DOCSLIB.ORG

INDIAN EXPERIENCE by VT Markose Abstract Till 1975, Import of Copra Or

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
INDIAN EXPERIENCE by VT Markose Abstract Till 1975, Import of Copra Or DOMESTIC MARKETING OF COCONUT PRODUCTS - INDIAN EXPERIENCE by V.T. Markose Abstract Till 1975, import of copra or coconut oil into India in substantial quantities was a regular feature. During the eighties, the quantum of import of coconut products into the country declined considerably. During the last 5 years, the import has been quite insignificant. Except for the by-product-coir, all other major coconut products such as copra, coconut, desiccated coconut and coconut oil do not figure in the export of coconut products. Domestic market for coconut products is so vast that demand for coconut and coconut products is country-wide in spite of the fact that concentration of the crop is confined to the littoral states in the country. Domestic market for coconut products consists of a chain of intermediaries such as village merchants, commission agents, brokers and wholesalers or dealers, especially for the trade in coconut, copra and coconut oil. Of late, there is a tendency to bypass the intermediaries in certain fields so that the farmers are assured of remunerative price for coconut. This is all the more significant in the case of the major coconut growing state in India, namely Kerala, where processing of coconut to copra or the trade in copra is organised through village co-operatives formed for this purpose and the co-operative market the produce to the apex body namely, KERAFED, a Government Agency which operates in such as way that the farmer is protected against crash in coconut prices. Price stabilization measures such as * * Chief Coconut Development Officer, Coconut Development Board, Cochin, India. 104 open market intervention by the Government agencies is often resorted to during the peak harvesting season to protect the interest of the farmers. Coconut oil price is highly sensitive to demand supply situations and often exhibits violent fluctuations. As 90% of the production of milling copra is concentrated in Kerala, production of coconuts in a particular year in Kerala, distribution of imported edible oil, particularly palm oil in the State, and the overall availability of other edible oils in the country,influence the coconut price level to a consider­ able extent. The future of coconut industry presents a rosy picture. Production and productivity levels show perceptible improvement. For the year 1990-1991 production level has attained the figure of 9,700 million nuts and in all likelihood it may touch 10,000 million mark by 1991-1992. Need of the hour is to accomplish product diversification either by transfer of technology or development of indigenous technology so that the new products could even tap the export market. Such a situation warrants a new orientation to the present marketing system so as to explore new markets outside the country. Introduction of coconut oil in consumer packs on a large scale, manufacture of desiccated coconut and coconut cream in sizable quantities, etc. would go a long way to stabilise the coconut prices at remunerative level to the coconut growers, processors and traders. Coconut, an important oilseed crop of tree origin grown in India, commands a unique position as a source of food, drink, shelter and vegetable oil. On the edible oil sector, seven percent of the total consump­ tion is shared by coconut oil and hence coconut has been declared as an oilseed by the Government of India in 1990. Coconut cultivation, trade, processing, and indus­ trial activities generate employment opportunities to 15 million people in the country. Coconut is a poor man’s crop in India because small and marginal farmers are the major participants in coconut production. About 5 105 million farm families depend on the crop for their livelihood. The contribution of the crop towards the national income is to the extent of Rs.35 billion or 1.4 billion USS. Export of coir and coir products earn foreign exchange to the tune of Rs.627 million annually. Coconut, the cultivation of which is concentrated mainly on the coastal tracts in India, enjoys widespread acceptance and countrywide consumption. With the production of coconuts touching 10 billion nut mark a year, India, the third largest coconut growing country in the world, may have to resort to imports in certain years to meet the internal demand. Barring coir and coir products,almost all other coconut products produced within the country fall slightly short of the internal requirements. Almost the entire coconut products