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CHARLES NICHOLL Leonardo da Vinci The Flights of the Mind I ., ALLEN LANE an imprint of PENGUIN BOOKS Contents Author's Note Xlll Introduction: The Cooling of the Soup I j PART ONE Childhood: 1452-1466 Birth 17 The da Vinci 21 Caterina 26 'My first memory ... ' 30 At the Mill "- 37 Speaking with Animals 42 The 'Madonna of the Snow' 47 Education 53 PART TWO Apprenticeship: 1466-1477 The City 61 Renaissance Men 68 Andrea's Bottega 72 Learning the Trade 77 Spectaculars 90 On the Lantern 94 First Paintings 98 The Dragon I04 Ginevra I07 The Saltarelli Affair Iq 'Companions in Pistoia' 124 IX CONTENTS PART THREE Independence: 1477-1482 Leonardo's Studio 13 1 The Hanged Man 13 8 Zoroastro 141 The Technologist 145 'Poets in a Hurry' 151 The Musician 155 St Jerome and the Lion 160 The Gardens of the Medici 165 The Adoration 168 Leaving 176 J PART FOUR New Horizons: 1482-1490 Milan 185 Expatriates and Artists 193 The Virgin of the Rocks 196 Ways of Escape 201 The First Notebooks 209 Tall Tales, Small Puzzles 216 Architectural Projects 222 The Moor's Mistress 226 The Milanese Studio 23 2 The Anatomist 240 The Sforza Horse 24 8 At the Carte Vecchia 251 PART FIVE At Court: 1490-1499 Theatricals 257 'Of shadow and light' 264 Little Devil 269 Hunting Bears 276 Casting the Horse 280 x CONTENTS , 'Caterina came ... 28 5 Echoes of War 288 The Making of the Last Supper 29 2 The 'Academy' 30 3 Leonardo's Garden 31 2 'Sell what you cannot take .. .' 319 PART SIX On the Move: 1500-1506 Mantua and Venice 325 Back in Florence 331 The Insistent Marchioness 33 6 Borgia 34 2 J Autumn in Imola 349 A Letter to the Sultan 353 Moving the River 35 6 Mistress Lisa 36I The Anghiari Fresco (I) 37I Michelangelo 376 A Death and a Journey 383 The Anghiari Fresco (11) 389 The Spirit of the Bird 394 PART SEVEN Return to Milan: 1506-1513 The Governor 40 3 'Good day, Master Francesco .. .' 4IO Brothers at War 4I2 Dissections 4I8 Back in the Studio 423 The World and Its Waters 43 I Fetes Milanaises 434 La Cremona 43 8 The 'Medical Schools' 443 Chez Melzi 446 Portrait of the Artist at Sixty 449 Xl CONTENTS PART EIGHT Last Years: 1513-1519 Heading South 457 At the Belvedere 462 The Baptist and the Bacchus 466 The Deluge 474 Sickness, Deception, Mirrors 477 Last Visit to Florence 483 Maistre Lyenard 486 The Cardinal Calls 489 'Night was chased away' 493 The Great Sea 498 Notes 50 3 Sources 568 Illustrations 581 Index 593 Xli INDEX Pages includ,ing relevant illustrations are shown in italic. Aas bridge 355-6 Amboise 486-93,502 Accattabriga see Buti, Antonio Amboise, Charles d' 403, 404-8, 413, Adda river 446, 448-9 414,434,446 Adda, Count Girolamo d' 214 Amboise, Georges d' 398 Adige river 433 Ammirato, Scipione 141-2, 144, 145, Aelius Donatus 214 383 Aesop 42,215,221 Amoretti, Carlo 159, 231,439 Africa 2I6-17 Anchiano 18-20, 21, 28, 29 Agnadello, Battle of 435 Andrea da Ferrara, Giacomo 271-2, Agnolo, Baccio d' 332 30 7,330 Alamanni, Pietro 248, 249 Angelico, Fra 71, 100, 296 Alberti, Leon Battista 55,69-72,76, Anonimo Gaddiano 10 127,161,163,176,202,221,463 on Anghiari fresco 378, 392 Leonardo and 69, 71,149-50,221, on Ginevra portrait 107 223,224 on Leonardo as musician 155 Albizzi, Alessandro degli 357-8 on Leonardo's appearance 10, I I, Albizzi, Antonfrancesco degli 457 70,126,356 