© in This Web Service Cambridge University

Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-00071-1 — Art and Rhetoric in Roman Culture Edited by Jaś Elsner , Michel Meyer Index More Information

Index

Abascantus, 257–8, 262, 281 Apelles, 25, 27, 29, 223, 227 Abel, 343 Aphrodisias, 22 Abraham and Isaac, 339 agora, 171 absorption and erudition, 221, 225, 254 Aphrodite, ;99, 240, 243, 249–50, 292 Achilles, 248, 251, 264–7, 323, 327–33, 382–5 see also Venus Achilles Tatius, 27, 86 Aphthonius, 16, 28, 316, 321, 330, 333, 337, Acraephia 339 Ptoan Temple of Apollo, 141 Apollo, 311 Actium, battle of, 399 Apollodorus of Damascus, 83–5, 108 Adam and Eve, 338 aposiōpēsis, 228, 298–9 Adonis, 246, 249–50 apotheosis, 8–9, 12, 250, 323–4 Aelius Aristides, 27 Appius Claudius Caecus, 314 descriptions of cities, 85 Apuleius on the Forum and Markets of Trajan, 75 on rhetorical style, 57 Aeneas, 387–95 architecture, 419 Shield of Aeneas, 395–400 and antithesis, 46 Aeschylus, 56 and ‘baroque’ styles, 80 Aethiopis, 353, 367, 392 and brilliance, 63 Agamemnon, 423 and emulation of past models, 68 sorrow of, 223–30 and Greek models, 44 agency (of images), 133, 290 and height, 54, 66 akribeia language of, 44–5, 49 and the Column of Trajan, 102–5, 109–12 and logos,19 Latin equivalent of, 98 and mass, 58 opposition with megethos,95–8, 101, 108 and meaning, 44 and Phidias’ statue of Zeus, 98–100 and music, 59 Alberti, Leon Battista, 46 and ornament, 45 Alcestis, 281–3 Pantheon as rhetoric, 82–4 Amazons, 100; see also Achilles, Penthesilea responses to, 56 Amiternum, 293 Roman ‘baroque’ style, 68–71 Ammianus Marcellinus, 107, 110, 112–13 and signifier and signified, 44 Amphion, 59 and the Sublime, 71–2, 74–8, amphitheatre, 422 85–6 amplification, 55, 65 technological innovations in, 68 Andromache, 174, 269 as theatre, 42 Andromeda, see Perseus and Andromeda and utilitas,37–8, 67, 74–6 animation, 178–9 and uenustas, 49, 51 antanaklasis, 290 Vitruvius on, 47–8 Anticleia, 314 Arctinus of Miletus, 367 antimetabolē, 291 Ariadne, 246, 437 Antiochus I of Commagene, 4, 6 Aristion (Tiberius Claudius Aristion), Antoninus Pius, 67 76–9 494

© in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-00071-1 — Art and Rhetoric in Roman Culture Edited by Jaś Elsner , Michel Meyer Index More Information

