DOCSLIB.ORG

Myiasis in Man and Animals in the Old World

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Myiasis in Man and Animals in the Old World <5^5'^5--7 MYIASIS IN MAN AND ANIMALS IN THE OLD WORLD A Textbook for Physicians, Veterinarians and Zoologists. F. ZUMPT Ph.D., F.R.E.S. Head of the Department of Entomology, South African Institute for Medical Research; Membre honoraire de la Socieie Royals d'Entomologie de Bei LONDON BUTTERWORTHS 1965 MYIASIS IN MAN AND ANIMALS IN THE OLD WORLD ENGLAND: BUTTERWORTH & CO. (PUBLISHERS) LTD. LONDON: 88 Kingsway, W.C.2 AUSTRALIA: BUTTERWORTH & CO. (AUSTRALIA) LTD. SYDNEY : 6/8 O'Connell Street MELBOURNE : 473 Bourke Street BRISBANE : 240 Queen Street CANADA: BUTTERWORTH & CO. (CANADA) LTD. TORONTO : 1367 Danforth Avenue, 6 NEW ZEALAND: BUTTERWORTH & CO. (NEW ZEALAND) LTD. WELLINGTON: 49/51 Ballance Street AUCKLAND : 35 High Street SOUTH AFRICA: BUTTERWORTH & CO. (SOUTH AFRICA) LTD. DURBAN : 33/35 Beach Grove U.S.A.: BUTTERWORTH INC. WASHINGTON, D.C.: 7235 Wisconsin Avenue, 14 To my wife GERTRUD who has always accompanied me on my field-trips, often under very difficult conditions FOREWORD By PROFESSOR J. H. S. GEAR Director, South African Institute/or Medical Research THIS monograph is a massive work and the result of many years' collection and painstaking analysis of records on the part of Dr. Zumpt and his associates. It is a complete account of' myiasis in man and animals of the Old World '. Myiasis as a form of parasitism is of the greatest scientific interest. In animals myiasis is often a serious problem and the condition frequently results in the death of domestic stock and so is of considerable economic importance. In man the condition only occasionally threatens life, but often gives rise to painful and sometimes serious and disfiguring illness. This work fulfils an important need for a comprehensive reference book. All those concerned with these problems will be grateful to Dr. Zumpt and his associates for the pertinacity of purpose and great effort which have ensured its publication. By PROFESSOR R. M. DTJ TOIT Dean, Faculty of Veterinary Science and Head of the Department of Parasitology, Veterinary Research Institute, Onderstepoort As a most valuable addition to the libraries of the medical practitioner, the veterin- arian, the zoologist and also to the naturalist, this comprehensive monograph of the myiasis-producing flies of the Old World fulfils a long-felt want and should have a wide appeal, since it is by no means designed for the use of the specialist only. Dr. Zumpt and his co-workers must be congratulated on bringing together in a single volume the latest available information on the complex and absorbingly interesting problem of myiasis in man and animals, both wild and domestic, in a form which makes possible the recognition of the dipterous parasites likely to be encountered in these hosts as well as in their non-parasitic phases. The numerous illustrations of a very high standard assist the reader to a great extent. To the large number of forms described in the widely scattered literature of the world, which has entailed much painstaking research in libraries and museums in many countries, Dr. Zumpt has added the results of his own findings over many years, gleaned from expeditions to many remote parts of Africa. The effort which has gone into the compilation of this work cannot but arouse the gratitude and admiration of all who will benefit by it and as a reference of outstanding merit the book will serve as a lasting tribute to its compiler and his associates. CONTENTS FOREWORDby PROFESSOR J. H. S. GEAR, Director, South African Institute/or Medical Research; and by PROFESSOR R. M. DU TOIT, Dean, Faculty of Veterinary Science and Head of the Department of Parasitology, Veterinary Research Institute, Onderstepowt .. .. .. .. .. .. vii INTRODUCTION .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. xi ,. xi Myiasis Terminology .. .. .. .. .. .. .. - . Definition of Terms . .. .. ,. .. .. .. , .. xii Purpose and Plan .. .. .. ,. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. xiv Acknowledgements .. .. .. .. .. .. .. - ., .. .. xiv Chapter 1. EVOLUTIONARY TRENDS IN MYIASIS-PRODUCING FLIES .. .. The Saprophagous Root .. -. .. .. .. .. - 1 .. The Sanguinivorous Root .. ,. ., . - .. .. .. .. 2 The Myiasis-producing Diptera Recorded from the Old World ., .. .. 2 2. THE MORPHOLOGY OF MYIASIS-PRODUCING DIPTERA IN THE OLD WORLD Systematic Position .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. -. 5 The Adult Musciform Fly .