DOCSLIB.ORG

Intraspecific Taxonomy and Nomenclature of the Danube

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Intraspecic taxonomy and nomenclature of theDanube crested newt, Triturus dobrogicus SpartakN. Litvinchuk 1,2,LeoJ. Borkin 1 1 ZoologicalInstitute, Russian Academy ofSciences, 199034St. Petersburg, Russia 2 Instituteof Cytology, Russian Academy ofSciences, 194064St. Petersburg, Russia Abstract. ThePannonian and Danube Delta populationsof Triturusdobrogicus are well separated morpholog- icallyfrom each other.We recognizetwo subspecies of theDanube crested newt.The nominotypic subspecies inhabitsthe Danube Delta. Triturusdobrogicus macrosomus (Boulenger,1908), comb. and stat. nov., occurs in theremaining part of the species’ range. Introduction TheDanube crested newt has been described as a varietyof the crested newt, Triton cristatus var. dobrogicus Kiritzescu,1903, from lakesin the environsof Sulina,Tulcea and theDanube River Delta in the northern part of Dobrogeain Romania (Kiritzescu, 1903). However,the name was placedin the synonymy of thenominotypic subspecies of Triturus cristatus (“Tritoncristatus typus”— Schreiber,1912: 110; “ Molgecristata cristata ” — Nikolsky,1918: 202). W olterstorff(1923) created a newsubspecies of the crested newt underthe name “ Tritoncristatus danubialis ”.He consideredthe “ forma dobrogica” as a localDobrogean form includedin hisnew subspecies. Nevertheless, Mertens and Mü ller (1928,1940) regardedboth forms astwo different subspecies, Trituruscristatus dobrogicus and T.c.danubialis .Accordingto these authors, the former subspeciesoccurs in the DanubeDelta, and the latter is distributed over the remaining part of thespecies’ range. Someother authors (e.g., C alinescu,Æ 1931; Fuhn, 1953) did not support this opinion. They believedthat both taxa occurred in the Danube Delta. Indeed, Fuhn (1953) recognized threevarieties of thesubspecies T.c.danubialis inRomania, namely: T.c.danubialis sensu stricto, T.c.danubialis var. dobrogicus and new T.c.danubialis var. intermedia. The two former varietieswere sympatricin the Delta, with a preponderanceof the rst one.Based onthe geographic de nition of subspecies and the general similarity of danubialis and c KoninklijkeBrill NV ,Leiden,2000 Amphibia-Reptilia21: 419-430 ° 420 SpartakN. Litvinchuk,Leo J. Borkin dobrogicus,someauthors synonymized them as Trituruscristatus dobrogicus (Fuhn,1960; Mertensand W ermuth,1960; Fuhn and Freytag, 1961), a solutionthat became widely accepted. Theapplication of biochemicaland cytogenetic methods to the systematics of crested newtsover the last decades has resulted in the elevation of thesubspecies to full species rank(Bucci-Innocenti et al.,1983; Macgregor et al., 1990), and this status was evidenced bydataobtained from studieson thecontact zones of thesetaxa (W allisand Arntzen, 1989; Litvinchuket al., 1994, 1997, 1999). The new concept of the T.cristatus superspecies stimulatedre-evaluation of the taxonomic structure of the “ new”species. Recently, two subspecieswere recognizedwithin T. carnifex and T.karelinii ,respectively(Kalezi c´ et al., 1997;Litvinchuk et al.,1999). The range of T.dobrogicus consistsof two parts, restricted to the Pannonian and Dobrogeanlowlands, respectively (Arntzen et al., 1997; g.1).Based on thesmall range, relativerarity and rapid loss of habitat,Arntzen et al.