Index 495

Aristotle, 18, 67, 98, 317 Blome, Peter, 240 definition of epic, 368 bodies, 2, 12–13, 22 definition of rhetoric, 3–5, 317 imperial, 117 on Homer, 367–9 and ritual, 117 on memory, 407, 413 Boffrand, Germain, 45, 62 on metaphor, 428 Bol, Renate, 142 on taxis, 359–60 Boschung, Dietrich, 120, 132, 136, 141, 300 theory of enthymeme,20 Brilliant, Richard, 380 Artemis, 243 Bruni, Leonardo, 46 artists, as educators, 26 busts, see statues Ascanius, 397 Asclepius, 144 Caecilius, 52 asperitas Caecilius of Calacte, 62, 96 and architecture, 50–1, 80 Calamis, 27 Athena, 38, 240, 243 Caligula, 117–18, 126–7, 131, 140, 146–7, 152 statue by Phidias, 101 Callimachus, 27 Athens Carroll, Maureen, 298 Acropolis, 59 Carruthers, Mary, 410 Parthenon, 114, 140 Carthage Augustales, 137 Temple of Juno, 387–9 Augustine, Saint, 416 Cassandra, 194–5 Augustus, 13, 62, 120–1, 126–8, 130, 132, Cassius Dio, 106, 110 136–8, 141–2, 144, 148–9, 151–2, 292, Catullus, 386 426, 434, 439 Celer (architect), 68 Celsus Polemaeanus, 78–81 Balbinus, 324–6 chreiai,38 Barthes, Roland, 288, 300, 313 Christ, 340, 342, 346–8 Barton, Tamsyn, 123, 125 Christian art, 20, 418, 428 basilica, 20 and identity, 316–48 Bassus (Caius Laecanius Bassus), 76 sarcophagi, 316–33 Batteux, Charles, 37 and typology, 338–47 Baudelaire Cicero, 24–6, 44, 47, 51, 55, 60, 85, 405–6, 408, Charles, 179 411, 416 Baxandall, Michael, 46 on arrangement (collocatio), 47–8 Beard, Mary, 300 on colour, 221 beauty on the death of his daughter Tullia, 180 and accessories and jewelry, 175–6 on decor, 223–6 Aristotle on, 360 on ornament, 218 hairstyles and, 162–5 on rhetoric as architecture, 38–40 Juvenal on, 174–5 on style, 222 in rhetoric and art, 27, 317, 321 on Zeuxis’ painting of Helen, 213–17 Statius on, 257–9 Clark, T. J., 1 as a system, 155 Claudia Semne, 180 Bek, Lise, 46 Claudius, 13, 127, 137–8, 141–2, 153 Bellerophon, 81 Claudius Etruscus, 257–8, 261, 270–1 Belting, Hans, 94 clementia, 147 Beneventum, 292 Coarelli, Filippo, 94 Bergmann, Bettina, 184–5, 187, 229, 412 coinage, 71 Bettini, Maurizio, 178 Colossus of Rhodes, 100 Bianchi Bandinelli, Ranuccio, 429 colour, 230; see also poikilia biography, 125 Cicero on, 219 Bisutun rock carvings, 114 Philostratus the Elder on, 220–1

496 Index

colour (cont.) Dillon, Sheila, 151 and rhetoric, 221–2 Dio Chrysostom, 25, 28 comedy, 423 defence of his buildings in Prusa, 66 commentarii,46 Dionysius of Halicarnassus, 4, 24–6, 42–3, concinnitas 413–14 in rhetoric and architecture, 51 on Zeuxis’ painting of Helen, 216–17 conclamatio, 276 Dionysius of Miletus, 85 concordia, 147 Dionysus, 56, 436–9 Constantine, 15 Dirce, 200–2 Constantinople dispositio,47–8, 60 Column of Arcadius, 113 docta, 309–10 Column of Theodosius, 113 dolls, 155 Constantius II, 112–13 and animation, 179 controuersiae,29–30 clothing and accessories of, 162, 176–7 Crepereia Tryphaena of Crepereia Tryphaena, 156–80 doll of, 156–80 and play, 176–7 identity of, 176 relationship to owners, 176–7 Creusa, 277–9 relationship to statues, 157–65 Croisille, Jean-Michel, 379 Domitia, 168 Croton, 24–5 Domitian, 8, 13 Temple of Juno, 215 Doryphorus, see Polyclitus Cuicul Drusus the Younger, 137, 141 Forum, 136–7 Dupont, Florence, 421 cultus, 162–4 Dura Europos Cupid, and Psyche, 81 Christian building, 338 Cyclopes, 59 Cypria, 368, 392 eagles, in art, 81 Cyzicus, 138 Eco, Umberto, 45 temple, 86 ekphrasis, 2, 235–7, 291 of architecture, 46 Daedalus, 178 dangers of, 87–8 damnatio memoriae, 148, 303 deﬁnitions of, 235 Daniel in the Lions’ Den, 339–41, 344 in Libanius, 29 Darius, king, 344 omission of ﬁgural decoration, 109 Darstellung, 426 and rhetoric, 356–7 Davies, Glenys, 309 of Philostratus the Elder, 251–5 Debray, Régis, 187 uses in rhetoric, 28 Decebalus, 92 and visualisation, 58 decor and works of art, 28 and architecture, 49 elegy, 310 and rhetoric, 39, 43 Elsner, Jaś, 123, 138, 237, 240 in rhetoric and painting, 222–3 enargeia, 2, 235–7, 298–9 Deianeira, 379–80 as ornament, 312 Delphi in Suetonius, 125–6 Temple of Apollo, 140 encomium, 15; see also epideictic, panegyric Demeter, 171 Endymion, 244–6, 248, 269–70, 315 Demetrius Entmythologisierung, 237; see also myths on rhetorical style, 86–7 epanalēpsis, 291 Demosthenes, 55, 85 Ephesus Derrida, Jacques, 288, 298, 300, 313 Arch of Mazaeus and Mithridates, 80 details, see akribeia Library of Celsus, 78–81 Dialexis, 409 nymphaea of Aristion, 76–9 Diana, 228 nymphaeaum, 76

