DOCSLIB.ORG

Marine Ecotourism Potential in Unggeh Island Tapanuli Tengah Regency, North Sumatra, Indonesia

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Marine Ecotourism Potential in Unggeh Island Tapanuli Tengah Regency, North Sumatra, Indonesia e-ISSN:2528-0759; p-ISSN:2085-5842 JIPK. Volume 12 No 2. November 2020 DOI=10.20473/jipk.v12i2.17940 Sinta 2 (Decree No: 10/E/KPT/2018) Available online at https://e-journal.unair.ac.id/JIPK/index JIPK Marine Ecotourism Potential in Unggeh Island Tapanuli Tengah Regency, North Sumatra, Indonesia Zulham Apandy Harahap1* , Ipanna Enggar Susetya Study Program of Aquatic Resources Management, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, North Sumatera .Indonesia. Abstract Unggeh Island located in the administration of the Village Sitardas Badiri District, Central Tapanuli Regency into a marine tourism area. The development of marine ARTICLE INFO ecotourism Unggeh Island is an alternative to the economic improvement of society. This study aims to assess the potential of coral reef ecosystem in the Received: July 22, 2020 Accepted: September 26, 2020 form of percentage of life form coral, coral species and species and abundance of Published: September 27, 2020 reef fish found in Unggeh Island waters of Central Tapanuli Regency and to analyze the suitability of coral reef ecosystem in Unggeh Island for tourism *) Corresponding author: utilization especially marine diving and snorkeling. Coral reef community data E-mail:[email protected] collection was done by using SCUBA divers equipment, in identifying The coral community used underwater photo transect (UPT) method, while coral fish Keywords: diversity was observed by underwater visual census (UVC) method. Physical and Unggeh Island chemical oceanography parameter data such as temperature, salinity, pH, current, Ecotourism, Coral Reefs transparency and DO are performed at each observation station. The survey Reef Fishes results of coral reef observation at four stations showed different results. Percentage of live coral cover of station 1 to 4 were 25.40 %, 12.33%, 28.53%, This is an open access article un- and 25.53 respectively. Therefore, reef fishes found 36 species that consist of ten der the CC BY-NC-ND license families and 423 individual fishes. The results showed that Unggeh Island was (http://creativecommons.org/li- suitable (S2) for diving and snorkeling activities, with the carrying capacity was censes/by-nc-nd/4.0/) 3.054 persons/day. Cite this as: Harahap, Z. A., & Susetya, I. E. (2020). Marine Ecotourism Potential in Unggeh Island Tapanuli Tengah Regency, North Sumatra, Indonesia. Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan dan Kelautan, 12(2): 250-262. http://doi.org/10.20473/jipk.v12i2.17940 Copyright ©2020 Universitas Airlangga 250 Harahap et al. / JIPK, 12 (2): 250-262 1. Introduction Utilization and empowerment of potential resources site has been designated as conservation area. and marine services of small islands directed at tourism Therefore, it is necessary to have a research to reveal and fisheries development. This is based on two main the maritime potential of Unggeh Island, especially in reasons. The first reason is that Indonesia has an area of coral reef ecosystems, so that known condition of coral 70% which is the sea and has more than 10,000 small reef ecosystems, species, and abundance of reef fish islands with high biodiversity. Second, most of the found in the island to be analyzed suitability to be a population who live on the coast and small islands work marine tourism object especially for snorkeling and and have activities related to the sea (Bengen et al., diving. 2006). Development of ecotourism in coastal areas and small islands is one alternative to improve the economy of coastal communities. 2. Materials and Methods Ecotourism is a natural tourism activity in the area 2.1 Study site that is responsible for paying attention to the elements This research was conducted in July 2017, located in of education, understanding, and support for efforts to Unggeh Island of Sitardas Village, Badiri Subdistrict, conserve natural resources, as well as increasing the Tapanuli Tengah Regency, North Sumatera Province. The income of local people (Minister of Home Affairs data collection consists of 4 points of the observation Regulation No. 33 of 2009). Based on these regulations, one type of regional ecotourism is marine station. The observation station represents all of the ecotourism. Coral reef utilization is one of the research locations. Coordinate of each stations as follows: o o environmental services in the form of marine