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Mauritanie L'établissement De La Démocratie Peut-Il S'affranchir Du Règlement Du "Passif Humanitaire"?

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Mauritanie L'établissement De La Démocratie Peut-Il S'affranchir Du Règlement Du n° 447 Avril 2006 Rapport Mission internationale d’enquête Mauritanie L'établissement de la démocratie peut-il s'affranchir du règlement du "passif humanitaire"? INTRODUCTION . 6 I - CONTEXTE - DU COUP D'ETAT A LA DEMOCRATIE ?. 7 II - ENGAGEMENTS DES AUTORITES DE TRANSITION SUR LE RENFORCEMENT DE L'ETAT DE DROIT ET LE RESPECT DES LIBERTES FONDAMENTALES . 15 III - REPORT DU REGLEMENT DU "PASSIF HUMANITAIRE" . 19 IV - INCERTITUDES SUR LE SORT DES ISLAMISTES. 27 V - LA PRATIQUE DE L'ESCLAVAGE PERDURE . 30 CONCLUSION ET RECOMMANDATIONS . 32 ANNEXES . 35 Mauritanie - L'établissement de la démocratie peut-il s'affranchir du règlement du "passif humanitaire"? Données générales Superficie : 1.030.700 km² Population : 3,1 million (Source Nations unies, 2005) Capitale : Nouakchott Langue officielle : Arabe Monnaie : Ouguiya Religion : Islam Fête nationale : 28 novembre (proclamation de l'indépendance, en 1960) Espérance de vie : 51 ans (Banque Mondiale, 2003) Taux d'alphabétisation : 41% (Banque Mondiale, 2003) Indice de développement humain : 0,465 / 152ème sur 177 pays (P.N.U.D. 2005) Données politiques Constitution : juillet 1991 Régime transitionnel à la suite d'un Coup d'Etat militaire : 3 août 2005 Chef de l'Etat, président du Conseil militaire pour la justice et la Démocratie, Colonel Ely Ould Mohamed Vall Conventions internationales de protection des droits de l'Homme ratifiées par la Mauritanie Pacte international relatif aux droits civils et politiques (ratifié en 2004) Pacte international relatif aux droits économiques, sociaux et culturels (2004) Convention sur l'élimination de toutes les formes de discrimination à l'égard des femmes (2001) Convention internationale sur l'élimination de toutes formes de discrimination raciale (1988) Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant (1991) Convention contre la torture et autres peines ou traitements cruels, inhumains ou dégradants (2004) Charte africaine des droits de l'Homme et des peuples (1986) Protocole additionnel à la Charte africaine sur les droits de la femme (2005) FIDH / PAGE 3 Mauritanie - L'établissement de la démocratie peut-il s'affranchir du règlement du "passif humanitaire"? SOMMAIRE INTRODUCTION : LA MISSION INTERNATIONALE D'ENQUÊTE DE LA FIDH . 6 1) Mandat de la mission . 6 2) Personnes rencontrées par la mission . 6 I - CONTEXTE - DU COUP D'ETAT A LA DEMOCRATIE ?. 7 1) Le coup d'Etat militaire du Conseil militaire pour la justice et la démocratie . 7 a) Plusieurs tentatives de coup d'Etat contre le régime d'Ould Taya . 7 b) Le coup d'Etat réussi du Conseil militaire pour la justice et la démocratie. 7 c) Une condamnation de velours du coup d'Etat . 8 d) Amnistie des prisonniers politiques . 8 2) Un régime transitoire de 19 mois . 9 a) Mise en place d'un calendrier électoral . 9 b) Établissement d'un cadre électoral . 9 Volonté exprimée de créer les conditions de l'alternance politique Mise en place d'une Commission électorale nationale indépendante Un recensement à vocation électorale Interdiction pour les membres du CMJD de se présenter à un mandat électif et indépendance de l'administration vis-à-vis du processus électoral Garanties sur l'observation des élections c) Nécessité de respecter les principes de Durban de l'Union africaine . 