Index 497

Temple of Artemis, 140 of Pedana, 301–13 Temple of Hadrian, 81 of Publius Vitellius Successus, 306 epic, 368 of Quintus Socconius Felix, 305 epideictic, 318 of Tiberius Octavius Diadumenus, 294 and Christian art, 317 funerary art, 296 definitions of, 336–8 abduction of Persephone, 308–9 and statues, 129 and absence, 292–301 in Suetonius, 125–7 and audience, 286 epigram, 2 depictions of deceased bodies, 292–4, 331 epistrophē, 291 and failed persuasion, 315 epizeuxis, 291 Totenmahl scene, 297, 302–6 Eresus, 137 ēthopoeia, see personification Gaius Licinius Primigenius, 304 ēthos, ;13–14, 18, 20, 22, 26, 229, 442–3 gaze, ;22, 54, 94 see also viewing see also rhetoric Gell, Alfred, 5, 133 and Christian art, 348 Genette, Gérard, 368 definition of, 3–7 Germanicus, 127, 137, 141 and gender, 180 Ghedini, Francesca, 252, 254 and painting, 230 Giuliani, Luca, 328 provincial, 21 Gleason, Maud, 311 and statues, 133–9 Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von, 59 ēthos–logos–pathos model, see rhetoric Good Shepherd, 338 Euripides, 60 Gorgias, 217, 287 eurythmia,49 Gorgon’s head, 196–8, 203–4, 206–7 evidentia, 312 Gortyn, 140, 146 Ewald, Björn, 251, 260 graphē, 28, 220 Greek art; see also Kopienkritik Fanum and Roman art, 20–1, 290, 419–21 basilica of Vitruvius, 50 Greenwich Faustina the Elder, 157–8 St Alphege, 61 Faustina the Younger, 160 Gregory the Great, 39 Fayum, 169 Gros, Pierre, 45, 49 Festus, 43 Grosso, Giovanni, 91, 111 figuration in art, 425–9 Gytheum, 138 Flavius Gorgonius, 336 festival of the Caesars, 144 Flavius Julius Catervius, 334–6 floor mosaics, 19, 188, 438–9 Hades, 240–4, 309 Florence Hadrian, 15, 85, 87, 167 San Lorenzo, 346 Halicarnassus Forma Urbis Romae,94 Mausoleum, 101, 109 frames, 17–18 Hardie, Philip, 397 freedmen art, 109 Hawksmoor, Nicholas, 62, 71, 81 funerary altar of Pedana, 301–13 Hector, 328–33 portraits of freedwomen, 174 Hedrick, Charles, 303 relief of Lucius Vibius and family, Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich, 425 295 Heidegger, Martin, 426 Freud, Sigmund, 315 Helen (of Troy) Fried, Michael, 221 painting by Zeuxis, 213–17 Fronto (Marcus Cornelius Fronto), 287 Helsinger, Elizabeth, 298 funeral orations, 260–1, 286 Hera, 171 funeral ritual, 314 Herculaneum, 30, 137 funerary altars, 168, 174, 299–301 Basilica, 266 of Gaius Licinius Primigenius, 304 Hercules, 243, 283, 376–80, 384–5