tourism, station 1 (098 45'50.15''E ; 01 34'39.00''N), station 2 o o o such as diving and snorkeling. Diving and snorkeling (098 45'27.5''E; 01 34'16.35''N), station 3(98 45'24.11'' o o o are very popular marine tourism in the coral reef E;01 34'45.18''N), station 4(098 45'26.60''E; 01 34'44.97'' ecosystem. Good management can support local N) (Figure 1). income and open up opportunities for local economic growth, for example by developing it as a diving and 2.2 Procedures snorkeling resort (Swearer et al.,1999; Cesar et al., These activities include primary data collection by 2003 in Zulfikar et al., 2011). measuring in situ several parameters of aquatic Unggeh Island is in the administration of Sitardas environments, coral reefs, and reef fish. While the Village, Badiri Subdistrict, Central Tapanuli Regency material used is the identification book of coral reef and which located at coordinates 1o34'23'' - 1o34'37'' N and identification book of reef fish (Kuiter and Tonozuka, 98o45'26'' - 98o45'42'' E. The distance of Unggeh Island 2001). Coral reef ecosystem data was measured using is about 11 miles from the mainland of Sumatera. The Underwater Photo Transect (UPT) method by topography of this island consists of lowland with a determining the lifeform type of coral reef ecosystem little hilly in the west. Unggeh Island has rocky and the percentage of coral reef cover and data analysis beaches in the west and south and sandy beaches in the is done with software CPCe 4.1 (Kohler and Gill, 2006). north and east. Exposure to the eastern seafloor is steep Reef fish data collection using Underwater Visual with a deep sea floor. Exposure to the southern, western Census (UVC) method (English et al., 1997). and northern seabed of Unggeh Island was overgrown with coral reef ecosystem (Harahap et al., 2019). 2.3 Matrix analysis of diving and snorkeling Sandy beach conditions and coral reefs make this tourism categories island an object of marine ecotourism (Coremap, 2008). The great natural resources potential, the lack of Tourism feasibility analysis is conducted to data availability and information about the determine the suitability of the area for tourism characteristics of Unggeh Island, so that the necessary research concerning the preparation of development. This is based on the territorial ability to management plans and development of marine tourism support activities that can be done in the area. The that is according to carrying capacity. Information and formula used for the suitability of marine ecotourism is data currently on Unggeh Island is the relationship as follows: (Yulianda, 2007). between coral reef ecosystem and coral fish communities (Harahap et al., 2019). Utilization of coral reef ecosystem on the island is currently only a place to find fish for local fishermen. The potential may Where: be more used to be a marine tourism object, especially TFI = Tourism Feasibility Index N for snorkeling and diving activities. Unggeh Island has = Parameter value (weight x Score) many various coastal ecosystem resources (coral reef, i N sea grass, mangrove, and reef fishes), and especially this maks = Maximum value of a category Figure 1. Location of research (Unggeh Island, North Sumatera, Indonesia) Based on the matrix of feasibility, subsequent preparation of feasibility classes for marine tourism activities. The feasibility parameters are arranged into conformity classes for each type of tourism activity Where: divided into four categories of feasibility, namely: very suitable (S1), suitable (S2), conditional (S3), and RCCWhere: : Regional carrying capacity unsuitable (N). Matrix of tourism suitability for diving K RCC: Ecological : Regional potential carrying of capacity visitors per unit area and snorkeling category (Table 1 and 2). Lp K : Large: Ecological of utilized potential area of visitors per unit area Lt Lp: a unit: Large area of for utilized a certain area category 2.4 Analysis of the Regional Carrying Capacity Wt Lt: Time : a providedby unit area for the a certainregion forcategory the tourism activity in a day The method to calculate the carrying capacity of Wt : Time providedby the region for the tourism activity Wp : Time in aspent day by visitors for each activity natural ecotourism development is by using the area of carrying capacity concept. Carrying capacity of the Wp : Time spent by visitors for each activity The ecological potential of visitors was determined area is the maximum number of visitors that physically by the condition of the resources and type of activities can be accommodated in the area that is provided at that will be developed. The large area that will be used certain times without causing destruction to nature and by visitors should be based on nature capability to humans. The estimation of carrying capacity for the tolerate visitors so the conservation of nature and the marine tourism area can be seen in the following safety of visitors is maintained. The ecological potential formula (Romadhon et al., 2014). 