EIA Report for 15.26ha Jamli Choti & Arandi Falia Summary Manganese Mine
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
1. PROJECT DESCRIPTION Introductions The lease area was granted to M/s S. R. Ferro Alloys having office at 9, Siddeshwar Colony Jhabua (MP) for 30 years.
M/s S. R. Ferro Alloys is a Partnership firm registered under company act. List of Partner is given below: 1. Shri Brajendra Sharma 2. Shri J. K. Singh 3. Shri Nilesh Upadhyay 4. Miss Ankita Sharma Shri Rajendra Singh Nayak is authorized for the concerned mining lease.
The committee suggested Terms of References (‘ToR’) for the preparation of the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) and Environmental Management Plan (EMP) through its letter no. 452/PS-MS/ MPPCB/ SEAC/ TOR (192)/ 2015 Bhopal date 15/06/2015 by SEIAA/SEAC, which are incorporated in the EIA/EMP report at their respective places.
Details of the project Table – 1 S. No. Particulars Details 1. Locations Village Jamli Choti & Arandi Falia Tehsil Jobat District Alirajpur State MP 2. Latitude 22o29’34.0” to 22o30’00.8” North Longitude 74o34’38.1” to 74o35’00.8”East 3. General ground level 379mRL 4. Elevation range Highest - 393m RL Lowest - 366m RL 5. Nearest National/ State Highway SH-39 - 2.25km - W 6. Nearest Railway Station Anas - 42.0 km 7. Nearest Airport Indore - 127.0km 8. Nearest Town Jobat - 8.50km 9. Nearest Tourist Place within 10km None radius. 10. Archaeological Important Place within None 10km radius. 11. Ecological Sensitive Areas (Wild Life None
M/s S. R. Ferro Alloys, Jhabua (MP) Ex. 1
M/s CES, Bhopal
EIA Report for 15.26ha Jamli Choti & Arandi Falia Summary Manganese Mine
Sanctuaries) within 10km radius. 12. Nearest hill range within 10km radius None 13. Reserved / Protected Forest within Qila Jobat RF -0.75km - WSW 10km radius Jali RF - 2.25km - WSW Paneri RF - 6.50km - W Jameri RF - 5.25km – SE Siyalip PF - 6.75km – NE Chualiya PF - 9.25km - E 14. Nearest major city with 100000 None population within 10km radius 15. Nearest Town/City within 10km None radius 16. Nearest Village Jamli Choti - 0.20 km - WSW Arandi Falia - 0.40km - ESE 17. Nearest River with 10km radius Dohi River - 4.75 Km - SE 18. Nearest Nalla/pond Water Reservoir - 2.75km – SE Water Reservoir - 2.25km - S Nalla - 0.01km – W Nalla - 0.06km – SE 19. Other mines within 2km radius None 20. Industry within 10km radius None 21. Surrounding features within 500m East –agricultural land, nalla, village road South east- Nalla, agricultural land, habitation South – Agricultural land, South west – Agricultural land, Nalla West-Agricultural land, Nalla & Village North west- Agricultural land, Nalla North –Agricultural land & habitation Source: Field Survey Mining lease status The subject mine lease area is located in village –Jamli Choti and Arandi Falia, Taluka Jobat, Alirajpur District (M.P.). Land use of the area is defined as Govt. waste land.