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 5 The Musciform Larva .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 8 3. KEYS TO THE LARVAE OP MYIASIS-PRODUCING DIPTERA IN THE OLD WORLD Key to Ectoparasitic Blood-sucking Larvae .. .. .. .. .. - - 11 Key to Larvae Found in Dermal Layers .. .. .. .. .. .. -. 11 Key to Larvae Found in Head-cavities .. .. .. ., .. .. 13 Key to Larvae Found in the Alimentary Tract or Excreted with the Faeces . 14 Key to Larvae Found in the "Urogcnital Organs .. .. .. .. .. 16 4. MORPHOLOGY) BIOLOGY AND PATHOGENESIS OF MYIASIS-PRODUCING FLIES IN SYSTEMATIC ORDER . . Suborder: Nematocera .. ,. .. ., .. .. .. 17 Family: Anisopodidae .. .. ,. .. .. .. .. -. 17 Family: Psychodidae .. .. .. .. .. .. .. - - 18 .. Suborder: Brachycera .. .. .. .. .. .. - 19 Family: Phoridae .. .. .. ,. .. .. .. - .. .. 19 .. -. Family: Syrphidae .. .. .. -. .. .. .. 22 Family: Piophilidae . - .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 24 Family; Neottiophilidae .. .. ,. .. .. .. .. .. - 25 Family: Ephydridae .. ., .. .. .. .. .. - .. 28 Family: Chloropidae .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 28 ,. .. Family: Muscidae .. .. .. *. .. .. 31 Family: Calliphoridae .. .. .. .. .. .. .. - 45 . Subfamily: Calliphorinae . .. .. .. .. .. 46 -. Subfamily : Sarcophaginae . .. .. .. 102 Family: Gasterophilidae .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 110 Subfamily: Gasterophilinae .. .. .. .. .. .. - 111 Subfamily : Cobboldiinae .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 134 . Subfamily: Rutteniinae .. .. .. .. 138 Subfamily: Neocuterebrinae .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 140 Family: Oestridae .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 141 Subfamily; Oestrinae . .. .. .. 143 Subfamily : Hypoderminae . - .. - .. .. - 189 CONTENTS 5. HOST-PARASITE LIST ^ Wild Animals .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 230 .. .. .. .. .. Class: Amphibia .. ., ,. .. 230 Class: Reptilia .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ., 230 Class: Aves . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 230 Class: Mammalia .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 233 .. .. .. .. Domestic Animals and Man .. .. .. ,. .. 237 Class: Aves .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 237 Class: Mammalia .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 237 6. TECHNIQUE Collection and Rearing of Larvae and Adults .. .. .. .. .. .. 240 Preservation for Scientific Purposes .. .. .. .. .. .. 241 7. CONTROL MEASURES Control of Blood-sucking Larvae .. .. .. .. .. . 242 Control Measures Against Sheep Strikes and Other Wound-myiasis-producing Larvae -. 242 Control of Cattle Grubs and Other Boil-producing Dipterous Larvae .. .. .. 243 Control of Nasal Bots .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 245 Control of Intestinal Infestations .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 245 .. .. REFERENCES .. ,. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 246 INDEX OF PARASITES .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ,. 259 INDEX OF HOSTS .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ., .. .. 264 INTRODUCTION MYIASIS TERMINOLOGY THE term * myiasis' was proposed by Hope (1840) in a paper entitled (On insects and their larvae occasionally found in the human body '. Somewhat earlier Kirby and Spence (1818) created the term ' scolechiasis ' for such invasions by insect larvae in general. Hope, however, restricted this name to lepidopterous larvae, and suggested using his new term only in connection "with dipterous larvae. The term * myiasis' has since been taken over by many authors, but not always with equal restrictions. De la Torre-Bueno (1937), for instance, explains it in his well-known Glossary of -Entomology as indicating a ' disease or injury caused by the attack of dipterous larvae '. Used in this broad sense, even an attack by a horse-fly larva on an earth-worm, which freed itself subsequently, but suffered an injury, must be labelled as ( myiasis'. On the other hand, a normal infection of the alimentary tract of a horse with Gasterophilus larvae is not pathogenic and therefore causes no disease, but a heavy one may cause pathological reactions in the host. In the former case the infection would not fall under the term ' myiasis ', but this would become applicable as soon as reactions arose. The pathogenesis of a parasitic infection is, of course, the most important practical con- sideration, but ought not to be a