HAINES TOWNSHIP Centre County, Pennsylvania
CO~WEHENSIVEPLAN
Prepared for: HAINES TOWNSHIP BOARD OF SUPERVISORS and HAINES TOWNSHIP PLANNING COMMISSION
Prepared by: RICHARD C. SUTTER & ASSOCIATES, INC. Comprehensive Plannersaand PlannersMistoric Preservation Planners The Manor House, PO Box 564 Hollidaysburg, Pennsylvania 16648
1997
December 3 1, 1997
Haines Township Board of Supervisors Star Route #46 Woodward, Pennsylvania 16882 Attention: Mr. Ray Decker, Chairman
RE: COMPREHENSIVE PLAN FOR HAINES TOWNSHIP, CENTRE COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA
Ladies and Gentlemen:
We are pleased to be in the position to transmit to you the COMPREHENSIVE PLAN for Haines Township, Centre County, Pennsylvania. The Comprehensive Plan is comprised of two (2) phases: PHASE I, BACKGROUND STUDIES and PHASE 11, COMPREHENSIVE PLAN.
The COMPREHENSIVE PLAN represents a cooperative effort by the Haines Township Planning Commission and the general citizenry of the township, with the technical assistance of Richard C. Sutter & Associates, Comprehensive PlannerdLand Planners/Historic Preservation Planners over the past several years.
It is our sincere hope that this COMPREHENSIVE PLAN will act as a guide for everyday planning and development decisions and for guiding the hture orderly growth and development of the nunicipality .
Speaking on behalf of my associates and me, we have thoroughly enjoyed this most interesting and challenging project. If throughout the course of the coming years our firm can be of additional assistance to you, kindly feel free to call upon us.
With best personal regards.
Very truly yours,
RICHARD C. SUTTER & ASSOCIATES, INC. storic Preservation Planners
/ President xc: Pennsylvania Department of Community and Economic Development (DCED) Haines Township Planning Commission
RICHARD C. SUlTER and ASSOCIATES Inc. Comprehensive Planners / Land Planners / Historic Preservation Planners The Manor House, P.O. Box 564 Hollidaysburg, Pennsylvania 16648 81 4-695-7577 Fax 81 4-695-8652 [email protected] TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page #
TITLEPAGE ...... i .. TRANSMITTAL LETTER . . , ...... , . . . . , . , ...... , ...... 11 ... TABLE OF CONTENTS ...... 111
LISTOFMAPS ...... iv
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ...... v
PHASE I: BACKGROUND STUDIES ...... , ...... , . . 1
1 A. LANDUSE ...... 1 B. COMMUNITYFACILITIES ...... 14 C. HISTORIC PRESERVATION ...... 2 1
D. ENVIRONMENTAL AND RECREATIONAL RESOURCES ...... , ...... 37
E. POPULATION AND DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS ...... , . 4 1 I F. HOUSING ...... 50 I G. TRANSPORTATION ...... 57'
H. ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT . . . , . . . , . , ...... , ...... , . . . . . , . 63 I. FISCAL ANALYSIS ...... 70
PHASE XI: COMPREHENSIVE PLAN...... 79
A. GOALS AND OBJECTIVES ...... , ...... , ...... SO B. THE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN ...... 85
C. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION PLAN ...... , ...... , ...... 90 D. ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT PLAN ...... 94
E. HISTORIC AND CULTURAL RESOURCES PRESERVATION PLAN . . . . . , . . . . . 97 F. HOUSINGPLAN ...... 102 G. TRANSPORTATION PLAN ...... 1 OS H. COMMUNITY FACILITIES AND SERVICES PLAN ...... 112 I. PLAN COMPONENT INTERRELATIONSHIP STATEMENT ...... 1 16 J. CONTIGUOUS h/lUNIClPALITIES RELATIONSHIP STATEMENT ...... 1 18 K. IMPLEMENTATION TOOLS AND STRATEGIES ...... 120 I J PHASE I: BACKGROUND STUDIES
I’ HAINES TOWNSHIP Centre County and Pennsylvania
MAP #1
RICHARD C. SUTTER and ASSOCIATES, Inc. Comprehensive PlannetdLand Planners - Historic Preservation Planners LUG IULUlC, SlU W L11 QllU UGVGlU~IllGIILUI LUG LUWll>lllp. (dGC 1VldP 1 .) A PUUIIC; dUVCl Ll~ClllClllIUI d planning consultant was issued, proposals were received and a planning consultant was selected. The firm selected was Richard C. Sutter & Associates, Inc., Comprehensive PlannersLand PlannersHistoric Preservation Planners of Hollidaysburg, Pennsylvania. Early in 1995 work began on Phase I: Collection and Analysis of Data, the first step in the comprehensive planning process. Subsequent steps will include Phase II Comprehensive Plan and Phase I11 Implementation Ordinances.