252 Harahap et al. / JIPK, 12 (2): 250-262 3. Results and Discussion coral was found in all research stations. The percentage of algae in the study area ranged from 0-3.4% consisting 3.1 Condition of coral reef of macroalgae and algae turf. Macroalgae is found at stations 2, 3 and 4 and algae turf at station 2. Highest The category of coral reefs condition was based on abiotic component with a percentage of 62.47% is at the Ministry of Environment Decree of Indonesia station 2 while the lowest at station 3 is 8.73%.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Effect of Consumption and the Labour Force Participation Rate (Lfpr) on Economic Growth in North Sumatera Province
    THE EFFECT OF CONSUMPTION AND THE LABOUR FORCE PARTICIPATION RATE (LFPR) ON ECONOMIC GROWTH IN NORTH SUMATERA PROVINCE Indra Maipita Faculty of Economics Universitas Negeri Medan Email: [email protected] Abstract North Sumatera Provincial Government in implementing regional autonomy and fiscal decentralization policies has tried to implement it based on the needs of each district/city so that a prosperous society is created. The prosperity achieved is not only reflected in high economic growth but is also supported by the fulfillment of realizable consumption needs and the abundant availability of reliable human resources. This study discusses the effect of two variables contained in fiscal decentralization, the level of public consumption and labor absorption on economic growth in North Sumatra. The method used by researchers is regression using panel data (pooled data) or called the panel data regression model. The estimation results show the regression coefficient of the CONS variable is -0.185883. This means that with each increase in CONS by 1 percent, economic growth will decrease by 0.18 percent and vice versa. The effect of the CONS variable on EG is negative and significant at the 95 percent confidence level and the estimation results show the regression coefficient of the Labour Force Participation Rate (LFPR) variable of 0.442641. This means that for each increase in LFPR by 1 percent, economic growth will increase by 0.44 percent and vice versa. The effect of the LFPR variable on PE is significant at the 95 percent confidence level. _________________________________ Key words: Consumption; labour force participation rate; economic growth INTRODUCTION n the current era of regional autonomy, good governance is something that cannot be negotiated and absolutely must be fulfilled.
    [Show full text]
  • Companies Investigated Over Forest Fires in Riau
    DOKUMENTASI ARTIKEL DAN BERITA LINGKUNGAN HIDUP SURAT KABAR : JAKARTA POST EDISI : 4 /MARET/2014 SUBYEK : KEBAKARAN HUTAN Companies investigated over forest fires in Riau The Riau Police are looking for companies or financiers believed to have hired farmers and residents to clear trees by fire. “We are searching for the financiers,” Riau Police chief Brig. Gen. Condro Kirono told the media at a coordinated meeting at the Riau Haze Disaster Mitigation command post at Roesmin Nurjadin Air Base in Pekanbaru on Monday. He said the police had also instructed residents, especially those living in areas prone to forest fires, not to clear land by burning. The measure, added Condro, was expected to raise awareness of the health hazards from haze as a result of forest and peatland fires. The Riau Police earlier named 40 suspects implicated in forest and peatland fires in various regencies and cities across the province. “They were caught and immediately named suspects over the past few weeks,” said Riau Forest Fire Task Force leader Sr. Comr. Estuning. Estuning added that the police were investigating 31 forest and peatland fires in a number of regencies and municipalities in Riau. On Saturday, Coordinating People’s Welfare Minister Agung Laksono said that local and Singaporean companies were responsible for the haze plaguing Sumatra. Singapore responded to Agung’s statement by demanding to know the names of the Singaporean companies or individuals and the evidence against them.Meanwhile in Jambi, 17 hotspots were detected on Monday, four of them in Batanghari regency, three in West Tanjungjabung, six in East Tanjungjabung and two each in Muarojambi and Tebo.