prerequisite for a term which indicates merely the fact that an animal is infected with dipterous larvae. The pathological reactions of the host are secondary; they may or may not arise, but they are to be expected wherever such an infection exists. The problem of myiasis must be considered from a biological aspect, and not only from a clinical one. It is also not practical to give a term like myiasis too broad a meaning, and most modern authors have therefore restricted it to infections of vertebrate animals and man. In this book, the term * myiasis ' is denned as the infestation of live human and vertebrate animals with dipterous larvae, which, at least/or a certain period, feed on the host's dead or living tissue, liqma body-substances, or ingested food. The important criterion of this definition is that the dipterous larvae complete, or at least for a certain period continue, their normal development on or in the vertebrate body. Such larvae belong to two groups which are sharply separated biologically: the obligatory parasites, and the facultative parasites. Dipterous larvae living as obligatory parasites are those which normally develop exclusively in
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Cordylobia Anthropophaga in a Korean Traveler Returning from Uganda
    ISSN (Print) 0023-4001 ISSN (Online) 1738-0006 Korean J Parasitol Vol. 55, No. 3: 327-331, June 2017 ▣ CASE REPORT https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2017.55.3.327 A Case of Furuncular Myiasis Due to Cordylobia anthropophaga in a Korean Traveler Returning from Uganda 1,3 2 1 1 3 3, Su-Min Song , Shin-Woo Kim , Youn-Kyoung Goo , Yeonchul Hong , Meesun Ock , Hee-Jae Cha *, 1, Dong-Il Chung * 1Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, 2Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, South Korea; 3Department of Parasitology and Genetics, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan 49267, Korea Abstract: A fly larva was recovered from a boil-like lesion on the left leg of a 33-year-old male on 21 November 2016. He has worked in an endemic area of myiasis, Uganda, for 8 months and returned to Korea on 11 November 2016. The larva was identified as Cordylobia anthropophaga by morphological features, including the body shape, size, anterior end, pos- terior spiracles, and pattern of spines on the body. Subsequent 28S rRNA gene sequencing showed 99.9% similarity (916/917 bp) with the partial 28S rRNA gene of C. anthropophaga. This is the first imported case of furuncular myiasis caused by C. anthropophaga in a Korean overseas traveler. Key words: Cordylobia anthropophaga, myiasis, furuncular myiasis, molecular identification, 28S rRNA gene, Korean traveler INTRODUCTION throughout the tropical and subtropical Africa [5]. Humans can be infested through direct exposure to environments con- Myiasis is a parasitic infestation by larval stages of the flies taminated with eggs of the fly [6].
    [Show full text]
  • Three Cases of Cutaneous Myiasis Caused by Cordylobia Rodhaini
    Case Report Three cases of cutaneous myiasis caused by Cordylobia rodhaini Stefano Veraldi1, Stefano Maria Serini1, Luciano Süss2 1 Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, I.R.C.C.S. Foundation, Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy 2 Postgraduate Course in Tropical Medicine, University of Milan, Milan Italy Abstract Cordylobia sp. is a fly belonging to the Calliphoridae family. Three species of Cordylobia are known: C. anthropophaga, C. rodhaini and C. ruandae. The C. rodhaini Gedoelst 1909 lives in Sub-Saharan Africa, especially in rain forest areas. Usual hosts are rodents and antelopes. Humans are accidentally infested. Myiasis caused by C. rodhaini has been very rarely reported in the literature. We present three cases of C. rodhaini myiasis acquired in Ethiopia and Uganda. Key words: cutaneous myiasis; Cordylobia sp.; Cordylobia rodhaini J Infect Dev Ctries 2014; 8(2):249-251. doi:10.3855/jidc.3825 (Received 25 May 2013 – Accepted 05 August 2013) Copyright © 2014 Veraldi et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Introduction Locations of the lesions were on the right leg for the Cordylobia sp. is a fly belonging to the first patient; on the abdomen, pubis, scrotum and left Calliphoridae family. Three species of Cordylobia are thigh, for the second patient; in the left shoulder for known: C. anthropophaga, C. rodhaini and C. the third patient. Two patients presented with a lesion ruandae. C. rodhaini Gedoelst 1909 was first each, and a patient with five lesions.