figure prominently in the internal trade. As such, there are well established trade channels for coconut products within the country. The vast improvement in communication and transport systems has enabled quicker movement of goods from one corner to another as well as in transmission of market intelligence to different market centres. The coconut oil trade is in the hands of well established private business houses who deal other vegetable oils also. Because of the requirement of a very huge capital investment for the trade, coupled with the highly fluctuating nature of the prices of coconut products, it is a difficult path for new entrants to tread. Among the coconut growing States in India, the four States in the southern region viz., Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh together account for more than 90 percent of the production of coconut in the country. The distribution of area under and production of coconut in the different States and Union Territories is furnished in Appendix 1. Trend in Supply of Coconuts Import of coconut and coconut products is almost negligible during the last five years. As such, trend in 106 production of coconuts will clearly reveal the actual trend in supply. Coconut production during the last five years (Appendix 2) shows an increasing trend. Production of coconuts during the period 1985-1990 has registered a 6 percent growth rate. During 1990-1991, coconut production has touched the level of 9.7 billion nuts, registering an increase of 3.6 percent over the previous year. It is almost likely that production level would attain 10 billion nuts mark by 1991-1992. Among the coconut growing States, the contribution of Kerala, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu in production of coconuts has direct bearing on all India production. Especially, production of coconuts in Kerala influences the price of coconut products at the national level. This is one of the major factors in tilting the price level, and this, coupled with import of palm oil for distribution in Kerala, affects the price of coconut oil considerably. Spectacular improvement in production of coconut in Kerala and regular distribution of palm oil through the public distribution system at rates much lower than that of coconut oil always contributed to the downswing in price level. Marketing of Coconut Products The intervention of the Government agencies in coconut products trade has been minimum and as such coconut and coconut products in India enjoy a free market and the price is dependent on the overall demand and supply position. Government intervention takes place only to protect the interests of farmers so as to ensure a remunerative price, whenever the price level plummets below the support price. Tender Coconut Tender coconut water is a refreshing drink and is consumed as a soft drink in the metropolitan cities and smaller towns. Around ten percent of the production of coconuts in India is harvested at tender stage and is 107 marketed in big cities, towns and nearby market centres. Tender nuts are harvested throughout the year, almost every week from the same garden. Of late, the tender coconut is gaining popularity because of the preference of consumers to natural drinks vis-a-vis synthetic ones. This is all the more evident in Kerala State where harvesting tender nuts was not at all practised until recently. A situation has emerged where the retail sale of tender nuts is a common sight in cities and towns in Kerala. This is a clear enough signal pointing the scope of expanding tender coconut market on a large scale in Kerala State. Price-wise, the difference between synthetic drinks and tender coconut water is negligible. The slight edge of synthetic drinks over tender coconut water is that synthetic drinks are available in attractive consumer bottles and pouches and can be stored under refrigerated conditions and preserved for longer periods. Tender coconut is a popular soft drink in West Bengal, Orissa, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka States and also in the North Eastern States. The demand for tender coconut is comparatively negligible in Kerala because of the fact that mature nuts and its by-products are completely utilized for edible purposes, oil extraction and husk for coir fibre extraction. In the states of W. Bengal, Maharashtra and Orissa, bulk of the nut production is harvested at tender stage and marketed as soft drink. The demand for tender nut is very high during summer period extending from March to May in the country. A process to bottle coconut water from mature nuts and to standardise it to the level of soft drink has been