498 Index

Hermogenes of Priene, 44, 49–50 Julia Titi, 168 Hermogenes of Tarsus, 29, 327, 337 Julius Caesar, 124 on rhetorical style, 86 Junius Bassus, 341 Herodotus, 58, 63 Junius Euhodus (Caius Junius Euhodus), 326–7 Hippolytus, 278, 345 Jupiter, see Zeus Hollis, Thomas, 301 Juvenal Hölscher, Tonio, 5, 21–2, 94–5, 240 on womens’ hairstyles, 174–5 Homer, ;25, 54, 60, 97, 357, 362–74, 414–15 see also Iliad, Odyssey Kant, Immanuel, 39, 444 Shield of Achilles, 235, 387, 395, 400 Kleiner, Diana, 300 Homeric Hymns, 309 Koortbojian, Michael, 412 Horace, 3, 62, 262 Kopienkritik, 19, 290 houses (Roman), 430–2 kosmos,38 Hume, David, 444 Kristeller, Paul Oskar, 37 Huskinson, Janet, 297 Hyacinth, 283–4 lamprotēs,63 Hylas, 283–4, 293 Lanciani, Rodolfo, 156 Laocoon, 194 identity Laomedon, King, 385 and Greek and Roman art, 20–1 Latium Greek versus Roman, 419–21 Forum Clodii, 144 Iliad, ;262, 317, 353, 369–70 see also Homer laudatio funebris, see funeral orations and the Aeneid, 390–3 Lausberg, Henrich, 361 depictions of, 192, 328–33, 374–86 Lenin, Vladimir Ilyich, 115–17 and the Tabulae Iliacae, 362 Leptis Magna Ilioupersis, 189, 353, 367 Forum, 148 Ilissos Stele, 294 Temple of Augustus, 141 inscriptions Lesches of Pyrrha, 367 on the Arch of Titus, 9, 12–13 Lessing, Gotthold Ephraim, 45, 230, 289 on the Column of Trajan, 106 Libanius, 28–9, 337 decrees, 141 Ligorio, Pirro, 312 dedications of statues, 136–8 Lindos dis manibus, 306 Temple of Athena, 140 funerary, 256, 259, 281–2, 285, 292–4, 299, Ling, Roger, 189–91, 380, 435 306–13, 341 Little Iliad, 353, 367 magic-square, 413–14 Liverpool, 301 on Nestor’s cup, 289 Livia, 138, 144 on the Tabulae Iliacae, 353–6, 362–5, logos,;3–4, 7, 14, 20, 27, 289, 442–3 413–15 see also rhetoric interruptio, see aposiōpēsis and architecture, 19 invective, see epideictic and decor, 223 Iphigenia, 423 and painting, 230 in art and literature, 223–30 and statues, 145–9 Isocrates, 27 and technē,97 as visual style, 6 Jerome, 345 London Jerusalem St George Bloomsbury, 61 Palace of Herod, 58 St George-in-the-East, 61 Job, 343 St Mary Woolnoth, 61 Johnson, B.S., 184 Longus, 27 Jonah, 339 looking, see viewing Josephus, 58 Lorenz, Katharina, 380 Julia the Elder, 138 Lucan, 313

Index 499

Lucian, 13, 25–7, 55–7, 87, 98–101, 107–10, myths 218, 253, 287 depictions in tombs, 180 Lucius Roscius Prepon, 304 as simile and exempla, 262–71, 285 Lucius Turellius Geminus, 137 Lucius Vibius, 295 naturalism, ;26, 220, 236 see also mimesis relief of, 294 Nebuchadnezzar, king, 344–8 Lucus Feroniae, 141 Nemausus Ludi Saeculares, 94 Temple of Gaius and Lucius, 140 Lysias, 27 Nero, 13, 68, 71, 125–6, 141 Newby, Zahra, 221 Magi, 335, 345 Nicaea Magnesia gymnasium, 65 Temple of Artemis Leukophryene, 50 Nicetes of Smyrna, 63, 74 Magritte, René, 291 Nicolaus, 316, 331, 337 Marcus Agrippa, 261 Nicomedia Marcus Aurelius, 15, 287 Temple of Magna Mater, 66 Marcus Ulpius Traianus, 76 Trajanic canal scheme, 67 Marsyas, 204 Trajanic forum, 66 Martial, 72 Niobids, 249 Mau, August, 429 Northern Renaissance, 428 Maussolos, King, 101 novel, 445 Maxentius, 14 nymphaea, 75–8 Medea, 249, 271, 277–80 megethos Odysseus, 279, 314 and beauty, 360 Odyssey, ;54, 73, 314, 389 see also Homer and the Column of Trajan, 101–3, 109–12 Olympia, 130 and nature (physis), 97–8 Metroon, 140, 142–3, 148, 153 opposition with akribeia,95–9, 101, 108 Temple of Zeus, 140 Meleager, 272–6, 332–3 opera, 427, 442, 445 memory Optatian (Publilius Optatianus Porphyrius), and rhetoric, 357–8 403 Quintilian on, 184–8 order, see taxis Menander (dramatist), 189–90 ordinatio,47–8 Menander Rhetor, 16, 318, 326–7, 337 ordo, see taxis Menelaus, 227 Orestes, 249 Messalina, 141 ornament, 75, 81–2, 94–5, 100, 218–19 metron, 356 Ostia Meyer, Michel, 123, 138 Isola Sacra necropolis, 286, 295 Miletus Otho, 127 Market Gate, 81 Ovid, 310, 312 nymphaeaum, 76, 79 elegies of, 263 mimesis, 23–4, 216–17, 231 letter from Sappho to Phaon, 310–11 limits of, 228, 230 on Pygmalion, 179 and painting, 219–20 on statues, 144 painting versus plastic arts, 30 and size, 97–8 paideia, 239, 254, 323 Mitchell, W. J. T., 288 painting, see wall paintings modern art, 428 Palmyra Moses, 339–41 Sanctuary of Bel, 140 Müller, Frank, 259 panegyric, 15–16; see also epideictic mummy portraits, 21, 169–70 basilikos logos,15 Muses, 81, 284 epitaphios,15 Muth, Susanne, 249 paramuthētikos,15

