assessment fire exposures to the complex mixture of toxic air D., (2004). Health effects: pollutants at the rural-urban interface and the likely health risks: ->Short term Borgas, M. S., & Reisen, F. (2013) ->Long term effect 9 | Presentation title | Presenter name 10 | Presentation title | Presenter name

Environmental impacts Background Future direction • Consequences of fires suppression on the environment is an increasing concern Objectives • Environmental effect of suppressing those fires • Collecting information Documents Summary • Summary of knowledge on: ISO TC92/SC3/WG6 ISO/TC 92/SC 3 Fire threat to people and Standards and Technical Reports • PPE environment outlining methods to assess the 19 Standards in SC3 – WG6 Examples: environmental impact of fires • Crew Protection System ISO 26367-1:2011 (new edition expected 2020, approved June 2019) Guidelines for assessing the adverse environmental impact of fire effluents • Smoke exposure and health impact on firefighters ISO 19677:2019 Guidelines for assessing the adverse impact of wildland fires on the environment • Environmental impacts • Other topics to include (Fire fighting tactics, Various firefighting Martin D., Tomida M., Meacham B. (2016) Environmental Review of current work and presentation of Impact of Fire, Fire Science Reviews. framework to quantify environmental tactics are used globally to respond to large outdoor fires impacts of fire (including large outdoor fires) (wildfires, structure fires or fires that have reached the WUI, Amon F., Gehandler J., Incident commandment system, communication….) ? McNamee R., McNamee M., Methodology (excel based) Vilic A. (2019) Measuring the to determine the impact of fire on the environmental impact of environment (Fire Impact selected tactical choices in Tool, version 1) firefighting

11 | Presentation title | Presenter name 12 | Presentation title | Presenter name Sources : Margaret McNamee

9 Thank you

Acknowledgement: we would like to thank all the LOFF members for their participation. A special thank you to Margaret McNamee and Fabienne Reisen for their help with the presentation

Sara McAllister/Raphaele Blanchi e [email protected] [email protected] w www.csiro.au

LAND &WATER

10 IRC

Outline Large Outdoor Fires and the Built Environment Working Group ITERFLAM

- 1. Background IGNITION RESISTANT 2. Objectives and methodology COMMUNITIES - IRC 3. Work progress

Elsa Pastor  Standards Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya  Fire exposure  Fuel treatments

Royal Halloway University of London – Egham June 30, 2019 INT. CONF. ON FIRE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING ENGINEERING ANDON SCIENCE FIRE CONF. INT.

TH 15 IAFSS “Large Outdoor Fires and the Built Environment” the Workshop OutdoorBuilt Satellite and Fires Environment” “Large IAFSS 2

IRC IRC

Background Objectives and methodology

• Hardening structures is essential to decrease homes losses. To develop the scientific basis for new standard testing methodologies indicative of large outdoor fire exposures, including the development of

ITERFLAM • Building codes and standards already exist. However, current large outdoor fire ITERFLAM

- - necessary testing methodologies to characterize wildland fuel

events are revealing important weaknesses in standard testing methodologies. AIM treatments adjacent to communities  Are levels of hardening adequately established?

 Are large outdoor fire exposures properly captured in codes and standards? IRC – 1. Regulatory Framework and standards survey

 What is working/not working in the current regulatory framework?  What is missing in current codes and standards?

IRC – 2. Fire exposure characterization

 What kind of data do we have? Experiments? Real fires? TOPICS  What kind of data we don’t have but we need?

IRC – 3. Effectiveness of fuel treatments at the WUI

INT. CONF. ON FIRE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING ENGINEERING ANDON SCIENCE FIRE CONF. INT. Mati (Greece) WUI fire ENGINEERING ANDON SCIENCE FIRE CONF. INT.  Have current regulations been proved efficient? July 2018 TH © David Caballero TH  What type of tools/models are adequate? 15 15 IAFSS “Large Outdoor Fires and the Built Environment” the Workshop OutdoorBuilt Satellite and Fires Environment” “Large IAFSS the Workshop OutdoorBuilt Satellite and Fires Environment” “Large IAFSS Image IRC 2. 3 Source: Valérie Gache, AFP. Greece WUI Fires 2018 4

IRC IRC

Objectives and methodology Work progress – Topic 1 – Standards Survey

To develop the scientific basis for new standard testing methodologies 1. Documentation gathering indicative of large outdoor fire exposures, including the development of ITERFLAM ITERFLAM

- necessary testing methodologies to characterize wildland fuel - Country Document AIM treatments adjacent to communities Australia • AS-1530.8 – 2007 – Part 1 • AS-1530.8 – 2007 – Part 2 • AS-3959 – 2018 Data • NASH 2014 collection United States • Cal. Building Code, Ch 7A

• Cal. Fire Code Ch49 WUI Fire Areas • Cal. St Fire Marshal Test St 7A1 – 7A-4 Analysis • ASTMs: E2726, E2632, E2707, E2886, E108, E119, E84 Japan • Building Standard Law Research • Roof testing standard gaps France • XP CEN/TS1187 - 2014 Canada • FireSmart Guidebook - Alberta

International • NFPA 1144 METHODOLOGY  Linear and parallel workflows in the three topics • ICC-IWUIC  3 topics (IRC-1, IRC-2, IRC-3) interconnected • FM Global – Prop. Loss. Prev DS

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Large outdoor fires and the Built Environment Background IAFSS group Workshop at Interflam 2019 Why an emergency management and evacuation sub-group?