Mining Details Table – 2 S. No. Particulars Details 1 Type of Mine Open Cast 2 Mining Lease Area 15.26 ha 3. Mineable Area 1.60 ha 4. Existing Pits & Quarries 0.75 ha 5. Existing Dumps 0.10ha 6. Existing Infrastructure Nil 7. Existing road Nil 8. Existing garland drain, settling tank Nil
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EIA Report for 15.26ha Jamli Choti & Arandi Falia Summary Manganese Mine
9. Mineral Storage Nil 10. Plantation Nil 11. Recoverable Reserve 163750.00 MT 12. Method of mining OTFM 13. Present depth of mining 1.5-6.0m 14. Ultimate Depth of Mining 11m bgl (355m MSL) 15. Ultimate Pit Slope 60-80o 16. Expected Life of Mines 7 years 17 Lease Period 30year 18 Thickness of lateritic soil Minimum 0.0m Maximum 0.25 m 19 Stripping Ratio 1 :0.58 to 1:0.93 20 Mode to transportation Road 21 Area to be covered under dumps in conceptual 1.01 ha period 22 Area covered under pit in conceptual period 1.4880 ha 23 Area to be reclaimed by conceptual period Nil 24 Area to be covered under plantation by 3.00 ha conceptual period 25 Area to covered under water reservoir 1.00 ha 26 Area to covered under Infrastructure 0.06 ha 27 Area to covered under road 0.10 ha 28 Area to covered under garland drain, settling 0.34 ha tank 29 MSL 393-366m 30 Ground water table Monsoon period 20m bgl (346m MSL) Dry month 25m bgl (341 m MSL) 31 Total production per day 127MT 32 Dumper requirement per day (24tonne 5 capacity) Source: Approved Mining Plan by IBM Mineable Reserves and Life of Mine Mining losses (Loss of mineral during loading, transportation and other handling operation=negligible) Although the proposals are given with OTFM ‘A’ category, keeping mineral importance and past mining activity experience the manual means of working will be on higher side hence the mineral loss will be negligible therefore not considered. Recoverable Reserves 121 = 163750MT (Manganese ore)
Mine life estimated by taking mineable reserves and maximum yearly production of minerals is 38000 MT per year. Total Mineable Reserve is 163750MT
M/s S. R. Ferro Alloys, Jhabua (MP) Ex. 3
M/s CES, Bhopal
EIA Report for 15.26ha Jamli Choti & Arandi Falia Summary Manganese Mine
Thus first five year Production= 116827 MT Balance Reserves = 163750-116827= 46923MT Life 46923/38000= 1.23year Thus Total Mine Life = 5+1.23=6.23 say 7year The life of the mine is worked out on the basis of the production projected presently. This will change depending upon the market conditions as well as the increase in reserves after proposed exploration. Method of Mining It is a fresh case hence no mining activity has been carried out presently.
Opencast other than fully mechanized method of mining has been proposed at location shown on 5 year development/ production plans and sections. HEMM will be deployed for excavation in OB and ore. Loading of OB will be done by loader cum excavator while of ore by manual means. Transportation will be done by dumpers. Sorting and sizing of ore will be done by manual means during the proposal period. Jigging of ore will be practiced of size more than 3mm and less than 25mm manually. Drilling and blasting will be carried out of dia 32mm of depth 1.5m. No deep hole drilling and blasting is proposed. Requirements for the project Land Requirement Total mining lease area is 15.26 Ha. The status of the land is given below: Table -3 District/ State Tehsil Village Khasara No Area Ownership Alirajpur (MP) Jobat Jamli Choti 255 13.13ha Govt. land Arandi Falia 249 2.13ha Govt. Land Source: Approved Mining Plan by IBM & P-II form Water Requirement Water requirement of the mining project is estimated 78.00kl per day respectively. Manpower Requirement Mining Engg./First class Mines manager 1, Geologist 1, Mines Foreman 1, Skilled 25, Semi Skilled 50, Unskilled 25 No. of working days 300. The statutory requirement in respect of miner’s health will be implemented as per rules Power Requirement No power will be required for mining process Extent of Mechanization Opencast OTFM mining method will be adopted with deployment of JCB, excavator cum loader shovel, Loader etc.