developed by the Regional Research Laboratory, Trivandrum, India. Test marketing of this product in some of the cities revealed encouraging results. Mature Nuts Harvesting pattern of coconut influences the arrival of coconut in the assembling and retail markets 108 as well as at the processing centres. In practice, the number of harvests in India ranges from 6 to 8 times in a year depending on the location, at an interval of 45 to 60 days in between harvests, frequency of harvests being more in summer months. The marketing channel in coconuts consists of intermediaries such as village merchants, commission agents/wholesalers, and retailers within each State and outside the States. In the case of interstate trade, it passes from wholesale dealers/'commission agents of producing States, wherefrom, the stock of nuts enters into internal markets.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Volume 13, Number 1 January-June 2014
    Vol. 13, No. 1, January-June 2014 ISSN : 0973-0214 The Indian Agricultural Sciences ABSTRACTS Indian Council of Agricultural Research New Delhi Volume 13 Number 1 Vol. 13, No. 1 January-June 2014 The Indian Agricultural Sciences ABSTRACTS Published by Directorate of Knowledge Management in Agriculture Indian Council of Agricultural Research Krishi Anusandhan Bhawan-I, Pusa, New Delhi 110012 Page 2 of 75 Volume 13 Number 1 Published : July 2015 Project Director (DKMA) : Dr Rameshwar Singh Compilation and Technical Editing : Hans Raj Information Systems Officer V.S. Kaushik Chief Technical Officer © 2015, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi Published by Dr Rameshwar Singh, Project Director, Directorate of Knowledge Management in Agriculture, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Krishi Anusandhan Bhawan I, Pusa, New Delhi 110012 Page 3 of 75 Volume 13 Number 1 SAMPLE ENTRY 2 6 1 001 Paul, P.R.C.; Xavier, F.; Leena, A. (College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Trissur (India), Department, of Livestock Production Management) 3 Dairysoft: A computer programme for dairy farms. Indian 4 Journal of Animal Sciences (India). (Mar 2006).v. 76(3) p. 260-262 KEYWORDS: DAIRY FARMS; COMPUTER SOFTWARE 5 To exploit the full potential of dairy sector, a computerizd record management system dairysoft was developed. Visual Basis 6.0 was used as front end while MSAccess 97 was utilized as back end for the software. The menu base dairysoft was provided with facilities for obtaining necessary reports along with separate data entry options. 1. Entry number 2. Author(s) 3. Title in English 4. Source 5. Keywords 6. Organisation where work was carried out Page 4 of 75 Volume 13 Number 1 A50 Agricultural research 001 Anithakumari, P.; Central Plantation Crops Research Institute,Regional Station, Kayangulam (India).
    [Show full text]
  • Costs and Margins in Coconut Marketing: Some Evidence from Kerala
    Ind. in. ofAgri. Econ. Vol. 56, No. 4, Oct.-Dec. 2001 Costs and Margins in Coconut Marketing: Some Evidence from Kerala R. Ramakumar* This paper attempts to understand certain aspects of marketing of coconut in Kerala through a field survey in four districts. It tries to identify some of the major issues and then focuses on one of them, that is, the persistence of middlemen in the marketing channels and the margins that they obtain in the marketing process. It attempts an analysis of the costs and margins in various channels of trade and formulates a composite index of marketing efficiency for each channel. The study is arranged as follows. Section I introduces and highlights the problem at hand. Section II presents the analytical framework of the study. Section III deals with important features of coconut marketing in the study areas with special reference to the various marketing channels in the trade. Section IV presents the major findings of the study, i.e., the spread of marketing costs and marketing margins in these channels and the comparative efficiency in these channels with respect to selected indicators of marketing efficiency. Section V gives an account of the importance of and the experience with coconut marketing co-operatives in the state. Section VI presents a summary of the study and some policy suggestions. INTRODUCTION AND ISSUES Kerala is the largest producer of coconut and copra in India.' Though the area under coconut and production have increased over the years in Kerala, the productivity has remained stagnant (Narayana and Nair, 1989). It is noteworthy that the marginal increase in the area cultivated with coconut has been mainly due to the conversion of lands previously cultivated with paddy and tapioca (see Unni, 1983).