500 Index

Panofsky, Erwin, 6, 288 Pindar, 97 Paris, 267 Piranesi, Giovanni Battista, 91 Vendôme Column, 113 plaster casts, 92 Parrhasius, 29–30, 290 Plato, 55, 59, 98, 178, 316, 415 on painting of Prometheus, 230–1 on taxis, 359 Parsons, Talcott, 5 plebeian art, see freedmen art pathos,;3–7, 13–14, 22, 27, 229, 442–3 Pliny the Elder, 46, 101, 192, 304 see also rhetoric on painting by Protogenes, 221 and funerary art, 332 Pliny the Younger, 67, 74 and painting, 230 architectural criticism in, 65–6 and sarcophagi, 179 ekphrasis in, 65 and statues, 139–45 and the Sublime, 63–6 Patroclus, 328–33 and Tacitus, 65 pattern books, 79 Ploeg, Sophie, 61 Paul, St, 342–3 Plutarch, 66–7, 354 Pausanias, 100, 107 poikilia, 58; see also colour on the ‘Cyclopaean’ walls at Tiryns, 59 Polemon, 123 Pedana polychromy, 92 funerary altar of, 301–13 of statues, 147 Penelope (wife of Odysseus), 281 Polyclitus, 25, 27, 98 Penthesilea, 246–7, 327, 392 statue of the Diadumenus, 294 Pergamum, 85 statue of the Doryphorus, 85, 97 Pericles, 64 Pompeii, 30 Pernot, Laurent, 336 I.10 (Insula del Menandro), 190 Perry, Ellen, 223 I.10.4 (Casa del Menandro), 183–8, 190 Persephone, 240–3, 248–9, 308–9, 314 I.3.25 (Casa dei Guerrieri), 203 Perseus and Andromeda, 195–200, 204, 206 I.6.2 (Casa del Criptoportico), 375, 381, 434 Persians, 4, 6 I.6.4 (Casa del Sacello Iliaco), 192, 375 personiﬁcation, 327–8, 330 II.2.2 (Casa di Octavius Quartio), 207, Peter, Saint, 339–43 374–86 Petra V.4.a (Casa di Marcus Lucretius Fronto), Deir, 69 440 Khasneh, 69 VI.7.23 (Casa di Apollo), 69 Tomb of the Broken Pediment, 81 VI.8.3-5 (Casa del Poeta Tragico), 223–30, Petrarch, 444 267, 412 Phaedra, 278 VI.15.1 (Casa dei Vettii), 440 phantasia, 2, 13, 24–5, 235–6 VII.16.22 (Casa di Fabius Rufus), 208 Phidias, 25, 27, 87, 98 VII.2.16 (Casa di Gavius Rufus), 266 statue of Athena Parthenos, 27, 101 VII.7.32 (Tempio di Apollo), 192 statue of Olympian Zeus, 30, 85, IX.9.c (Casa di Sulpicius Rufus), 439 97–100 Villa of the Mysteries, 434, 436–9 Philo of Alexandria, 62 Pompey, 313 Philo of Byzantium, 50 Porter, James, 212 Philostratus the Elder, 28, 30 portraits, see also statues on beauty and death, 331 and ēthos,18 ekphrasis in, 251–5 recutting of, 15 on painting and colour, 220–1 Posidippus, 2 Philostratus the Younger, 63, 108, 252 Postumius Terentianus, 63 Phoenix, 382–4 Praxiteles physiognomy statue of Aphrodite of Knidos, 290 Suetonius on, 126–8 Priam, 194, 382–4 picture-poems, see technopaegnia Priene, 38 pietas, 147 procession, 12–13