2.0 DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT Baseline details
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EIA Report for 15.26ha Jamli Choti & Arandi Falia Summary Manganese Mine
During the study period, ambient air quality and noise level monitoring was done at 8 locations whereas, surface & ground water sampling was carried out at 4 & 8 locations respectively and soil sampling was done at 4 locations. Results for the same are summarized below:
Biological environment Since there are no notified endangered species in the area, which may be affected due to the mining activities, therefore the biological environment will not have significant impact due to proposed activity. The impact on the biological environment due to amount of dust generation is minimised by well-developed green belt in and around mining lease area. Mitigation measure Extensive plantation is proposed around the mine site, which will serve not only as a sink for pollutant but also as a noise barrier. Afforestation on 3.0ha area with 6000numbers of trees is proposed. It is expected that with the adoption of these mitigative measures, the impact due to operation of the mine will be minimal on the terrestrial ecosystem. Proper control measures for less noise generation, control of silt containing discharge, safe mining practices shall be adopted. Proper handling of mineral and overburden will reduce fugitive emissions and hence minimal impact is expected on surrounding flora and fauna inclusive of agricultural species due to deposition of dust No transportation route should be selected which goes through wild life sanctuaries/parks Aerial light and horning activities should not be allowed in the night to create disturbance even for the domestic and non scheduled faunal elements. Individual tree guard will be erected for the protection of plants. Regular watering will be done throughout the year, expect in monsoon season. About 250 plants will be planted on both side of the existing unpaved road (320m) in single rows at plant spacing of 2.5m. Plants of large sized tree species will be planted at a spacing of 10m and between any two plants of large sized tree species, three (03) plants of small sized tree/shrub species, shrubs will be planted. The selection of species will depend on the availability of quality planting material. Following species will be planted both side of road: Large tree species: Mango, Neem, Jamun, Imli, Mahua, Gulmohar etc Small tree species: Karanj, Aonla, Amaltas, Bael, Sissoo, Kachnar etc
3.0 ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES Impact on Air Environment
M/s S. R. Ferro Alloys, Jhabua (MP) Ex. 5
M/s CES, Bhopal
EIA Report for 15.26ha Jamli Choti & Arandi Falia Summary Manganese Mine
Excavations of mineral, transportation of OB, handlings of dumps, movement over haul roads, transportation of mineral and crushing of mineral in the vicinity are source of air pollution. Air pollution caused as above can be classified into the following categories: Gaseous pollutants (Nitrogen Oxides, Sulphur Dioxide and Carbon Monoxides); and Particulate Matter. All the 8 sampling stations within the buffer zone, the avg. values were observed in the range 44.57 to 76.11µg/m3 and the 98th percentile values in the range 47.19 to
88.60µg/m3. The highest 98% value of PM10 is observed at Jobat (A-7), which is in town
place. It is, therefore, concluded that the PM10 levels at all stations are in compliance with the air quality standards for respective area categories. Mining shall be done other than fully mechanised and complete measures shall be taken to control fugitive emission. Therefore, mining activities will not adversely change the existing ambient air quality.
Moreover mitigative measures suggested for air pollution control are based on the baseline ambient air quality monitoring data. It is desirable that air quality should be monitored on a regular basis to check vis-à-vis the standards prescribed by CPCB and in cases of non-compliance, appropriate mitigative measures shall be adopted. Dust control measures Dust is the major pollutant generated from the mining operations, during handling, transportation of the material and crushing after excavation of mineral at beneficiation plant. The environmental control measures, which will be proposed to control the fugitive dust released during the operation are given below:
Following measures have been suggested for mitigation the effect of mining operation over ambient air environment: Spraying of water will be proposed on the haulage roads, services road & dump area. Dumping will be done in north direction, and away from the habitation. To prevent the fugitive emission during windy days, the process of stabilization need to be fastens. Regular water spraying over the dumps (once in a day) is suggested at this stage. The stabilization of Dump shall be ensured as it will remain there at conceptual period. Dust mask will be provided to all workers, but use shall be made compulsory. Regular maintenance of vehicles and machines will be carried out in order to control emissions. Frequency of maintenance need to be scheduled, hence log book and prior maintenance is required for smooth functioning. Haulage of overburden/mine waste to the siding will be done by dumper. The approach road from lease area to PWD road is about 0.32 km, which is kuchha road. Dust generation due to transportation will be for limited period and extent to small M/s S. R. Ferro Alloys, Jhabua (MP) Ex. 6