    [Show full text]
  • Proceedings of the International Conference and Exposition on Coconut Development
    GOVERNMENT OF KERALA PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION ON COCONUT DEVELOPMENT NOVEMBER 2 AND 3, 2019 KOZHIKODE KERALA STATE PLANNING BOARD THIRUVANANTHAPURAM JUNE 2020 Preface The Government of Kerala and the Coconut Development Board, Government of India, jointly organised a two-day International Conference and Exposition on Coconut Development on November 2 and 3, 2019 at The Gateway Hotel, Kozhikode. The idea of the Conference was suggested by Shri Pinarayi Vijayan, Chief Minister, Government of Kerala in 2018. Kerala was affected by the worst floods of the century in August 2018 and we had to postpone this event. We rescheduled the event to August 17 and 18, 2019. However, the State faced a second extreme rainfall that year and we again had to postpone the event to November 2 and 3, 2019. All our speakers and participants have stood by us and accepted our invitation every time we rescheduled the event. We are grateful to all speakers and participants in the Conference. The objective of the Conference was to share experiences and expertise from India and other parts of the world. The Conference sought to study scientific and sustainable methods of improving productivity and income, strategies for industrial led growth, and establishing a new technological basis for that growth. The Conference and Expo received a message of greetings and advice from Professor M S Swaminathan through a video message. We were honoured to have Dr Uron N Salum, Executive Director of International Coconut Community, the leading organisation in the field of coconut, among us. We had speakers from China, the Philippines, Malaysia, Indonesia, Vietnam, Thailand, Australia, and Sri Lanka.
    [Show full text]
  • Oilcrops Monthly Price and Policy Update –
    OILSEEDS, OILS & MEALS MONTHLY PRICE AND POLICY UPDATE * No. 99, October 2017 a) Global price review strengthened mainly on concerns about unfavourable sowing conditions in South In September, all three FAO price indices trailing America, where plantings risk to be delayed the oilseed complex shifted upward. The indices because of pronounced dryness in Brazil and for oilseeds and oilmeals, which fell in the month excessive rains in Argentina. Continued strong of August, rose by respectively 1.7 and 4.4 points, import demand for soybeans, in particular by or about 1 and 3 percent. The vegetable oil price China, also supported world prices. On the other index recorded an increase of 7.4 points (or 4.5 hand, price gains were capped by further upward percent), rising for the second month in revisions – based on higher yield estimates – in succession and marking a 7-month high. the official soybean production forecast for the Compared to last year, the oilseeds and oilmeal United States. Regarding other oilcrops, indices fared somewhat below the values recorded international quotations for rapeseed rose for the in September 2016, whereas the vegetable oil third consecutive month, primarily reflecting index matched the level observed 12 months ago. deteriorated production prospects in Australia and Ukraine, which amplified prevailing concerns The upward turn in the oilseed and oilmeal about tight global availabilities during the indices primarily reflects developments in the 2017/18 season. international soybean market. Quotations for soybeans, and even more so soymeal, – cont’d on next page – * The Monthly Price and Policy Update, or MPPU, is an information product provided by the oilseeds desk of the Trade and Markets Division of FAO.
    [Show full text]
  • CHAPTER-VI MARKETING of COCONUT and RUBBER Coconut
    CHAPTER-VI MARKETING OF COCONUT AND RUBBER Coconut marketing in India and Kerala The depression in the International market and surplus stock of NR in the domestic market blocked the recovery of Indian NR market during 2000-01. Not withstanding a marginal improvement in the market during the last quarter, the prices continued to rule at low levels during 2001-02 also the annul average price of RSS4 grade rubber in Kottayam market was Rs. 3036 per 100 kg during 2000-01 and Rs. 3228 during 2001-02. In Kuala Lumpur market, the annual average price of the RSS 3 grade rubber, regarded by the tyre companies as uneqivalent to Indian RSS 4, was Rs. 2958 per 100 kg during 2000-01 and Rs. 2793 during 2001-02. When the price in the domestic market continued its downward movement, the government of India intervened in the domestic market by procuring rubber though the State Trading Corporation of India Ltd., (STC) during the period from August 1997 to April 2001. In the first phase of procurement from August 1997 to March 1998 STC procured 9,596 tonnes. In the second phase, it procured 19,831 tonnes during September 1998 to October 1999. The quantity procured from the market in the third phase of the procurement from March 2000 to October 2000 was 20,000 tonnes. STC was authorized to procure another 20,000 tones in October 2000. However, the total quanity procured during the fourth phase of operation was only 5,260 tonnes. These were sold to the advanced licensed holders at International prices.