Alciato, Andrea 435 on Leonardo's departure to Milan Alessandro (model) 296 177 Alexander VI, Pope 342, 353, 354 on Leonardo's mother 27 Alfei, Giacomo 440-41 on Leonardo's quarrel with Alfonso, King of Naples 290 Michelangelo 379-80 Almedina, Fernando Yafiez de la on Lorenzo de' Medici 165-7 (Ferrando Spagnolo) 389,469 on lost Adam and Eve and Medusa Alps 277-80, 417 104-5 Amadori, Albiera di Giovanni on Tommaso Masini 141 (Leonardo's stepmother) 26, 28, on Mona Lisa 367 33,36,61,104,459-60 omits Leda 396 Amadori, Alessandro (Leonardo's on Vision of St Bernard project uncle) 62, 104,375,459-60 133 593 INDEX Antiquarie prospetiche Romane on Last Supper 292-3, 299, 300, (anon. poem) 308-10, 387 302,372 Antonio da Bologna 489 Bandinelli, Baccio 117,469 Apelles 474 Barbari, Jacopo de' 303-4 Apennines see Romagna Barberino, Andrea da 387 Apollinaire, Guillaume 369 Barcelon, Pinin Brambilla 302 Appiano, Jacopo d' 388 Baroncelli, Bernardo di Bandino Aquila, Battista dell' 466 13 8-40 Aquilino, Serafino 152, 158 Bascape, Gualtiero 289, 300, 316 Arabic science 68 Basle, St John by follower of Leonardo Archimedes 148, 149, 210, 21 3, 345, 469 480 Bastiano 465 Aretino, Pietro 152, 250, 440 Baudelaire, Charles 368 Arezzo 339, 345, 360, 372 Bayonne 289 Argyropoulos, Joannes 68,149 Bazzi, Giovanni ('11 Sodoma') 235 Arigo (assistant) 319 Beatis, Antonio de 302, 365, 367, Aristotle/Aristotelianism 68,113,149, 467,477,485,488,49°-92 24°,242-3,265,3°8,417,419, Beck, J ames 171 481-3,499 Bejazet, Sultan 353-4 Arno river and valley 57, 345,475 Bella, Stefano della 435 canalization schemes 125,357-60, Bellincioni, Bernardo 152, 154, 385 177-8,195,226,228-9,230, Arrigo di Giovanni Tedesco 20 23 2,257-8,440 Arrigoni, Simone 409 ... Bellini, Giovanni 174, 230, 326 Arte dei Medici, Speziali e Mercai 84, Beltrami, Luca 313-14, 318 99 Bembo, Bernardo 110-13, 114, 145, Arundel, Earl of 5 366 Ashburnham, Baron 209 Benci family 104, 109, 113, 145, 165, Astrakhan 13 5 169 Atalante see Migliorotti, Atalante di Benci, Ginevra de' 107-14, 238, 366, Manetto PI. 6 Atellani family 314-15, 457 Benedetto (assistant) 299 Attavante di Gabriello 356, 378 Benedetto de I' Abaco (Benedetto Attila flagellum dei 387 Arithmeticus) 148 Aubigny, Stuart d' 322 Benivieni, Antonio 241 Auton, Jean d' 409 Benois, Leon 135 Avicenna 433 Bentivoglio, Giovanni 131-2 Berenson, Bernard 134, 369 Babbitt, Isaac 284 Bergamo, version of 'Nude Gioconda' Bacon, Roger 488 44 1 - 2 Baiedo 409 Bergognone,1I (Ambrogio da Fossano) Bandello, Matteo 227, 230, 252, 301, 195 489 Bernazzano 429 594 INDEX Biagio, Rafaello di 390 Bramantino see Suardi, Bartolomeo Bibbiena, Cardinal 153 Bramly, Serge 48,51,236,4°4, 4II Billi, Antonio 10, 27,107,199,392 Brandano, Pacifica 363, 365 Bisticci, Vespasiano da 214 Brianza, La 447 black people in Italy 216-17 Bronzino, Agnolo 462 Blois 492 Brown, David A. 100 Boccaccio, Giovanni 222 Brunelleschi, Filippo 57, 69, 72,92, Boissif, Artus 486 94-8,359 Bologna 485-6 Brunelleschi, Ghigo 387 Boltraffio, Giovanni Antonio 134, Buchi, Benedetto 371 233-4,238-40,257-8,271, Bugati, Girolamo 300 273-4,30 7,411,458 Buonaccorsi, Biagio 359 Bona of Savoy, Duchess of Milan 93, Burchiello, 11 (Domenico di Giovanni) 190 15 1- 2 Bonate, Leonardo 403 Burckhardt, Jacob 68, 70 Bonasana, Marquises of 231 Buriano 339, 345, 363 i Borghini, Vincenzo 146 