Index 501

Procne, 278 and art, 23–30 Progymnasmata, ;15, 316–17, 321, 328, 331 and brilliance, 63 see also rhetoric, handbooks of city-praise, 17 prolaliae,28 definitions of, 3–6, 23–30, 44, 316–17 Prometheus, 230–1 differences between visual and verbal, 3, 8, Propertius, 310, 312 22 and mythological exempla, 263 and education, 1, 23, 229 prosōpopoeia, see personification and ēthos–logos–pathos model, 3–5, 13–14, proprietas, see decor 23–30, 132–3, 150–1, 223, 442–3 Protogenes, 25, 221 and exempla, 264 Prudentius, 27 and grandeur, 86 Prusa Greek versus Roman, 419, 422 baths, 65 handbooks of, 22, 263, 286 stoa, 66 and identity, 23 Pseudo-Dionysius, 286 and memory, 13, 24, 43, 357–8, 405–16 Pseudo-Longinus, 107 and painting, 218 and the Column of Trajan, 110 in Pliny the Younger, 63–4 and the gaze, 52 and res and verba,44 impact on architectural description, 85–6 and sculpture, 218 impact on architecture, 85 and setting, 87–8 impact on eighteenth-century European and statues, 153–4 architects, 51–68 and style, 27 on megethos and akribeia,96–8 and taste, 64 on the Sublime, 51–68, 72–4 and theatre, 422 translations of, 61 Riegl, Alois, 5 Psyche, 320 Rilke, Rainer Maria, 179 Publius Vitellius Successus, 305 Ripanda, Jacopo, 91 Puteoli, 304 Rome Pygmalion, 179 Arch of Augustus, 13 Pytheos, 38, 44 Arch of Claudius, 13 Arch of Constantine, 14–17 Quintilian, 7, 22, 38–9, 44, 57, 231, 263, 328, Arch of Nero, 13 356, 373, 405–6, 409 Arch of Septimius Severus, 16 on ars and colour, 222 Arch of Titus, 8–17 on difference between poetry and oratory, 286 Cesi Palace, 301 on dispositio and ordo, 47, 399 Circus Maximus, 112 on enargeia, 312 Column of Marcus Aurelius, 102–4, 107–8, on Homer, 370–3 113 on limits of expression, 227–8 Column of Trajan, 14, 75, 89–114 on memory and mnemonics, 184–7, 408, Domus Aurea, 68, 440 411, 413, 416 Domus Transitoria, 192 on ornament, 219 Forum and Markets of Trajan, 68, 74–6, 83, on painting and rhetoric, 211–12 107–8 on perspective, 219–20 funerary monument of Flavius Agricola, and phantasia, 254 256 on posture and gesture, 180 House of Augustus on the Palatine, 434, 436 on use of exempla, 263 House of Valerius Publicola on the Velia, 66 Quintus Socconius Felix, 305 Mausoleum of Hadrian, 85, 176 Palace of Domitian, 65–6, 72, 75 Rabirius, 71 Pantheon, 82–4 replication, 19–20, 24 Parthian Arch of Nero, 71 rhetoric, 6, 42–3 Porta Portuensis, 299 and architecture, 24, 39, 42–4, 56, 86–7 porta triumphalis,16

