THE FEDERAL DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF ETHIOPIA CENTRAL STATISTICAL AUTHORITY AGRICULTURAL SAMPLE SURVEY 2004 / 2005 (1997 E.C.) (September 2004 – December 2005) VOLUME III REPORT ON FARM MAN AGEMENT PRACTICES (PRIVATE PEASANT HOLDINGS, MEHER SEASON) Addis Ababa June, 2005 331 STATISTICAL BULLETIN 331 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page PART I INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES OF THE SURVEY------------------- 1 1.1 Introduction--------------------------------------------------------------- 1 1.2 Objectives of the Survey------------------------------------------------ 2 PART II SURVEY METHODOLOGY, DATA COLLECTION AND PROCESSING---- 3 2.1 Scope and Coverage of the Survey------------------------------------ 3 2.2 Sampling Frame---------------------------------------------------------- 3 2.3 Sample Design------------------------------------------------------------ 4 2.4 Organization of Field Work-------------------------------------------- 5 2.5 Training of Field Staff--------------------------------------------------- 5 2.6 Method of Data Collection---------------------------------------------- 6 2.7 Data Processing----------------------------------------------------------- 6 a) Editing, Coding and Verification------------------------------------ 6 b) Data Entry, Cleaning and Tabulation----------------------------- 7 2.8 Concepts and Definitions---------------------------------------------- 7 PART III SUMMARY OF SURVEY RESULTS------------------------------------------- 10 Farm Management Practices---------------------------------------------- 10 3.1 Fertilizer Applied Area------------------------------------------------ 10 3.2 Improved Seed Applied Area----------------------------------------- 11 3.3 Pesticide Applied Area------------------------------------------------ 11 3.4 Irrigated Applied Area------------------------------------------------ 11 3.5 Extension Area--------------------------------------------------------- 12 Tables 1 – 1.10 Number of Holders, Inputs Applied Area and ------ 14 Tables 2 – 2.10 Number of holders Applying Inputs By Edu.-------- 221 Tables 3 – 3.10 Number of Holders Reporting Damaged Crop Area-- 239 Tables 4 – 4.10 Number of holders by Type of Farm Practice------- 263 APPENDIX I ESTIMATION PROCEDURES OF TOTALS------------------------- 299 APPENDIX II ESTIMATES OF STANDARD ERRORS------------------------------ 305 APPENDIX III NUMBER OF PLANNED AND ACTUALLY COVERED UNITS-- 313 APEENDIX IV QUESTIONNAIRE -------------------------------------------------------- 319 PART I INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES OF THE SURVEY 1.1. INTRODUCTION Agriculture is core to the sustenance of food security, supply of raw materials to manufacturing industries especially agro-industries and it is a major source of export items in the country. This indicates that agriculture plays a vital role in the Ethiopian situation where millions of people are frequently haunted by drought and famine. The provision of adequate food to the needy people in Ethiopia exclusively depends on development of agriculture. Efforts are being intensified to bring about a perceptible change in the development of the agricultural sector to ensure a steady and adequate supply of food to those who need it. To bridge the gap between the demand for food and food supply, and to guarantee the availability of food and attain the desired change in the lives of the farming population, the Ethiopian government has embarked upon a transformation of the existing agricultural practices in the country. The progress anticipated from this task has to be appraised, monitored and evaluated with agricultural statistical information as an input to find out whether the desired changes have materialized. The government has centered its agricultural policy on ensuring food security by allocating more resources to increase agricultural production so as to ward off food shortage and ensure continuous adequate supply of food. One way to increase crop production in Ethiopia’s existing reality is to improve agricultural productivity within the private peasant holdings. An indicator to this point is the situation in which the application of agricultural inputs such as fertilizers, improved seeds, pesticides, etc. is found. To give a ray of statistical information on agricultural productivity the Central Statistical Authority (C.S.A) has been providing statistics on inputs applied area and volume of fertilizers and improved seeds used. As part of the 2004/05 (1997 E.C) Agricultural Sample Survey, data on fertilizer, improved seed, irrigation and pesticide applied area and volume of fertilizers and improved seeds used within the private peasant holdings was collected, processed and summarized. The survey results are presented in