    [Show full text]
  • A Study on Coconut Development Board
    Coconut Development Board Dhanuraj D CCS RESEARCH INTERNSHIP PAPERS 2004 Centre for Civil Society K-36 Hauz Khas Enclave, New Delhi 110016 Tel: 2653 7456/ 2652 1882 Fax: 2651 2347 Email: [email protected] Web: www.ccsindia.org INTRODUCTION Coconut is grown in 92 countries in the world. Global production of coconut is 51 billion nuts from an area of 12 million hectares. The four major players; India, Indonesia, Philippines and Sri Lanka contribute 78% of the world production. India at present is the premier producer of coconut with maximum productivity at the global level. India is of the leading producers of coconuts in the world producing 13 billion nuts per annum. Coconut area is distributed in 18 states and three Union Territories. This geographical area has 3000 years’ tradition in coconut cultivation. There are millions of farmers linked with this sector directly or indirectly. Large numbers of farmer’s co-operative societies are in primary processing and marketing different coconut products. Government agencies such as Kerafed, State Trading Corporation, Kerala State Marketing Federation and Karnataka State Marketing Federation are in manufacturing and marketing of branded coconut oil in small packs. India has been known as the producer of best grade milling copra in the world yielding high-grade coconut oil known for its aroma and flavour. There are hundreds of reputed and established private firms in manufacturing and marketing of various coconut products including branded coconut oil in small packs. There are wide ranges of coconut products both edible and non-edible available for both domestic and export market.
    [Show full text]
  • KERALA KERAKARSHAKA SAHAKARANA FEDERATION LTD NO 4370 (KERAFED), Kera Tower, Water Works Compound, Vellayambalam, Vikas Bhavan (P.O), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala
    KERALA KERAKARSHAKA SAHAKARANA FEDERATION LTD NO 4370 (KERAFED), Kera Tower, Water Works Compound, Vellayambalam, Vikas Bhavan (P.O), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala. PIN – 695 033. Tel: 0471 – 2320504, 2321660, 2321046, 2326209. Fax : 0471 - 2326298. E-mail : [email protected] , Website : www.kerafed.com Tender Document for Selection of experienced consultants comprises of Chartered Accountants, Chartered Accountant firms/LLP jointly with Certified Tally implementation Agency as Total Consultants (Technical and Financial) for Management of existing customised Oracle based Accounting software and conversion to Tally ERP9 software for various units of KERAFED and its consolidation and its maintenance till March 2021. 1 KERALA KERAKARSHAKA SAHAKARANA FEDERATION LTD NO 4370 Name of Work: - Selection of experienced consultants comprises of Chartered Accountants ,Chartered Accountant firms/LLP jointly with Certified Tally implementation Agency as Total Consultants (Technical and Financial) for Management of existing Oracle based customised Accounting software and conversion to Tally ERP9 software for various units of KERAFED and its consolidation and its maintenance till March 2021. INDEX Sl.No Description Page No. 1 Advertisement 3 2 Notice Inviting tender 4 3 Kerala Kera Karshaka Sahakarana Federation Limited (KERAFED). 6 4 Selection of Total Consultant – objective 6 5 Scope of work by the Total Consultant 7 6 Eligibility 8 7 Instructions & Guidelines 9 8 Evaluation Criteria 10 9 Award of work 10 10 Schedule of payments 11 11 Application form for Selection 12 12 Organization Details (Annexure I) 13 13 Details of the Certified Tally Agency (Annexure-II) 14 14 List of Consultancy assignments completed in the last Ten years 15 (Annexure III) 15 Undertaking (Annexure IV) 16 16 Details to be submitted in the covering letter (Annexure V) 17 17 Preliminary Agreement – (Annexure-VI) 18 18 Format for Financial Bid – (Annexure – VII) 20 2 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Excise Manual Volume Ii
