DOCSLIB.ORG

The Much-Heralded Mortise and Tenon by John English

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Much-Heralded Mortise and Tenon by John English JOINERY MADE SIMPLE The Much-Heralded Mortise And Tenon By John English End grain is not the best gluing surface, so it’s fortunate that Chinese artisans in the twelfth century perfected an ancient joint that today allows us to maximize gluing surfaces while also permitting a more mechanical approach to joint making. In short, a finger (called a tenon) is milled on the end of a workpiece, and this fits into a hole (mortise) in a mating workpiece. In the typical mortise-and-tenon joint, all four edge and face surfaces of the tenon (as opposed to end grain) slip snugly against the walls of the mortise. Add glue, and/or some mechanical fastener, and you create a powerful bond for project parts. Of course, early on, Chinese craftsmen used mortise-and-tenon joinery to construct large buildings rather than coffee tables or cabinet doors, but the principle is the same regardless of scale. On page 22, you’ll find two complementary mission tables that let you try this tried-and-true joinery firsthand. But before going there, stick around for a closer look at one of woodworking’s hardest working joints. A POWERFUL JOINT WITH MANY FACES Mortise-and-tenon joints come in Open mortises C (sometimes called are tapered or square, but usually variety of forms (see Fig. 1) but bridle joints, but more often lap not. Often, they are of a contrasting there are two main types: stopped joints) occur when one wall of the species to create a pleasing look. (or “blind”) A, and through B. In the mortise is missing. Sometimes, the In a wedged-tenon joint F the former, the tenon dead-ends inside tenon in such a joint is dovetailed through mortise is slightly flared the mortise; in the latter, it goes all the D and revealed for aesthetic reasons. toward the outside (bottom of the way through. The standard stopped- Open mortises are not true mortise- hole), and there are one or two splits mortise joint in modern furniture is and-tenon joints, but they are easier in the end of the tenon. After the joint relatively simple. It can be hand-cut, to make and serve well in applications has been assembled, one or more milled with a combination of power where the joint doesn’t have to deal wedges are glued and hammered into and hand tools, or created entirely with stress coming from an angle. the split, forcing the tenon to expand with machines. And in addition to A pinned mortise E is nothing more and fill the flared mortise. A round glue and a nice fit, a tenon also can than a standard joint with dowel hole drilled in the tenon at the end of be secured in a mortise with pins, pins running through the tenon to the split will stop it from telegraphing wedges, or tusks. lock it in place. Sometimes the pins past the joint and traveling along the PHOTOS: JOHN ENGLISH 42 WOODCRAFT MAGAZINE D EC 2 0 0 7 / J AN 2 0 0 8 Fig. 1, Mortise and Tenon’s Many Faces A part (as with a chair rail, for B example). The degree of taper depends on the density of the wood species. STANDARD STOPPED (BLIND) A wedged tenon can be made MORTISE AND TENON STANDARD THROUGH in a stopped mortise too, but it’s MORTISE AND TENON more difficult because the math is C challenging. This is referred to as either a blind-wedged tenon G or a fox wedge. In a stopped (or “blind”) mortise, the OPEN MORTISE D (LAP JOINT) wedge must be exactly the right length or it will be either too loose or too tight. In a through mortise, the wedge can be DOVETAILED OPEN trimmed after the joint is closed. MORTISE In a tusk-tenon joint H the tenon E protrudes quite a long way through the mortise. It is then secured with a tapered key that is driven through a hole in the tenon. One edge of the hole is actually inside the mortise, so the wedge pulls Dowels Mortise the joint tight as it is driven. (Usually a contrasting color) F slightly I tapered Loose tenons (also known as floating PINNED MORTISE or feathered tenons) are becoming more AND TENON and more popular in the machine age, as they can be made quickly and with little WEDGED TENON effort. To create this joint, two identical G mortises are plowed with a router bit, leaving the ends round. A piece of stock is then milled with round edges to fit, and this is the tenon. Festool has H recently introduced a new tool called the BLIND-WEDGE TENON Domino Joiner that makes quick work (FOX WEDGE) of this joint. It’s fairly easy to mill with a standard router, too, while providing TUSK TENON reliable strength and longevity. I A haunched tenon J has a smaller J tenon beside the main one. Sometimes, haunches are square, while at other times they’re triangular. On a part with LOOSE TENON HAUNCHED two or more tenons, there can be a short TENON haunch joining them, to add strength. The built-up mortise K (sometimes BUILT-UP TRAPPED called a boxed mortise) is a product of DOVETAIL TENON the age of superior glues. It is laminated (BOXED OR LAMINATED MORTISE) in three layers around the tenon, so K there is no chopping involved. The tenon can be straight or dovetailed L. L Tenon Mortise WWW . W OO D CRAFT M AGAZINE . CO M WOODCRAFT MAGAZINE 43 JOINERY MADE SIMPLE SIZING THE JOINT The key to the mortise and tenon Sizing the width of a tenon is to create as much gluing surface involves a choice. It’s