DOCSLIB.ORG

Myers' PSYCHOLOGY Psychological Disorders

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Myers' PSYCHOLOGY Psychological Disorders Myers’ PSYCHOLOGY Psychological Disorders James A. McCubbin, PhD Clemson University Worth Publishers David Rosenhan suspected that terms such as sanity, insanity, schizophrenia, mental illness, and abnormal might have fuzzier boundaries that the psychiatric community thought. He also suspected that some strange behaviors seen in mental patients might originate in the abnormal atmosphere of the mental hospital, rather than the patients themselves. Education ･AB, Yeshiva College, 1951 ･MA, Columbia University, 1953 ･PhD (psychology), Columbia University, 1958 Professor, Stanford University Dangers of Labeling David Rosenhan Rosenhan & seven associates had themselves committed to different mental hospitals Being Sane in complaining of hearing voices. All but one were Insane Places diagnosed as schizophrenic. •Once admitted, they acted totally normal. In 1973 sociologist David Rosenhan •Remained hospitalized for average 19 days (9 to designed a clever 52) study to examine the •Only the patients detected their sanity difficulty that people •When discharged their chart read, have shedding the “schizophrenia in remission” "mentally ill" label. He was particularly No professional staff member at interested in how staffs in mental any of the hospitals ever realized institutions process that any of Rosenhan’s information about patients. pseudopatients was a fraud. According to a study conducted by the National Institute of mental health: *15.4% of the population suffers from diagnosible mental health problems *56 million Americans meet the criteria for a diagnosible psychological disorder (Carson 1996, Regier 1993) *Over the lifespan, +/- 32% of Americans will suffer from some psychological disorder. (Regier1988) Normal or Abnormal? Not easy task: *Is Robin Williams normal? Marilyn Manson? *Is a soldier who risks his life or her life in combat normal? *Is a grief-stricken woman unable to return to her routine three months after her husband died normal? Is a man who climbs mountains as a hobby normal? Some abnormalities are easy: Hallucinations (false sensory experiences) Delusions (extreme disorders of thinking) Affective problems (emotion: depressed, anxious, or lack of emotion) CORE CONCEPT: Medical model: takes a “disease” view Psychology model: interaction of biological, mental, social, and behavioral factors Psychological Disorder – a “harmful dysfunction” in which behavior is judged to be: • atypical- (not enough in itself) • disturbing- (varies with time & culture) • maladaptive- (harmful) • unjustifiable- (sometimes there’s a good reason) Show THE WORLD OF ABNORMAL BEHAVIOR: #1 Looking at Abnormal Behavior #2 The Nature of Stress Carol D. Ryff argues that we must define mental illness in terms of the positive. She names 6 core dimensions: 1) Self-acceptance: positive attitude towards self multiple aspects of self positive about past life 2) Positive self relations with other people: warm, trusting, satisfying interpersonal relationships capable of empathy, affection, intimacy 3) Autonomy independent, self-determined able to resist social pressures 4) Environmental mastery: sense of mastery and competence makes good use of opportunities creates contexts that support their personal needs 5) Purpose of Life: has goals and directedness feels there is meaning to past and present life 6) Personal Growth: see oneself as growing and expanding open to new experiences change in ways that reflect self-knowledge and effectiveness Historical Perspective Perceived Causes *movements of sun or moon *lunacy- full moon *demons & evil spirits Ancient Treatments *exorcism, caged like animals, beaten, burned, castrated, mutilated, blood replaced with animal’s blood Historical Perspective Hippocrates (400 bc) *first step in scientific view of mental disturbance. *imbalance (excess) among four body fluids called “humors” Humors Origin Temperament Blood heart sanguine (cheerful) Choler (yellow bile) liver choleric (angry) Melancholer spleen melancholy (depressed) (black bile) Phlegm brain phlegmatic (sluggish) Psychological Disorders Medical Model *concept that diseases have physical causes *can be diagnosed, treated, and in most cases, cured *assumes that these “mental” illnesses can be diagnosed on the basis of their symptoms and cured through therapy, which may include treatment in a psychiatric hospital Psychological Disorders Biological (Evolution, Bio-psycho-social individual