Purpose
The purpose of th~sreport is to assemble, compile, and analyze all data pertinent to the past, present, and future development of Haines Township. The scope of this report is comprehensive in nature in that it will encompasses all elements of the township. The elements of Phase I: Collection and Analysis of Data include: Land Use, Community Facilities, Historic Preservation, Population and Demographic Characteristics, Housing, Transportation, Economic Development, Fiscal. Analysis, and Base Mapping. The results of the analysis, research, and synthesis of information reiating to these subjects will form the basis of the Comprehensive Plan in Phase 11 of this project. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
We wish to extend our appreciation to the numerous public officials, members of community groups and organizations, and individuals for their kind assistance, cooperation and participation in the preparation of the Phase I Collection and Analysis of Data for the Haines Township Comprehensive Plan. Of particular assistance have been the members of the Haines Township Board of Supervisors and the Haines Township Planning Commission. Special thanks is extended to Haines Township Planning Commission Chairman, Gerald Smith, for his invaluable assistance throughout this planning process. The following individuals served on the Haines Township Board of Supervisors and the Haines Township Planning Commission throughout the first phase of this project.
"ES TOWNSHIP BOARD OF SUPERVISORS
Ray Decker, Chairman Delmar Homan, Secretary Russell Bailey David Edwards
Haines Township Planning Commission Gerald H. Smith, Chairman Mary T. Hosterman, Secretary Brian B. Burger Earl W. Weaver John F. Doren
Public Participation ? Perception Survey (1992) Monthly Meetings of P.C. 1996-97 Public Meeting Public Hearing
This Project was Funded by:
Pennsylvania Department of Community and Economic Development, Bureau of Planning Small Communities Planning Assistance Program Grant (SCPAP) and, in part, by the Township of Haines
Planning Consultants:
1 Richard C. Sutter and Associates, Inc. Comprehensive PlannersLand Planners/Historic Preservation Planners LIST OF GRAPHS
PAGE GRAPH 1 LAND USE SUMMARY 3 GRAPH 2 AGE STRUCTURE OF POPULATION 44 GRAPH 3 VALUE OF OWNER OCCUI%ED HOUSING, 1990 57 GRAPH 4 REVENUES EXPENDITURES PER CAPITA AND 73 GRAPH 5 OPERATING POSITION 75 GRAPH 6 RATE OF CHANGE IN PROPERTY VALE 77 GRAPH 7 FISCAL CAPACITY 78 LIST OF TABLES
PAGE
TABLE C-1 SITES IDENTIFIED IN THE CENTRE COUNTY HISTORIC SITES SURVEY, 1981 29
TABLE C-2 NATIONAL REGISTER RESOURCES IN "ES TOWNSHIP 32
TABLE E-1 AGE STRUCTURE OF THE POPULATION, 1990 45
TABLE E-2 LIVING SITUATIONS AND HOUSEHOLD STRUCTURE, 1990 47
TABLE E-3 BASIC POPULATION AND POPULATION CHANGE 48
TABLE E-4 SOCIO-ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE POPULATION 49
TABLE F-1 BASIC HOUSING STATISTICS, 1990 VACANCIES; AGE BY TENURE; 53 NUMBER OF ROOMS; PERSONS PER UNIT; PERSON PER ROOM; VALUE OF OWNER OCCUP. UNIT; UNITS IN STRUCTURE
TABLE F-2 DETAILED HOUSING CHARACTENSTIC, 1990 56
TABLE H-1 LABOR FORCE AND UNEMPLOYMENT, 1990 66
TABLE H-2 PLACE OF WORK, 1990 66
TABLE H-3 TRAVEL TIME TO WORK 66
TABLE H-4 ECONOMIC STRUCTURE, 1990 67
TABLE H-5 HOUSEHOLD INCOME DISTRIBUTION, 1990 68
TABLE H-6 PER CAPITA INCOME AND POVERTY, 1990 69 LIST OF MAPS
MAP# TITLE PAGE
MAP1 "ES TOWNSHIP, CENTRE COUNTY, AND PENNSYLVANIA ix
MAP2 EXISTING LAND USE 2
MAP3 TOPOGWHY/SLOPE 5
MAP4 FLOODPLAINS 8
MAP5 SOILS 9
MAP6 GEOLOGY 11
MAP7 DEVELOPMENTAL CONSTRAINTS 13
MAP8 COMMUNITY FACILITIES 17
MAP9 WATER SERVICE =AS 18
MAP 10 WOODWARD AND ARRONSBURG Dl 1874 26
MAP 11 "ES TOWNSHIP IN 1874 27
MAP 12 HISTORIC RESOURCES 34
l" 13 ENVIRONvEhTM, AND RECREATIONAL RESOURCES 39
MA.€" 14 SUPPORTING TRANSPORTATION FACILITIES 40-A
MAP 15 FUTURE TRANSPORTATION 61
MAP 16 FUTURE LAND USE 89
MAP 17 FUTURE TRANSPORTATION MAP 111 I1 I' MAP 18 FUTURE CO-TY FACILITIES AND SERVICES MAP 115
i f i I' TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page #
TITLE PAGE ...... 1 .. TRANSMITTAL LETTER ...... 11 ... TABLE OF CONTENTS ...... 111
LIST OF MAPS ...... iv
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ...... v
PHASE I: BACKGROUND STUDIES ...... 1
A . LANDUSE ...... 1 B . COMMUNITY FACILITIES ...... 14 C . HISTORIC PRESERVATION ...... 21 D . ENVIRONMENTAL AND RECREATIONAL RESOURCES ...... 37 E . POPULATION AND DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS ...... 41 F . HOUSING ...... 50 G . TRANSPORTATION ...... 57 H . ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ...... 63 I . FISCALANALYSIS ...... 70