502 Index

Rome (cont.) Romulus and Remus on, 324 Porticus Philippi, 192 tree-sarcophagi, 342–3 San Paolo fuori le mura, 343 Sauron, Gilles, 438 San Sebastiano, 342 Scott, Sir Walter, 301 Santa Maria Maggiore, 301 Segobriga, 137 Temple of Divus Augustus, 140 Selene, 244–6, 269–70 Temple of Honour and Virtue, 43 Seneca the Elder, 30, 46, 230–1, 260, 286, 415 Temple of Jupiter Capitolinus, 38 Seneca the Younger, 292 Temple of Venus and Roma, 85 Servius Auctus, 393–5, 397 Temple of Venus Victrix, 40 Severus (architect), 68 Theatre of Pompey, 40 Shakespeare, 425 Tomb of Eurysaces, 109 Simmias, 402 Tomb of the Haterii, 293 Simonides, 7, 288–9, 354, 405–7 Romulus, 313 size, see megethos Rose, C. Brian, 136 Smyrna, 85 Rouveret, Agnès, 412 Ephesian gates, 63 Rusellae Soane, Sir John, 40 Augusteum, 141 on rhetoric and architecture, 45 Ruskin, John, 57–8, 60, 85 Socrates, 178, 217, 415 Sophocles, 97 Sappho, 310–11 Statius, 311 sarcophagi, 21, 156, 304 consolations, 257–62, 274–5 abduction of Persephone on, 240–3, 248–9 on womens’ hairstyles, 257–9 Achilles and Chiron on, 323 use of myths, 264–71, 277–81, 283–5 Achilles and Hector on, 328–33 statues, 419 Achilles and Penthesilea on, 248, 327 and animation, 178–9 Adonis and Aphrodite on, 249–50 attacks on, 129 Alcestis and Admetus on, 281–3 and audience, 22, 151 of Balbinus, 324–6 of Augustus, 121 biographical, 284, 326 of Caligula, 118, 121 Christian sarcophagi, 318–20, 333–47 and conventions, 129–32, 146–7 and depictions of myths, 30 dedicators of, 134–9 Dionysiac imagery on, 319 and dolls, 157–65 Endymion and Selene on, 244–6, 248, of Domitian, 71 269–70 at Ephesus, 79–81 Erotes on, 284–5 and ēthos, 134–9 Ganymede on, 324 groups, 140 garland, 319–20 hairstyles of, 162–5, 167–74 and gender, 269–70, 274 honoriﬁc, 18 Medea on, 257, 277–80 and likeness, 151 Meleager on, 272–6, 332–3 and local meanings, 149 of Metilia Acte, 282–3, 326–7 and logos, 145–9 Muses on, 284 and pathos, 139–45 myths on, 238–40, 250–1, 257, 259–60, portrait types, 112–13 267–8, 270 and presence and ritual, 143–4 Niobids on, 272–3 private portraits, 161 and pathos, 19, 179 and proportion, 85 Portonaccio sarcophagus, 297 and repetition, 149 and portraits, 249–51, 270, 280–3, 298, and rhetoric, 153–4 321–7, 341–2 and setting, 140–3 Protesilaos and Laodameia on, 283 and technē,97 and rhetoric, 320–1 of Trajan, 78, 112–13