(1997) considered the conservation status of T.dobrogicus asvulnerable. The species is protected by the Berne Convention (theAnnex II) andis included to the 1996 IUCN RedList of ThreatenedAnimals under thecategory “ datade cient” (Oliveira et al.,1997). Thegoal of thepresent paper is to re-evaluatethe taxonomic composition of T. dobrogi- cus andits nomenclature. Materialsand methods Westudiedthe Pannonian T.dobrogicus from threeY ugoslavianlocalities, and from eleven localitiesin the Ukrainian Transcarpathians ( ZakarpatskayaProvince). The Dobrogean D sampleswere studiedfrom fourUkrainian localities (Odessa Province) in theDanube Delta (g. 1). W ealsostudied a Moldaviansample, and a specimenwith uncertain origin (the holotype of Molgemacrosoma ). For morphometricanalysis, we used163 adult specimens of T.dobrogicus (tables 1 and2). The following characteristics were measuredwith dial callipers (to the nearest 0.1mm) for eachindividual: TL istotallength; L isbody length, from thesnout to thefront edgeof thecloacal split; Lcd is taillength, from theanterioredge of thecloacal split to the tailtip; LiE is distancebetween fore andhind extremities; Pa andPp are fore- andhindlimb length,respectively; Lc is head length, from thesnout to the border of themouth angle; Ltcis thehead width between the mouth angles. WI isthe “ WolterstorffIndex” , givenas ratiobetween Pa andLiE (in percents). Principal component analysis was performedfor bothsexes on thestandardized residuals of theregression of naturallogarithm of sizedata withSYST AT5.0(Wilkinson, 1989). Discriminant analysis was performedseparately for malesand females on thenatural logarithm of sizedata with ST ATISTICA 6.0.Lcd was removedin these analyses because of incompletenessof data. Taxonomy of Triturusdobrogicus 421 Figure 1. Distributionof Triturusdobrogicus ,withlocalities studied (1 — UkrainianTranscarpathians: Batevo, Chop,Chornyi Potok, D’ yakovo,Dobroselje, Drisina, Gat’ , MalyeGeevtsy, Minai, Mukachevo, Shalanka; 2 — Yugoslavia:Ostrovo; 3 —Yugoslavia:Radoevo; 4 —Yugoslavia:Obetska Bara; 5—Moldavia:Kagul; 6 — Odessa Province:Reni; 7 —Odessa Province:Izmail; 8—Odessa Province:Vilkovo, Leski). Anatomicalpreparations (dissection, “ dry”skeleton, alizarin treatments) and larval externalsegmentation were usedfor examinationof thenumber of rib-bearingvertebrae (atlasexcluded). Additional information about color and belly spots distribution was studiedon animals alive in the eldor in captivity, and on preserved specimens (only patterning).The total sample consisted of 320adults, 21 juvenileand 58 larvalspecimens. In1994-1997, we crossednewts representing various members of the T.cristatus superspecies;within T.dobrogicus ,animalsfrom variousparts of the range were also involved.All crosses were carriedout at room temperature (20-25 ±C)inaquaria 60-100 l volume.Eggs deposited on vegetation were collecteddaily and transferred to shallow bowlswhere development continued. Larvae were keptin identicalconditions and reared in aquaria(20-30 