a lot easier to as possible. Sometimes, that means make the shoulder the same width revealing more than one tenon. If the all the way around, but it may tenon is 2" or wider, it’s a good idea to not always be the best choice for make multiple tenons as in Photo A. strength. If your mortise is at the This also avoids the slight possibility end of a ¾" thick stile, you might of problems due to wood movement. want to leave a little more material In extreme humidity, the tenon could A there than ¼". Doubling it to ½" expand enough to split the mortise. is probably wise. If the mortise Tenons are normally longer than they Creating double tenons when they will is halfway along the stile, then be more than 2" wide adds edge-grain shoulders that are even all around gluing surface, and avoids expansion problems. are a sound choice. Tenons need to fit properly in their mortises. If they are too tight, they can crack the walls of the mortise. Too loose, and the joint will fail under stress. Lay out the mortise first, as a tenon is easier to adjust (more accessible) than a mortise. A precision square and a Fig. 2 sharp marking knife will leave a thin, Common Mortise accurate line. You might also consider and Tenon Spacing B a wheel marking gauge (see the Buying Guide) for easier, one-handed are wide. In general, a tenon should When laying out the sides of a mortise, marking. Both are ideal for scoring draw both lines off one face of the be about 1/3 the thickness of the stock across grain, where a clean, crisp edge board, in case the workpiece isn’t the for the mortise (not the tenon!). That same thickness throughout. is essential for accuracy. The stock means that the sidewalls of the mortise must be square. With a gauge that has are about the same thickness as the should be somewhere around 1 to 1½" one wheel, scribe the two lines for the tenon (Fig. 2). For 1" thick stock, a 3/8" long. If in doubt, longer is better. If the long edges of the mortise by running mortise is a good choice. tenon is to be haunched, the haunch the gauge across the best face of the The length of a stopped tenon should should be about 1/3 the length of the stock two times, moving the fence for be an absolute minimum of four times tenon. By the way, one of the primary the second pass as shown in Photo its thickness, and hopefully more (six reasons that people use haunches is B. This guarantees that the mortise is times is probably best, but not always to accommodate the grooves for door parallel to the best face (just in case practical). If the tenon is ¼" thick, it panels in door frames. your stock isn’t the same thickness). HOW TO CUT CLEAN, SQUARE MORTISES With your mortise locations marked, size. (See the sidebar “Hollow-Chisel mortise, but this might not be possible begin cutting them to shape using either Mortising Machines and Accessories,” with some hollow chisels. They have of the following proven methods. as well as the Buying Guide.) These a taper which limits the depth of cut. n By Machine: are the locations of the fence and You can mark your stock and hold it For most mortises, a hollow-chisel the depth stop. Setting the depth is beside or behind the cutter, and then machine (or a mortising attachment done before setting the fence. The adjust the stop visually, as shown in kit for the drill press) has only two mortise should run about 2/3 of the Photo C. It’s a good idea to go with ½" variables to set after choosing the bit way through the stock for a stopped increments when deciding how deep a 44 WOODCRAFT MAGAZINE D EC 2 0 0 7 / J AN 2 0 0 8 While ordinary bench chisels will work to pare the sides of a mortise, there are special chisels available (see the Buying Guide) that are far better suited to the task of actually cutting mortises.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • TFEC 1-2019 Standard for Design of Timber Frame Structures And
    TFEC 1-2019 Standard for Design of Timber Frame Structures and Commentary TFEC 1-2019 Standard Page 1 January 2019 TFEC 1-2019 Standard for Design of Timber Frame Structures and Commentary Timber Frame Engineering Council Technical Activities Committee (TFEC-TAC) Contributing Authors: Jim DeStefano Jeff Hershberger Tanya Luthi Jaret Lynch Tom Nehil Dick Schmidt, Chair Rick Way Copyright © 2019, All rights reserved. Timber Framers Guild 1106 Harris Avenue, Suite 303 Bellingham, WA 98225 TFEC 1-2019 Standard Page 2 January 2019 Table of Contents 1.0 General Requirements for Structural Design and Construction .......................................6 1.1 Applicability and Scope ........................................................................................ 6 1.2 Liability ................................................................................................................. 6 1.3 General Requirements ........................................................................................... 7 1.3.1 Strength ........................................................................................................... 7 1.3.2 Serviceability ................................................................................................... 7 1.3.3 General Structural Integrity ............................................................................. 7 1.3.4 Conformance with Standards .......................................................................... 7 1.4 Design Loads ........................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Analysis and Strengthening of Carpentry Joints 1. Introduction 2
