INTERJURISDICTIONAL COOPERATION MODELS Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized INTERJURISDICTIONAL COOPERATION MODELS
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Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized COOPERATION MODELS INTERJURISDICTIONAL INTERJURISDICTIONAL COOPERATION MODELS December 2019 © 2018 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank 1818 H Street NW Contents Washington DC 20433 Telephone: 202-473-1000 Internet: www.worldbank.org EXECUTIVE SUMMARY VII This work is a product of the staff of The World Bank with external contributions. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily reflect the views of The World Bank, its Board of Executive Directors, or the governments INTRODUCTION 1 they represent. EXAMPLES OF INTERJURISDICTIONAL COOPERATION IN EU COUNTRIES 7 The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of Interjurisdictional cooperation in France 11 any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. Interjurisdictional cooperation in the Netherlands 34 Rights and Permissions Interjurisdictional cooperation in Spain 43 The material in this work is subject to copyright. Because The World Bank encourages dissemination of its knowledge, this work may Preliminary conclusions – relevance for Romania 60 be reproduced, in whole or in part, for noncommercial purposes as long as full attribution to this work is given. Any queries on rights and licenses, including subsidiary rights, should be addressed to World Bank Publications, The World Bank LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORK FOR INTERJURISDICTIONAL COOPERATION IN ROMANIA 63 Group, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA; fax: 202-522-2625; e-mail: [email protected]. Evolution of the legislative framework on interjurisdictional cooperation and metropolitan areas 65 Legislative framework for the funding and functioning of interjurisdictional cooperation 66 Legislative framework for the involvement of the private sector in Interjurisdictional cooperation models 70 Conclusions 72 MODELS OF INTERJURISDICTIONAL COOPERATION IN ROMANIA 73 Identification of active multi-municipal territorial cooperation agreements for the current 39 Article 7 municipalities 76 EXAMPLES OF INTERJURISDICTIONAL COOPERATION IN URBAN AREAS IN ROMANIA 81 Oradea Metropolitan Area 83 Benefits of metropolitan coordination 84 IDA in the context of attracting EU funds and potentially using the ITI tool for 2021-2027 85 Examples of multi-jurisdictional cooperation in the Oradea Metropolitan Area 86 IDA in the context of financial instruments: The OMA Fund 90 Iași Metropolitan Area 91 Benefits of metropolitan coordination 93 IMA in the context of Romania’s pre-accession period and the 2007-2013 and 2014-2020 programming periods 94 DISCLAIMER Examples of multijurisdictional cooperation in IMA 96 Risks and constraints hampering interjurisdictional cooperation 98 This report is a product of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/ Cluj Napoca Metropolitan Area (CNMA) 99 the World Bank. The findings, interpretation, and conclusions expressed in this paper do not Benefits of metropolitan coordination 100 necessarily reflect the views of the Executive Directors of the World Bank, the European IDA in the context of attracting EU funds for 2021-2027 102 Commission, or the Government of Romania. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy Examples of multi-jurisdictional cooperation in the Cluj-Napoca Metropolitan Area 102 of the data included in this work. Constanța Metropolitan Area 104 Benefits of metropolitan coordination 106 IDA in the context of attracting EU funds and potentially using the ITI tool for 2021-2027 107 Examples of multi-jurisdictional cooperation in Constanța Metropolitan Area 108 Financial Resources 111 Risks and constraints hampering interjurisdictional cooperation 112 This report has been delivered in September 2019, under the Administrative Agreement Number 2019CE160AT020 (under TF073325) on the Romania Multi-municipality Financing Program, signed Ploiești Metropolitan Area 112 Benefits of metropolitan coordination 114 between the European Commission and the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development. It IDA in the context of attracting EU funds 115 corresponds to Output 3 in the above-mentioned agreement. Examples of multi-jurisdictional cooperation 116 Risks and constraints hampering interjurisdictional cooperation 117 Brașov Metropolitan Area 117 Examples of multi-jurisdictional cooperation 118 Abbreviations and Acronyms BMA IDA in the context of financial instruments: The Urban Development Fund (UDF) 119 Alba Iulia Metropolitan Area 122 AA Administrative Agreement Benefits of metropolitan coordination 124 AFM