l volume),with density between 10 and40 larvaeper aquarium, depending onthestage of developmentand the size of animals(exclude larval cannibalism). Embryo andlarval survival rates were determinedas the number of hatchingembryos (beginning activefeeding) and metamorphosed juveniles, respectively, in relation to the number of fertilizedeggs. Results Theresults of the principal component analysis demonstrated separation of the Danube Deltaand Pannonian populations of T.dobrogicus .Inthe two-dimensional plot ( g. 2)we 422 Table 1. Variation of morphometric characters in males of the Pannonian, Moldavian and Danube Delta samples of Triturus dobrogicus. s is a standard deviation. The ratio Ltc/L is given in percents. Character Transcarpathians1 (n 19) Transcarpathians2 (n 17) Yugoslavia (n 12) Moldavia (n 2) Danube Delta (n 49) D D D D D Mean s Range Mean s Range Mean s Range Range Mean s Range TL* 117.6 2.9 115.0-120.8 99.0 – – – – – – 115.4 8.0 93.5-131.0 L 64.7 4.9 55.4-74.5 61.4 6.0 48.0-70.7 62.7 4.2 53.6-68.7 63.0-64.1 61.1 4.6 51.0-69.0 Lcd* 51.7 2.2 50.0-54.1 45.0 – – – – – – 54.1 4.5 41.5-62.0 LiE 38.2 3.8 31.1-47.7 35.5 4.8 24.8-43.8 37.8 3.5 31.9-43.1 35.9-36.8 33.9 3.0 29.2-39.8 Pa 19.4 2.2 14.3-22.5 19.2 1.7 15.7-22.0 18.7 2.4 15.0-23.4 18.6-17.0 20.2 2.2 15.3-25.0 Pp 21.1 1.9 18.0-26.0 20.7 1.8 17.0-24.0 21.0 1.9 18.0-25.0 17.0-18.0 21.6 2.2 16.0-27.0 Lc 6.2 0.5 5.4-7.0 6.3 0.4 5.7-7.4 5.9 0.4 5.3-6.7 5.9-6.2 7.0 0.6 5.8-8.5 Ltc 8.4 0.6 7.2-9.8 8.3 0.8 7.2-10.3 8.2 0.5 7.4-9.0 8.2-8.5 8.9 0.5 7.8-10.0 WI 50.9 3.6 43.0-56.7 54.4 5.0 43.6-64.5 49.6 5.0 43.3-57.1 47.4-50.5 59.6 6.2 47.1-70.5 Ltc/L 13.0 0.8 11.8-14.6 13.6 1.1 11.2-15.2 13.1 0.9 11.6-14.7 13.0-13.3 14.7 1.0 12.3-16.9 1 Samples collected in the Ukrainian Transcarpathians beyond the contact zone with T. cristatus (more than 20 km); 2 samples collected close to the contact zone; * for characters TL and Lcd, the number of specimens examined from Transcarpathians1 are equal to 3, Transcarpathians2 is 1, Danube Delta is 48. Table 2. Variation of morphometric characters in the holotype of Molge macrosoma and females of the Pannonian, Moldavian and Danube Delta samples of Triturus dobrogicus. Character Holotype Transcarpathians1 Transcarpathians2 Yugoslavia Moldavia Danube Delta (n 11) (n 19) (n 5) (n 1) (n 27) D D D D D Mean s Range Mean s Range Mean s Range Mean s Range pra Spartak TL* 183.9 – – – 125.9 6.0 125.0-132.0 – – – – 120.9 14.4 95.0-152.5 L 96.7 74.3 5.9 65.2-83.3 66.4 5.6 54.0-74.9 69.7 6.9 63.2-78.0 65.8 64.5 7.5 52.5-83.1 Lcd* 87.2 – – – 56.6 0.9 55.5-57.5 – – – – 56.5 7.1 42.0-71.0 N. LiE 61.7 46.2 3.4 40.0-52.8 40.7 4.3 31.0-50.0 42.9 5.2 36.0-49.6 40.0 38.0 4.9 29.0-52.3 Litvinchuk, Pa 26.2 18.0 1.7 15.0-20.0 17.4 1.2 15.0-19.3 17.8 1.6 16.1-20.0 15.0 17.2 2.1 12.2-21.5 Pp 26.0 18.6 1.1 17.0-20.0 18.6 1.7 16.0-21.0 18.6 1.5 17.0-20.0 17.0 18.0 2.2 13.0-23.0 Lc 7.5 6.6 0.5 5.9-7.4 6.4 0.5 5.6-7.6 6.3 0.6 5.8-7.1 6.1 6.9 0.7 5.7-8.0 Ltc 12.1 8.7 0.7 7.5-9.9 8.4 0.5 7.8-9.3 8.4 1.0 7.3-9.4 8.0 9.3 0.9 7.5-11.0 Leo WI 42.5 38.9 2.2 34.9-41.5 43.2 3.3 36.6-50.0 41.8 4.9 37.3-49.7 37.5 45.7 4.9 39.7-60.7 .J.
Recommended publications
  • <I>Ichthyosaura Alpestris</I>