    Generated by Foxit PDF Creator © Foxit Software Branco, J.M., Descamps, T., Analysis and strengthening http://www.foxitsoftware.comof carpentry joints. Construction andFor Buildingevaluation Materials only. (2015), 97: 34–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.05.089 Analysis and strengthening of carpentry joints Jorge M. Branco Assistant Professor ISISE, Dept. Civil Eng., University of Minho Guimarães, Portugal Thierry Descamps Assistant Professor URBAINE, Dept. Structural Mech. and Civil Eng., University of Mons Mons, Belgium 1. Introduction Joints play a major role in the structural behaviour of old timber frames [1]. Current standards mainly focus on modern dowel-type joints and usually provide little guidance (with the exception of German and Swiss NAs) to designers regarding traditional joints. With few exceptions, see e.g. [2], [3], [4], most of the research undertaken today is mainly focused on the reinforcement of dowel-type connections. When considering old carpentry joints, it is neither realistic nor useful to try to describe the behaviour of each and every type of joint. The discussion here is not an extra attempt to classify or compare joint configurations [5], [6], [7]. Despite the existence of some classification rules which define different types of carpentry joints, their applicability becomes difficult. This is due to the differences in the way joints are fashioned depending, on the geographical location and their age. In view of this, it is mandatory to check the relevance of the calculations as a first step. This first step, to, is mandatory. A limited number of carpentry joints, along with some calculation rules and possible strengthening techniques are presented here.
    [Show full text]
  • Drill Bits 101 I've Used Dowels in a Variety of Woodworking Projects
    Drill Bits 101 I’ve used dowels in a variety of woodworking projects having bought myself a pretty decent doweling jig a few years ago. The jig itself came with a twist drill bit for each of the three dowel sizes. For my dowel joinery I often need to drill holes of two different depths; so sometimes it is handy to have two bits of the same diameter with stops set at the different depths. One day I inadvertently was using both a twist bit and a brad point bit and noticed very different results. For example, drilling into end grain was far more difficult with a brad point bit than with the twist bit. All of this got me wondering about the different types of woodworking drill bits. Hence my investigation into the family tree of woodworking drill bits. Note that many drill bits may be multi-purpose, but generally speaking there are different families of bits for plastic, metal(s), tile, and masonry, etc. The basic job of a drill bit of course is to stay centered and not wander, cut the wood to form a round hole, and eject the chips. Seems simple, but not so perhaps, which is why there are so many types of drill bits and even options on lips, lands, flutes, margins, and other design elements – details beyond the scope of Bevel Cut. Of all the types, the common twist drill, invented by Steven Morse in 1863 and covered in US Patent 38119 is the simplest. The V-angle of the tip can vary from 60 to 118 degrees, with the latter being most common in today’s hardware stores according to my own research.
    [Show full text]
  • Innovations in Heavy Timber Construction • © 2011 Woodworks
    I NNOVAT I ONS I N T I MBER C ONSTRU C T I ON eavy timber construction—used for hundreds of years around the world—successfully combines the Combining beauty of exposed wood with the strength and fire the Beauty Hresistance of heavy timber. The traditional techniques used in ancient churches and temples, with their of Timber high-vaulted ceilings, sweeping curves and enduring strength, still influence today’s structures. The hallmarks of heavy timber—prominent wood beams and timbers—now also include elegant, leaner framing that celebrates the with Modern expression of structure with a natural material. A visual emphasis on beams, purlins and connections lends character and a powerful aesthetic sense Construction of strength. Historically a handcrafted skill of mortise and tenon joinery, heavy timber construction has been modernized by tools such as CNC machines, high- strength engineered wood products, and mass-production techniques. A growing environmental awareness that recognizes wood as the only renewable and sustainable structural building material is also invigorating this type of construction. Heavy timbers are differentiated from dimensional lumber by having minimum dimensions required by the building code. Modern versions include sawn stress-grade lumber, timber tongue and groove decking, glued-laminated timber (glulam), parallel strand lumber (PSL), laminated veneer lumber (LVL) and cross laminated timber (CLT). Structural laminated products can be used as solid walls, floors and columns to construct an entire building. Modern heavy timber construction contributes to the appeal, comfort, structural durability and longevity of schools, churches, large-span recreation centers, mid-rise/multi-family housing and supermarkets, among many other buildings.