Busti, Bernardino de' 403 Borgia family 342-3 Buti family (Leonardo's half-brothers Borgia, Cesare ('11 Valentino') 290, and -sisters) 28-3°,33 321- 2 ,342 -53 Buti, Antonio ('Accattabriga', Borgia, Lucrezia 342, 364 Leonardo's stepfather) 27-30, Borsieri, Geralomo 306 51,57 Bossi, Giuseppe 439-43 Buti, Caterina (Leonardo's mother) Botro, 11387, 414 26-3°,33,41,52-3,136, Botta, Bergonzio 321, 330 285-7,33 1 Botti family 135 Butinone, Bernardino 196 Botticelli, Sandro 71, 72, 85-6, 102, Byzantium, scholars from 68,149 112,117,139,14°, 167,331 Adoration of the Magi 86,170, Cako, Bartolomeo 195, 230 176 Cammelli, Antonio ('11 Pistoiese') 125, Annunciation 85, 100 151-5,158,160,178-80,215 Divine Comedy illustrations Campana, Giulia 489 n8-1 9 Campo Zeppi 28-30, 38,52 Leonardo and 85, II8, 134, 165, Canigiani, Bernardo di Simone I I 3 176, 267 Caparra 146 Botticini, Francesco 88 Caprotti, Giacomo ('Salai') 269-76, Braccesi, Alessandro 109, 110, III 299,337,347,366-7,39°,412, Bracciolini, Poggio 215, 222 414,423,424,458,496,498 Bramante, Donato 195, 220, 223, appearance 116, 272, 273-5, 450, 293,3°6,310,387,463-4,484 471 Casa Panigarola frescos 11,310-12 as artist 367, 441, 469 and Leonardo 195, 202, 224, 306, character and misdeeds 234, 309,335 270-72,4II 595 INDEX Caprotti, Giacomo - cont. Chiaravalle 224 and Leonardo's house in Milan 276, Chiavenna valley 279 313,424,446,486 Cianchi, Renzo 387 and Leonardo's will 272, 276,486, Ciardi, Roberto Paolo 439 499 Cimabue 55, 174 nickname 215, 270 Cintio, Giambattista Geraldi 298 parents 269-70, 272 Cione family 73,103 payments/gifts from Leonardo 271, see also Verrocchio, Andrea del 275-6,319,437,496 Civitavecchia 484 portraits of (?) 273-5 Clan ton, Jimmy 370 relationship with Leonardo 272, Cl ark, Sir Kenneth (Baron): 275-6,498 on drawing of old man 451 Caracciolo, Fra Roberto 101 on drawings of boys 273 Caravaggio, Michelangelo Merisi da on grotesques 263 105,440,472 on horse studies 249 Cardano, Fazio 319 on Last Supper 302 Cardano, Girolamo 252, 319, 395 on Leonardo's curiosity 7 Carpaccio, Vittore 229 on Litta Madonna 133, 198 Carraia del Ferro 447 on Madonna of the Carnation 102 Casio, Girolamo 233, 238 on rebuses 218 Casola, Nicola da 387 on Verrocchio 72 Castagno, Andrea del 71, 296 on Virgin of the Rocks 198 Caste I del Rio 355 Clayton, Martin 263 Castiglione, Baldassare 259, 4€1, 464 Clement VII, Pope 102 Castiglione, Cristofano da 296 Cl os Luce see Cloux Castiglione, Sabba 331 Cloux (Clos Luce) 487-93, 496-8 Castracani, Castruccio 22 Codex Atlanticus see Leonardo Cattanei, Giovanna or Vannozza 342 (writings and manuscripts) Cattanei, Simonetta II2, 134, 194 Codex Huygens 5, 245 Cellini, Benvenuto 117, 157,463, Codex Leicester see Leonardo 486-7 (writings and manuscripts) Cellini, Giovanni di Andrea 358, 378 Codex Trivulzianus 53, 213-14, 386 Cennini, Cennino 77,83,84,266 Codex Urbinas 5,434 Cesare da Sesto see Sesto Cole, NatKing 361, 370 Cesariano,
