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Thesis (Complete) UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) The shared protection of human rights at the International Criminal Court Irving, E.-L. Publication date 2017 Document Version Final published version License Other Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): Irving, E-L. (2017). The shared protection of human rights at the International Criminal Court. General rights It is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), other than for strictly personal, individual use, unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). Disclaimer/Complaints regulations If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please Ask the Library: https://uba.uva.nl/en/contact, or a letter to: Library of the University of Amsterdam, Secretariat, Singel 425, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands. You will be contacted as soon as possible. UvA-DARE is a service provided by the library of the University of Amsterdam (https://dare.uva.nl) Download date:02 Oct 2021 The Shared Protection of Human Rights at the International Criminal Court Emma Irving The Shared Protection of Human Rights at the International Criminal Court ACADEMISCH PROEFSCHRIFT ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor aan de Universiteit van Amsterdam op gezag van de Rector Magnicus prof. dr. ir. K.I.J. Maex ten overstaan van een door het College voor Promoties ingestelde commissie, in het openbaar te verdedigen in de Agnietenkapel op vrijdag 24 maart 2017, te 12:00 uur door Emma-Leigh Irving geboren te Peterborough, Verenigd Koninkrijk Promotiecommissie Promotores prof. dr. P.A. Nollkaemper Universiteit van Amsterdam prof. dr. G.K. Sluiter Universiteit van Amsterdam Copromotor dr. C.M. Brölmann Universiteit van Amsterdam Overige leden prof. dr. Y.M. Donders Universiteit van Amsterdam prof. dr. M.Y.A. Zieck Universiteit van Amsterdam dr. D. Abels Universiteit van Amsterdam prof. dr. N.M. Blokker Universiteit van Leiden prof. dr. L.J van den Herik Universiteit van Leiden prof. dr. E. van Sliedregt Leeds University Faculteit der Rechtsgeleerdheid This research was undertaken as part of the SHARES Research Project on Shared Responsibility in International Law Cover Image downloaded from ICC website (www.icc-cpi.int/contact) Thesis printed by IPSKAMP Printing (www.proefschriften.net) 1. Acknowledgments My first thanks go to my two supervisors, Professors André Nollkaemper and Göran Sluiter, for giving me the opportunity to undertake this doctoral research project. Your sharp eyes and detailed feedback have been crucial to making this project a success. Dr. Kiki Brölmann, thank you for your insights and feedback as my daily supervisor (especially over sushi!). In particular Kiki, thank you for your encouragement and unwavering belief that I would finish the project, it gave me much strength. I am greatly indebted to my reading Committee, thank you for taking the time to assess my work. I am honoured to be considered for admittance to the academic community by such eminent guardians of the gates. My research was much enriched by the time I spent as a Visiting Scholar at Cornell University (USA) where I met wonderful people who brought new perspectives to my attention. In particular Professor Jens Ohlin, who encouraged me to push the boundaries of my thinking. Thank you for our weekly meetings, which were inspiring and challenging in the best of ways. I have been helped along the PhD path by many people, a few of which I will mention here. Professor Yvonne Donders, thank you for taking the time to teach me about the many aspects of academic life, and for always doing it with a smile and a laugh. Professor Larissa van den Herik, thank you for your mentorship from very early on. Your support and belief have meant the world to me. Dr. Markus Gehring, thank you for introducing me to public international law as a young Cambridge student, and for putting me on the PhD path all the way back then. I am particularly grateful for the community I have been a part of during my time at the UvA, which made the PhD process a far cry from the solitary endeavour that others had described to me. Thank you André, for bringing the SHARES project together, and Martine for keeping the project’s wheels turning. Nataša, Nienke, Isabelle, Kathryn, Christiane, Bérénice, Jessica, and Ilias, I feel blessed for the family we formed and the support we gave each other. Thank you to my two roomies, Maarten and Nik, for the laughs and the consolations, it was a joy seeing you every day at work. I am very glad our office plants survived until the end. Thank you to my two paranymphs, Bérénice and Marta, for agreeing to help me as I embark on the defence process, and for being so excited about it! And to everyone in the E-building of the OMHP, of which there are too many to mention, thank you for the stimulating and uplifting work environment, and for accepting my Christmas oddities. To my wonderful friends and family, thank you for standing by me during this process. What I have been doing for these four years has sometimes seemed a mystery (even to myself!), but you never ceased to try and understand, and for that I am more grateful than i you know. To my parents and brothers, thank you for always letting me know proud you are. Lara, Lotte, Imogen, Jolana – thank you for keeping me grounded and sane. And finally, to Ewoud my husband. Thank you for your unconditional love, unbending support, and absolute faith in me; for celebrating the high moments, and for reminding me that the lows would pass. I simply would not have made it here without you. ii 2. Table of Contents Acknowledgments ............................................................................................................ i Table of Contents ........................................................................................................... iii Abbreviations .................................................................................................................. vi 1. CHAPTER 1: Introduction ..................................................................................... 1 1.1. Purpose of the Study ........................................................................................ 1 1.2. The Research Question ................................................................................... 3 1.2.1. Shared Stages of ICC Proceedings ............................................................ 3 1.2.2. Different Types of Involvement ................................................................. 5 1.2.3. Adequacy and Inadequacy of Protection in Shared Stages of ICC Proceedings .............................................................................................................. 6 1.3. Approach .......................................................................................................... 8 1.4. Methodology ..................................................................................................... 9 1.5. Organisation of the Chapters ........................................................................ 11 2. CHAPTER 2: The Basis for the Human Rights Obligations of the ICC and States ............................................................................................................................. 13 2.1. Introduction ................................................................................................... 13 2.2. Obligations of the ICC ................................................................................... 14 2.2.1. Within the Rome Statute Protection Framework .................................... 14 2.2.2. Beyond the Rome Statute Protection Framework ................................... 21 2.2.3. The Limits of the ICC’s Human Rights Law Obligations ....................... 22 2.2.4. The Approach to the ICC’s Obligations Adopted in this Thesis ............ 23 2.3. Obligations of State Parties to the Rome Statute ........................................ 24 2.3.1. Within the Rome Statute Protection Framework ................................... 24 2.3.2. Beyond the Rome Statute Protection Framework ................................... 25 2.3.3. Conflicting Obligations ............................................................................ 30 2.4. Obligations of the ICC Host State ................................................................ 32 2.4.1. Within Rome Statute Protection Framework .......................................... 32 2.4.2. Beyond the Rome Statute Protection Framework ................................... 32 2.5. Conclusion ...................................................................................................... 35 3. CHAPTER 3: Suspects and Accused .................................................................... 37 3.1. Introduction ................................................................................................... 37 3.2. Interrogation of Suspects on the Territory of States ................................... 38 3.2.1. Introduction ............................................................................................. 38 3.2.2. Obligations of the ICC ............................................................................. 40 3.2.3. Obligations of the Investigation
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