    [Show full text]
  • Jurnal Ilmiah Maksitek Issn. 2655-4399
    JURNAL ILMIAH MAKSITEK Vol. 5 No. 3 ISSN. 2655-4399 September 2020 THE REVITALIZATION OF BATAKNESE LANGUAGE IN TANJUNG BALAI : A STUDY CASE AT SEI TUALANG RASO TANJUNG BALAI, NORTH SUMATERA RANI FAIRUS SEKOLAH TINGGI EKONOMI AL-HIKMAH [email protected] Abstract-The study was conducted to find out the revitalization of Bataknese language in Tanjung Balai. The subject of the study was 123 households in three streets in Sei Tualang Raso subdistrict, Tanjungbalai city. This research design was qualitative descriptive design. The instrument for collecting the data was questionnaire. The data was analyzed by reading the result of questionnaires which have been filled by respondents. The result of analysis showed that: 1) Increase the proficiency speakers of Bataknese language. The skill of the language proficiency includes listening, speaking, reading and writing. (2) Grow positive attitude towards bataknese language. (3) Expand the use of bataknese language distribution. Spreading the use of bataknese language can be done by means of print, electronic, device cyberspace. Keywords: Bataknese, History of Bataknese, and Revitalization INTRODUCTION Language revitalization can be viewed as a form of language policy that seeks to halt and reverse this process of shift: different policy measures are adopted with the aim of ensuring that a vulnerable language community does not decline and disappear, but rather demonstrates 'a new-found vigour' (Paulston, 1993: 279). This, it is claimed, will occur when policy steps successfully address a range of
    [Show full text]
  • Analisis Klassen Typology Dan Williamson Index)
    POLA PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI DAN TINGKAT KETIMPANGAN PEMBANGUNAN EKONOMI ANTAR KABUPATEN/KOTA (Analisis Klassen Typology Dan Williamson Index) Pangeran Dosen Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi Graha Kirana Abstract This study aims to determine the pattern of economic growth between districts / cities and the level of economic development inter-regency / city in North Sumatra Province. This research uses Klassen Typology analysis and Williamson Index analysis. Typology Klassen Analysis Results show that in the period 2010-2012 and the period 2013- 2015, districts / cities that remain in quadrant I are South Tapanuli Regency, North Labuhanbatu Regency, Pematangsiantar City, Medan City, and Binjai City. Regencies / cities that remain in quadrant II are Toba Samosir Regency, Labuhanbatu Regency, Simalungun Regency, Karo Regency, and Batu Bara Regency. Regencies / cities that remain in quadrant III are Nias Regency, Mandailing Natal Regency, Pakpak Bharat Regency, Padang Lawas Regency, North Nias Regency, Gunungsitoli City. Regencies / cities that remain in quadrant IV are Central Tapanuli Regency, North Tapanuli Regency, Dairi Regency, South Nias Regency, Humbang Hasundutan Regency, and Padangsidimpuan City. Williamson Iindex analysis shows the average value of IW among regencies / cities in North Sumatra Province is relatively high at 0.4316. This means that the value of inequality in economic development between regencies / cities in North Sumatra Province is very high. Keywords: Economic Growth, Economic Development Inequality, Klassen Typology,
    [Show full text]
  • Optimization Mursala Waterfall in Improving Community Potency, Welfare Through Local Wisdom in Central Tapanuli Regency
    International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) ISSN: 2319-7064 Index Copernicus Value (2016): 79.57 | Impact Factor (2017): 7.296 Optimization Mursala Waterfall in Improving Community Potency, Welfare through Local Wisdom in Central Tapanuli Regency Siti Nurul Chaerunisha1, Purwo Sri Suracmatiningsih2, Dr. Syarifuddin Gassing M.Si3 1Post Graduate Student of Communication Faculty of Universitas Persada Indonesia Y.A.I, Indonesia 2Post Graduate Student of Communication Faculty of Universitas Persada Indonesia Y.A.I, Indonesia 3Lecturers of Communication Faculty of Universitas Persada Indonesia Y.A.I, Indonesia Abstract: The tourism sector in each country, if it is developed properly, will improve the economy of a country. In Indonesia there is a good number of tourism which can be developed by the local government. Unfortunately, however, not all tourism sectors get the local government’s decently sufficient attention. The thing is the same with Mursala waterfall in Tapanuli Tengah regency; it is still deprived of the local government’s attention. Mursala waterfall is a unique one because the water directly falls into the sea and it is located between Sibolga and Nias. Special attention is required by the Local Government in developing this tourism by involving local communities and local wisdom to create local community empowerment. In this study the author uses a qualitative approach with descriptive research type of data collection by way of observation, interview, and bibliography study. The result of the study clearly indicates that the tourism sector – if it is optimized involving various community-based tourism programs – may potentially empower the community through local wisdom and create community development around the Mursala waterfall.