Perspective genes, brain structures *assumes that biological, and chemistry) sociocultural, and psychological factors combine and interact to produce psychological disorders Psychological (Stress, trauma, Sociocultural learned helplessness, (Roles, expectations, mood-related perceptions definition of normality and memories) and disorder) Psychological Disorders- Etiology DSM-IV-TR *American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fourth Edition) *a widely used system for classifying psychological disorders *presently distributed as DSM-IV-TR (text revision) *today used as “convenient shorthand” to avoid labeling. DSM-IV-TR organizes each psychiatric diagnosis into five levels (axes) relating to different aspects of the disorder or disability: 1) Axis 1 -- Clinical disorders including major mental disorders, as well as developmental or learning problems. Common disorders in this category include depression, bipolar, anxiety, ADHD, and schizophrenia. 2) Axis 2 -- Pervasive or personality disorders, including mental retardation. Common disorders in this category include borderline PD, schizotypal PD, narcissistic PD, antisocial PD, paranoid PD. DSM-IV-TR continued: 3) Axis 3 -- Acute medical conditions and physical disorders. Common disorders in this category include brain trauma, brain injury, brain disease.. 4) Axis 4 -- Psychosocial and environmental factors contributing to the disorder. Common factors in this category include a man suffering from depression after losing his job, or his wife dying, et. al. 5) Axis 5 -- Global Assessment of Functioning or Children’s Global Assessment Scale (under 18) Additions to DSM-IV The Insanity Defense Psychological Disorders- Etiology Neurotic disorder (term seldom used now) *usually distressing but that allows one to think rationally and function socially *Freud saw the neurotic disorders as ways of dealing with anxiety Psychotic disorder *person loses contact with reality *experiences irrational ideas and distorted perceptions PREPAREDNESS HYPOTHESIS: Suggests that we have an innate biological tendency, acquired through natural selection, to respond quickly and automatically to stimulti that posed a survival threat to our ancestors. (Ohman & Mineka, 2001) QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompres sed) decompres sor are needed to see this picture. This explains why we develop phobias for snakes and lightening more easily than others. •ANXIETY DISORDERS •MOOD DISORDERS •DISSOCIATIVE DISORDERS •SCHIZOPHRENIA •PERSONALITY DISORDERS •BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL DISORDERS •SUBSTANCE ABUSE DISORDERS •SEXUAL DISORDERS •DEVELOPMENTAL (CHILDHOOD) DISORDERS ANXIETY DISORDERS 1) PANIC DISORDER w/AGORAPHOBIA 2) GENERALIZED ANXIETY DISORDER 3) PHOBIAS a) simple b) social c) agoraphobia 4) OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER (OCD) 5) POST TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER (PTSD) 6) SOMOTOFORM a) hypochondria b) conversion (hysteria) Anxiety Disorders Anxiety Disorders *distressing, persistent anxiety or maladaptive behaviors that reduce anxiety Anxiety Disorders 1) Panic Disorder *marked by a minutes-long episode of intense dread in which a person experiences terror and accompanying chest pain, choking, racing heart, sweating, muscle- spasms, or other frightening sensations *common thinking patterns include: "I’m losing control.....” "I feel like I’m going crazy.....” "I must be having a heart attack.....” "I’m smothering and I can’t breathe.....” 1a) Panic Disorder w/Agoraphobia *fear of leaving home for fear of having a panic attack 2) Generalized Anxiety Disorder person is tense, apprehensive, and in a state of autonomic nervous system arousal *Chronic (6 months) unrealistic or excessive worry about 2 or more elements in one’s life. 3) Phobias a) Simple Excessive, irrational fear of objects or situations b) Social Persistent fear of scrutiny by others doing something humiliating (stage fright or speech phobia) c) Agoraphobia Fear of being in a place or situation with no escape. (childhood environments in which one did not feel safe) Anxiety Disorders Phobias persistent, irrational fear of a specific object or situation Ablutophobia: washing, bathing Genophobia: sex Acrophobia: heights Gynephobia: women Algophobia: pain Ichthyophobia: fish Arachibutyrophobia: peanut butter Lutraphobia: otters sticking to roof of mouth Macrophobia: long waits Caligynephobia: beautiful women Medorthophobia: erect penis Cleptophobia: stealing Parthenophobia: virgins Demophobia: crowds Pophyrophobia: color purple Ecclesiophobia: church Somniphobia: sleep Ergophobia: work Testophobia: taking a test Anxiety Disorders Common and uncommon fears 100 Percentage 90 of people 80 surveyed 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 Snakes Being Mice Flying Being SpidersThunder Being Dogs Driving Being Cats in high, on an closed in, and and alone a car In a 0 exposed airplane in a insectslightning In a crowd places small house of people place at night Afraid of it Bothers slightly Not at all afraid of it Anxiety Disorders 4) Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder *unwanted repetitive thoughts (obsessions) and/or actions