    KERALA EXCISE MANUALVOLUME II REVISED-2018 KERALA EXCISE MANUAL VOLUME II REVISED-2018 FOREWORD This manual is designed only to be a guide and a ready reckoner to all officers and staff of the Department in carrying out their duties efficiently and properly. This volume (Volume II) contains general instructions regarding the working of the Department and a background information about the subjects dealt within the Department. The Technical aspects of the distillery, brewery etc. have also been incorporated in this volume. Utmost care has been taken to include correct and up to date information in this manual based on Act and Rules. If any content of this manual found to be repugnant to the provisions of the Acts and Rules, the provisions of Acts and Rules shall prevail over this manual. While recommending printing of the manual, I would like to place on record my sincere appreciation of the work done by senior officers of this Department in preparing this manual in addition to their normal duties. Suggestions for the improvement of the manual are always welcome and will be given due consideration by the Department. Rishi Raj Singh, I.P.S., Excise Commissioner. TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapters Page I History of Administration 4 II Constitutional provisions relating to the control, taxation of liquors, etc 12 III Excise Revenue – source and provisions of the Act 13 IV Set up of the Department – Hierarchy and discipline 20 V Liquor 43 VI Foreign Liquor 46 VII Excise Duty-Procedure for levy 55 VIII Gallonage Fee and Vending Fee 59 IX Foreign liquor
    [Show full text]
  • Highlights of the Year 2019-20
    ANNUAL REPORT 2019-2020 HIGHLIGHTS OF THE YEAR 2019-20 Programmes Expansion of Area under Coconut Additionally brought an area of 6365.90 hectares under coconut by extending financial assistance of ` 284.88 lakh benefiting 13578 farmers. Replanting and Rejuvenation of old Coconut Gardens The scheme was implemented in the States of Kerala, Karnataka, Tamilnadu, Andhra Pradesh, Odisha, Nagaland, Mizoram, UTs of Puducherry, A & N Islands and Lakshadweep. An amount of ` 6049.55 lakh was released to the State Governments for implementing the scheme covering an area of 13614.84 ha. Technology Mission on Coconut An amount of ` 995.39 lakh was released under “Technology Mission on Coconut” for development, demonstration and adoption of technology and market promotional activities. 30 new coconut processing units were sanctioned for establishment with total investment of ` 7149.95 lakh, with a subsidy support of ` 822.50 lakh from TMoC out of which 6 are ball copra units, 5 desiccated coconut powder manufacturing units, 4 activated carbon manufacturing unit, 3 shell charcoal briquetting unit, 2 integrated coconut processing units, 2 frozen shredded and grated coconut manufacturing unit, 2 virgin coconut oil manufacturing unit, 2 coconut oil manufacturing unit, 2 tender coconut water processing unit, 1 spray dried coconut milk powder manufacturing unit and 1 copra making unit. 30 units will add value to 750.686 million nuts per year. Research Projects Four new research projects on “Mission mode programme on the management of coconut Rugose
    [Show full text]
  • Original File Was Macros/Macros.Tex
    This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Sportel, T., & Véron, R. (2016). Coconut Crisis in Kerala? Mainstream Narrative and Alternative Perspectives. Development and Change, 47(5), 1051-1077, which has been published in final form at doi.org/10.1111/dech.12260. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Use of Self-Archived Versions. Coconut Crisis in Kerala? Mainstream Narrative and Alternative Perspectives Terah Sportel Department of Geography and the Environment, University of the Fraser Valley, Canada René Véron Institute of Geography and Sustainability, University of Lausanne, Switzerland 1 Coconut Crisis in Kerala? Mainstream Narrative and Alternative Perspectives ABSTRACT India’s oilseeds sector, of which the coconut economy is part, experienced drastic changes in the wake of agricultural liberalization in the mid–1990s. A persistent coconut crisis ‘narrative’ emerged after sharp prices declines in 2000–02 in which small farmers in the state of Kerala, India’s main coconut producer, were identified as victims from the liberalized importation of cheap palm oil. This paper describes this crisis narrative based on a literature review of academic and official reports, and it challenges its problem analysis juxtaposing it with information from ethnographic research with local farmers and traders. The research indicates that local labour shortages and increased regional competition also had a strong impact on Kerala’s coconut development, which varied from region to region. Furthermore, small farmers with their diversified livelihoods did not recognize a ‘crisis’ as such. Drawing upon the ‘advocacy coalition framework’, the paper also indicates reasons for the emergence and persistence of the coconut crisis narrative and it points to complex processes of restructuring social space in the age of globalization.