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EIA Report for 15.26ha Jamli Choti & Arandi Falia Summary Manganese Mine
area. Water spraying will be proposed, however water spraying over the road is suggested prior to movement of dumper for at least 0.320km from the mining gate with scheduled frequency of one trip in two hrs. The timing of movement of dumpers must be scheduled in considering with local village activities About 250 plants will be planted on both side of the existing unpaved road (320m) in single rows at plant spacing of 2.5m. Plants of large sized tree species will be planted at a spacing of 10m and between any two plants of large sized tree species, three (03) plants of small sized tree/shrub species, shrubs will be planted. The selection of species will depend on the availability of quality planting material. Following species will be planted both side of road: Large tree species: Mango, Neem, Jamun, Imli, Mahua, Gulmohar etc Small tree species: Karanj, Aonla, Amaltas, Bael, Sissoo, Kachnar etc Water shall be sprayed over the muck pile and dumps to reduce the dust generation; Impact on Water Environment There is no water course in the lease area. The main drainage of the area is through local nalla in west and SE at 10m & 60m distance respectively which confluence in Dohi River at a distance of about 7.25km in S direction. The pumped out water will mostly utilized for irrigation purpose. By providing drain around hill slope and along the dump, the impact of silt flow toward the agricultural field and nearby land is prevented. The accumulated rain water in the mine pits will help in recharging the ground water. Following measures will be proposed by the proponent: Garland drain along the waste dumps and foot of hillock will be proposed. Following garland drain will proposed in lease area: Details of proposed garland drain Garland drain no. Location of Garland drain Size mL X mW X mD PGD_1 BP_1 to BP_39 430 X 0.5 X 1.0 PGD_2 BP-39 to BP-36 330 X 0.5 X 1.0 PGD_3 BP-36 to BP-31 690X 0.5 X 1.0 PGD_4 BP-31 to BP-24 730 X 0.5 X 1.0 PGD_5 BP-24 to BP-19 694X 0.5 X 1.0 PGD_6 BP-14 to BP-17 400 X 0.5 X 1.0 PGD_7 BP-8 to BP-4 590 X 0.5 X 1.0
It is proposed to make 15 number of settling pits within the garland drain and proposed to connect drains to large settling tanks through these pits to avoid silt discharge from open ended drains Following settling pits are suggested to control sedimentation problem Details of proposed settling pit Indentified Drain With No. No. of Settling Pit Size of Settling Pit (M) W X L X D Proposed settling pit PGD_1 PSP_1 0.5x0.35x1.5 M/s S. R. Ferro Alloys, Jhabua (MP) Ex. 7
M/s CES, Bhopal
EIA Report for 15.26ha Jamli Choti & Arandi Falia Summary Manganese Mine
PGD_1 PSP_2 0.5x0.35x1.5 PGD_1 PSP_3 0.5x0.35x1.5 PGD_2 PSP_4 0.5x0.35x1.5 PGD_2 PSP_5 0.5x0.35x1.5 PGD_2 & PGD_3 PSP_6 0.5x0.35x1.5 PGD_3 PSP_7 0.5x0.35x1.5 PGD_3 PSP_8 0.5x0.35x1.5 PGD_3 PSP_9 0.5x0.35x1.5 PGD_3 & PGD_4 PSP_10 0.5x0.35x1.5 PGD_4 PSP_11 0.5x0.35x1.5 PGD_4 PSP_12 0.5x0.35x1.5 PGD_5 PSP_13 0.5x0.35x1.5 PGD_5 PSP_14 0.5x0.35x1.5 PGD_5 PSP_15 0.5x0.35x1.5
02 numbers of settling tanks and one water body will be proposed in lease area. Details has been given in below Details of existing and proposed settling Tank Settling tank no. Location Size Proposed settling tank Settling tank no. 1 BP_40 to BP-37 60.0mL X 50.0mW X 5.0mD Settling tank no. 2 BP_30 & BP_29 50.0mL X 40.0mW X 5.0mD Proposed water body Water body_1 1.00Ha X 8.0mD
Impact on Noise Major noise generating sources may be considered as excavation, and loading and dumper movement used for transportation of minerals. In order to control the noise levels in the work zone following measures are proposed: Row of trees shall be planted all around mine premises to reduce propagation of noise and dust due to blast outside the lease; The workforce working at the mining face, where high noise level is expected, shall be provided with protective device for occupational safety, however it’s wearing should be made compulsory to them. Inspection and maintenance scheduled need to be nicely formulated and strictly adhered to. Noise generating machinery, should strictly be in compliance with the recommendations of the manufacturers. This would ensure an installation free from vibration and exhaust leaks which are also major contributors to increased noise levels
M/s S. R. Ferro Alloys, Jhabua (MP) Ex. 8
M/s CES, Bhopal
EIA Report for 15.26ha Jamli Choti & Arandi Falia Summary Manganese Mine