    [Show full text]
  • Analysis of Factors Affecting the Human Development Index in North Sumatra Province
    IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM) e-ISSN: 2278-487X, p-ISSN: 2319-7668. Volume 19, Issue 10. Ver. VII. (October. 2017), PP 27-36 www.iosrjournals.org Analysis of Factors Affecting the Human Development Index in North Sumatra Province Asmita1*, Fitrawaty2, Dede Ruslan3 1 Master Program, State University of Medan. Indonesia 2Faculty of Economics, State University of Medan. Indonesia 3Faculty of Economics, State University of Medan. Indonesia * Related Authors: [email protected] Abstract: This research aims to analyze the influence of economic growth, percentage of poor population, government expenditure of education, health expenditure of government, and income distribution inequality affecting human development index (HDI) in North Sumatera Province. This research uses panel data analysis model through fixed effect model approach. Sources of data used in the form of secondary data obtained from the publication data of the Central Statistics Indonesia (BPS) and data Ministry of Finance with the period 2009-2013, with data between 33 districts/cities. The results of this study indicate that of the five variables suspected to affect HDI in the Province of North Sumatra, assuming ceteris paribus condition that: Economic growth has a significant positive effect on HDI due to the increase of economic growth of 0,000000293. The percentage of poor people does not affect to the HDI. Government expenditures in the field of education have no effect on HDI. Government expenditures in the field of health have a significant positive effect on HDI and income inequality has no effect. Key words : HDI, Economic Growth, IW, Education Fund, Health Fund and Percentage of the poor, Fixed Effects Model, North Sumatera Province ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------- Date of Submission: 04-10-2017 Date of acceptance: 28-10-2017 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------- I.
    [Show full text]
  • Dialect Geography of Batak Toba Language Variation
    Quest Journals Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Science Volume 4 ~ Issue 12 (2016) pp: 94-98 ISSN(Online) : 2321-9467 www.questjournals.org Research Paper Dialect Geography of Batak Toba Language Variation Tomson Sibarani1, Robert Sibarani2, Matius C.A. Sembiring3, Namsyah Hot Hasibuan4 1,2,3,4 Post Graduate Department Of Linguistics, Faculty Of Cultural Sciences, University Of Sumatera Utara, Indonesia Received 11 Dec, 2016; Accepted 30 Dec, 2016© The author(s) 2016. Published with open access at www.questjournals.org ABSTRACT: The main objectives of this research are to explore some dialectal variations of Batak Toba language which is administratively located in Tanah Batak. The empirical parts of this research were carried out in six regencies and the subjects were all native speakers who were chosen randomly as samples. Interviews were recorded on video-tape. In conclusion, this study argues that the BTL restrictions in the six regencies are very difficult to determine because of migration patterns and of speakers’ mobilization. All these bring impacts on the rare boundaries among BTL dialects or it can be said that there were very small quantity of variations available. Of six regencies of BTL variations, two big dialect variations are noted, for instance, Samosir and Central Tapanuli. Keywords: Batak Toba language, Variations, Dialects. I. INTRODUCTION Batak Toba language (BTL) is one of local languages in North Sumatra Province and it is used by its native speakers as a communication tool in daily life and in traditional