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    The Da Vinci Code Personal Unedited Research By: Josh McDowell © 2006 Overview Josh McDowell’s personal research on The Da Vinci Code was collected in preparation for the development of several equipping resources released in March 2006. This research is available as part of Josh McDowell’s Da Vinci Pastor Resource Kit. The full kit provides you with tools to equip your people to answer the questions raised by The Da Vinci Code book and movie. We trust that these resources will help you prepare your people with a positive readiness so that they might seize this as an opportunity to open up compelling dialogue about the real and relevant Christ. Da Vinci Pastor Resource Kit This kit includes: - 3-Part Sermon Series & Notes - Multi-media Presentation - Video of Josh's 3-Session Seminar on DVD - Sound-bites & Video Clip Library - Josh McDowell's Personal Research & Notes Retail Price: $49.95 The 3-part sermon series includes a sermon outline, discussion points and sample illustrations. Each session includes references to the slide presentation should you choose to include audio-visuals with your sermon series. A library of additional sound-bites and video clips is also included. Josh McDowell's delivery of a 3-session seminar was captured on video and is included in the kit. Josh's personal research and notes are also included. This extensive research is categorized by topic with side-by-side comparison to Da Vinci claims versus historical evidence. For more information and to order Da Vinci resources by Josh McDowell, visit josh.davinciquest.org. http://www.truefoundations.com Page 2 Table of Contents Introduction: The Search for Truth..................................................................................
  • Mona Lisa: a Comparative Evaluation of the Different Versions S

    Mona Lisa: a Comparative Evaluation of the Different Versions S

    ONA LISA: A COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF THE MDIFFERENT VERSIONS AND THEIR COPIES Salvatore Lorusso* Dipartimento di Beni Culturali Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Ravenna, Italy Andrea Natali Dipartimento di Beni Culturali Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Ravenna, Italy Keywords: “Mona Lisa”, versions, copies 1. Introduction In a previous study [1], which included stylistic and diagnostic analyses, it was found that the oil painting on canvas “Mona Lisa with columns”, part of a private collection in a museum in St. Petersburg (Figure 1), is a copy of the “Mona Lisa” by Leonardo (Figure 2) dating to a period between 1590 and 1660. Noteworthy features include the good quality, readability and expressiveness emanating from the work, which presum- ably is of Nordic influence, specifically German-Flemish. Figure 1. Photograph in the visible of the painting “Mona Lisa with Columns”, St. Petersburg (oil on canvas 63.2 x 85.2 cm ) CONSERVATION SCIENCE IN CULTURAL HERITAGE * Corresponding author: [email protected] 57 Figure 2. The Louvre “Mona Lisa” More specifically, given the importance of the subject, which includes Leonardo’s well-known masterpiece, the conclusion that was reached in defining the above paint- ing a copy of the original, involved examining, from a methodological point of view, investigations carried out in 2004 on the Louvre “Mona Lisa” by the “Center for Re- search and Restoration of the Museums of France”, and published in “Au coeur de La Joconde – Léonard de Vinci Décodé”. This sequence of investigations – which were certainly not aimed at authentication – were examined together with those of the Na- tional Gallery in London, thus enabling comparisons to be made with other works by Leonardo [2-3].