STUDI POTENSI MINYAK ATSIRI DAUN Boenninghausenia Albiflora (Hook.) Rchb

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STUDI POTENSI MINYAK ATSIRI DAUN Boenninghausenia Albiflora (Hook.) Rchb jurnal.krbogor.lipi.go.id Buletin Kebun Raya Vol. 22 No. 2, Juli 2019 [73–82] e-ISSN: 2460-1519 | p-ISSN: 0125-961X Scientific Article STUDI POTENSI MINYAK ATSIRI DAUN Boenninghausenia albiflora (Hook.) Rchb. ex Meisn. DI KEBUN RAYA EKA KARYA BALI Potential Study of Essential Oil of Leaves of Boenninghausenia albiflora (Hook.) Rchb. ex Meisn. at Eka Karya Botanic Garden Bali I Putu Agus Hendra Wibawa¹, Vienna Saraswaty² dan Wawan Sujarwo1 ¹Balai Konservasi Tumbuhan Kebun Raya Eka Karya Bali-LIPI, Candikuning, Baturiti, Tabanan, Bali 82191 ²Loka Penelitian Teknologi Bersih-LIPI, Jl. Cisitu Sangkuriang Gd. 50 Bandung 40135 Email: [email protected] Diterima/Received: 25 Januari 2019; Disetujui/Accepted: 28 Maret 2019 Abstract Boenninghausenia albiflora (Hook.) Rchb. ex Meisn. (Rutaceae) is an aromatic plant, containing essential oils, and has been used traditionally as a medicine. The aims of this study were to determine the percentage of essential oil from B. albiflora leaves obtained from Eka Karya Botanic Garden Bali, as well as to understand the components of chemical constituents and its potential uses. The results showed that the leaves of B. albiflora contained 0.30% (v/w) of essential oils with the main chemical components, i.e. 1,1,3,3-tetra-tert-butyl-2- phenylsulfonylthiaguanidine (37.04%), 2-methyl-1-pentene (12.23%), cis-ocimene (9.91%), methyl-d3 3-butenyl ether (9.67%), and 4,4-di-trideuteromethyl-2-allylcyclohexanone (6.47%). Bioactive compounds contained in essential oils of leaves of B. albiflora are potential as antimicrobial, antioxidant, antiinflammatory, antiproliferative, aroma therapy and natural fragrance. Keywords: aroma therapy, Boenninghausenia albiflora, essential oils, traditional medicine Abstrak Boenninghausenia albiflora (Hook.) Rchb. ex Meisn. (Rutaceae) merupakan tanaman aromatik, dilaporkan mengandung minyak atsiri, serta digunakan dalam berbagai macam pengobatan tradisional. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui persentase kandungan minyak atsiri daun B. albiflora yang diperoleh dari Kebun Raya Eka Karya Bali, dan untuk mengetahui komponen senyawa kimia penyusunnya, serta potensi pemanfaatannya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa daun B. albiflora dari Bali mengandung 0,30% (v/w) minyak atsiri dengan komponen kimia utama 1,1,3,3-tetra-tert-butyl-2-phenylsulfonylthiaguanidine (37,04%), 2- methyl-1-pentene (12,23%), cis-ocimene (9,91%), methyl-d3 3-butenyl ether (9,67%), dan 4,4-di- trideuteromethyl-2-allylcyclohexanone (6,47%). Senyawa bioaktif yang terkandung pada minyak atsiri daun B. albiflora berpotensi sebagai antimikroba, antioksidan, antiperadangan, antiproliferasi, aroma terapi, dan pewangi alami. Kata kunci: aroma terapi, Boenninghausenia albiflora, minyak atsiri, pengobatan tradisional PENDAHULUAN B. albiflora dapat ditemukan di Bhutan, Nepal, Pakistan, Kashmir, India, China, Jepang, Myanmar, Boenninghausenia albiflora (Hook.) Rchb. ex Thailand, Laos, Vietnam Utara, Filipina, Indonesia Meisn. merupakan salah satu jenis tumbuhan herba (Zhang et al., 2008), dan diduga tumbuhan ini yang termasuk