    [Show full text]
  • Floristic and Forest Structural Study in Batangtoru Watershed, North Sumatra (Studi Floristik Dan Struktur Hutan Di Daerah Aliran Sungai Batangtoru, Sumatera Utara)
    Jurnal Biologi Indonesia 13(1): 21-31 (2017) Floristic and Forest Structural Study in Batangtoru Watershed, North Sumatra (Studi Floristik dan Struktur Hutan di Daerah Aliran Sungai Batangtoru, Sumatera Utara) Edy Nasriadi Sambas1) & Mustaid Siregar2) 1) Research Center for Biology – LIPI, 2) Center for Plant Conservation, Botanic Gardens – LIPI Email: [email protected] Received: June 2015, Accepted: June 2016 ABSTRACT A Forest ecology research has been done in Batangtoru watershed, North Sumatra to determine the species composition and vegetation structure. The study was conducted by using plots in four locations: Purnama, Gerhana, Kejora, and Teluk Nauli. A total of 387 species in 184 genera and 77 families were found. The species richness of trees (dbh >10 cm) was 192 species in 116 genera and 55 families, the richness of saplings (dbh 2 - 10 cm) was 211 species in 111 genera and 55 families, while the richness of seedlings (dbh <2 cm) was 153 species in 95 genera and 50 families. Tree density ranged from 850–1,700 individuals/ ha, while basal area was around 66.76 to 104.54 m2/ha. The forest canopy at Purnama and Gerhana plots was relatively similar, forming three layers, while the Kejora and Teluk Nauli plots were simpler with only two canopy layers. Based on a principal components analysis of tree species, the forests in the research area tended to form three community types: 1) forest dominated by Pentaphylacaceae, 2) mixed dipterocarp forest, and 3) 'forest garden', or natural forest communities enriched with a variety of economically valuable forest tree species and therefore classified as an agroforestry system.
    [Show full text]
  • SSEK Translation July 28, 2021
    SSEK Translation July 28, 2021 MINISTER OF HOME AFFAIRS OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA INSTRUCTION OF THE MINISTER OF HOME AFFAIRS NUMBER 26 OF 2021 REGARDING THE IMPLEMENTATION OF LEVEL 3, LEVEL 2 AND LEVEL 1 RESTRICTIONS ON PUBLIC ACTIVITIES AND OPTIMIZING THE CORONA VIRUS DISEASE 2019 HANDLING POST AT THE VILLAGE AND SUB- DISTRICT LEVEL FOR HANDLING THE SPREAD OF THE CORONA VIRUS DISEASE 2019 MINISTER OF HOME AFFAIRS, Following the instruction of the President of the Republic of Indonesia for the implementation of the Restriction on Public Activities (Pemberlakuan Pembatasan Kegiatan Masyarakat or “PPKM”) in areas with Level 3 (three), Level 2 (two) and Level 1 (one) criteria of the pandemic situation based on the assessments of the Minister of Health and further optimize the Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Handling Command Post (Pos Komando or “Posko”) at the Village and Sub-District Level for handling the spread of the COVID-19, it is therefore instructed: To : 1. Governors; and 2. Regents/Mayors throughout Indonesia, To : FIRST : The Governor: 1. shall determine and regulate Level 3 (three), Level 2 (two) and Level 1 (one) PPKM criteria in their respective Regencies/Cities in accordance with the criteria of the pandemic situation level based on the assessment; 2. specifically for the Governor in which with its areas of Regencies/Cities are in Level 3 (three) based on the assessment by the Minister of Health, namely: a. Governor of Aceh, namely West Aceh Regency, Aceh Jaya Regency, Aceh Singkil Regency, Central Aceh Regency, Gayo Lues Regency, Banda Aceh City, Langsa City, Lhokseumawe SSEK Legal Consultants 1 Mayapada Tower I 14th Floor Tel: +62 21 5212038, 2953 2000 Jl.