this bulletin and other electronic media for data users. The report comprises three parts. Part I contains the objectives of this annual survey, Part II deals with coverage of the survey, sample design, field organization and method of data collection and Part III includes summary of the results. Estimation procedures and formulation of estimates of totals and variance are presented in Appendix I. Estimates of the standard errors with the corresponding coefficients of variations for quantity of inputs used and inputs applied area are presented in Appendix II. 1.2. OBJECTIVES OF THE SURVEY. The general objective of CSA’s Agricultural Sample Survey (AgSS) is to collect basic quantitative information on the country’s agriculture that is essential for planning, policy formulation, food security, etc. The AgSS is composed of four components: Crop Production Forecast Survey, Meher Season Survey of which Farm Management Practice is a part, Livestock Survey and Belg Season Survey. The specific objectives of Meher Season Survey are to estimate the total volume of inputs used, inputs applied area and number of holders using inputs. Companion reports are published separately with estimates of area and production of crops and land use area. All reports are based on the private peasant holdings in sedentary rural areas of the country further subdivided by regions and zones. PART II SURVEY METHODOLOGY, DATA COLLECTION AND PROCESSING 2.1. SCOPE AND COVERAGE OF THE SURVEY The range of data items that the 2004/05 (1997 E.C) Agricultural Main Season Survey dealt with included fertilizers, improved seeds, pesticides, irrigation and other miscellaneous agricultural practices. Holders growing at least one or more type of crops were enumerated and data on quantity of inputs used and inputs applied area was recorded. The Meher season survey covered the entire rural parts of the country except all zones of Gambella Region, and the non-sedentary population of three zones of Afar & six zones of Somali regions. Accordingly, the survey took into account all parts of Harari, Addis Ababa, Dire Dawa, and 58 Zones / Special weredas (that are treated as zones) of the other regions. Initially, a total of 2,016 Enumeration Areas (EAs) were selected to be covered by the survey, however, due to various reasons that are beyond the control of the CSA two EAs were not covered and 2,014 EAs (99.90 %) were actually covered. As regards the ultimate sampling unit, it was planned to conduct the survey on 50,400 agricultural households but 50,287 (99.78 %) households were in fact covered by the Meher season agricultural sample survey. Distribution of the number of sampling units (planned and covered) by domain of estimation is tabulated in Appendix III. 2.2 SAMPLING FRAME The list containing EAs of all regions and their respective agricultural households obtained from the 2001/02 Ethiopian Agricultural Sample Enumeration (EASE) was used as the sampling frame in order to select the primary sampling units (EAs). Consequently, all sample EAs were selected from this frame based on the design proposed for the survey. 2.3 SAMPLE DESIGN A stratified two-stage cluster sample design was used to select the sample. Enumeration Areas (EAs) were taken to be the primary sampling units (PSUs) and the secondary sampling units (SSUs) were agricultural households. Sample enumeration areas from each stratum were sub-samples of the 2001/02 (1994 E.C) Ethiopian Agricultural Sample Enumeration. They were selected using probability proportional to size systematic sampling; size being number of agricultural households obtained from the 1994 Population & Housing Census and adjusted for the sub-sampling effect. Within each sample EA a fresh list of households was prepared and 25 agricultural households from each sample EA were systematically selected at the second stage. The survey questionnaire was finally administered to the 25 agricultural households selected at the second stage. Information on area under crops and Meher season production of crops was obtained from the 25 households that were ultimately selected. It is important to note, however, that data on crop cutting were obtained only from fifteen sampled households. The sample size for the 2004/05 agricultural sample survey was determined by taking into account both the required level of precision for the most important estimates within each domain and the amount of resources allocated to the survey. In order to reduce non- sampling errors, manageability of the survey in terms of quality and operational capability was also considered. Except Harari, Addis Ababa and Dire Dawa, where each region as a whole was taken to be the domain of estimation; each zone of a region / special wereda was adopted as a stratum for which major findings of the survey are reported. Estimation procedure for