    [Show full text]
  • 2010 Directory of Maine's Primary Wood Processors
    Maine State Library Digital Maine Forest Service Documents Maine Forest Service 9-14-2011 2010 Directory of Maine's Primary Wood Processors Maine Forest Service Forest Policy and Management Division Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalmaine.com/for_docs Recommended Citation Maine Forest Service, "2010 Directory of Maine's Primary Wood Processors" (2011). Forest Service Documents. 253. https://digitalmaine.com/for_docs/253 This Text is brought to you for free and open access by the Maine Forest Service at Digital Maine. It has been accepted for inclusion in Forest Service Documents by an authorized administrator of Digital Maine. For more information, please contact [email protected]. 2010 Directory of Maine’s Primary Wood Processors Robert J. Lilieholm, Peter R. Lammert, Greg R. Lord and Stacy N. Trosper Maine Forest Service Department of Conservation 22 State House Station Augusta, Maine 04333-0022 School of Forest Resources University of Maine Orono, Maine 04469-5755 December 2010 Table of Contents Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 1 Maine's Primary Wood Processors I. Stationary Sawmills ............................................................................................. 4 II. Portable Sawmills ............................................................................................. 67 III. Pulp and Paper Manufacturers ...................................................................... 106 IV. Stand-Alone
    [Show full text]
  • EM-Tec VS42 Universal Spring-Loaded Vise
    Technical Support Bulletin EM-Tec VS42 universal spring-loaded vise Products #12-000220 and #12-000320 Description The EM-Tec VS42 universal spring-loaded vise clamp includes two reversible vise plates and four dowel pins which fit into the top of the brass sliding bar. The maximum clamping capacity between the vise jaws is 42mm. Available with either the standard 3.2mm pin or an M4 threaded hole for mounting on the SEM sample stage. Operation Consider wearing gloves to avoid contamination. • To open the EM-Tec universal spring-loaded vise clamp, pull on the side of the brass sliding bars. • Place the sample between the vise jaws and gently release the sliding bars. • The tension on the 4 springs will hold the sample between the jaws in the middle of the holder. • The universal spring-loaded vice clamp acts as a centering vise. The aluminium vise plates are mounted on the brass sliding bars with brass M3 screws. The reversible vise jaws comprise a smooth side and a side with three small grooves. The grooves are more suitable for small round samples or to hold sample with a rough side. For awkwardly shaped samples, the vise jaws can be removed and 4 dowel pins can be inserted in the brass sliding bar to clamp the sample between the 4 dowel pins. Optional vise jaws are available for large round samples. By using longer M3 screws, the vise jaws can be stacked to double the jaw height from 12 to 24mm. For samples which are thinner than 1mm, an alternative vise type holder with a screw should be considered.
    [Show full text]
  • Fasteners Set the Industry's Highest Standards for Design, Ease of Use, and Reliability
    Keeping your belt up and running SINCE 1907 HEAVY-DUTY MECHANICAL BELT FASTENING SYSTEMS A comprehensive line of mechanical belt fastening systems and belt conveyor maintenance tools that increase uptime and output. Around the world, the most respected name in belt conveyor solutions is Flexco. YOUR PARTNER IN The reason is simple. Flexco belt splicing products have earned the reputation for unsurpassed quality and performance in the most demanding material handling PRODUCTIVITY applications on earth. Our fasteners set the industry's highest standards for design, ease of use, and reliability. The knowledgeable advice and proven solutions we provide our customers help keep conveyor efficiency high and conveyor operation costs low. QUICK FACTS OVER 100 YEARS OF SUCCESS ABOUT FLEXCO • Flexco is a U.S.-based company and HAS BEEN BUILT has been in the belt industry since 1907. BY FOCUSING ON OUR • We have subsidiary locations in Australia, Chile, China, Germany, India, Mexico, Singapore, South Africa, and CUSTOMERS the United Kingdom to service and support customers in more than 150 countries around the world. We have learned to understand our customers' • We have more than 1800 distributor industries and challenges and to respond to their partners throughout the world—we changing needs. partner with the best distributors in We are constantly driving technology and design and every market we serve around the world to ensure our customers have strive to become the leader in belt conveyor solutions that ready access to our products, services, maximize uptime, productivity, and safety. and expert resources. We value industry relationships and believe that together, with a team of industry experts, our customers will • As a company, we focus on training and development and maintaining a receive greater value.
