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Tribological Properties of Diamond-Like Carbon and Boron Carbide Coatings Against Aluminum: Adhesion & Friction at Different Temperatures and Environments

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Tribological Properties of Diamond-Like Carbon and Boron Carbide Coatings Against Aluminum: Adhesion & Friction at Different Temperatures and Environments University of Windsor Scholarship at UWindsor Electronic Theses and Dissertations Theses, Dissertations, and Major Papers 1-1-2007 Tribological properties of diamond-like carbon and boron carbide coatings against aluminum: Adhesion & friction at different temperatures and environments. Ying Zhang University of Windsor Follow this and additional works at: https://scholar.uwindsor.ca/etd Recommended Citation Zhang, Ying, "Tribological properties of diamond-like carbon and boron carbide coatings against aluminum: Adhesion & friction at different temperatures and environments." (2007). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 7024. https://scholar.uwindsor.ca/etd/7024 This online database contains the full-text of PhD dissertations and Masters’ theses of University of Windsor students from 1954 forward. These documents are made available for personal study and research purposes only, in accordance with the Canadian Copyright Act and the Creative Commons license—CC BY-NC-ND (Attribution, Non-Commercial, No Derivative Works). Under this license, works must always be attributed to the copyright holder (original author), cannot be used for any commercial purposes, and may not be altered. Any other use would require the permission of the copyright holder. Students may inquire about withdrawing their dissertation and/or thesis from this database. For additional inquiries, please contact the repository administrator via email ([email protected]) or by telephone at 519-253-3000ext. 3208. Tribological Properties of Diamond-Like Carbon and Boron Carbide Coatings Against Aluminum: Adhesion & Friction at Different Temperatures and Environments By: YING ZHANG A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies through Engineering Materials In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for The Degree of Master of Applied Science at the University of Windsor Windsor, Ontario, Canada 2007 © Ying Zhang, 2007 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Library and Bibliotheque et Archives Canada Archives Canada Published Heritage Direction du Branch Patrimoine de I'edition 395 Wellington Street 395, rue Wellington Ottawa ON K1A 0N4 Ottawa ON K1A 0N4 Canada Canada Your file Votre reference ISBN: 978-0-494-35051-5 Our file Notre reference ISBN: 978-0-494-35051-5 NOTICE: AVIS: The author has granted a non­ L'auteur a accorde une licence non exclusive exclusive license allowing Library permettant a la Bibliotheque et Archives and Archives Canada to reproduce, Canada de reproduire, publier, archiver, publish, archive, preserve, conserve, sauvegarder, conserver, transmettre au public communicate to the public by par telecommunication ou par I'lnternet, preter, telecommunication or on the Internet,distribuer et vendre des theses partout dans loan, distribute and sell theses le monde, a des fins commerciales ou autres, worldwide, for commercial or non­ sur support microforme, papier, electronique commercial purposes, in microform, et/ou autres formats. paper, electronic and/or any other formats. The author retains copyright L'auteur conserve la propriete du droit d'auteur ownership and moral rights in et des droits moraux qui protege cette these. this thesis. Neither the thesis Ni la these ni des extraits substantiels de nor substantial extracts from it celle-ci ne doivent etre imprimes ou autrement may be printed or otherwise reproduits sans son autorisation. reproduced without the author's permission. In compliance with the Canadian Conformement a la loi canadienne Privacy Act some supporting sur la protection de la vie privee, forms may have been removed quelques formulaires secondaires from this thesis. ont ete enleves de cette these. While these forms may be included Bien que ces formulaires in the document page count, aient inclus dans la pagination, their removal does not represent il n'y aura aucun contenu manquant. any loss of content from the thesis. i * i Canada Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. ABSTRACT This thesis investigates the adhesion, friction and wear behaviour of diamond-like carbon (DLC) coatings and boron carbide (B4C) coatings. Both temperature and environmental stability of these coatings were investigated. Pin-on-disc tests against a 319 A1 alloy revealed that tungsten carbide (WC) doped hydrogenated DLC coatings displayed lower coefficient of friction (COF) and wear rates than monolithic nonhydrogenated DLC coatings. WC-DLC coatings with a top layer of DLC (DLC/WC-DLC) withstood higher temperatures than WC-DLC coatings. Aluminum adhesion with the WC-DLC and DLC/WC-DLC coatings was observed at 300 and 350 °C, respectively. B4C coatings exhibited higher COF and more aluminum adhesion under all test conditions. While testing under the N 2 atmosphere reduced COF values for all the coatings, the humidity level of the test environment exerted various influence on each coating. The mechanisms of adhesion, friction and wear of the tribosystems were discussed based on the A1 alloy-coating interactions under specific test conditions. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express my sincere gratitude to Dr. A. T. Alpas for his supervision and support throughout my study at the University of Windsor. Dr. E. Konca provided invaluable perspectives to wear tests and Dr. X. Meng-Burany is acknowledged for the FIB characterization of DLC coatings. I am grateful to all my colleagues in the Tribology of Lightweight Materials group for their opinions, support and friendship. In particular, I thank A. Abougharam for his help with many experiments at the GM Global Research & Development Center. Dr. Y.-T. Cheng, Dr. X. Perry, Dr. J. Dasch as well as Dr. M. Lukitsch of GM are appreciated for their precious discussion. Dr. M. Lukitsch is also acknowledged for his support for surface mechanical characterization. Mr. J. Barvinek of IonBond Inc. Cambridge ON is greatly appreciated for supplying the samples. Finally, the financial support from NSERC, General Motors of Canada is greatly appreciated. I also acknowledge the scholarship provided by the University of Windsor (International Graduate Student Scholarship). Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT................................................................................................................................. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS........................................................................................................iv LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS.................................................................................................... ix LIST OF TABLES........................................................................................................................x LIST OF FIGURES.....................................................................................................................xi CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION................................................................................................ 1 1.1. Driving Force for Dry Machining and Manufacturing .................................................1 1.2. Dry Machining of Aluminum and Associated Problems .............................................2 1.3 Substitution of Coatings for Metal Working Fluids to Reduce the Material Adhesion to Tool Surfaces .......................................................................................................3 1.4 The Need for Current Study ..............................................................................................5 1.5 Scope and Objectives .........................................................................................................6 1.5.1 Adhesion of A1 to the Coatings ................................................................................. 8 1.5.2 Tribological Behaviour of DLC Coatings and B 4C Coating against 319 A1 8 1.6 Thesis Outline .....................................................................................................................9 CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE SURVEY.................................................................................. 10 2.1 Review of the Literature on the Tribological Behaviour of the Boron Carbide Coatings ................................................................................................................ ....................11 2.1.1 Introduction to Boron Carbide and Boron Carbide (B 4C) Coatings .................. 11 2.1.2 Deposition of Boron Carbide Coatings .................................................................. 17 2.1.3 Self-Lubricity of Boron Carbide Coatings: Effect of Relative Humidity 22 2.1.3.1 Crystal Chemistry of Boric Acid .................................................................. 22 2.1.3.2 Self-lubrication of Boron Containing Surfaces .............................................24 2.1.4 Study on the Abrasiveness of Boron Carbide Coatings ...................................... 28 2.2 Review of the Literature on the Tribological Behaviour of the Diamond-like Carbon Coatings ......................................................................................................................37 2.2.1 Hybridisation States of Carbon .............................................................................37 2.2.2 Introduction to DLC Coatings ................................................................................38
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