AlIRAJPUR DISTRICT MADHYA PRADESH Ministry of Water Resources Central Ground Water Board North Central Region BHOPAL 2013 1 ALIRAJPUR DISTRICT PROFILE S.No. Items Statistics 1. General Information i) Geographical area 3318 Sq km ii) Administrative Divisions Number of Tehsil/Blocks 3/6 Number of Villages 544 iii) Population (Census 2011) 728,677 iv) Normal Rainfall (mm) 912.8 2. Geomorphology 1. Major Physiographic Units: 1. i. Denudational hills of Granites 2. ii. Extension of Malwa plateau 3. iii. Pediments over Traps, Lameta and Granites 2. Major Drainage: 4. i. Mahi River & Anas River 5. ii. Narmada River & its tributaries Hatni, Orsang & Bagh Rivers 3. Land Use (‘000 ha) a) Forest area 131.7 d) Net area sown 359.46 f) Gross cropped area 414.139 4. Major Soil Types Alluvium, black cotton soil and sandy soil 5. Principal Crops a) Soyabean b) Gram c) Maize d) Wheat e) Jowar f) Rice g) Urad h) Cotton i) Groundnut 6. Irrigation by Different Sources No. Area irrigated (‘000ha) Dug wells 11441 11.132 Tube wells/Bore wells 954 .721 Tanks/Ponds 307 5.682 Canals 170 4.773 Other Sources - 11.449 Net Irrigated Area - 31.639 Gross Irrigated Area - 33.757 2 7. Number 0f Ground Water Monitoring Wells of CGWB (As on 31.3.2013) Number of Dug Wells 9 Number of Piezometers 2 8 Predominant Geological Formations Recent alluvium, Deccan Trap basalts, Bagh Beds and Archaeans Granites. 9 Hydrogeology Major Water Bearing Formation Sandy alluvium, Weathered/vesicular basalt, Sand and Limestone of Lameta beds and Weathered and fractured Granites. Pre-monsoon depth to water level during 2012 3.45-14.95 m bgl Post-monsoon depth to water level during 2012 2.00 – 11.10 m bgl Long-term water level trend in 10 years (2003- 1.26 to 18.93 (Rise) 2012) cm/year 10. Ground Water Exploration By CGWB (As on 31.3.2013) No of wells drilled (EW, OW, PZ, Total) (EW-15, OW-15 Pz -2) Depth Range 68.75 – 213.27 m. bgl Discharge Meager – 400 lpm Specific Capacity - Transmissivity - 11. Ground Water Quality Presence of Chemical constituents more than EC (646-1545) µs/cm at 250C permissible limit (e.g. EC, F, As, Fe) Nitrate-5.6-198 mg/l F (0.39-0.98) mg/l 12 Dynamic Ground Water Resources (2009) (MCM) Net Annual Ground Water Availability 201.48 Gross Ground Water Draft 54.28 Projected Demand for Domestic and Industrial 28.46 uses up to 2035 Stage of Ground Water Development 27% 13 Awareness and Training Activity Mass Awareness Programme Organised Nil Water Management Training Programme Nil 14 Efforts of Artificial Recharge & Rainwater Harvesting Projects completed by CGWB Nil Projects under technical guidance of CGWB Technology Mission on drinking water 15 Ground Water Control and Regulation Number of OE Blocks Nil Number of Critical Blocks Nil Number of Notified Blocks Nil All blocks are under safe category 16 Major Ground Water Problems and Issues Fluoride contamination in Ground Water 3 1.0 INTRODUCTION Alirajpur district derived iots name from Alirajpur State, formerly a princely state of India, under the Bhopawar Agency in Central India. It lies in the Malwa region of Madhya Pradesh, near the border with Gujarat and Maharashtra. The district is hilly, and consists of tribal people as majority of population who live in small villages near Alirajpur. However, the towns population mainly consists of general people. It was under British administration from time to time. The Victoria Bridge at Alirajpur was built to commemorate the Diamond Jubilee in 1897. The Rajwara fort is situated in the centre of the town attached with a beautiful playground known as Fateh Club. Alirajpur is also the hub for dolomite business. According to the 2011 census Alirajpur district has a population of 728,677, roughly equal to the nation of Bhutan or the US state of Alaska. The district has a population density of 229 inhabitants per square kilometre (590 /sq mi). Its population growth rate over the decade 2001–2011 was 19.4 per cent. Alirajpur has a sex ratio of 1,009 females for every 1,000 males, and a literacy rate of 37.22 per cent, the lowest in India. 1.1 Divisions This district comprises three tehsils: Alirajpur, Jobat and Bhabra. 1.2 Communications: Alirajpur is connected to Dohad station of Western Railway on Ratlam-Baroda Section by 70 km. and 65 km. long all weather roads respectively. Jobat is also connected to Meghnagar station of Western Railway on the same section by 80 km. all weather road. Alirajpur is 33 km. from Jobat and from Indore by 135 km. 1.3 Topography: The area included extremely hilly area comprising number of parallel ranges rising abruptly from the level ground. The area is undulating with a number of small hillocks rising 10 to 30 m. above the surrounding country. The highest point here is 1430 ft. above M.S.L. 1.4 Drainage: The Orsang river flows in a southerly direction, Hatni river has south-easterly flow and Dohi River has southerly course along with most of their tributaries. Areas has a general slope towards south. 