Index 503

and viewing, 144–5 and memory, 405–16 of women, 155, 294 and the Tabulae Iliacae, 361–7 Steno, Nicolas, 346 and technopaegnia, 402–3 Stesichorus, 367, 373 technē, 356 Stilwandel, 108 opposition with logos,97–8 Stoicism, 421 technopaegnia, 402–3 Strabo, 85, 95–6, 98 Terence, 423, 444 Sublime Thasos, 138 and amplification, 55 theatre and architecture, 74–6 Greek versus Roman, 422–3 and arrangement, 60 Thebes, 59 and art and nature, 57 Colossus of Memnon, 289 and ascent, 53–4 Theodorus of Samos, 356 and attainability, 54 Theon, 328, 336 and avoidance of swelling (tumor), 53 Theorus and brightness, 57 painting of the Trojan War, 192 and the Column of Trajan, 110–11 Thermopylae and detail, 96–7 Pylaea, 67 and ecstasy, 53 Theseus, 246, 266–7, 270 early origins, 62 thiasos,76 and height, 52, 54, 82–4 Three Hebrews, 343–8 and hyperbole, 59–60 Tiberius, 128, 138, 144, 153 and mass, 58 Tiberius Octavius Diadumenus, 294 and materials, 56 Timanthes and monumentality, 55 painting of the sacrifice of Iphigenia, 211–23 and the Pantheon, 82–4 Tiryns and perfection, 59 ‘Cyclopaean’ wall, 59 Pliny the Younger on, 63–4 Titus, ;8–14, 142 see also Rome, Arch of Titus responses to, 56 Tivoli and rhythm, 59 Hadrian’s Villa, 85 and rustication, 57 tonos,50 and unity, 55 trachytēs, see asperitas and variety, 58 tragedy, 423 Suetonius Aristotle on, 359–60 on the appearance of emperors, 115–29 Trajan, 15, 65, 78, 167 and audience, 151 and the Column of Trajan, 89–114 on movement and mannerisms, 152–3 and the Commentarii de bello Dacico,94 Sulpicius Victor, 390 Forum and Markets in Rome, 67–8 symmetria,49 Trebula Suffenas, 137 synkrisis,16–17, 330–3 triumphal arch, 8–14, 17 and typology, 338–41 Troilus, 392 synopsis, 360, 373, 385 Troy, 271, see also Iliad in Roman wall painting, 192–5, 375 Tabula of Cebes, 27 on the Tabulae Iliacae, 353 Tabulae Iliacae, 21, 353–8, 361–7, 371–4, 386 Turnus, 60 and mnemonics, 412–15 typology, see Christian art Tacitus, 63, 65, 67 Tanner, Jeremy, 5 uariatio, 127 taxis, 357–61, 370–1, 414 uirtus, 147 in the Casa di Octavius Quartio paintings, Ulpian, 292 376–86 utilitas,48–9, 67 and Homer, 367–74 and architecture, 74–6

504 Index

utilitas (cont.) wall paintings, 419, 423–5 and the Sublime, 74 August Mau on, 429–30 in architecture and rhetoric, 38 of Dionysiac ritual (Villa of the Mysteries, Pompeii), 436–9 Valerius Maximus, 225 of Dirce (Casa del Menandro, Pompeii), Varner, Eric, 290, 294 200–2 veil, 172 First Style, 430–1 Velia, 136 Fourth Style, 189–90, 195, 202, 210, 376, Venus, ;175–6, 179, 308 see also Aphrodite 440–1 Vespasian, 8–12, 132, 142 of Helen (of Troy) (Croton), 213–17 Vestal Virgins, 173 and mimesis, 219–20, 426 Veyne, Paul, 93, 301 and ornament, 218–19 Vickers, Brian, 298 and pathos,19 viewing of Perseus and Andromeda, 196 artists as viewers, 104, 107–8 of Perseus and Andromeda (Casa dei and choice, 13–14, 385–6 Guerrieri, Pompeii), 203 and the Column of Trajan, 89–114 of Perseus and Andromeda (Casa del and expectations, 144–6 Menandro, Pompeii), 189, 195–200, and the gaze, 22 203–4, 206 imperial viewers, 113 relationship to other arts, 443–5 and modern expectations, 109 of the sacrifice of Iphigenia, 223–30 and movement, 12 Second Style, 431–9 and participation, 298 theatrical architecture in (Casa di Apollo, spectator figures in art, 291 Pompeii), 69 worthy viewers, 111–13 Third Style, 53, 439–40 Virgil, 416 topography and topology of, 183–204 Aeneid, 60, 394 Wallace-Hadrill, Andrew, 125, 432 ekphrasis in the Aeneid, 386–7, 398 Warburg, Aby, 288 order (taxis/ordo) in, 387–401 Wardman, A. E., 125 on the Shield of Aeneas, 395–400 Waywell, Geoffrey, 304 on the Temple of Juno at Carthage, 387–90 Weitzmann, Kurt, 380 Vitellius, 128 Winckelmann, Johann Joachim, 19 Vitruvius, 18, 38–9, 53–4, 67, 375 on asperitas versus tumor,50–1 Xenophon, 415 on the basilica at Fanum, 50 on decor, 223 Zanker, Paul, 5, 169, 239, 249, 251, 260 definition of architecture, 43–4 Zbarsky, Ilya, 115–17 on eurythmia, symmetria, and decor,49 zēlos,23–4, 231 on ordinatio, dispositio, and distributio, Zeus, 130, 141, 149, 153 47–8, 60 statue by Phidias, 99–100 on ornament, 74 Zeuxis, 290 Vulcan, 396 painting of Helen at Croton, 24–6, 213–17, 225