Investigate strategies used around the Emergency Management and world for emergency management in case Evacuation sub-group updates of large outdoor fires Key issues ENRICO RONCHI, PhD wikimedia.org • Evacuation vs stay and defend • Different locations (e.g., WUI, city, informal settlements, Associate Professor etc.) Department of Fire Safety Engineering • Different populations (e.g., number, cultural issues, Lund University, Sweden history of fires, etc.) [email protected] • Local/global conditions/variables

Overall EMEvac activities Ongoing literature review

We want to understand what we know Understanding of the problem (and what we do not know) • Literature review (ongoing) Collecting available literature. Sorted by • Development of standard templates for analysis (ongoing) 1) Data/Survey/Interviews [19 papers] • Review of case studies (ongoing) 2) Evacuation modelling [29 papers] 3) HB and recommendations [17 papers] Analysis of the problem 4) Non-fire relevant lit [19 papers] • Inventory of strategies/regulatory frameworks (planned) 5) Case studies (to be developed) • Inventory of tools (planned) • Gaps, research roadmap, assessment of strategies/tools If you are aware of relevant material, please join us! (planned) Enrico Ronchi – Lund University Enrico Ronchi – Lund University

Case studies Case studies

Issues that have been identified Solution •Inconsistencies in reported information •Standard template for the review of cases worldwide to ensure consistency (modified version •Reliability of sources (e.g. news, etc.) based on earlier work by Ronchi et al, 2017) •Variability in evacuation scenarios (WUI fires, city •Ongoing work to build a database on LOF&BE fires, informal settlement fires, etc.) evacuation scenarios •Difficult to retrieve information •Peer review each other cases •Need for an overview on evacuation cases •Members’ participation to help building this up worldwide

Ronchi, E., Rein, G., Gwynne, S., Wadhwani, R., Intini, P., & Bergstedt, A. (2017). e-Sanctuary: Open Multi-Physics Framework for Modelling Wildfire Urban Evacuation. Quincy, MA (USA): Fire Protection Research Foundation. Enrico Ronchi – Lund University Enrico Ronchi – Lund University

14 Case studies Case studies collected so far Case studies Case studies collected so far

Case study Year Country Type of fire Who reported this case? Case study Year Country Type of fire Who reported this case? Laerdalsoyri 2014 Norway Urban Martin Kristoffersen San Diego 2007 USA Wildfire/WUI Ronchi et al Atlas 2017 USA Wildfire/WUI Stephen Wong La Gomera 2012 Spain Wildfire/WUI Ronchi et al Camp 2018 USA Wildfire/WUI Stephen Wong Victoria 2009 Australia Wildfire/WUI Ronchi et al Carr 2018 USA Wildfire/WUI Stephen Wong Madeira 2016 Portugal Wildfire/WUI Ronchi et al Hill 2018 USA Wildfire/WUI Stephen Wong Cadiz 2016 Spain Wildfire/WUI Sandra Vaiciulyte Nuns 2017 USA Wildfire/WUI Stephen Wong Colorado Springs 2012 USA Wildfire/WUI Maria Theodori Ranch 2018 USA Wildfire/WUI Stephen Wong Gatlinburg 2016 USA Wildfire/WUI Maria Theodori River 2018 USA Wildfire/WUI Stephen Wong Nelson 2019 New Zealand Wildfire/WUI Ruggiero Lovreglio Tubbs 2017 USA Wildfire/WUI Stephen Wong Creek 2017 USA Wildfire/WUI Stephen Wong Woolsey 2018 USA Wildfire/WUI Stephen Wong Rye 2017 USA Wildfire/WUI Stephen Wong Itoigawa 2016 Japan Urban Tomoaki Nishino & Sayaka Suzuki Skirball 2017 USA Wildfire/WUI Stephen Wong Swinley 2011 UK Wildfire/WUI Harry Mitchell Thomas 2017 USA Wildfire/WUI Stephen Wong Dalarna/Jämtland/Gävlaborg 2018 Sweden Wildfire/WUI Johanna Fransson British Columbia 2017 Canada Wildfire/WUI Chunyun Ma Västmanland 2014 Sweden Wildfire/WUI Ronchi et al Haifa 2016 USA Wildfire/WUI Ronchi et al Calci/Vicopisano 2018 Italy Wildfire/WUI Sandra Vaiciulyte Fort McMurray 2016 Canada Wildfire/WUI Ronchi et al Okanagan 2003 Canada Wildfire/WUI Ronchi et al

Case studies More case studies? Case studies

Constantly growing (31 cases so far) with help of EMEvac Goal members… - Build a broad knowledge on LOF&BE evacuation cases worldwide Case study Year Country Type of fire Who reported this case? - Collect a constantly growing number of cases … … … … … … … … … … - Expand the number of scenarios (e.g. informal settlements, … … … … … unconventional evacuation means) - Expand number of regions covered - Improve the template (log of comments of people filling in the …more case studies are welcome template) - Have a living database of the EMEvac group that can grow and improve over time

Enrico Ronchi – Lund University Enrico Ronchi – Lund University

Next steps for IAFSS2020 Further long term goals •Proceed with case study database building • Build a research roadmap on EMEvac based on consolidated knowledge •Provide an overview on the case studies • Development of test case scenario(s) to evaluate the reviewed capabilities and limitations of existing tools to aid emergency management •Template development for other issues • Enhancement of accessibility of existing and future evacuation (e.g. model reviews, evacuation data-sets strategies/regulatory issues) • Summary of inventory of existing tools for aiding emergency management

Enrico Ronchi – Lund University Enrico Ronchi – Lund University

15 THANK YOU!

Email: [email protected]

Enrico Ronchi – Lund University