dalam suku Rutaceae. Tumbuhan ini merupakan jenis asli dari India (Takhtajan, 1986). Di dapat tumbuh di daerah beriklim tropis sampai sub- India, B. albiflora ditemukan tumbuh pada tropis dengan ketinggian 500–3000 m dpl. ketinggian 2.200 m dpl. (Gaur, 1999). |73 I.P.A.H. Wibawa, V. Saraswaty, dan W. Sujarwo. Studi potensi minyak atsiri daun Boenninghausenia albiflora… Secara tradisional B. albiflora dapat Distilasi digunakan sebagai obat luka, menghentikan Proses distilasi dilakukan di Laboratorium pendarahan, dan membunuh kuman (Sujarwo & Botani Terapan Balai Konservasi Tumbuhan Kebun Arinasa, 2014; Medicinal Herbs, 2016). Remasan Raya Bali – LIPI. Sebanyak 300 g daun segar daun juga bisa digunakan untuk mengobati didistilasi menggunakan alat Steam Destilator penyakit kulit. Seluruh bagian tanaman dapat (Schott Duran 2000 ml). Pemanasan dilakukan digunakan untuk meredakan sakit kepala dengan selama lima jam pada temperatur 100°C. Minyak menempatkannya di bawah bantal saat tidur atsiri yang bercampur dengan air dipisahkan (Medicinal Herbs, 2016), sedangkan rebusan dengan menggunakan corong pisah (Separator akarnya dapat digunakan untuk mengobati malaria Schott Duran) (Handa et al., 2008). Percobaan ini (Sujarwo & Arinasa, 2014). B. albiflora juga diulang sebanyak lima kali untuk mengurangi galat. dilaporkan memiliki kegunaan sebagai anti Minyak yang berhasil dipisahkan kemudian diukur serangga karena adanya senyawa kumarin (Sharma volumenya dan dirata-ratakan. Untuk memperoleh et al., 2006). persentase kandungan minyak atsiri dihitung B. albiflora memiliki aroma yang khas dan dengan rumus berikut: menyengat karena mengandung minyak atsiri (Padalia et al., 2012). Minyak atsiri merupakan 푃푒푟푠푒푛푡푎푠푒 푚푛푦푎푘 푎푡푠푟 (%) 푉표푙푢푚푒 푚푛푦푎푘 푎푡푠푟 푦푎푛 푑푝푒푟표푙푒ℎ (푚푙) metabolit sekunder yang dihasilkan oleh tumbuhan = 푥 100% ( ) dan mempunyai kemampuan bioaktifitas, sehingga 퐵푒푟푎푡 푏푎ℎ푎푛 푦푎푛 푑푑푒푠푡푙푎푠 (Harborne, 1987) berpotensi besar digunakan sebagai bahan obat alami (Suprapta, 2005). Minyak atsiri banyak Analisis GC-MS dimanfaatkan dalam bidang industri perisa Analisis GC-MS dilakukan di Laboratorium makanan, industri komestik, dan wewangian (Rizal Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan et al., 2009). Saat ini, minyak atsiri banyak Bogor. Distilat dari minyak atsiri dianalisis dengan dimanfaatkan sebagai aroma terapi karena menggunakan GC-MS Shimadzu QP 2010. Sebanyak diketahui dapat menumbuhkan perasaan tenang 1 μL minyak atsiri murni diinjeksikan pada kolom dan menjauhkan dari perasaan cemas dan gelisah RTx 5 MS (60 m x 0,25 mm) dengan ketebalan film (Jaelani, 2009). 0,25 μm. Temperatur oven diprogram antara 50– Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui 280°C dengan laju kenaikan temperatur 5°C/menit. persentase kandungan minyak atsiri daun Gas pembawa yang digunakan adalah Helium B. albiflora yang diperoleh dari Kebun Raya Eka dengan tekanan 101 kPa, total laju aliran 46,5 Karya Bali (KREK), mengetahui komponen senyawa mL/menit, laju aliran kolom 0,85 mL/menit, laju kimia penyusunnya, serta potensi pemanfaatannya. aliran pembersihan 3,0 mL/menit, dan split ratio Penelitian ini juga dilakukan untuk mengetahui sebesar 1:50. perbedaan kandungan senyawa kimia dari minyak atsiri daun B. albiflora yang berasal dari Bali dan India Utara berdasarkan studi literatur. METODE Material Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah daun B. albiflora yang diperoleh dari koleksi KREK (Gambar 1). Determinasi jenis tumbuhan dilakukan oleh peneliti botani, Ida Bagus Ketut Arinasa. Daun yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah daun yang sedang mekar sempurna (tidak terlalu muda dan tidak terlalu tua). 