2.0 RAINFALL AND CLIMATE Climate is generally moderate and seasons are well defined. The summers are hot, winters are short and the monsoon season is generally pleasant. The average annual rainfall in the district is about 912.8mm. Most of the rainfall occurs in monsoon season while there is also a little of rainfall in winter season. A hot summer and general dryness characterize the climate of Alirajpur district, except during the southwest monsoon season. The year can be divided in to four seasons. The winter commences from middle of November and lasts till the end of February. The period from March to about middle of June is the hot summer season. May is the hottest month of the year. The southwest monsoon starts from middle of June and lasts till end of September. October and middle of November constitute the post monsoon or retreating monsoon season. 4 The temperature starts rising from the beginning of February and reaching maximum in the month of May. The normal annual mean maximum temperature is 32.80C and normal annual mean minimum temperature is 19.10C. 3.0 GEOMORPHOLOGY & SOIL TYPES Alirajpur district is mainly a hilly region covered with a chain of hills known as “The Vindhyachal” which extends northwards towards Udaipur in Rajasthan. The maximum density of the hills is in the southern part of the district in Alirajpur tehsil. The maximum elevation of 777 m. amsl is recorded near Mathwar village in Sondwa block. The general trends of the hills are in east- west direction. Alirajpur district lies in the major basins, the Mahi in the north and the Narmada in the south. The Narmada River forms the southern boundary of the district with a westerly flow of water. The major tributaries having their confluence with the Narmada are Hatni, Ankhar, Sukar, Orsang, Heran, Kara and Bagh. Narmada River, 50 km long in the district, along with its tributaries drains 48% of the geographical area. 4.0 GEOLOGY The area forms a part of the south-eastern extension of the Archaeans of Rajasthan. The Archaean group is overlain unconformably by Cretaceous sedimentary deposits. A major part of the area included is covered by granites and the other types such as dolomitic marble and granulites and the other types occupied by chlorite and other schists, granites and associated gneisses and sedimentaries (Bagh beds ?) The stratigraphic sequence worked out in the area is presented below: Cretaceous Bagh (?) Beds Limestone (highly siliceous and fossiliferous) Grits and sandstone (often calcareous and ferruginous.Conglomerate -----------------Unconformity-------------------- Intrusives Dolerites Pegmatite and Quartz veins. Migmatites. Granites Amphibolites and granulites. Archaeans Quartzites Calciphyres Dolomitic Marbles Chlorite schists often garnetiferous. Metasediments Talc chlorite schists Graphite schists . 4.1 Hydrogeology The general hydrogeological conditions of the district are depicted in formation wise settings are discussed below. 4.1.1 Archaeans The Archaean group of rocks is exposed in the central, northwestern parts of the district. The groundwater generally occurs under phreatic conditions in the weathered, jointed and 5 fractured horizons of different rock units. The pink and grey granites are exposed mainly in Alirajpur tehsil are generally hard and compact and are poorly permeable rocks. The gneissic granites are susceptible to weathering with jointed and fractured zones extending about 5 to 15 m below ground level. The occurrence of groundwater in the granites and gneissic granites depend on the depth of weathering. The phyllites and schist are moderately permeable. The occurrence of groundwater is dependant on the intensity of fractures and disposition of foliation planes. The dolomitic marble and limestone occurring as bands, generally occurring occupy small hill ranges and as such theirs geographic locations is unfavorable for ground water development. Krastic limestone supports good yields from phreatic aquifer. 4.1.2 Lameta and Bagh Beds Overlying unconformably the Archaeans, are the infra-trappean represented by the Lameta and the Bagh beds. The main exposures are seen in the southeastern and central parts of the district. The outcrops occur in widely separated patches and the litho-stratigraphy differs from place to place. In general, the rock units lower arenaceous and upper calcareous facies. Nimar sandstone, the basal units of the Bagh beds in the area are horizontally bedded and compact in nature with an average thickness of 12 to 18 meters. Though hard and compact, they are well jointed and fractured and act as groundwater repository. Nimar sandstone is overlain by nodular limestone and coralline limestone. The groundwater occurs generally under phreatic conditions in the Intra-trappean sandstone and limestone.