    <I>Ichthyosaura Alpestris</I>

    Volume 26 (January 2016), 49–56 FULL PAPER Herpetological Journal Published by the British Provenance of Ichthyosaura alpestris (Caudata: Herpetological Society Salamandridae) introductions to France and New Zealand assessed by mitochondrial DNA analysis Jan W. Arntzen1, Tania M. King2, Mathieu Denoël3, Iñigo Martínez-Solano4,5 & Graham P. Wallis2 1Naturalis Biodiversity Center, PO Box 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands 2Department of Zoology, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand 3Behavioural Biology Unit, Department of Biology, Ecology and Evolution, University of Liège, Quai van Beneden 22, 4020 Liège, Belgium 4CIBIO-InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Campus Agrário de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, Rua Padre Armando Quintas, s/n 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal 5(present address) Ecology, Evolution, and Development Group, Department of Wetland Ecology, Doñana Biological Station, CSIC, c/ Americo Vespucio, s/n, 41092, Seville, Spain The last century has seen an unparalleled movement of species around the planet as a direct result of human activity, which has been a major contributor to the biodiversity crisis. Amphibians represent a particularly vulnerable group, exacerbated by the devastating effects of chytrid fungi. We report the malicious translocation and establishment of the alpine newt (Ichthyosaura alpestris) to its virtual antipode in North Island of New Zealand. We use network analysis of mitochondrial DNA haplotypes to identify the original source population as I. a. apuana from Tuscany, Italy. Additionally, a population in southern France, presumed to be introduced, is identified as I. a. alpestris from western Europe. However, the presence of two differentiated haplotypes suggests a mixed origin.
  • Is the Danube Crested Newt Triturus Dobrogicus Polytypic? a Review and New Nuclear DNA Data

    Is the Danube Crested Newt Triturus Dobrogicus Polytypic? a Review and New Nuclear DNA Data

    This is a repository copy of Is the Danube crested newt Triturus dobrogicus polytypic? A review and new nuclear DNA data. White Rose Research Online URL for this paper: http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/104514/ Version: Accepted Version Article: Wielstra, B. orcid.org/0000-0002-7112-5965, Voeroes, J. and Arntzen, J.W. (2016) Is the Danube crested newt Triturus dobrogicus polytypic? A review and new nuclear DNA data. Amphibia-Reptilia , 37 (2). pp. 167-177. ISSN 0173-5373 https://doi.org/10.1163/15685381-00003041 Reuse Items deposited in White Rose Research Online are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved unless indicated otherwise. They may be downloaded and/or printed for private study, or other acts as permitted by national copyright laws. The publisher or other rights holders may allow further reproduction and re-use of the full text version. This is indicated by the licence information on the White Rose Research Online record for the item. Takedown If you consider content in White Rose Research Online to be in breach of UK law, please notify us by emailing [email protected] including the URL of the record and the reason for the withdrawal request. [email protected] https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/ 1 Is the Danube crested newt Triturus dobrogicus polytypic? A review and new nuclear DNA data 2 3 Short title: Is the Danube crested newt Triturus dobrogicus polytypic? 4 5 Ben Wielstra1,2,*, Judit Vörös3, Jan W. Arntzen2 6 1Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, S10 2TN Sheffield, UK. 7 2Naturalis Biodiversity Center, P.
  • EVER-EARLIER BREEDING MIGRATIONS by ALPINE NEWTS (TRITURUS ALPESTRIS) LIVING WILD in BRITAIN 434 Falmer Road, Woodingdean, Brigh

    EVER-EARLIER BREEDING MIGRATIONS by ALPINE NEWTS (TRITURUS ALPESTRIS) LIVING WILD in BRITAIN 434 Falmer Road, Woodingdean, Brigh

    Bntish Herpetological Society Bulletin, No. 51, 1995. EVER-EARLIER BREEDING MIGRATIONS BY ALPINE NEWTS (TRITURUS ALPESTRIS) LIVING WILD IN BRITAIN TREVOR J.C. BEEBEE 434 Falmer Road, Woodingdean, Brighton BN2 6LG Alpine Newts have been living and breeding in my garden and its ponds ever since the introduction of just a few individuals nearly 20 years ago, before the Wildlife & Countryside Act rendered such deviant behaviour inadmissable. Triturus alpestris proved very successful, rapidly building up to such numbers as to become the second most abundant of the four species using my ponds every year. One aspect of Alpine Newt behaviour that became apparent very early on, however, was late arrival at the ponds in spring. Over the first five years when the colony was becoming established the average day of first sighting an Alpine Newt was March 17th; this was a good six weeks later than the first Smooth Newts, which arrived around the start of February, and some five weeks later than the Palmates and Crested Newts that share the same pools. One thing I have tried to do over the years is to keep accurate records of the dates upon which newts first enter my ponds. This is not difficult since it involves no more than stepping outside the back door for a few minutes after dark and inspecting the ponds (which are cleared of weed every autumn) with a powerful torch. I am therefore pretty confident that my records are accurate, at least to within a day or two. On the basis of these observations, a dramatic trend is apparent over the 17 years since the newts were first introduced.
  • DANUBEPARKS Strategy on Conservation and Navigation

