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Wellness Counseling This Page Intentionally Left Blank Wellness Counseling Wellness Counseling This page intentionally left blank Wellness Counseling Paul F. Granello The Ohio State University Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle River Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montreal Toronto Delhi Mexico City São Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul Singapore Taipei Tokyo Vice President and Editorial Director: Jeffery W. Senior Art Director: Jayne Conte Johnston Cover Designer: Karen Salzbach Senior Acquisitions Editor: Meredith D. Fossel Cover Art: Paul F. Granello Vice President, Director of Marketing: Margaret Full-Service Project Manager: Anitha K.R , Waples Element LLC Senior Marketing Manager: Christopher Barry Composition: Element LLC Senior Managing Editor: Pamela Bennett Printer/Binder: R. R. Donnelley & Sons Company Senior Project Manager: Mary M. Irvin Cover Printer: R. R. Donnelley & Sons Company Production Manager: Susan Hannahs Text Font: 10/12 Times Credits and acknowledgments borrowed from other sources and reproduced, with permission, in this textbook appear on the appropriate page within text. Every effort has been made to provide accurate and current Internet information in this book. However, the Internet and information posted on it are constantly changing, so it is inevitable that some of the Internet addresses listed in this textbook will change. Proudly sourced and uploaded by [StormRG] Kickass Torrents | TPB | ET | h33t Copyright © 2013 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. This publication is protected by Copyright and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. To obtain permission(s) to use material from this work, please submit a written request to Pearson Education, Inc., Permissions Department, One Lake Street, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 or you may fax your request to 201-236-3290. CIP data not available at time of publication. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 ISBN 10: 0-13-299657-X ISBN 13: 978-0-13-299657-0 This book is dedicated to Dr. J. Melvin Witmer A wellness pioneer, mentor, and fully actualized human being. This page intentionally left blank PREFACE Wellness and prevention are center stage topics in our national healthcare debate. The modern demands being placed on our healthcare system due to 45% of the adults in the United States being afflicted with chronic illnesses, the impacts of the obesity epidemic, and, of course, healthcare economics have made it so. It has been my belief for some time that the future of professional counseling (and all helping professions) is going to be strongly related to prevention and wellness. The purpose of this book is to provide a usable yet comprehensive textbook for a course on wellness (prevention or lifestyle-habit change). Counselor educators and other educators wish- ing to prepare their students responsibly for the behavioral healthcare environment of the 21st century will find this book an excellent source of information. Wellness Counseling is written and edited to provide information on wellness basics such as wellness models and theories of behavior change. The book is also comprehensive in its cov- erage of many of the wellness domains, including cognitive, social, spiritual, cultural, emotional, physical, and nutritional. No text in the field is as comprehensive. Further, experts in each area of wellness have contributed to the text. Among them are Dr. Mark Young, who contributed chapters on spirituality and meaning; Dr. Sam Gladding, who contributed the chapter on creativity; and Dr. Brian Focht, who contributed the chapter on physi- cal activity. These scholars are known in the field as experts in their subject areas. I have been teaching my graduate course on wellness and prevention at The Ohio State University for 15 years now. Over that time, I have learned a great deal on the subject of wellness through both teaching and research. I have had the privilege to study with Dr. J. Melvin Witmer, who is one of the founding pioneers of wellness in counseling. Mel encouraged me to do my dis- sertation on a wellness topic, and since then I have thought it would be so helpful for others to have a book that would provide much needed practical information on wellness. The book is laid out in three major parts. Part I: Wellness: A Paradigm for Behavioral Healthcare illustrates why wellness is the behavioral healthcare paradigm for the future. The first chapter strongly makes the case that modern healthcare is mismatched with our needs. Also in this part, a history of wellness is provided that contextualizes the topic for the student. The last chapter in this part provides an overview of wellness