PHASE II: COMPREHENSIVE PLAN ...... 79
A . GOALSANDOBJECTIVES ...... 80 B . THE COMPREHENSIVE PLAN ...... 85 C . ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION PLAN ...... 90 D . ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT PLAN ...... 94 E . HISTORIC AND CuLmRESOURCES PRESERVATION PLAIV ...... 97 F . HOUSINGPLAN ...... 102 1 G. TRANSPORTATION PLAN ...... 108 H . COMMUNITY FACILITIES AND SERVICES PLAN ...... 112 I . PLAN COMPONENT INTERRJ5LATIONSHP STATEMENT ...... 116 J . CONTIGUOUS MUNICIPALITIES RELATIONSHP STATEMENT ...... 118 K . IMPLEMENTATION TOOLS AND STRATEGIES ...... 120 A. LANDUSE
1 LAND USE
The study of land use is a classification of the “man-made” features of the community. A knowledge of existing land use patterns and their relationship to each other is a necessary foundation upon which the Land Use Plan and the Comprehensive Plan should be based. The major purpose of the land use study is to inventory, compile, and analyze the pattern, distribution, type, and intensity of existing land uses throughout the township.
Land Use Classifications
To complete the existing land use study, a field survey of each parcel of land within the township was conducted, utilizing tax maps from the Centre County Assessment Department. Each parcel was assiged a land use classification based upon a standard use classification system. A brief description of those classifications listed for Haines Township follow.
Single Family Residential - includes all land occupied by single-family detached housing.
Seasonal Residential - includes campgrounds for hunting purposes and other uses for which the land is not used during part of the year.
PubWSemi-Public - includes such uses as municipal buildings, churches, schools, cemeteries, and similar civic uses.
Commercial - includes all types of retail and service oriented businesses.
Wooded - includes passive land which is covered by deciduous and/or evergreen vegetation and other types of forest cover.
Agricultural - is comprised of land and structures upon the land that are involved in the cultivation of crops and/or sustaining livestock.
Vacant - includes any land that is not presently developed and is not included in any of the other use classifications.
The distribution of these land use categories throughout Haines Township are graphically illustrated on the Existing Land Use Map (Map 2).
For an indication of the number of acres and percent of total developed area, and the percent of total gross area of land use refer to the Land Use Summary graph (Graph 1). Of the total 36,992 acres in Haines Township only 10,845 acres, or 29.3% of the land area, are developed. Of the remaining 26,147 undeveloped acres, 16,640 acres are included in the Bald Eagle State Forest. While those lands cannot be utilized for development, there still exist 9507.2 acres which can be developed for the use of future generations. Planning for the future orderly growth and development of these 9507.2 acres will be a major focus of the Comprehensive Plan.
1 The analysis of land use reveals that most of the land within the township is wooded (27,147.2 acres), with most of the wooded land contained within the boundaries of Bald Eagle State Forest. Wooded land is found predominately around the periphery of the township. The only use which is found within the wooded land is seasonal recreational. The second highest acreage of land in the township is used for agricultural purposes (9,978.8 acres), while single-family is the third with 3 19.4 acres.
Land used for agricultural purposes is the largest category of developed land, malung up 92% of developed land within Haines Township. This land is found mainly along a wide corridor which follows SR 45 between the villages of Aaronsburg and Woodward. The other categories of land (Single Family, Public/Semi-Public, and Commercial) are all mostly scattered throughout this agricultural strip. However, the Single-Family, Public/Semi-Public and Commercial parcels are concentrated along roads, due to the need for accessibility that is inherent in these uses. The developed land categories seem to create a pocket of land in the western half of Haines Township, while Bald Eagle State Forest and other wooded land is found in the eastern part.