    DANUBEPARKS Strategy on Conservation and Navigation

    1 Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve 2 Srebarna Nature Reserve 3 Kalimok-Brushlen Protected Site 4 Rusenski Lom Nature Park 5 Persina Nature Park 6 Djerdap National Park 7 Gornje Podunavlje Special Nature Reserve 8 Kopački rit Nature Park 9 Lonjsko Polje Nature Park 10 Duna-Dráva National Park 11 Duna-Ipoly National Park 12 Dunajské luhy Protected Landscape Area 13 Záhorie Protected Landscape Area 14 Donau-Auen National Park 15 Donauauwald Neuburg Ingolstadt DANUBEPARKS Strategy on ConServation Author: Alexander Zinke, and navigation Zinke Environment Consulting for Central and Eastern Europe, Vienna network of protected areas Acknowledgements This document has been prepared under the ETC-SEE Project Danube Parks Work Package 3 (EU number SEE EoI/A/064/2.3/X), coordinated by the project manager, Georg Frank from the National Park Danube Floodplains in Orth/Austria. The document has been drafted by Alexander Zinke, Zinke Environment Consulting for Central and Eastern Europe, Vienna. Technical advise has kindly been provided by Carl Manzano and Christian Baumgartner (National Park Danube Floodplains), Erika Schneider (WWF Institute for Floodplains Ecology at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology in Germany), Georg Rast (WWF Germany) and Helmut Habersack (Institute of Water Management, Hydrology and Hydraulic Engineering at the University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna). Various comments on the draft document have been provided from experts of the DANUBEPARKS network during and after its ETC-SEE project Task Force meetings and international workshops in January 2010 (Bratislava/SK), November 2010 (Ingolstadt/DE) and May 2011 (Orth/AT). Photographies have been provided by Alexander Zinke and Christian Baumgartner.
  • 50 CFR Ch. I (10–1–20 Edition) § 16.14

    50 CFR Ch. I (10–1–20 Edition) § 16.14

    § 15.41 50 CFR Ch. I (10–1–20 Edition) Species Common name Serinus canaria ............................................................. Common Canary. 1 Note: Permits are still required for this species under part 17 of this chapter. (b) Non-captive-bred species. The list 16.14 Importation of live or dead amphib- in this paragraph includes species of ians or their eggs. non-captive-bred exotic birds and coun- 16.15 Importation of live reptiles or their tries for which importation into the eggs. United States is not prohibited by sec- Subpart C—Permits tion 15.11. The species are grouped tax- onomically by order, and may only be 16.22 Injurious wildlife permits. imported from the approved country, except as provided under a permit Subpart D—Additional Exemptions issued pursuant to subpart C of this 16.32 Importation by Federal agencies. part. 16.33 Importation of natural-history speci- [59 FR 62262, Dec. 2, 1994, as amended at 61 mens. FR 2093, Jan. 24, 1996; 82 FR 16540, Apr. 5, AUTHORITY: 18 U.S.C. 42. 2017] SOURCE: 39 FR 1169, Jan. 4, 1974, unless oth- erwise noted. Subpart E—Qualifying Facilities Breeding Exotic Birds in Captivity Subpart A—Introduction § 15.41 Criteria for including facilities as qualifying for imports. [Re- § 16.1 Purpose of regulations. served] The regulations contained in this part implement the Lacey Act (18 § 15.42 List of foreign qualifying breed- U.S.C. 42). ing facilities. [Reserved] § 16.2 Scope of regulations. Subpart F—List of Prohibited Spe- The provisions of this part are in ad- cies Not Listed in the Appen- dition to, and are not in lieu of, other dices to the Convention regulations of this subchapter B which may require a permit or prescribe addi- § 15.51 Criteria for including species tional restrictions or conditions for the and countries in the prohibited list.
  • Triturus Cristatus) and Smooth Newt (Lissotriton Vulgaris) in Cold Climate in Southeast Norway