    [Show full text]
  • Plain & Pre-Glued Dowel Pin FAQ How Do You Determine What Size
    Plain & Pre‐Glued Dowel Pin FAQ How do you determine what size dowel to use? The length of the dowel is generally determined by how much dowel can be inserted into the shortest member of the two piece joint. Twice this length is a common rule of thumb for determining dowel length. For example, if your shortest member is 1” thick and you know your safest drilling depth is 3/4”, then a 1‐1/2” dowel should be used. A 1‐1/2” length equates to two times the 3/4” thickness. The longer the dowel, the greater the holding strength. A similar procedure can be used to determine a proper diameter for the dowel. Generally, the diameter of the dowel should be no greater than half the thickness of the stock. For example, if the side panel is 1” thick, then you want to use a maximum 1/2” dowel. Incorrect hole depth or diameter create improper dowel joints by trapping glue or water at the bottom of the hole which is not properly distributed around the dowel. How deep should a dowel pin be inserted to be most effective? The longer the dowel, the greater the strength. The ideal joint has the dowel hole match the length of the dowel on both ends allowing the dowel to be inserted to the bottom of the hole. To avoid “blowout” on side panels, a small void of 2mm or 5/64”, is often left as insurance to collect excess glue or water in addition to allowing for variations in dowel length.
    [Show full text]
  • Inspection of Wooden Vessels
    Guidance on Inspection, Repair, and Maintenance of Wooden Hulls ENCLOSURE (1) TO NVIC 7-95 COMPILED BY THE JOINT INDUSTRY/COAST GUARD WOODEN BOAT INSPECTION WORKING GROUP August 1995 TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS A-1 LIST OF FIGURES F-1 GLOSSARY G-1 CHAPTER 1. DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS A. Introduction 1-1 B. Acceptable Classification Society Rules 1-1 C. Good Marine Practice 1-1 CHAPTER 2. PLAN SUBMITTAL GUIDE A. Introduction 2-1 B. Plan Review 2-1 C. Other Classification Society Rules and Standards 2-1 D. The Five Year Rule 2-1 CHAPTER 3. MATERIALS A. Shipbuilding Wood 3-1 B. Bending Woods 3-1 C. Plywood. 3-2 D. Wood Defects 3-3 E. Mechanical Fastenings; Materials 3-3 F. Screw Fastenings 3-4 G. Nail Fastenings 3-5 H. Boat Spikes and Drift Bolts 3-6 I. Bolting Groups 3-7 J. Adhesives 3-7 K. Wood Preservatives 3-8 CHAPTER 4. GUIDE TO INSPECTION A. General 4-1 B. What to Look For 4-1 C. Structural Problems 4-1 D. Condition of Vessel for Inspection 4-1 E. Visual Inspection 4-2 F. Inspection for Decay and Wood Borers 4-2 G. Corrosion & Cathodic Protection 4-6 H. Bonding Systems 4-10 I. Painting Galvanic Cells 4-11 J. Crevice Corrosion 4-12 K. Inspection of Fastenings 4-12 L. Inspection of Caulking 4-13 M. Inspection of Fittings 4-14 N. Hull Damage 4-15 O. Deficiencies 4-15 CHAPTER 5. REPAIRS A. General 5-1 B. Planking Repair and Notes on Joints in Fore and 5-1 Aft Planking C.