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Effects of Self-Monitoring on Examination Phobia of Computer Science Students in Nigerian Colleges of Education 1
    International Journal of u- and e- Service, Science and Technology Vol. 11, No.3 (2018), pp. 39-48 http://dx.doi.org/10.14257/ijunesst.2018.11.3.04 Effects of Self-Monitoring on Examination Phobia of Computer Science Students in Nigerian Colleges of Education 1 Joachim Chinweike Omeje1, C. I. Oparanozie1, Mkpoikanke Sunday Otu1*, Victoria Ogwa Adikwu2, Nneka Charity Nwosu1, Chinweuba Ngozi Hope1, Petronilla Ngozi Omeje1, Eberechukwu Francisca Chigbu1, Victor Sunday Ezema1, Doris Chika Egeonu1, Rev. Sr. Ibe Kizito Chinedu1 and Ozoemena Lilian Chijioke1 1Department of Educational Foundations, Faculty of Education, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, P.M.B. 410001, Nsukka, Nigeria 2Department of Counselling and Educational Psychology, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria [email protected] Abstract The study focused on effects of self-monitoring on examination phobia of computer science students in Nigerian Colleges of Education. Based on the purpose of the study two researchers questions were formulated and one hypothesis tested at 0.05 level of significance guided the study. True experimental researchers design was adopted for the study. Voluntary sampling technique was used to compose a sample of 60 computer science students used for the study. The instruments for data collection were Student Examination Phobic Traits Identification Questionnaire (SEPTIQ) and Examination Phobia Manifestation Scale (EPMS) developed by the researchers. The internal consistency reliability coefficient was determined for both the Students’ Examination Phobic Traits Identification Questionnaire (SEPTIQ) and the Examination Phobic Manifestation Scale (EPMS) using cronbach alpha and reliability estimates of 0.73 and 0.95 respectively were got. The data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics of mean and standard deviation while the hypothesis was tested at P < 0.05 level of significance using ANCOVA.
    [Show full text]
  • List of Phobias and Simple Cures.Pdf
    Phobia This article is about the clinical psychology. For other uses, see Phobia (disambiguation). A phobia (from the Greek: φόβος, Phóbos, meaning "fear" or "morbid fear") is, when used in the context of clinical psychology, a type of anxiety disorder, usually defined as a persistent fear of an object or situation in which the sufferer commits to great lengths in avoiding, typically disproportional to the actual danger posed, often being recognized as irrational. In the event the phobia cannot be avoided entirely the sufferer will endure the situation or object with marked distress and significant interference in social or occupational activities.[1] The terms distress and impairment as defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV-TR) should also take into account the context of the sufferer's environment if attempting a diagnosis. The DSM-IV-TR states that if a phobic stimulus, whether it be an object or a social situation, is absent entirely in an environment - a diagnosis cannot be made. An example of this situation would be an individual who has a fear of mice (Suriphobia) but lives in an area devoid of mice. Even though the concept of mice causes marked distress and impairment within the individual, because the individual does not encounter mice in the environment no actual distress or impairment is ever experienced. Proximity and the degree to which escape from the phobic stimulus should also be considered. As the sufferer approaches a phobic stimulus, anxiety levels increase (e.g. as one gets closer to a snake, fear increases in ophidiophobia), and the degree to which escape of the phobic stimulus is limited and has the effect of varying the intensity of fear in instances such as riding an elevator (e.g.