Ground vibration study is recommended at least once in year to avoid in complication and conflict with the villagers. Maintenance of machines and vehicles has been carried out regularly. The scheduling of frequency is need attraction. Use of physical barriers and green belt development around the mine to restrict the noise from going outside the mine boundary during operation All the necessary precautions such as hoisting of red flag at a safe distance, alarming the people by whistling and shouting will be taken before blasting Impact on Land & Soil Environment It is proposed to leave the part of excavated pit as water reservoir structure, which may give positive impact to the area and portion of the excavated pit will be backfilled. The mining lease area does not possess threat to any forest growth as existing land use of the site is a barren waste land. One waste dumps will be proposed in lease area as bund around the water body because backfilling will not be proposed. Following measures shall be taken to avoid/minimise the adverse effects of proposed mining activity: Vegetation shall be removed only from the specific site on which extraction of mineral to be taken place, if any. The soil will be used for afforestation purpose and will not be kept active for longer period. Re handling of dump shall be taken carefully to avoid spillage towards agricultural field. Proper slope and benches with retaining wall for the dumps is suggested to prevent spillage of waste to agricultural land. The water reservoir of 1.0 ha shall be provided fencing and proper steps. Plantation along Barrier zone and water reservoir shall be carried out
4.0 POST PROJECT ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMME Table – 5 POST PROJECT MONITORING PROGRAMME S. Environmental Locations Parameters Period and No. Attributes Frequency 1 Ambient Air quality Mine Office PM10, PM2.5 SO2, 24 hr. average Jamli Choti NOx, CO samples monthly Arandi Falia and as directed by during mining Baira MPPCB phase 2 Ground water Lease area Drinking Water Pre Monsoon and Jamli Choti parameters as per Post Monsoon Arandi Falia IS 10500 Baira 3 Surface water Mine pit, pH, conductivity, Pre Monsoon and local Nalla (W), Alkalinity, TS, TDS, Post Monsoon local Nalla (SE) TSS, Total hardness,
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EIA Report for 15.26ha Jamli Choti & Arandi Falia Summary Manganese Mine
S. Environmental Locations Parameters Period and No. Attributes Frequency Cl, SO4, Ca, Mg, K, Na, F, PO4, Fe, Pb, Mn, Zn, Ni 4 Ambient Noise Mine site (near the dB (A) levels Hourly day and working pit during night time Leq excavation, Jamli levels every quarter Choti, Arandi Falia, Baira 5 Mines discharge Settling tank, settling pH, conductivity, Pre and Post pits, tailing storage Alkalinity, TS, TDS, Monsoon tanks & garland drain TSS, Total hardness, of lease area Cl, SO4, Ca, Mg, K, Na, F, PO4, Fe, Pb, Mn, Zn, Ni 6 Soil Quality In and around the site Organic matter, C, Annual H, N, alkalinity, Acidity, heavy metal 7 Ground water table Core and buffer zone - Annual monitoring At Mine site Jamli Choti Arandi Falia Baira
5.0 ADDITIONAL STUDIES The Additional Studies conducted as per the Terms of Reference (ToR) issued by SEIAA/SEAC vide letter no. 452/PS-MS/ MPPCB/ SEAC/ TOR (192)/ 2015 Bhopal date 15/06/2015 by SEIAA/SEAC with regard to Public hearing & subsequent CSR plan.
6.0 PROJECT BENEFITS Socio-economic benefits The following activities will be implemented in each of these areas: Medical Assistance Providing better medical care to local people by extending them the first aid facilities; Regular immunization programs; Periodic specialist medical camps Education Institution of scholarship and prizes; Supporting adult education programs.
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EIA Report for 15.26ha Jamli Choti & Arandi Falia Summary Manganese Mine
Vocational course and training to local Youth
Socio-economic benefits M/s S. R. Ferro Alloys will be providing the employment to local people in the subject mine as per the qualification and skill. 7.0 ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN LAND USE PATTERN The original topography of the ML area will be affected mainly due to the mining operation. Table – 6 Existing and Conceptual land use plan of core zone Items Existing Conceptual period Total lease area 15.26ha Ultimate depth of mining 1.5 -6.0m 11m bgl (355m MSL) Ultimate pit slope 60-80o 60-80o Area under dumps 0.10ha 1.01ha Area under pits 0.75ha 1.4880ha Area to be reclaimed Nil Nil Infrastructure & Road Nil 0.16ha Mineral storage Nil 0.50ha Plantation Nil 3.00ha Garland drain, settling tank Nil 0.34ha Water body 0.50ha 1.00ha Sub-grade dump Nil 0.10ha
SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT The impacts on the different components viz employment, housing, educational, medical and transport facilities, fuel availability, economics, status, health agriculture is not significant because size of project is very small. However, it would definitely increase the employment opportunity (primary as well as secondary) in the project area. Some of these impacts would be beneficial. It is not out of place to mention that another two mines, which in the vicinity and both are operational at small level. The expectation of the people of the area is concerned towards employment, education, and health facilities. The literacy rate of the study area is medium. The literacy rate may be increased with the economic benefits may arises from the mining activities. Further the villagers and workers may also get benefitted by medical camps and primary medical facilities, which will be provided by the management.