Topography
Haines Township is an example of the ridge and valley system which exists in Central Pennsylvania. The center of the township is located within Penns Valley, which runs in an east-west direction, and the northern and southern portions of Haines Township are bounded by Shiner Mountain and Paddy Mountain, respectively. Paddy Mountain rises to a height of 1800 feet in south Haines Township, while Shiner Mountain in the north has a highest point of 2152 feet above sea level.
During the spring, when snow on the mountains begins to melt, the runoff flows down the mountain sides and collects in streams and tributaries which terminate in Pine Creek. During the spring and any heavy rain events, the chance of flooding in Pine Creek increases, since it is the only main drainage out of Haines Township.
Slope
Slope is the vertical distance traveled by a length of land over the horizontal distance (the common formula for slope is rise/run) and is usually expressed in terms of percent. Slope ranges are an important consideration when analyzing physical features and determining the suitability of land for development. There are four different categories analyzed for slope ranges; the categories reflect the varying steepness of land and each range constitutes various development qualities and limitations. These ranges are: 0% to 8%, 8% to 15%, 15% to 25%, and 25% and over. Land in Haines Township is graphically classified in each of these categories on the Slope Map (Map 3), and summarized in the narrative below.
0% to 8% Slope: Land found in this range is generally economically suitable for large scale or intensive land development. Examples of such active uses would include industrial parks, commercial and retail complexes, major public facilities, and-high-density residential development. Land with slopes in the range of 0% to 8% are suitable for slab-on-grade building types, most large buildings, and major road development. Generally, slopes in this category provide minimum restrictions and are conducive to geometric layout schemes. Additionally, traffic circulation patterns are not dictated by topography within this slope classification.
4 Graph 1 - Land Use Summary.
Total Acres Acres Percent
Aaronsburg 277.9 0.8% Woodward 62.6 0.2% Commercial 52.6 0.1 % Public 34.2 0.1 % Seasonal Residential 119.3 0.3% Single Family 319.4 0.9% Agricultural 9,978.8 27.0% Wooded 9,507.2 25.7% Bald Eagle State Forest 16,640.0 45.0% 58 a. Iv\ I, Q-3 TOTAL 36,992
Total Acreage Haines Township, 1995
.&omburg (0.8%) rwoodwrnd (0.2%) .- commd(0.1%) public (0.1%) Ebod Residential (0.3%) \ \
Developed Land Acres Percent of Developed Land
-rg 277.9 2.6% Woodward 62.6 0.6% Commercial 52.6 0.5% PuMi 34.2 0.3% Seasonal Residential 119.3 1.1% Single Family 319.4 2.9% &riculiutural 9,978.8 92.0%
DEVELOPED TOTAL 10,844.8 100.0%
Developed Acreage Haines Township, 1995
hmuburg (2.6%)
Commadal(O.S%) The Slope iMap shows that a substantial amount of Haines Township falls into this slope category. A broad corridor of land running east to west through the center of Haines Township (Penns Valley) is made up of 0% to 8% slopes. This corridor is traversed by SR 45. Additionally, other large tracts ofland located in southern and northeastern sections of the township are characterized by this modest slope.
8% to 15% Slope: This slope range is somewhat more restrictive than the previous category. Intensive large scale development becomes less economically practical. Certain types of commercial and industrial development may be prone to major limitations and may require special engineering, design, and construction techniques. Appropriate forms of development on this land include single-family homes on large lots, townhouses, garden apartments, and terraced construction. Land contours are major plan factors and the normal grade may be too steep for traffic, especially in the steeper sloped areas of the category.
Narrow strips of 8% to 15% sloped land are located in the northern portions of Haines Township. However, the greatest portions of land in this category are found in the southern regions of the township within the Bald Eagle State Forest.
15% to 25% Slope: This slope range can'generally sustain less active forms of development, such as low-density residential, certain types of cluster housing, and townhouses. Land in this category often provides excellent vistas. Certain contour-induced limitations may be overcome, but at a cost. Traffic circulation would be severely limited by this topography.
This slope range is not prevalent in Haines Township; however, some southern portions of the townshp between Lick Hollow and Paddy Mountain do fall into this category. Other small- sized pockets of this slope are scattered throughout the township.
25% Slope and Over: Using land within this category for building purposes is not economically encouraged. This steeply sloping land is better used as recreational or conservation areas. Severe contours can result in serious erosion, drainage, and access problems if active development were to take place.
Very little of the land within Haines Township can be classified by this range. Some very small pockets are scattered through the southern portions of the township, as well as a few pockets on the north side of Winkelblech Mountain.
The various constraints and limitations noted for each slope range reflect inherent physical limitations. Obviously, other physical features and infrastructure would also impact the development potential of the land. From a slope perspective, a considerable portion of Haines Township is suitable for development. Some limitations can be found in the southern portions of the township where Slide, Paddy, and Sawmill Mountains create steep slopes which economically prohibit development.