    [Show full text]
  • Operating Instructions and Parts Manual 14-Inch Vertical Band Saws Models: J-8201, J-8203, J-8201VS, J-8203VS
    Operating Instructions and Parts Manual 14-inch Vertical Band Saws Models: J-8201, J-8203, J-8201VS, J-8203VS JET 427 New Sanford Road LaVergne, Tennessee 37086 Part No. M-414500 Ph.: 800-274-6848 Revision F 09/2018 www.jettools.com Copyright © 2016 JET Warranty and Service JET warrants every product it sells against manufacturers’ defects. If one of our tools needs service or repair, please contact Technical Service by calling 1-800-274-6846, 8AM to 5PM CST, Monday through Friday. Warranty Period The general warranty lasts for the time period specified in the literature included with your product or on the official JET branded website. • JET products carry a limited warranty which varies in duration based upon the product. (See chart below) • Accessories carry a limited warranty of one year from the date of receipt. • Consumable items are defined as expendable parts or accessories expected to become inoperable within a reasonable amount of use and are covered by a 90 day limited warranty against manufacturer’s defects. Who is Covered This warranty covers only the initial purchaser of the product from the date of delivery. What is Covered This warranty covers any defects in workmanship or materials subject to the limitations stated below. This warranty does not cover failures due directly or indirectly to misuse, abuse, negligence or accidents, normal wear-and-tear, improper repair, alterations or lack of maintenance. JET woodworking machinery is designed to be used with Wood. Use of these machines in the processing of metal, plastics, or other materials outside recommended guidelines may void the warranty.
    [Show full text]
  • Mass Timber Connections
    WoodWorks Connection Design Workshop Bernhard Gafner, P.Eng, MIStructE, Dipl. Ing. FH/STV [email protected] Adam Gerber, M.A.Sc. [email protected] Disclaimer: This presentation was developed by a third party and is not funded by WoodWorks or the Softwood Lumber Board. “The Wood Products Council” This course is registered is a Registered Provider with with AIA CES for continuing The American Institute of professional education. As Architects Continuing such, it does not include Education Systems (AIA/CES), content that may be Provider #G516. deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA of any material of Credit(s) earned on construction or any method completion of this course will or manner of handling, be reported to AIA CES for using, distributing, or AIA members. Certificates of dealing in any material or Completion for both AIA product. members and non-AIA __________________________________ members are available upon Questions related to specific materials, methods, and services will be addressed request. at the conclusion of this presentation. Description For engineers new to mass timber design, connections can pose a particular challenge. This course focuses on connection design principles and analysis techniques unique to mass timber products such as cross-laminated timber, glued-laminated timber and nail-laminated timber. The session will focus on design options for connection solutions ranging from commodity fasteners, pre- engineered wood products and custom-designed connections. Discussion will also include a review of timber mechanics and load transfer, as well as considerations such as tolerances, fabrication, durability, fire and shrinkage that are relevant to structural design.
    [Show full text]
  • Mechanical Performance of Mortise and Tenon Joints Pre-Reinforced With
    Wu et al. J Wood Sci (2019) 65:38 https://doi.org/10.1186/s10086-019-1816-2 Journal of Wood Science ORIGINAL ARTICLE Open Access Mechanical performance of mortise and tenon joints pre-reinforced with slot-in bamboo scrimber plates Guofang Wu1,2, Meng Gong3, Yingchun Gong1,2, Haiqing Ren1,2 and Yong Zhong1,2* Abstract This study was aimed at examining the mechanical performance of mortise and tenon joints reinforced with slot-in bamboo scrimber plates. 27 full-scale specimens were manufactured with engineered wood and bamboo products using computer numerically controlled (CNC) technology, then they were tested under monotonic loading. The initial stifness and moment carrying capacity of joints with diferent reinforcing confgurations were obtained from the established moment–rotational angle relationships. It was found that the initial stifness of the reinforced mortise and tenon joints increased by 11.4 to 91.8% and the moment carrying capacity increased by 13.5 to 41.7%, respectively. The total width and grain orientation of the reinforcing plates had signifcant infuence on the mechanical perfor- mance of the mortise and tenon joints. Fastening the plates to tenon with dowels was benefcial to the mechanical performance of the joints. The embedment length and adhesive type had no signifcant infuence to the structural performance of the joints. This study demonstrated the feasibility of pre-reinforcing mortise and tenon joints in new timber construction, and could assist to promote the application of mortise and tenon joints in modern timber structures. Keywords: Mortise and tenon joint, Pre-reinforcement, Mechanical performance, Bamboo scrimber, Beam to column connection Introduction However, with the development of computer numerically A mortise and tenon joint consists of a tongue that controlled (CNC) manufacturing technology in the late inserts into a mortise cut in the mating piece of timber.
    [Show full text]