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Forest Insect and Disease Conditions in Vermont 2012

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Forest Insect and Disease Conditions in Vermont 2012 FOREST INSECT AND DISEASE CONDITIONS IN VERMONT 2012 AGENCY OF NATURAL RESOURCES DEPARTMENT OF FORESTS, PARKS & RECREATION WATERBURY - VERMONT 05671-0601 STATE OF VERMONT PETER SHUMLIN, GOVERNOR AGENCY OF NATURAL RESOURCES DEBORAH L. MARKOWITZ, SECRETARY DEPARTMENT OF FORESTS, PARKS & RECREATION Michael C. Snyder, Commissioner Steven J. Sinclair, Director of Forests http://www.vtfpr.org/ We gratefully acknowledge the financial and technical support provided by the USDA Forest Service, Northeastern Area State and Private Forestry that enables us to conduct the surveys and publish the results in this report. This report serves as the final report for fulfillment of the Cooperative Lands – Survey and Technical Assistance and Forest Health Monitoring programs. This document is available upon request in large print, Braille or audio cassette. FOREST INSECT AND DISEASE CONDITIONS IN VERMONT CALENDAR YEAR 2012 Wind Damage from severe weather event, July 4, 2012, Walden Heights, Vermont. Photo credit: T. Greaves PREPARED BY: Barbara Burns, Kathy Decker, Tess Greaves, Trish Hanson, Tom Simmons, Sandra Wilmot AGENCY OF NATURAL RESOURCES DEPARTMENT OF FORESTS, PARKS & RECREATION TABLE OF CONTENTS Vermont 2012 Forest Health Highlights ....................................................................... 1 Forest Resource Protection Personnel .......................................................................... 11 Introduction ................................................................................................................ 12 Acknowledgments ........................................................................................................ 12 2012 Publications ........................................................................................................ 13 Weather and Phenology ............................................................................................... 14 Forest Insects .............................................................................................................. 29 Hardwood Defoliators....................................................................................... 29 Birch Defoliation ............................................................................................................................. 29 Forest Tent Caterpillar .................................................................................................................. 29 Gypsy Moth ..................................................................................................................................... 30 Other Hardwood Defoliators.......................................................................................................... 32 Softwood Defoliators ......................................................................................... 35 Spruce Budworm ............................................................................................................................ 35 Other Softwood Defoliators ............................................................................................................. 37 Sapsucking Insects, Midges and Mites .............................................................. 38 Hemlock Woolly Adelgid ................................................................................................................ 38 Pear Thrips ....................................................................................................................................... 41 Other Sapsucking Insects, Midges and Mites ............................................................................... 43 Bud and Shoot Insects ....................................................................................... 45 Root Insects ....................................................................................................... 46 Bark and Wood Insects ..................................................................................... 47 Asian Longhorned Beetle ................................................................................................................ 47 Brown Spruce Longhorned Beetle and Black Spruce Beetle .......................................................... 47 Emerald Ash Borer ......................................................................................................................... 49 Firewood ........................................................................................................................................... 54 Trypodendron Bark Beetle Surveys ............................................................................................... 55 Other Bark and Wood Insects ........................................................................................................ 58 Fruit, Nut and Flower Insects ............................................................................ 61 Forest Diseases ............................................................................................................ 62 Stem Diseases .................................................................................................... 62 Ash Yellows ..................................................................................................................................... 62 Beech Bark Disease ........................................................................................................................... 62 Butternut Canker ............................................................................................................................ 64 Hemlock Shoot Blight ....................................................................................................................... 64 White Pine Blister Rust .................................................................................................................. 64 Other Stem Diseases ........................................................................................................................ 65 i Foliage Diseases ................................................................................................ 67 Anthracnose ..................................................................................................................................... 67 Hardwood Defoliation Complex ...................................................................................................... 67 Septoria Leafspot on Birch ............................................................................................................... 69 Needle Diseases on White Pine ...................................................................................................... 69 Other Foliage Diseases ................................................................................................................... 70 Root Diseases ................................................................................................... 72 Diebacks, Declines, and Environmental Diseases ............................................ 73 Balsam Fir Christmas Tree Dieback and Decline ......................................................................... 73 White Birch Decline and Mortality ................................................................................................ 73 Frost Damage .................................................................................................................................. 73 Hail Damage ...................................................................................................................................... 74 Larch Decline .................................................................................................................................... 74 Ozone Injury ..................................................................................................................................... 74 Spruce-Fir Decline .......................................................................................................................... 75 Extreme Weather Events ................................................................................................................... 77 Wet Sites .......................................................................................................................................... 79 Wind Damage .................................................................................................................................. 81 Other Diebacks, Declines, and Environmental Diseases ............................................................. 82 Animal Damage .......................................................................................................... 84 Invasive Plants .............................................................................................................. 85 Trends in Forest Health ............................................................................................... 86 Sugar Maple Health in 2012........................................................................................................... 86 Trends in Forest Health in Lye Brook Wilderness Area ............................................................... 89 ii FIGURES Figure 1. Monthly average temperature and total monthly precipitation in 2012, compared to normal for Burlington, Vermont. ....................................................................................................................... 17 Figure 2. Monthly rainfall amounts (in inches) at Vermont fire weather
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