Floodplains
Floodplains are areas surrounding rivers or creeks which are susceptible to flooding at various times. The 100-year floodplain is an area of land which on the average can be expected to be flooded once every 100 years (or have a one in one hundred chance of flooding in any given year). Naturally, this 1 6 is a concern for development and planning purposes. Floodplains include the linear. areas zbutting the surface waters and relatively large adjoining low-lying areas.
Floodplains in Haines Townslp are mostly found along Pine Creek as it winds through Penns Valley. Land surrounding the Quarry Road Tributary off of Pine Creek, in west Haines Township, is also within the floodplain. Just north of Woodward it is joined by a tributary, Voneida Run. Pine Creek has its origin in East Pine Creek hollow, flows west and then south to the vicinity of Woodward.
These flood-prone areas are located in the center of the previously described moderate sloped area which follows along Penns Valley. These floodplains constrict the amount of land on which development can take place. The floodplains in Haines Township are graphically depicted on Map 4.
Soils
The types of soils present within a given location have a direct relationship to agricultural pursuits, construction, and development. Soil type determines agricultural productivity, natural drainage characteristics, building foundation requirements, and sewage disposal requirements. The soils of Haines Township include hydric soils, Prime Agricultural Soils, and other soil associations. Each of these soil types is described below. The locations of these soils appear on Map #5.
Hydric Soils
Hydric soils are soils that are saturated with water. Identification of these soils is important because the location of hydric soils is one indication of the potential existence of wetland areas. Hydric soils are also typically good for agricultural pursuits, but not for development. In Haines Township, significant areas of hydric soils are found across the northern half of the township and in smaller areas in the southern half. XII the northern half the hydric soils are Concentrated along Pine Creek, at the base of Shriner Mountain, along Voneida Run in the central part of the township, and in the eastern part of the township along Stone Run, at the base of Buck Ridge of Shriner Mountain, and at the base of Sharpback Mountain. In the southern part of the township hydric soils are concentrated along Penn's Creek, Lick Hollow, Cherry Run, and Rupp Hollow. Hydric soils are identified on Map #5.
Prim Agricultural Soils
The Soil Conservation Service designates soil types through county surveys. Among other categories, soils are classified according to eight productivity ratings, with. 1 being the most productive and 8 being the least productive. Soils with a rating of 1 or 2 are classified as Prime Agricultural Soils. These soils are best suited for producing food, feed, forage, fiber, and oilseed crops, and are available for cropland, pasture land, range land, and forest land. The growing season, moisture supply, and a variety of soil characteristics including soil temperature, Ph, depth to water table, flooding characteristics, erosion characteristics, and rock content are all considered in this designation. In Haines Township, Prime Agricultural Soils are located primarily in the northwestern part of the township between the base of Shriner Mountain and Pine Creek. Prime Agricultural Soils are identified on Map #5.
: 7 Prime Farmland and Hydric Soils soil types that are prevalent in Haines Township are described below. The soils are classified according to method of formation. Soils that formed in residual material weathered from shale of the valley and ridge province include the following:
Berks- Weikert Association Dominantly appears in sloping to very steep, moderately deep and shallow, well drained soils underlain by acid shale bedrock.
Soils that formed in residual and colluvial material weathered dominantly from limestone in valleys include the following:
Opequon-HagerstownAssociation Dominantly gently sloping and sloping, shallow and deep, well drained soils underlain by limestone bedrock.
Murril Association Dominantly nearly level to sloping, deep, well drained soils underlain by ' limestone bedrock.
Edom-Millheim Association Dominantly gently sloping and sloping, deep, well drained soils underlain by non-acid shale bedrock. I Soils that formed in residual and colluvial material weathered from sandstone on ridges include the following:
Hazleton-Landig-AndoverAssociation Dominantly gently sloping to very steep, deep, well drained and poorly drained soils underlain by acid sandstone bedrock. I' Ungers Association Dominantly gently sloping to moderately steep, deep, well- drained soils underlain by acid sandstone bedrock.
Geological surveys and soil samples deal with the type of subsurface soil strata that affect a site's development, or what effects the development may have on regional subsurface soil conditions. Core borings, percolation tests and test pits are three of the common methods used for determining sub- surface soil conditions.
Geology
Geology is the study of the surface and subsurface characteristics of the earth. It involves the examination of the location, composition, and condition of the rocks and minerals found in the earth's surface. The characteristics of the earth's surface and that of the immediate subsurface have a profound bearing upon the suitability of manmade features. The distribution of the various I formations comprising the underlying geologic structure of Haines Township is presented on Map 6.