models and theory. Part II: Wellness Counseling in Practice provides a practical example of how to engage with clients from a wellness frame of reference. An extensive chapter also focuses on behavior change models and presents a novel behavior change model related to curative factors in coun- seling. The last chapter in this part covers complementary and alternative treatments, which are being sought and used by more and more clients in counseling today. Part III: Dimensions of Wellness, comprises information that focuses on 10 specific dimensions of wellness. These chapters provide a readable but in-depth resource for counsel- ing students and counselors currently in practice of the important research related to each of the specific wellness domains addressed. It is my hope that educators and students alike will use this book to help provide structure in their studies on wellness and prevention. I firmly believe that counselors can help clients from becoming seriously ill, manage disease states to minimize harm, and encourage and support all people to maximize their individual health and well-being. vii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I want to acknowledge all of the contributors to this book, to whom I owe a great deal: Maria Elliott, Clinical Counselor; Sam Gladding, Professor, Wake Forest University; Michelle Hunnicutt-Hollenbaugh, doctoral student, The Ohio State University; Brian Focht, Associate Professor, The Ohio State University; Mike Lewis, Director of Counseling, Ohio Dominican University; Anne Ober, Assistant Professor, Walsh University; Leila Roach, Associate Professor, Stetson University; Heather L. Smith, registered dietician and nutritionist, Associate Professor, Vanderbilt University; J. Melvin Witmer, Professor Emeritus, Ohio University; Pei Chen Yeh, counselor, Nation College of Nursing, Taipei, Taiwan; and Mark Young, Professor, Counselor Education, University of Central Florida. They not only gave of their knowledge but also their patience. I also would like to thank my editor at Pearson, Meredith Fossel, without whose patience and support this book would never have been completed. And I would like to express my thanks to Darcy, who encourages me in all my work and makes my life meaningful. Finally, I would like to thank the following reviewers for their time and input: Bette S. Katsekas, University of Southern Maine; Nathalie Kees, Colorado State University; Michele McGrady, Western Michigan University; and Shawn L. Spurgeon, University of Tennessee, Knoxville. viii BRIEF CONTENTS PART I Wellness: A Paradigm for Behavioral Healthcare 1 Chapter 1 The Wellness Challenge 2 Chapter 2 Evolution of Wellness 11 Chapter 3 Theoretical Models for Wellness Counseling 29 PART II Wellness Counseling in Practice 37 Chapter 4 Change Science: Models and Methods 38 Chapter 5 Complementary and Alternative Treatments 60 Chapter 6 Incorporating Wellness Counseling Into Clinical Practice: A Case Example 71 PART III Dimensions of Wellness 81 Chapter 7 Cognition: Rules for Reality 82 Chapter 8 Emotional Regulation: Stones and Water 92 Chapter 9 Physical Activity and Psychological Well-being 104 Chapter 10 Nutrition for Wellness: Fueling the Mind/Body 118 Chapter 11 Preventive Self-Care: Benefits of Modern Medicine 135 Chapter 12 Meaning and Wellness: Purpose for Living 148 Chapter 13 Spirituality: Benefits of Belief 157 Chapter 14 Our Collective Wisdom on Social Relationships and Wellness 175 Chapter 15 Social Relationships: Burdens and Benefits 188 Chapter 16 Creativity: Spark of Wellness 204 Index 212 ix This page intentionally left blank CONTENTS Part I Wellness: A Paradigm for Behavioral Healthcare 1 CHAPTER 1 THE WELLNESS CHALLENGE 2 By Paul F. Granello and J. Melvin Witmer Healthcare: A Fundamental Mismatch 2 Results of the Healthcare Mismatch 4 Wellness: Healthcare Paradigm of the Future 8 Wellness and the Counseling Profession 8 The Wellness Challenge 9 CHAPTER 2 EVOLUTION OF WELLNESS 11 By J. Melvin Witmer Striving for Health and Wellness 11 Greek Health and Medicine 12 Hippocrates 12 Aristotle 12 Asclepius 13 An Ancient Greek Wellness Center 13 Jewish and Christian Emphases 13 Hebrew Health and Healing 13 The Early Christian Church 14 Later Christian Emphases 14 Native American Healing 14 Eastern and Chinese Medicine 15 Modern Western Medicine 15 Multidisciplinary and Interdisciplinary Wellness 16 Jung, Adler, and the Drive Toward Wholeness 16 Humanistic Psychology 17 Health and Social Psychology 17 Behavioral Medicine and Medical Research 17 Stress Research 18 Quality of Life and Longevity Research 18 Positive Psychology 19 xi xii Contents Faith and Religious Practices 21 Energy Psychology and Medicine 21 Other Disciplines 22 Persistence of the Placebo 23 Wellness
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