    [Show full text]
  • Cordylobia Anthropophaga in a Korean Traveler Returning from Uganda
    ISSN (Print) 0023-4001 ISSN (Online) 1738-0006 Korean J Parasitol Vol. 55, No. 3: 327-331, June 2017 ▣ CASE REPORT https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2017.55.3.327 A Case of Furuncular Myiasis Due to Cordylobia anthropophaga in a Korean Traveler Returning from Uganda 1,3 2 1 1 3 3, Su-Min Song , Shin-Woo Kim , Youn-Kyoung Goo , Yeonchul Hong , Meesun Ock , Hee-Jae Cha *, 1, Dong-Il Chung * 1Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, 2Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea; 3Department of Parasitology and Genetics, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan 49267, Korea Abstract: A fly larva was recovered from a boil-like lesion on the left leg of a 33-year-old male on 21 November 2016. He has worked in an endemic area of myiasis, Uganda, for 8 months and returned to Korea on 11 November 2016. The larva was identified as Cordylobia anthropophaga by morphological features, including the body shape, size, anterior end, pos- terior spiracles, and pattern of spines on the body. Subsequent 28S rRNA gene sequencing showed 99.9% similarity (916/917 bp) with the partial 28S rRNA gene of C. anthropophaga. This is the first imported case of furuncular myiasis caused by C. anthropophaga in a Korean overseas traveler. Key words: Cordylobia anthropophaga, myiasis, furuncular myiasis, molecular identification, 28S rRNA gene, Korean traveler INTRODUCTION throughout the tropical and subtropical Africa [5]. Humans can be infested through direct exposure to environments con- Myiasis is a parasitic infestation by larval stages of the flies taminated with eggs of the fly [6].
    [Show full text]
  • Human Myiasis in Rural South Africa Is Under-Reported
    RESEARCH Human myiasis in rural South Africa is under-reported S K Kuria,1 PhD; H J C Kingu,2 MD, MMed (Surg); M H Villet,3 PhD; A Dhaffala,2 MB ChB, MMed (Surg) 1 Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha, Eastern Cape, South Africa 2 Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha, Eastern Cape, South Africa 3 Department of Entomology and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, Eastern Cape, South Africa Corresponding author: S K Kuria ([email protected]) Background. Myiasis is the infestation of live tissue of humans and other vertebrates by larvae of flies. Worldwide, myiasis of humans is seldom reported, although the trend is gradually changing in some countries. Reports of human myiasis in Africa are few. Several cases of myiasis were recently seen at the Mthatha Hospital Complex, Mthatha, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa (SA). Objective. Because of a paucity of literature on myiasis from this region, surgeons and scientists from Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha, decided to document myiasis cases presenting either at Nelson Mandela Academic Hospital or Umtata General Hospital from May 2009 to April 2013. The objective was to determine the incidence, epidemiology, patient age group and gender, and fly species involved. The effect of season on incidence was also investigated. Results. Twenty-five cases (14 men and 11 women) were recorded in the 4-year study period. The fly species involved were Lucilia sericata, L. cuprina, Chrysomya megacephala, C. chloropyga and Sarcophaga (Liosarcophaga) nodosa, the latter being confirmed as an agent for human myiasis for the first time.