The valley areas of the township are characterized by the Benner through Loysburg formations, the Coburn through Loysburg formations, and the Reedsville fornation. The ridges bounding the township on the north, south, and east are comprised of the Tuscarora, Bald Eagle, and Juniata I formations. The Benner formation, located in the western part of the township, is a thick-bedded limestone, as is the
10 Coburn formation. The Reedsville and Tuscarora formations are composed of shale/siltstone/sandstone. Both the Bald Eagle and Juniata formations are more resistant sandstone.
The geologic structure of Haines Township provides a number of challenges for development. The areas of the township underlain by limestone require utmost care in placing new development so as not to pollute groundwater supplies within or under the limestone formations. Sinkholes present a particular hazard in this regard. Excavation for development in areas underlain by sandstone will be more difficult and more costly than in other areas of the township. Additionally, the shallow depth of bedrock displayed by these formations will make the digging of foundations difficult and costly.
Summary of Conclusions
A number of significant conclusions can be reached from the results of the foregoing-inventory and analysis.
Haines Township has a significant amount (9507.2 acres) of developable land which is currently wooded in nature. Access to this wooded land appears adequate for any wood product companies in the Township.
The presence of the seasonal residential land use suggests a possible spin-off industry for the township. This type of recreation could present business opportunities for residents.
The abundance of land used for -agricultural purposes suggests the possible problems of topsoil erosion and phosphate and nitrate from fertilizers leaching into the groundwater table.
The scattered distribution of both single family residential and commercial land uses suggests a high monetary cost of connecting these parcels to public sanitary sewer or any other linear system.
With most of the more concentrated land uses (residential, commercial) within the villages of Aaronsburg and Woodward, the rural lifestyle and open space abundant throughout the township makes Haines an attractive, quiet, and, most importantly, livable community.
Haines Township seems to have an abundance of developable land from a physiological perspective. Although sections of Penns Valley are within the floodplain, most of the valley is composed of flat to moderate slopes.
12 B. COMMUNITY FACILITIES
14 CONINIUNITl’ FACILITIES
Community facilities and public utilities are the basic services provided for the most part by local governments, both general and special purpose, to insure the safety and well being of the inhabitants of the township. Included are such facilities and utilities as: educational facilities, emergency service, parks and recreational facilities, public buildings, police and fire protection, public utilities, and miscellaneous community facilities. Roads and road maintenance, even those provided by the township, are dealt with under the transportation section.
The Haines Township Planning Commission began its comprehensive planning process by conducting a survey of township residents which, among other purposes, was designed to determine the satisfaction of residents with the kind and level of services and facilities provided. This section reports the findings of that survey with respect to community facilities and provides information about the specific community facilities and services in’thetownship. The community facilities are identified on Map 8.
Public Utilities
Municipal ivtiter is provided to both the village of Woodward and Aaronsburg. Aaronsburg and a small portion of the township immediately adjacent to the village is supplied by Aaronsburg Water Pipes Inc. Woodward is supplied by East Haines Township Water Co. The remainder of the township depends upon springs or on-lot wells for water supply. Water service is not a major concern to most residents of the township according to the survey. Only 21 of the 123 respondents found water service to be less than adequate and only two considered the problems significant enough to spend more money on improving or extending water service. Water service areas are identified on Map 9.
Sewerage. No municipal sewage collection and treatment system exists within Haines Township. The township relies upon on-lot sewage treatment and disposal systems (OLSD). Malfunctioning OLSDs could be a problem for a community if the affluent would leak into surrounding wells and contaminate them. This is of special concern in the villages as the density of building lots is substantially higher than would be permitted for OLSD today. Since there is no municipal sewer service provided by the township at this time, no specific question was asked on the survey. Very few respondents listed this as an “essential” service which should be provided by the township. However, in the comments section several persons did indicate a desire for sewerage.
Electricity is provided by Allegheny Power Co.
Nnturnl Gas is currently not provided, however, propane is available.
15 Telephone service is provided by Bell Atlantic. Haines Township is at a disadvantage in terms of local area calling capacity. To the south and east is a different area code. Calls to the west can be made toll free only to the Centre Hall exchange area, which is shy of the two major population centers - State College and Bellefonte.
The services provided by the foregoing utilities are determined to be generally adequate and not in need of substantial improvement.
16 Parks and Recreation
The largest community facility within Haines Township is the Bald Eagle State Forest, which occupies the southern and eastern portions of the township. Various recreational opportunities are created by the presence of the forest such as: mountain biking, snowmobile trails, picnicking, hiking, hunting, fly-fishing and other outdoor activities.
Several other important outdoor recreation venues are located in or adjacent to the township. These include Poe Valley State Park, just west of the township border, and Poe Paddy State Park on the Mifflin County border. Hairy Johns Picnic Area is located in the township on State Route 45 near the eastern border and Raymond B. Winter State Park is just outside the township in Union County on the same highway. McCall Dam State Park is north of the eastern point of the township on White Deer Creek in Miles Township.