12 3) Le temps du changement démocratique ? . 12 II - ENGAGEMENTS DES AUTORITES DE TRANSITION SUR LE RENFORCEMENT DE L'ETAT DE DROIT ET LE RESPECT DES LIBERTES FONDAMENTALES . 15 1) Engagement sur le respect des conventions internationales de protection des droits de l'Homme . 15 2) Engagement sur la révision de la Constitution . 16 3) Engagement sur les réformes législatives et l'indépendance de la justice. 16 4) Engagement sur la liberté des médias . 17 5) Engagement sur la mise en place d'une Commission nationale des droits de l'Homme . 18 III - REPORT DU REGLEMENT DU "PASSIF HUMANITAIRE" . 19 1) La question du retour des déportés et réfugiés . 19 a) Retour sur les crises ethniques . 19 b) Les réfugiés et déportés aujourd'hui . 20 c) Refus des autorités d'un retour organisé. 20 d) Problématiques du retour individualisé . 20 2) La question du jugement des tortionnaires . 22 a) Retour sur les actes de torture contre les négro-mauritaniens. 22 b) Impunité des tortionnaires en Mauritanie . 22 c) L'exercice de la compétence universelle : l'affaire Ely Ould Dah . 23 i) Portrait d'un tortionnaire ii) La procédure en France d) "Les esprits ne sont pas encore prêts au jugement des tortionnaires" . 25 FIDH / PAGE 4 Mauritanie - L'établissement de la démocratie peut-il s'affranchir du règlement du "passif humanitaire"? IV - INCERTITUDES SUR LE SORT DES ISLAMISTES . 27 1) Lutte contre le terrorisme ou musellement de l'opposition ? Les actes du régime d'Ould Taya en question . 27 2) L'affaire des "islamistes" . 27 3) Les obligations de la Mauritanie de respecter la Charte africaine des droits de l'Homme et des peuples dans le cadre de la lutte contre le terrorisme. 28 V - LA PRATIQUE DE L'ESCLAVAGE PERDURE . 30 CONCLUSION ET RECOMMANDATIONS . 32 ANNEXES . 35 Annexe 1 - Communiqués du Conseil militaire pour la justice et la démocratie . 35 Annexe 2 - Engagements de la république islamique de Mauritanie devant l'Union Européenne . 37 Annexe 3 - Observations finales du Comité pour l'élimination de la discrimination raciale . 39 FIDH / PAGE 5 Mauritanie - L'établissement de la démocratie peut-il s'affranchir du règlement du "passif humanitaire"? INTRODUCTION : LA MISSION INTERNATIONALE D'ENQUÊTE DE LA FIDH 1) Mandat de la mission Ministre des Affaires étrangères et de la coopération, M. Ahmed OULD SID HAMED La FIDH, en coopération avec son organisation affiliée, Ministre de la Justice, M. Mahfoudh OULD BETTAH l'Association mauritanienne des droits de l'Homme (AMDH) Ministre de l'Intérieur, des Postes et Télécommunications, M. présidée par Fatimata Mbaye, vice-présidente de la FIDH, a Mohamed AHMED OULD MOHAMED LEMINE, effectué une mission internationale d'enquête à Nouakchott, Directeur général des droits de l'Homme du Commissariat aux du 03 au 06 janvier 2006. La mission de la FIDH a été menée droits de l'Homme, à la lutte contre la pauvreté et à l'insertion, par son président, Me Sidiki Kaba, assisté du responsable du M. Koita BAMARIAM Bureau Afrique du secrétariat international de la FIDH, Directeur de la promotion des droits de l'Homme du Marceau Sivieude. Commissariat aux droits de l'Homme, à la lutte contre la pauvreté et à l'insertion, M. Mahamedou O/ JIJANI Considérant l'absence de tout dialogue avec les autorités Président de la Commission électorale nationale mauritaniennes depuis 1998, la mission avait pour mandat indépendante, M. Cheikh Sid'Ahmed OULD BABAMINE de renouer le contact avec les plus hautes autorités de l'Etat Président du Bloc des Partis pour le Changement (BPC), et de.
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