    [Show full text]
  • Durham E-Theses
    Durham E-Theses Studies on the morphology and taxonomy of the immature stages of calliphoridae, with analysis of phylogenetic relationships within the family, and between it and other groups in the cyclorrhapha (diptera) Erzinclioglu, Y. Z. How to cite: Erzinclioglu, Y. Z. (1984) Studies on the morphology and taxonomy of the immature stages of calliphoridae, with analysis of phylogenetic relationships within the family, and between it and other groups in the cyclorrhapha (diptera), Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/7812/ Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in Durham E-Theses • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full Durham E-Theses policy for further details. Academic Support Oce, Durham University, University Oce, Old Elvet, Durham DH1 3HP e-mail: [email protected] Tel: +44 0191 334 6107 http://etheses.dur.ac.uk 2 studies on the Morphology and Taxonomy of the Immature Stages of Calliphoridae, with Analysis of Phylogenetic Relationships within the Family, and between it and other Groups in the Cyclorrhapha (Diptera) Y.Z. ERZINCLIOGLU, B.Sc. The copyright of this thesis rests with the author.
    [Show full text]
  • Wild Animals As Reservoirs of Myiasis-Producing Flies in Man and Domestic Animals in Africa
    WILD ANIMALS AS RESERVOIRS OF MYIASIS-PRODUCING FLIES IN MAN AND DOMESTIC ANIMALS IN AFRICA F. ZUMPT South African Institute for Medical Research SUMMARY The following myiasis-producing flies in man and domestic animals have wild animals as reservoirs: Cordylobia anthropophaga (Blanchard)-Calliphoridae. Cordylobia rodhaini Gedoelst-Calliphoridae. Gasterophilus spp.-Gasterophilidae. Gedoelstia haessleri Gedoelst-Oestridae. Gedoelstia cristata Rodhain and Bequaert-Oestridae. Little is known about wild reservoirs of Chrysomya bezziana Villeneuve (Calliphoridae), which nowadays infests mainly cattle, which are to be regarded as the only important reservoirs. Wild hosts, however, must have played a decisive role in the past. Wild reservoirs of the Tumbu fly Cordylobia anthropophaga are mainly rodents; those of Lund's fly Cordylobia rodhaini are small antelopes and the giant rat. Both species are commonly . ) 0 found and are important pests of humans, dogs and several other domestic animals. 1 0 2 There are seven species of equine bot flies Gasterophilus spp. recorded from the Ethiopian d e region, two of them only from zebras. Most probably, however, all species are able to develop t a d in horses and donkeys as well as in zebras, so that the latter form true reservoirs for these ( r parasites. Occasional human skin infestations with first instar larvae (creeping myiasis) are e h s known. i l b Two Gedoelstia spp. are common parasites in the head cavities of wildebeest and harte­ u P beest, but under certain circumstances, the flies larviposit also on sheep, goats, cattle and horses e h t and cause "oculo-vascular myiasis" (uitpeuloog) which is accompanied by a high mortality.
    [Show full text]
  • Tyramine Receptor Drives Olfactory Response to (E)-2-Decenal in the Stink Bug
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.10.05.326645; this version posted October 7, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-ND 4.0 International license. 1 Tyramine receptor drives olfactory response to (E)-2-decenal in the stink bug 2 Halyomorpha halys 3 4 Luca Finetti1, Marco Pezzi1, Stefano Civolani1,2, Girolamo Calò3, Chiara Scapoli1 and Giovanni 5 Bernacchia1 6 7 1Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy; 8 2InnovaRicerca s.r.l. Monestirolo, Ferrara, Italy; 3Department of Biomedical and Specialty Surgical 9 Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy. 10 11 *Author for correspondence: Giovanni Bernacchia, Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, 12 University of Ferrara, via Luigi Borsari 46, Ferrara, Italy. Tel (+39) 0532 455784 [email protected] 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 1 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.10.05.326645; this version posted October 7, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-ND 4.0 International license. 29 Abstract 30 In insects, the tyramine receptor 1 (TAR1) has been shown to control several physiological functions, 31 including olfaction. We investigated the molecular and functional profile of the Halyomorpha halys 32 type 1 tyramine receptor gene (HhTAR1) and its role in olfactory functions of this pest.