    [Show full text]
  • Efficiency Structure of Co-Operative Agricultural Marketing Societies - a Case Study of Coconut Marketing Societies of Kerala State
    1 Efficiency Structure of Co-operative Agricultural Marketing Societies - A Case Study of Coconut Marketing Societies of Kerala State Dr. Kaneez Fatima Sadriwala Assistant Professor at College of Economics, Management and Information System, University of Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman Dr. Ayoob.C.P. Assistant Professor at College of Economics, Management and Information System, University of Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman. Abstract One of the peculiar features of the Kerala's coconut sector is that it is cultivated in homestead land and most of the growers are tiny or marginal farmers. Coconut marketing here is unorganized. It is cultivated in an area of 9.36 lakh ha, which is about 50 per cent of the total area under coconut cultivation in India. The annual production of coconut in the State is 5,496 million nuts, which is 44.00 per cent of the total production in the country. Lack of irrigation is one of the major reasons attributed to the low level of productivity of coconut in Kerala State. Scarcity of irrigation water is also considered as one of the major constraints in resource use management in coconut farming in Kerala. This paper attempts to examine the efficiency structure of co-operative marketing societies which are involved in the coconut marketing in Kerala. In cooperative organizations efficiency structure contains a combination of different factors such as financial performance of the societies, membership strength and their attitude towards the society, procurement and marketing of agricultural produce, Input supply, infrastructure supply, Link with apex body etc,. Key Words: Cooperatives, coconut, marketing, efficiency structure, marketing societies, unorganized marketing, Kerela coconut sector.
    [Show full text]
  • Kerala Kerakarshaka Sahakarana Federation Limited
    KERALA KERAKARSHAKA SAHAKARANA FEDERATION LIMITED. KERA TOWER, Vellayambalam,Vikas Bhavan.P.O. Thiruvananthapuram - 695 033. ( Telephone Nos. 0471 - 2320504/2326209/ 2321046 Fax : 0471 -2326298 ) Ref. No. KFD/PPM/VI/2015 DATE 18.03.2015 TENDER FORM NO. NOT TRANSFERABLE. INVITATION OF TENDER AND INSTRUCTION TO TENDERERS FOR THE SUPPLY OF CARRY BAGS FOR 1Ltr.POUCHES. ( THIS TENDER CONTAINS 11 PAGES ) To. ............................................. ............................................. ............................................. ............................................. Dear Sir (s), We, Kerala Kerakarshaka Sahakarana Federation Ltd; ( KERAFED) intend to purchase the item(s) given in the attached Annexure - I, as per description and specifications noted therein. GENERAL TERMS AND CONDITIONS :- 1. Due date and time :- The sealed Tender Form addressed to the Managing Director, KERAFED, KERA TOWER, Water Works Compound, Vellayambalam , Thiruvananthapuram - 695033 will be received up to 3.00P.M on 10.04.15 and the Tenders will be opened on the same day at 3.30 P.M in the presence of the Tenderers or their authorised representatives, who produce proper authorisation letter. 2. Total quantity required ( Approx. ) The required quantity, Technical specification, Mode of packing, Terms of Delivery etc. are given in Annexure - 1 of this Tender document. The rate and other charges should be quoted in Schedule -1 of this Annexure - I. 3.0 Earnest Money Deposit and Tender fee :- 3.1 The tender must be accompanied by the Earnest Money Deposit of Rs.3,000./-and Tender fee of Rs.700/- Plus 5% VAT in the form of Demand Draft issued by any Nationalised bank/ Co-operative bank/ Scheduled Bank in favor of the Managing Director, Kerala Kerakarshaka Sahakarana Federation Ltd; Thiruvananthapuram and should be payable at Thiruvananthapuram.
    [Show full text]