74| Buletin Kebun Raya Vol.22 No. 2, Juli 2019 [73–82] A B Gambar 1. Boenninghausenia albiflora koleksi KREK: bunga (a) dan perawakan (b). HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN Herbs (2016) yang menyebutkan bahwa daun B. albiflora mengandung sekitar 0,2–0,4% minyak Distilasi atsiri. Hasil ini berbeda dengan penelitian Padalia et Hasil distilasi 300 g daun B. albiflora rata- al. (2012) yang menyatakan bahwa daun segar B. rata menghasilkan 0,9 ml minyak atsiri, yang setara albiflora pada tahap vegetatif yang dikumpulkan dengan kandungan 0,30% (v/w). Minyak atsiri B. dari Dhanachuli (Nainital) Uttarakhand, India, albiflora yang diperoleh beraroma khas menyerupai menghasilkan minyak atsiri sebanyak 0,15%. aroma jeruk dan cukup menyengat. Persentase kandungan minyak atsiri ini lebih rendah Rendemen minyak atsiri B. albiflora jika dibandingkan dengan kandungan minyak atsiri tergolong rendah jika dibandingkan dengan yang berasal dari KREK. tumbuhan penghasil minyak atsiri lainnya, seperti nilam aceh (Pogostemon cablin), dengan rendemen Kandungan kimia minyak atsiri B. albiflora 2,5–5,0%, dan daun cengkeh (Syzygium Dari hasil analisis GC-MS, minyak atsiri dari aromaticum) dengan 4–6% (Rizal et al., 2009). daun B. albiflora mengandung 37 senyawa kimia, Persentase kandungan minyak atsiri B. albiflora dan 11 senyawa diantaranya memiliki kandungan yang diperoleh mendekati data dari Medicinal kimia di atas 1% (Tabel 1.). Tabel 1. Hasil analisis GC-MS minyak atsiri daun B. albiflora dari KREK Waktu Konsentrasi No. Nama Senyawa Kelas Bidang Retensi % 1 4,4-di-trideuteromethyl-2-allylcyclohexanone OC 2.849 442509763 6.47 2 Methyl-d3 3-butenyl ether OC 2.942 661032963 9.67 3 1,1,3,3-tetra-tert-butyl-2- OC 3.241 2531490359 37.04 phenylsulfonylthiaguanidine 4 Formic acid, 1-methylethyl ester (CAS) isopropyl AC 4.167 218393282 3.20 formate 5 1-pentene, 2-methyl- (CAS) 2-methyl-1-pentene AC 4.391 835924818 12.23 6 Cis-ocimene MH 11.074 677420537 9.91 7 Trans-3-caren-2-ol OM 11.966 54265641 0.79 8 1,3,6-octatriene, 3,7-dimethyl-, (E)- (CAS) .beta. MH 12.142 6832935 0.10 ocimene y 9 γ –terpinene MH 12.342 96280715 1.41 10 1-dodecene (CAS) adacene 12 AC 14.895 22157513 0.32 11 Endobornyl acetate OM 15.040 27951808 0.41 12 Linalyl acetate OM 15.642 20307401 0.30 |75 I.P.A.H. Wibawa, V. Saraswaty, dan W. Sujarwo. Studi potensi minyak atsiri daun Boenninghausenia albiflora… Waktu Konsentrasi No. Nama Senyawa Kelas Bidang Retensi % 13 2,6-octadien-1-ol, 3,7-dimethyl-, acetate (CAS) OM 15.817 193129309 2.83 3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadienyl acetate 14 Nonane, 1-chloro- (CAS) 1-chlorononane OC 16.023 57844863 0.85 15 Senyawa yang belum diketahui 16.217 8343561 0.12 16 Trans-caryophyllene SH 16.416 41781415 0.61 17 Geranyl propionate OC 16.617 88265519 1.29 18 Propanoic acid, 2-methyl-, 3,7-dimethyl-2,6- OC 16.917 28792396 0.42 octadienyl ester, (E)-
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