    [Show full text]
  • Cordylobia Rodhaini Infestation of the Breast: Report of a Case
    CASE REPORT – OPEN ACCESS International Journal of Surgery Case Reports 27 (2016) 122–124 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect International Journal of Surgery Case Reports j ournal homepage: www.casereports.com Cordylobia rodhaini infestation of the breast: Report of a case mimicking a breast abscess ∗ Veronica Grassi, James William Butterworth , Layloma Latiffi Princess Royal University Hospital, Farnborough Common, Orpington, Kent, Greater London BR6 8ND, United Kingdom a r t a b i c s t l r e i n f o a c t Article history: INTRODUCTION: Myiasis, parasitic infestation of the body by fly larvae, caused by the Cordylobia rodhaini Received 10 May 2016 is very rare with only fourteen cases published since 1970. We present a rare case of myiasis mimicking Accepted 16 July 2016 a breast abscess. Available online 25 July 2016 PRESENTATION OF CASE: A 17-year-old female presented with a nodular ulcerative lesion in her left breast 14 days following a trip to Ghana. She had been initially unsuccessfully treated with the antibiotic flu- Keywords: cloxacillin following a misdiagnosis of a breast abscess. Following application of Vaseline to the breast Cordylobia rodhaini wound, covering the wound for 2 h and gentle manipulation the larvae was removed successfully and Myiasis the patient made a good recovery. Breast abscess DISCUSSION: Presenting as an inflammatory papule with central opening oozing serosanguinous fluid Fly larvae myiasis secondary to C. rodhaini can easily be mistaken for a breast abscess, often avoiding detection by unsuspecting surgeons on initial assessment. In turn ineffective antibiotic treatment is often prescribed leading to further disease progression and associated morbidity.
    [Show full text]
  • Furuncular Myiasis of the Lower Leg
    Acta Dermatovenerol Croat 2019;27(3):190-191 LETTER TO THE EDITOR Furuncular Myiasis of the Lower Leg A 35-year-old Caucasian woman, otherwise Human myiasis represents the infestation of hu- healthy, presented with a four weeks history of pain- mans by developing dipterous larvae (maggots) of ful, inflammatory nodules, each with a central open- various fly species (1). The most common flies caus- ing on her right lower leg (Figure 1). Intermittently, ing human myiasis are Dermatobia hominis (DH, “hu- a marked serosanguinous secretion was noted. The man botfly”) and, less frequently, Cordylobia anthro- remaining skin and mucosa were not affected. The pophaga (“tumbu fly”) or Cordylobia rodhaini (1). patient denied any history of trauma. One month ear- DH is indigenous in Central and South America, lier she had returned from a journey to Peru. Despite but in Europe and the United States of America only topical treatment with corticosteroids and antibiotics cases of travelers that imported the infestation have as well as systemic therapy with oral doxycycline, the been described (2,3). The adult DH is a yellow-headed lesions did not show any regression or reduction in fly with a grey-blue body of approximately 15 mm. their secretion. An incisional biopsy was performed DH is active throughout the year and predominantly at all sites and the extracted organic specimens were found in humid and high temperature regions of Cen- submitted for histopathological assessment. Histo- tral and South America (2). The larvae of DH develop pathology revealed a mixed inflammatory dermal in- as obligate parasites in living tissue, causing furuncu- filtrate consisting of numerous eosinophils admixed lar myiasis (2,4).
    [Show full text]
  • Cutaneous Myiasis in Traveler Returning from Ethiopia
    LETTERS Cutaneous Myiasis has an opening, through which the She reported that 7 days earlier she larva breaths and discharges its waste had returned from a 1-month trip to in Traveler products. Cutaneous myiasis is usually Ethiopia. During her stay in Ethiopia, Returning from an uncomplicated and self-limiting she had been primarily in rural areas Ethiopia disease. The fl ies have adapted to but did not report contact with sick tropical environments, and spread persons. Her vital signs were normal. To the Editor: Myiasis is an to areas in which this disease is not Physical examination showed infestation of human tissue by the endemic is unlikely. a 2.5-cm2 erythematous area on larval stage of fl ies of the order Diptera. In the emergency department, the lateral aspect of the upper arm There are 3 clinical manifestations of cellulitis or furuncular lesions are (Figure, panel A). There was a myiasis: localized furuncular myiasis common with a broad differential 1-mm central punctum and local typically caused by Dermatobia diagnosis. With the introduction of tenderness. Discharge, streaking, hominis, Cordylobia anthropophaga, bedside ultrasonography in the or proximal adenopathy were Wohlfahrtia vigil, and Cuterebra spp.; emergency department, ultrasono- not present. Other results of the creeping dermal myiasis caused by graphic evaluation of soft tissue examination were noncontributory. Gasterophilus spp. and Hypoderma infections is more accurate than Results of a complete blood count spp.; and wound and body cavity clinical examination in detecting and liver function tests were within myiasis caused by Cochliomyia abscesses (8,9). Ultrasonographic reference ranges. Results of a chest hominivorax, Chrysomya bezziana, examination of soft tissue infections radiographic were normal.