With over forty percent of the township’s acreage in various types of public parks and forests, outdoor recreation is well provided for in Haines Township. Overall this category received a positive score with only 16 respondents indicating less than satisfaction. However, 28 respondents indicated that the township should devote more of its resources IO parks and recreation and no respondents indicated that there should be a reduction.
Solid Waste
Solid Waste is handled by private haulers and disposal is through the Centre County Solid Waste Authority. Most respondents to the survey were satisfied with this system; 56 indicated above adequate satisfaction compared to only four who felt that solid waste disposal was unsatisfactory. Recycling was also deemed satisfactory.
Schools arid Libraries
Edirctitiontii services to the township are provided by the Penns Valley School District. The district has 1,650 students enrolled of which 3 12 are from Haines Township. Approximately 84 other students from the townsliip attend Amish schools or are home-schooled. Survey respondents indicated only moderate satisfaction with the school district. Nine of the 123 respondents said they were very satisfied; 20 indicated that the school district was more than adequate; 72 said adequate; 13 indicated some degree of dissatisfaction; and nine found the school district to be very unsatisfactory. Overall this produced an average of just slightly above “adequate.” Twenty five respondents felt that more should be spent on schools while 16 indicated that less should be spent. Hence, there is quite a bit of variation in the responses.
Librmy services are available in Aaronsburg at a branch of the Centre County library system. This service garners the highest satisfaction rating of any community facility or service rated in the survey. Seventy-eight of the 123 respondents indicated that the library provided above adequate satisfaction; however, 3 1 respondents would spend yet more money on libraries and none would spend less.
19 Emergency Services
Policeprotection is provided by the State Police Barracks at Rockview which is more than 25 miles from most areas of the township. Perhaps for this reason survey respondents ranked police protection among the lowest of all services. Only 15 respondents thought that police services were more than adequate while 35 ranked them as unsatisfactory or very unsatisfactory. This was also the service which most survey respondents would spend more money on; 44 would support either an increase or a large increase in funding for police services while only two would spend less.
Fire protection is provided by the Millheim Fire Company and is considered to be quite good. Only four respondents felt fire service was unsatisfactory while 59 thought it was above adequate. No respondents would spend less money on fire protection and only 19 thought it would be necessary to spend more.
Ambiilrrnce service and emergency medical services are supplied by the East Penns Valley Medical Services in Millheim. This service was also highly rated; 54 gave it above adequate marks while seven thought it unsatisfactory. No one would spend less on ambulance services and 23 thought that more funds might be justified.
20 C. HTSTORIC PRESERVATION
21 1-1 IS‘IORIC PRESERVATTON
The historic character of Haines To\vnship derives from the historical events that transpired there. This chapter will briefly recount tlie history of Flaines Township and describe the resulting character. It will also list the township resources that illustrate this history and their potential historical . significance, both locally and on a larger scale.
The History of Hniiles Townshil)
I-Iaines Township comprises the soli theastern portion of the Penns Valley area. Over the last two hundred years, the township developed into one of Centre County’s primary agricultural regions, with an emphasis on the business related to agriculture.
The early occupants of the area today known as Haines Township included the Lenni Lenape and Susquehannocks. In 1720 hostilities broke out between the Lenni Lenape and the Six Nations; the latter emerged victorious. Shawnees led by Chief Logan wandered through the area into the eighteenth century. By 1766, most American Indians had left the area and white settlers began to explore the Penns and Nittany Valleys.
In 1759 Captain James Potter, a British amy officer, traversed the region via the West Branch of the Susquehanna River, Penns Creek, and Spring Creek. After viewing Penns Valley from Nittany Mountain, he returned to Philadelphia to legally claim the land. At about the same time, Reuben Haines, a Quaker from Philadelphia, purchased the property from a Colonel Hunter, who had previously acquired the land (under somewhat dubious circumstances) from an American Indian. In 1764 Potter and Haines divided the valley at Spring Mills, with Potter owning tlie western half and Haines assuming the eastern half. Within two years white squatters were entering the area as William and Samuel Maclay were surveying it. In 1769 Andrew Boggs joined the early landholders, having entered the Valley using Potter’s route. Boggs then built a cabin at Bald Eagle and Spring Creeks near Milesburg.
During this early settlement period in the mid-eighteenth century, the primary transportation routes through the region were narrow American Indian paths. In 1771 Pennsylvania began to remedy this situation by declaring Penns Creek a public highway. The next advancement in transportation emerged with the establishment of paved roads. Haines Path, which was initiated by Reuben Haines and ran from Sunbury to present-day Woodward, was one such thoroughfare. Settlers quickly used the new route, for it was one of the earliest roads to run this far north and west. By 1773 nearly 100 residents had poured into the region. Among the settlers that entered the valley in the mid-1770s were Adam Harper the elder, Adam Stover, and Jacob Stover, then Jacob Hubler, and Abraham Piatt. These early settlers found the area to be one of rugged mountain ranges and fertile limestone soil valleys. These resources helped determine the area’s dominant activities; agriculture and lumbering were the primary occupations of the early settlers.