    Triturus Cristatus) and Smooth Newt (Lissotriton Vulgaris) in Cold Climate in Southeast Norway

    diversity Article Assessing the Use of Artificial Hibernacula by the Great Crested Newt (Triturus cristatus) and Smooth Newt (Lissotriton vulgaris) in Cold Climate in Southeast Norway Børre K. Dervo 1,*, Jon Museth 1 and Jostein Skurdal 2 1 Human Dimension Department, Norwegian Institute of Nature Research (NINA), Vormstuguvegen 40, NO-2624 Lillehammer, Norway; [email protected] 2 Maihaugen, Maihaugvegen 1, NO-2609 Lillehammer, Norway; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +47-907-600-77 Received: 27 May 2018; Accepted: 3 July 2018; Published: 5 July 2018 Abstract: Construction of artificial overwintering habitats, hibernacula, or newt hotels, is an important mitigation measure for newt populations in urban and agricultural areas. We have monitored the use of four artificial hotels built in September 2011 close to a 6000 m2 breeding pond in Norway. The four hotels ranged from 1.6 to 12.4 m3 and were located from 5 to 40 m from the breeding pond. In 2013–2015, 57 Great Crested Newts (Triturus cristatus) and 413 Smooth Newts (Lissotriton vulgaris) spent the winter in the hotels. The proportions of juveniles were 75% and 62%, respectively, and the hotels may be important to secure recruitment. Knowledge on emigration routes and habitat quality for summer use and winter hibernation is important to find good locations for newt hotels. The study documented that newts may survive a minimum temperature of −6.7 ◦C. We recommend that newt hotels in areas with harsh climate are dug into the ground in slopes to reduce low-temperature exposure during winter. Keywords: Triturus cristatus; Lissotriton vulgaris; climate; hibernacula 1.
  • Growth of Pike (Esox Lucius L.) in the Section of the Tisza River at Tiszafüred

    Growth of Pike (Esox Lucius L.) in the Section of the Tisza River at Tiszafüred

    Tiscia (Szeged) Vol. XVIII, pp. 103—112 (1983) GROWTH OF PIKE (ESOX LUCIUS L.) IN THE SECTION OF THE TISZA RIVER AT TISZAFÜRED Á. HARKA Kossuth Lajos Secondary School, Tiszafüred (Received January 25, 1981) Abstract On the basis of measurements on 204 fish specimens the following relationship was established between the standard body length and body weight of pike: lg W = -4.811+2.9301gLc, where W=body weight in g, Lc = body length in mm. The following relation was found between standard body length and total body length: Lt = 5.651+1.110 Lc The determination of the age of pike as well as its body length in the single years was per- formed on the basis of the growth-rings of scales. Growth can be well described by Bertalanffy's equation: 01695 t + 0 5 1,= 1008.6E1 — e- < ' >]x, where l, = standard body length of pike at the age of "t", e = the base of natural logarithm. · Introduction Pike has been a very important fish species especially in the tributaries and stagnant waters of the Tisza, and with the establishing of reservoirs it has become increasingly frequent also in the main branch of the river. Therefore it may be impor- tant from economical aspect to obtain knowledge about its growth which has not been studied to date Hungarian waters. This paper reports on growth studies performed on behalf of the Fisheries Research Institute, Szarvas in the section of the Tisza in the water storage area of Kisköre, and presents at the same time the first information in connection with the growth of pike in Hungary.
  • Food Composition of Alpine Newt (Ichthyosaura Alpestris) in the Post-Hibernation Terrestrial Life Stage

    Food Composition of Alpine Newt (Ichthyosaura Alpestris) in the Post-Hibernation Terrestrial Life Stage