    [Show full text]
  • Morphophylogeny of Raru Producing Trees from Central Tapanuli-North Sumatra
    Morphophylogeny of Raru Producing Trees from Central Tapanuli-North Sumatra Arida Susilowati1, Deni Elfiati1, Henti Hendalastuti Rachmat2, Yosie Syadza Kusuma1 and Andri Saut Pranata Sihombing1 1Faculty of Forestry, Universitas Sumatera Utara. Jl. Tri Dharma Ujung No. 1, Kampus USU, Medan 20155, North Sumatra, Indonesia. 2 Forest Research, Development and Innovation Agency Ministry of Environment and Forestry. Jl. GunungBatu No. 5. PO Box 165, Bogor 16001, West Java, Indonesia. Tel.: +62-251-8633234; 7520067. Fax. +62-251-8638111 [email protected] Keywords: Raru, Morphology, Identification, Phylogeny. Abstract: Raru is the name for bark that produced by several genus of Dipterocarpaceae such as Cotylelobium, Shorea and Vatica. The raru bark known as important source for traditional medicine of diabetic and mixture of bataknese alkoholic drink called "tuak" for increasing the fermentation rate. The lack of natural regeneration and destructive illegal harvesting for wood and bark, decreased the population every year. Due to this condition, since 1998 this species classified on endangered (EN) based on IUCN Redlist. Previous research showed only one species was found in North Sumatra, but from local community information, there were three local species can be found in Central Tapanuli, those were raru songal, raru dahanon and raru pulut. The objective of our research were (1). To determine the morphological character of local raru species from Central Tapanuli and (2). To determine phylogeny clustering based on morphological characters. Morphological data was collected from direct observation and measurement of on vegetative part of raru trees (stem, canopy, and leaf). Morphological characters were examined using descriptive analysis, phenotypic variability using standard deviation, and cluster analyses.
    [Show full text]
  • The Effect of Capital Expenditure and Gross Fixed Capital Formation on Income Disparity in West Coast Region of North Sumatera
    IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science PAPER • OPEN ACCESS The Effect of Capital Expenditure and Gross Fixed Capital Formation on Income Disparity in West Coast Region of North Sumatera To cite this article: B Purba et al 2019 IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci. 260 012022 View the article online for updates and enhancements. This content was downloaded from IP address 114.125.62.164 on 07/06/2019 at 15:42 AEFS 2018 IOP Publishing IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 260 (2019) 012022 doi:10.1088/1755-1315/260/1/012022 The Effect of Capital Expenditure and Gross Fixed Capital Formation on Income Disparity in West Coast Region of North Sumatera B Purba*, R Masbar, I Maipita and A Jamal Economics Doctoral Program, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia. E-mail: *[email protected] or [email protected] Abstract. This study purposes to determine the effect of capital expenditure and gross fixed capital formation on income disparity among districts/cities in West Coast Region in North Sumatera–Indonesia. Analysis of economic development disparity was calculated by Williamson's Index. The research method was carried out using panel data regression. The result of this research that used annual data for 2012-2016 are: (1) the average of disparity in economic development included in the extremely low category, (2) the capital expenditure variable and gross fixed capital formation variable have significant positive effects on income disparity of the West Coast Region of North Sumatera. 1. Introduction Disparity arises due to the absence of equity in economic development.
    [Show full text]
  • Creating Inter-Cultural Communication Competence in Central Tapanuli Regency
    International Journal of Research and Review www.ijrrjournal.com E-ISSN: 2349-9788; P-ISSN: 2454-2237 Research Paper Developing Tomb-Based Religious Tourism: Creating Inter-Cultural Communication Competence in Central Tapanuli Regency Irwan Syari Tanjung1,2, Suwardi Lubis1, Moh. Hatta1 1Doctoral Program in Communication and Islamic Broadcasting, Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia 2Faculty of Political and Social Sciences, Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia Corresponding Author: Irwan Syari Tanjung ABSTRACT The development of tomb-based religious tourism has not been maximally implemented by the regional government of Central Tapanuli Regency (CTR) although there are the diverse culture of visitors who travel to Mahligai and Papan Tinggi tombs and their visits have implications for them to be able to communicate with tourism conscious groups, with management, and with tomb guards. This paper is aimed at describing the development of tomb-based religious tourism, and at creating competency and model for inter-cultural communication in CTR. This paper is qualitative and descriptive, involving the 28 research subjects, such as individual visitor, tourism conscious groups, coastal culture observers, tomb management and guards. The research objects were focused on the verbal and non verbal symbols which were collected by interviews, observation, and document searches; moreover, the data analysis technique involved inductive approach with the data validity used triangulation. It is concluded that the two tombs received little attention from local governments and the management was less professional but the interaction among visitors, tourism conscious groups, management, and guards, who have different cultural identities, results in relational identity with similar meaning, and forms dynamic social relations; they also have adequate experience, knowledge, positive motivation, attitudes, values, abilities, and skills in communication.
    [Show full text]