    [Show full text]
  • In Terms of a Work Environment, "Ability" Means Being Able to Perform the Essential Functions of a Job
    *Indicates new additions as of 1/24/20 A Ability: In terms of a work environment, "ability" means being able to perform the essential functions of a job. See the term "Disability" ADA: Acronym for the Americans with Disabilities Act Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE): A study conducted jointly by the Center for Disease Control and Kaiser Permanente revealed that children who experienced adverse experiences in their households as they were growing up manifested both severe medical conditions and dysfunctional work behaviors as adults. The research drew the following conclusions in relation to impaired workers: "The long-term effects of ACE on the workforce impose major human and economic costs that are preventable." "These costs merit attention from the business community in conjunction with specialists in occupational medicine and public health." Active Listening is a communication technique used in a variety of settings, including the workplace, which requires the listener to feed back the message they have heard to the speaker by paraphrasing the information to confirm what was heard and, more importantly, to confirm a shared understanding between speaker and listener. This term was coined by Thomas Gordon, Ph.D. For more information about Active Listening and other leadership training tools and information visit: http://www.gordontraining.com. Ageism: Ageism commonly refers to negative discriminatory practices, regardless of the age towards which it is applied. Adultism – A predisposition towards adults, which is seen as biased against children, youth, and young people. Jeunism – A predisposition towards young people. Aging Work Force: refers to the rising median age of the workforce. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics' employment outlook data (2008 to 2018), the number of workers age 55 and older has been steadily increasing, and the group is expected to make up a larger share of the labor force in the future.
    [Show full text]
  • Occupational Burnout and Health
    Occupational burnout and health Kirsi Ahola People and Work Research Reports 81 Finnish Institute of Occupational Health Helsinki, Finland 2 CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ................................................... 6 ABSTRACT ................................................................. 8 TIIVISTELMÄ ................................................................ 10 LIST OF ORIGINAL PUBLICATIONS ................................... 12 1. INTRODUCTION ......................................................... 14 1.1 Concept of occupational burnout ........................... 15 1.2 Socio-demographic factors and occupational burnout 18 1.3 Job strain and occupational burnout ....................... 20 1.4 Occupational burnout and health problems .............. 23 Mental health problems ................................ 24 Musculoskeletal problems ............................. 33 Cardiovascular diseases ................................ 33 Summary and limitations of previous research .. 35 1.5 Occupational burnout and sickness absence ............. 36 2. PRESENT STUDY ........................................................ 39 2.1 Framework of the study ........................................ 39 2.2 Aims of the study ................................................. 41 3. METHODS ................................................................. 43 3.1 Procedure .......................................................... 43 3.2 Participants ......................................................... 44 3.3 Measures ...........................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Process+Book Into+The+Phobia.Pdf
    GRDS 702 Savannah College of Art and Design Studio: Methodological Practice Prof. Ronda [email protected] Project Assignment GRDS 702 Methodological Practice Professor Rhonda Arntsen Exploration One 100 points Exploration One: Seeing Differently "In the creative process, designers are victims of their own synaptic connections; subconsciously we’re following predictable pathways to solve problems [whereas] what you would want at the beginning of a design challenge is as many possibilities as you could imagine. 'Thinking wrong' is really about breaking those biases and synaptic pathways to generate a lot of potential solutions before you select and execute one." — John Bielenberg [1] Objective: The purpose of this exploration is to make new connections. Rather than starting with a project brief or client directive, the tangible outcome(s) of this exploration will be determined by your individual experiences in the play that will occur. No specific media, number of deliverables, form of deliverables, etc. will be assigned. The outcomes will grow out of your curiosity. “Final” work submitted must be fully realized (i.e., print-based work output and documented in the appropriate context; Web work published and accessible; experiences documented and appropriately shared). PDFs of program files will not be considered final finished work. Context is critical in the completion of your explorations. Consider materials, size, and the environment in which your work is to be viewed when documenting your outcomes for submission. This exploration will include multiple points of discovery. In conjunction with your exploration, you will keep a detailed record in your SCAD blog or a personal journal, documenting your conscious decisions, analyses of each stage, and moments of discovery and connection.
    [Show full text]
  • Fear & Phobias
    Fear & Phobias Pastor Dave Tayman Cayman International Assembly April 7, 2013 Video Clip ­ Funny Phobias I have found a list of 538 Phobias in my research for this series. 538 documented, catalogued, certified phobias. A phobia (from the Greek: φόβος, Phóbos, meaning "fear" or "morbid fear") is, when used in the context of clinical psychology, a type of anxiety disorder, usually defined as a persistent fear of an object or situation in which the sufferer commits to great lengths in avoiding, typically disproportional to the actual danger posed, often being recognized as irrational. Alektorophobia­ (alek­toro­phobia) Fear of chickens. Anglophobia­ (anglo­phobia) Fear of England or English culture, etc. Anuptaphobia­ (A­nup­ta­phobia) Fear of staying single. Ecclesiophobia­ (ecclesio­phobia) Fear of church. Ergophobia­ (Ergo­phobia) Fear of work. Panophobia or Pantophobia­ (pano­phobia or pan­to­phobia) Fear of everything. Fear injects itself into our lives at the worst possible times ­ almost as if it has orchestrated things for maximum effect. Fear is unique to every person. Fear is rarely rational or reasonable. When it is justified, our fear is often disproportionate to the situation. Yet Fear is a very real emotion that all of us have to face. Fear can also be our friend if we learn to respect it and not allow it to paralyse us. What is it that we fear the most? Is it a phone call? “We have your daughter at the station. You’d better come down.” Is it a letter on the kitchen table? “I’ve left. Don’t try to reach me.