    NORTH-WESTERN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY 12 (2): 299-303 ©NwjZ, Oradea, Romania, 2016 Article No.: e161503 http://biozoojournals.ro/nwjz/index.html Food composition of alpine newt (Ichthyosaura alpestris) in the post-hibernation terrestrial life stage Oldřich KOPECKÝ1,*, Karel NOVÁK1, Jiří VOJAR2 and František ŠUSTA3 1. Department of Zoology and Fisheries, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, Praha 6 - Suchdol 165 21, Czech Republic. 2. Department of Ecology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, Praha 6 - Suchdol 165 21, Czech Republic. 3. Prague Zoological Garden, U Trojského zámku 3/120, Praha 7 - Troja 171 00, Czech Republic. *Corresponding author, O. Kopecký, E-mail: [email protected] Received: 26. Juy 2015 / Accepted: 29. December 2015 / Available online: 09. January 2016 / Printed: December 2016 Abstract. Amphibians in the temperate climatic zone, including European newt species, annually migrate to water for reproduction. While prey consumption and the composition of their diet during the breeding season have been explored relatively well, the opposite is true for the spring period before reproduction. Therefore, the primary of aim our study was to determine whether newts consumed food in the post- hibernation terrestrial life stage. We studied one population of alpine newts from the Czech Republic. The majority of the newts examined (65.30%) contained some food item. Repletion level was not connected with the newts’ body condition and also did not differ between males and females. In addition, the number of items consumed and the diversity of prey were not connected with an individual’s body condition or sex.
  • Salamander Species Listed As Injurious Wildlife Under 50 CFR 16.14 Due to Risk of Salamander Chytrid Fungus Effective January 28, 2016

    Salamander Species Listed As Injurious Wildlife Under 50 CFR 16.14 Due to Risk of Salamander Chytrid Fungus Effective January 28, 2016

    Salamander Species Listed as Injurious Wildlife Under 50 CFR 16.14 Due to Risk of Salamander Chytrid Fungus Effective January 28, 2016 Effective January 28, 2016, both importation into the United States and interstate transportation between States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, or any territory or possession of the United States of any live or dead specimen, including parts, of these 20 genera of salamanders are prohibited, except by permit for zoological, educational, medical, or scientific purposes (in accordance with permit conditions) or by Federal agencies without a permit solely for their own use. This action is necessary to protect the interests of wildlife and wildlife resources from the introduction, establishment, and spread of the chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans into ecosystems of the United States. The listing includes all species in these 20 genera: Chioglossa, Cynops, Euproctus, Hydromantes, Hynobius, Ichthyosaura, Lissotriton, Neurergus, Notophthalmus, Onychodactylus, Paramesotriton, Plethodon, Pleurodeles, Salamandra, Salamandrella, Salamandrina, Siren, Taricha, Triturus, and Tylototriton The species are: (1) Chioglossa lusitanica (golden striped salamander). (2) Cynops chenggongensis (Chenggong fire-bellied newt). (3) Cynops cyanurus (blue-tailed fire-bellied newt). (4) Cynops ensicauda (sword-tailed newt). (5) Cynops fudingensis (Fuding fire-bellied newt). (6) Cynops glaucus (bluish grey newt, Huilan Rongyuan). (7) Cynops orientalis (Oriental fire belly newt, Oriental fire-bellied newt). (8) Cynops orphicus (no common name). (9) Cynops pyrrhogaster (Japanese newt, Japanese fire-bellied newt). (10) Cynops wolterstorffi (Kunming Lake newt). (11) Euproctus montanus (Corsican brook salamander). (12) Euproctus platycephalus (Sardinian brook salamander). (13) Hydromantes ambrosii (Ambrosi salamander). (14) Hydromantes brunus (limestone salamander). (15) Hydromantes flavus (Mount Albo cave salamander).
  • Abortive Development in the Crested Newt Triturus Cristatus