    [Show full text]
  • A Case of Cutaneous Myiasis Due to Cordylobia Anthropophaga in Infant in Makkah, Saudi Arabia
    Asian Journal of Research in Dermatological Science 3(1): 25-29, 2020; Article no.AJRDES.57549 A Case of Cutaneous Myiasis Due to Cordylobia anthropophaga in Infant in Makkah, Saudi Arabia Amal M. Almatary1,2 and Raafat A. Hassanein3,4* 1Parasitology Unit, Maternity and Children Hospital, Makkah, Saudi Arabia. 2Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt. 3Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Saudi Arabia. 4Department of Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt. Authors’ contributions This work was carried out in collaboration between both authors. Author AMA designed the study, wrote the protocol and wrote the first draft of the manuscript. Author RAH managed the analyses of the study and managed the literature searches. Both authors read and approved the final manuscript. Article Information Editor(s): (1) Dr. Peela Jagannadha Rao, Quest International University Perak, Malaysia. Reviewers: (1) Sujith M, Kerala University of Health Sciences, India. (2) C. Soundararajan, Tamil Nadu Veterinary Animal Sciences University, Madras Veterinary College, India. Complete Peer review History: http://www.sdiarticle4.com/review-history/57549 Received 26 March 2020 Case Report Accepted 04 June 2020 Published 17 June 2020 ABSTRACT Myiasis caused by Cordylobia anthropophaga is rare in the Saudi Arabia, however, scarce morphological information exists regarding this dipteran. A female Saudi infant, one-month-old with tender erythematous nodules with small central ulceration in the arm and abdominal wall. During investigation, 2 larvae came out from the lesion. Cordylobia anthropophaga was identified by paired spade-like mouth hooks and 2 posterior spiracles, which lack a distinct chitinous rim.
    [Show full text]
  • Case Report Furuncular Myiasis in Italian Traveler Returning from Kenya
    Case Report Furuncular myiasis in Italian traveler returning from Kenya Ester Oliva1, Graziano Bargiggia1, Gianpaolo Quinzan2, Paola Lanza2, Claudio Farina1 1 UOC Microbiologia e Virologia, ASST “Papa Giovanni XXIII”, Bergamo, Italia 2 UOC Malattie Infettive, ASST “Papa Giovanni XXIII”, Bergamo, Italia Abstract Myiasis has been defined as the infestation of organs and/or tissues with dipterous larvae. They are especially widespread in tropical and subtropical areas. Cutaneous myiasis is its most frequent clinical presentation. This report presents a case of furuncular myiasis caused by the larva of Cordylobia anthropophaga in a 22-year-old girl living in Bergamo, Northern Italy, who returned from Kenya (Watamu) with a big, painful furuncle in her right gluteus. The patient accidentally removed the larva from a large pimple and took it to the infectious disease ambulatory clinic at the ASST “Papa Giovanni XXIII” Hospital, Bergamo. In the Microbiology and Virology Department of the same hospital, a larva of C. anthropophaga was identified and the diagnosis of myiasis was confirmed. Key words: Furuncular myiasis; Tumbu fly; Cordylobia anthropophaga; Kenya; traveler. J Infect Dev Ctries 2020; 14(1):114-116. doi:10.3855/jidc.11560 (Received 11 April 2019 – Accepted 13 december 2019) Copyright © 2020 Oliva et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Introduction contaminated by animal urine or feces, or on dirty Myiasis is a parasitic infestation of a live mammal's and/or non-ironed clothes. The flies may also be organs and/or tissues by larvae of dipterous flies, which stimulated for oviposition by the soiled napkins of can be living or partially/completely necrotic.
    [Show full text]