    [Show full text]
  • Compensating Employees Who Suffer Work-Related Psychiatric Harm in the Course and Scope of Their Employment
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by South East Academic Libraries System (SEALS) COMPENSATING EMPLOYEES WHO SUFFER WORK-RELATED PSYCHIATRIC HARM IN THE COURSE AND SCOPE OF THEIR EMPLOYMENT A thesis submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF LAWS of RHODES UNIVERSITY by Meryl du Plessis 699D1955 September 2007 DECLARATION FORM Declaration submitted by a candidate presenting a thesis for examination Please complete using BLOCK LETTERS Surname: ……………………………………………………………………………….. First names: ……………………………………………………………………………. Title of thesis: ………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………….. The thesis which I now submit for the degree of: ……………………………………... is not being published and I hereby grant to Rhodes University permission to make additional copies of it, in whole or in part, for the purposes of research. I certify that this thesis has not been submitted for a degree in any other university and that it is my original work except as follows: ………………………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………….. Signed: ……………………………….. Date: …………………… ii DEDICATION This work is dedicated to my grandparents, Barney, Clara, Duif and Jan; and my parents, Franklin, Mercia and Alida. I am ever grateful that I am because of you. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank God for the strength and the ability to write this thesis, for being my best Friend and my constant
    [Show full text]
  • BMJ Open Is Committed to Open Peer Review. As Part of This Commitment We Make the Peer Review History of Every Article We Publish Publicly Available
    BMJ Open: first published as 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-038909 on 28 December 2020. Downloaded from BMJ Open is committed to open peer review. As part of this commitment we make the peer review history of every article we publish publicly available. When an article is published we post the peer reviewers’ comments and the authors’ responses online. We also post the versions of the paper that were used during peer review. These are the versions that the peer review comments apply to. The versions of the paper that follow are the versions that were submitted during the peer review process. They are not the versions of record or the final published versions. They should not be cited or distributed as the published version of this manuscript. BMJ Open is an open access journal and the full, final, typeset and author-corrected version of record of the manuscript is available on our site with no access controls, subscription charges or pay-per-view fees (http://bmjopen.bmj.com). If you have any questions on BMJ Open’s open peer review process please email [email protected] http://bmjopen.bmj.com/ on September 25, 2021 by guest. Protected copyright. BMJ Open BMJ Open: first published as 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-038909 on 28 December 2020. Downloaded from Which psychotherapy is effective in panic disorder? And which delivery formats are supported by the evidence? Study protocol for two systematic reviews and network meta-analyses. ForJournal: peerBMJ Open review only Manuscript ID bmjopen-2020-038909 Article Type: Protocol Date Submitted by the 30-Mar-2020
    [Show full text]
  • Burnout and Psychological Distress Among Primary Health Care Nurses and Midwives in North West Bank
    An- Najah National University Faculty of Graduated Studies Burnout and Psychological Distress Among Primary Health Care Nurses and Midwives in North West Bank By Ehab Naerat Supervised Dr. Eman Alshawish This Thesis is submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Community Mental Health Nursing, Faculty of Graduate Studies, An-Najah National University Nablus – Palestine. 2018 ii Burnout and Psychological Distress Among Primary Health Care Nurses and Midwives in North West Bank By Ehab Naerat This Thesis was Defended Successfully on 22/1/2018 and approved by: Defense Committee Members Signature 1. Dr. Eman Alshawis / Supervisor ...….……… 2. Dr. Mouna Ahmead / External Examiner ....….……… 3. Dr. Sabrina Rousoo / Internal Examiner .…………… iii اﻹهداء الى من ربيانياصغير . الى زوجتي الغاليو التي شجعتني في رحمتي الى التميز والنجاح. الى ابنائي الذين كان لوجودىم في حياتي حافزا لمكفاح والعطاء. الى اخي واخواتي المذين ساندوني ووقفوا الى جانبي . الى كل من عممني واخذ بيدي, وانار لي طريق المعرفو. الى زمﻻئي و زميﻻتي الممرضين والممرضات والعاممين في مراكز الرعاية الصحيو اﻻوليو خاصة زمﻻئي في مديرية صحة جنين الذين كانت ثقتيم منارة لي تضيئ الطريق. الى كل من ساندني, ووقف بجانبي. الى كل من كان النجاح طريقو, والتميز سبيمو. الى كل من كان العطاء والتضحية طريقو لخدمت اباء شعبو. اليكم جميعا اىدي ىذا العمل. iv Acknowledgment A special thanks to my supervisor, Doctor Eman Alshawish, for countless hours of reflecting, reading, encouraging, and most of all patience throughout the entire process and their excitement and willingness to provide feedback made the completion of this research. I would like to acknowledge and thank An-Najah National University for allowing me to conduct my research and providing any assistance requested.