GREENBELT DEVELOPMENT AND PLANTATION PROGRAMME However the afforestation should always be carried out in a systematic and scientific manner. It is proposed to carry the plantation along the 7.5mt barrier zone, both side of roads, village side and non-mineralised area by considering 80% rate of survival. Trees
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EIA Report for 15.26ha Jamli Choti & Arandi Falia Summary Manganese Mine
like Karanj, Sheesham, Mango, Neem and some other varieties will be planted in consultant with forest department. Trees will be planted in 3x3m2 area and sapling will be planted in 30cm deep hole covered with soil and manure. The details of year wise area and nos. of sapling planted area as under: Table no. 7 Afforestation plan Afforestation plan Requirements of Plants For Afforestation/Reclamation Year Unworked area Outside dumps Bench of pit Inside dump Total green belt (reclaim) Area Trees Area Trees Area Trees Area Trees Area Trees (Ha) (Ha) (Ha) (Ha) (Ha) Present Nil Nil ------Nil Nil 1st to 5th 2.00 4000 - - - - 1.00 2000 3.00 6000 Total 2.0 4000 - - - - 1.00 2000 3.00 6000
OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY MEASURES Measure to control and minimize the risks at workplace, SIS will implement Health & Safety with the following objectives: To prevent hazards may be due to slope failure To provide safe and healthy environment to all the employees. Fugitive dust, noise and fines may affect the health of workers. Safety of employee during operation will be taken care of as per mine regulations act 1961. To avoid any adverse affects on the health of workers due to dust & noise, sufficient measures have been provided in the mining project. These may include: Provision of rest shelters for mine workers with amenities like drinking water, fans, toilets etc. Provision of personal protection devices to the workers; Dust suppression of haul road. First-aid facilities within lease area. Height, slope and width of dump shall be developed as per the approved mining plan. Regular medical examination shall be conducted for the employees. Working benches and dump benches shall be developed as per approved mining plan.
2. Implementation Schedule of Mitigation Measures The mitigation measures which given in chapter-9 at EMP, suggested above shall be implemented so as to reduce the impact on environment due to the operations of the proposed capacity expansion project. In order to facilitate easy implementation of
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EIA Report for 15.26ha Jamli Choti & Arandi Falia Summary Manganese Mine
mitigation measures, these are phased as per the priority implementation as given in Table-8.
Table No. 8 Implementation Schedule Activity Action Plan Water spraying over on the haulage roads & During development and operation of mine services road develop green belt around periphery and along Immediate (may be started from coming the road monsoon) Cleaning and maintenance of Garland drain Before and during monsoon Maintenance and Construction of retaining wall During development and operation of mine along the dumps Provision and compulsory use of Dust mask, ear During development and operation of mine plugs, safety shoes and other PPE to all workers Regular health monitoring (ones in a year) of During development and operation of mine workers Provision of rest shelters for mine workers with During development and operation of mine amenities like drinking water, fans, toilets etc. Socio economic measures During development and operation of mine Air pollution control measures Immediate and progressive Water pollution control measures Immediate continual Noise control measures Immediate continual Ecological preservation and upgradation Immediate & Progressive
3. CONCLUSION As discussed, it is safe to say that the project is not likely to cause significant impact on the ecology and environment of the area, as adequate preventive measures will be adopted to contain the pollutants within permissible limits. Green belt development around the area would also be taken up as an effective pollution mitigative technique, as well as to control the pollutants released due to mining.
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M/s CES, Bhopal