    Abortive Development in the Crested Newt Triturus Cristatus

    Development 100, 65-72 (1987) 65 Printed in Great Britain © The Company of Biologists Limited 1987 Abortive development in the crested newt Triturus cristatus H. WALLACE Department of Genetics, University of Birmingham, PO Box 363, Birmingham BIS 2TT, UK Summary Crested newts exhibit a balanced lethal system which abortive embryo. causes development to abort in 50 % of tailbud em- Two possible modes of origin for the balanced bryos. The main features of arrested embryos are lethal system are discussed, either from ancestral described, shown to be constant in a range of culture autosomes or from sex chromosomes. The latter is conditions and found to be unchanged by parabiosis favoured because it involves fewer assumptions. The or extirpation of the central nervous system or heart. subsequent evolution of the system should inevitably Two categories of abortive embryos can be dis- lead to progressively earlier embryonic mortality by tinguished in some spawnings. A corresponding seg- an accumulation of multiple recessive lethal factors on regation of an easily identified marker chromosome each chromosome variant. confirms previous reports that chromosome 1 carries the recessive lethal factors. The marker chromosome Key words: developmental genetics, embryonic lethality, is tentatively associated with the blistered form of sex chromosomes, Triturus cristatus, newt. Introduction and death in T.c. carnifex tailbud embryos, together with some experimental tests of whether or not a In one of the earliest descriptions of amphibian primary defect is localized in any particular tissue. development, Rusconi (1821) remarked that almost The data reported here were accumulated over the half the embryos of Triturus cristatus perished at the last three years, mainly while checking an anomalous tailbud stage.
  • An Atlas of Commercial Geography

    An Atlas of Commercial Geography

    IO?-5 AN ATLAS OF COMMERCIAL GEOGRAPHY % % "i % ¥ .i. J- >- %t ST'' .T. CAMBRIDGE ^ UNIVERSITY PRESS a^^^^^^^^^^^ggSgfjSjSjSigHiasH^^^^^^^a^^^^^^^^^li^gigaa Dtate Collese of iKgricuUure m Cornell ^Hnibersitp Stfjaca, i5. g. ILibrarp """^'^'>y HF 1023.A4°'"^" Library llMl!™™,f,,°'<=°'"'"ei-cialc Cornell University Library V, The original of this book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924013803618 AN ATLAS OF COMMERCIAL GEOGRAPHY ; INTRODUCTION THIS Atlas is specially intended to be used with the for the tropics, but is useful as indicating the significance Elementary Commercial Geography published by the of the great lowland areas which characterise the tem- Cambridge University Press, but it is hoped that such perate zones. a series of maps, illustrating the elementary facts of eco- In the tropics, as mentioned, climatic conditions nomic geography, will be of general use to students. The favour the gi'owth of population rather on the highlands work falls into two broad divisions ; the first containing than the lowlands; but the difficulties of communication maps presenting facts on the world-scale, on which the retard the commercial development of the former areas. teaching of principles may be based ; the second giving a P. 4. In using these maps, it should first be made consistent series of maps for each continent, sufficiently clear that the temperatures shown are reduced to sea- detailed, it is hoped, to be of use for regional stud}'. level, and some idea of the effect of altitude on tempera- The object of this Introduction is to indicate a logical ture given—in general terms, that the latter diminishes method of study, by linking facts together in a natural by 1°F.
  • Danube Crested Newt (Triturus Dobrogicus)

    Danube Crested Newt (Triturus Dobrogicus)

    DANUBE CRESTED NEWT (TRITURUS DOBROGICUS ) by Dušan Jelić Range The species is present in two disjoint areas associated with lowland area of the Danube and its tributaries. The first area includes the basin of the Danube and its tributaries in the Pannonian plain. It extends from the east of the Czech Republic, Austria and Slovenia through Slovakia, Hungary, eastern Croatian and northern Bosnia and Herzegovina to the west of Ukraine and Romania. In the south-east it is found till the beginning of Đerdap canyon in Serbia. The second area covers also the lowland basin of the Danube, but downstream of the Đerdap canyon. It stretches across the north of Serbia, Bulgaria and Romania to the south of the Danube Delta and the extreme southeast of Ukraine and Moldova. Lowland distribution area of Danube crested newt is surrounded by hilly areas populated by other species of crested newts group ( T. cristatus, T. carnifex, T. macedonicus, T. arntzeni ). In the contact zones there are wide zones of hybridization. Distribution in Croatia In Croatia this species inhabits lowland areas of the Danube basin, Sava basin downstream of Velika Gorica, Drava River downstream of Varaždin and lowland area of the eastern Croatia between the lower stretches of rivers Drava and Sava. In central Croatia it constitutes a hybrid zone with the Italian crested newt. Hybrids are known from Turopolje, Odransko polje, Žutica, Lonjsko polje etc. Figure 1. Distribution of Triturus dobrogicus in Croatia Habitat From the whole crested newt group ( Triturus cristatus complex), this is the most aquatic species (morphologically) which spends most time in water.