    [Show full text]
  • Work Aversion from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia (Redirected from Work Aversion Disorder)
    Create account Log in Article Talk Read Edit View history Search Work aversion From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Work aversion disorder) Main page This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these Contents issues on the talk page. Featured content This article needs additional citations for verification. (April 2011) Current events This article may contain original research. (April 2011) Random article The neutrality of this article is disputed. (April 2010) Donate to Wikipedia Work aversion (or aversion to work) is the state of avoiding or not wanting to work or be employed, or the extreme Interaction preference of leisure as opposed to work. It can be attributed to laziness, boredom, or burnout,[1] most Help underachievers suffer from some work aversion. About Wikipedia Community portal Contents [hide] Recent changes 1 Causes Contact Wikipedia 2 Complications Toolbox 3 Treatment 4 Criticism Print/export 5 See also Languages 6 References Deutsch 7 Further reading Русский 8 External links Causes [edit] open in browser PRO version Are you a developer? Try out the HTML to PDF API pdfcrowd.com Work aversion usually occurs in persons who have previously been employed, and can have a variety of causes. These include:[citation needed] Boredom with work.[1] Holding a boring job early in life can lead to the impression later that all work is boring.[2] Depression: A person who is suffering from clinical depression, dysthymia, grief, or other similar disorders may lack the motivation to work. Obsessive-compulsive disorder: Due to neurological dysfunction, the person becomes preoccupied with anxiety- based obsessions, and performs compulsive behaviors in order to cope with their anxiety.
    [Show full text]
  • Psychiatric and Personality Disorders
    Dr Mohammad Ishaq Geer Dept. of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Kashmir UGC-HRDC, University of Kashmir …………….………………..24.10.2018 ONE IN FIVE YOUNG ADULTS HAS A PERSONALITY DISORDER Dr. Mark Olfson of Columbia University reported in 2008 in the most extensive study of its kind that almost one in five young American adults has a personality disorder that interferes with everyday life. Study was based on face-to-face interviews about numerous disorders with more than 5,000 young people aged 19 to 25. The study also found that fewer than 25 percent of college- aged Americans with mental problems get treatment. It should alert not only students and parents, but also deans, principals and people who run colleges and mental health services about the need to extend access to treatment. Good Teaching as per Shulman In the classroom of a good teacher, students are visible, engaged, attentive and participating. Good teaching is passionate, and it induces an emotional response in students. Good teaching evokes and engages practical and analytical thinking, critical evaluation, constructive mindset and problem-solving skills that can be applied in a variety of settings. Good teaching positively impacts upon students’ values, commitments, creative ideals and identities. (David Shulman, President of the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching as cited in Loeb, Rouse, Shorris, 2007) Teacher Empathy Empathy is critical to good teaching, especially to teaching emotionally disturbed/behaviorally disordered students. We work with youngsters who perceive their worlds differently than most people do. Teachers who work with these children must have insight and understanding. Empathy provides the ability to know the students’ world in the way that they live it, to interpret that understanding back to the child, and then provide boundaries of reality so that they may function more competently.……..(Morgan & Reinhart, 1991, p.
    [Show full text]