Environment Fund Administration AIDA in the context of attracting EU funds - The first integrated metropolitan transport system in Romania 124 ANFP National Public Functionaries Agency Other examples of multi-jurisdictional cooperation 126 ANIF National Land Improvement Agency Risks and constraints hampering interjurisdictional cooperation 127 ANL National Housing Agency ANOFM National Employment Agency Conclusions on interjurisdictional cooperation in urban areas in Romania 128 CLLD Community-Led Local Development CNI National Investment Company Identification of functional urban areas in Romania 129 EBRD European Bank for Reconstruction and Development ESF Environmental and Social Framework ESFI European Fund for Strategic Investments Conclusions and recommendations on the prospects for a metropolitan approach and ERDF European Regional Development Fund interjurisdictional cooperation in Romania 143 ESPON European Spatial Observation Network EU European Union ANNEX 1. Metropolitan areas in Romania 150 FS Feasibility Study FUA Functional Urban Area BIBLIOGRAPHY 155 GDP Gross Domestic Product GIS Geographic Information System GoR Government of Romania IB Intermediate Body FIGURES IDA Intercommunal Development Association INA National Administration Institute ITI Integrated Territorial Investment FIGURE 1. NUTS 2 regions classified by Cohesion Policy category and Lagging Region category 4 IUDP Integrated Urban Development Plans FIGURE 2. Intercommunal cooperation agreements in France 13 IUDS Integrated Urban Development Strategy JRC Joint Research Center FIGURE 3. Spatial distribution of the territorial collectivities (métropoles) 13 LAG Local Action Group MA Managing Authority FIGURE 4. Metropolitan areas and Functional Urban Areas in Romania 131 MC Ministry of Culture FIGURE 5. Metropolitan areas and territories with reduced accessibility to regional centers and MEN Ministry of Education services of general interest 132 MS Ministry of Health MMFPS Ministry of Work and Social Justice FIGURE 6. Metropolitan areas and protected natural areas in Romania 133 MRDPA Ministry of Regional Development and Public Administration MT Ministry of Tourism FIGURE 7. Population growth (%) in county capitals in Romania 134 NGO Non-governmental Organization FIGURE 8. Urban sprawl of county capitals in Romania, Source: Corinne Landcover - CLC 135 PPP Public Private Partnership PNCDI National Research and Development and Innovation Program PNDL National Local Development Program PUG Local Spatial Plan (Plan Urbanistic General) PUZ Zonal Urban Plan (Plan Urbanistic Zonal) TABLES RAS Reimbursable Advisory Services Agreement RDA Regional Development Agency TABLE 1. Base information on selected French metropolitan areas 14 ROP Regional Operational Programme SUD Sustainable Urban Development TABLE 2. Models of Interjurisdictional cooperation in Romania 75 SUMP Sustainable Urban Mobility Plan TAU Territorial Administrative Unit TABLE 3. Active multi-municipal territorial cooperation agreements for the current 39 Article 7 Trust Fund municipalities 77 TF TP Technical Project UA Urban Authority WB World Bank VI OUTPUT 3 / ACTIVITY 2 - INTERJURISDICTIONAL COOPERATION MODELS Acknowledgements This report has been delivered under the provisions of the Administrative Agreement on the Romania Multi-municipality Financing Program and prepared under the guidance and supervision of David N. Sislen (Practice Manager, Social, Urban, Rural and Resilience, Europe and Central Asia) and Tatiana Proskuryakova (Country Manager, Romania and Hungary). This report was developed by a team under the coordination of Paul Kriss (Lead Urban Specialist) and made up of Ioana Ivanov (Senior Urban Development Specialist), Nic Țarălungă (Lead Urban Development Specialist), Sorina Racoviceanu (Lead Urban Specialist), Reinhold Stadler (Senior Urban Development Specialist), Daiana Ghintuială (Urban Development Specialist), Eva-Viorela Sfârlea (Urban Specialist), Marcel Ionescu-Heroiu (Senior Urban Development Specialist), Yondela Silimela (Senior Urban Specialist), Adina Vințan (Operations Specialist), and George Moldoveanu (Information Assistant). EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The team would like to express its gratitude for the excellent cooperation, guidance, and feedback provided by the representatives of the European Commission, the representatives of the Romanian Ministry of Regional Development and Public Administration, the representatives of the Romanian Ministry of European Funds, and the multitude of local and regional actors who have helped with the development of this report. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY IX This report explores interjurisdictional cooperation models through three broad lenses: i) International case