Hostilities between settlers and American Indians erupted in the valley in the late 1770s when several Penns Valley residents were killed by raiding Senecas. The area eventually had three blockhouses erected as a line of defense -- Potter’s Fort (established by Captain James Potter), Middle Fort (also
22 called Watson’s Fort, located near the present-day Penns Valley High School), and Lower Fort (located near the Woodward Cave). The brutality of the Indian raids forced many settlers to flee the area. By 1786 the hostilities ended and most of the settlers returned, including approximately 75 German families. A number of improvements were undertaken in the region in that year, including the construction of the first permanent residence in the township by Frederick Henney, later known as the Spackman residence, and the construction of a new road, which was cut beside the Haines Path and extended westward into Huntingdon County. In October, 1786 Jacob Stover and Jacob Hubler bought 3,039 acres of land from Haines, with Hubler taking the north half of this property and Stover taking the south half.
Haines Township was incorporated in 1790, at which time it was a part of Northumberland County. The township was named for Reuben Haines. As originally incorporated, Haines Township included Miles Township, the east half of Gregg Township, Penn Township, and the borough of Wfillheim.
The first town established in the area was Aaronsburg The village was first laid out by Aaron Levy (1742-1815) on October 4, 1786, on the Alexander Grant tract in the northwestern part of the township. Levy, who had arrived in America in 1760, was a prominent merchant and landowner. He planned a total of 612 lots for the village and provided a wide main thoroughfare to.faci/ifate pubtic ctiscoirrsc oil goset.iiiiietilal matkrs, Levy intended the town to become the new state capital
Aaronsburg evolved into a hub of cottage industries during the first half of the nineteenth century. Soon, wood frame, brick and stone houses lined the streets. In 1789 the first school in the county was built two miles east of town on land donated by Jacob Stover. A small chapel and cemetery adjoined the school and the site is popularly known as Wolfs chapel. (The school and church no longer stand.) In the same year, Levy donated land for the town’s churches. In 1790 James Duncan opened and operated the first store in Aaronsburg, and in 1797 the county’s first post office was established in the village. Aaronsburg also boasted the county’s first newspaper, Dcrs Berichtei. mtz! Ameiger. (The Repor.ter), which later became the Mit/heiui uJoiiiwt/.
The area today known as tlie village of Woodward, located near the center of the township, was first settled in 1786, but grew more slowly than Aaronsburg due to its relative isolation. The earliest survey of the Woodward area was undertaken by Shirk and Witmer. John Motz, an educated German immigrant from Snyder County, purchased a part of this land in 1786 and built a mill. His mill greatly assisted local farmers who no longer had to endure the hardship of traveling tlie distance to Sunbury or Selingsgrove to grind their flour. The village that developed around the mill, which was First known as Hubler’s, then Motz’s Bank and Taylorville, emerged as an economic center in the eastern end of Haines Township. Like Aaronsburg to the west, notes were cashed and money was advanced on crops. In the second half of the nineteenth century, the town was renamed Woodward for Judge George Woodward who successfully lobbied for the re-establishment of a post office in the village.
On February 13, 1800 Centre County was officially created from parts of Northumberland, Mifflin, Lycoming, and Huntingdon counties. At the time of its formation, the county had nine townships and i a population of 4112 residents. (Subsequent population figures show declining numbers due to the
23 incorporation of other municipalities from both Haines Township and Centre County.) At the turn of the century, Haines Township had 225 residents and Aaronsburg and Woodward were its primary villages. Three tavern keepers (Felix Chrisman, Philip Callahan, and Philip Frank) were operating in Aaronsburg and John Motz operated a tavern in Woodward. Woodward also contained a store operated by Lyons Mussina. By 1802 the village of Aaronsburg had 32 male residents; in 18 10 there were 48, and the first toll road in Centre County was in the planning stages.
By 1814 John Motz established the Woodward Inn to serve travelers who used the stagecoach lines that passed through the area at that time. In 1824 the Motz gristmill was torn down and rebuilt. It burned in 1831, and was subsequently rebuilt again. In 1848 the village was officially laid out.
In 1850 the Aaronsburg Evangelical Church was organized and in 1854 the Aaronsburg Academy held its first session. In 1860 the population of Haines Township had risen to 1,510 residents. By 1870 there were 1,354 residents, and in 1880 residents numbered 1,422. By 1883 Aaronsburg was a thriving village. It was described at that time as a place with “wide streets, freshly painted white houses, tastefully ornamented with beautiful flowers; its churches, the first that is seen of Aaronsburg; its school-houses and academy, please the eye and impress the mind with admiration . . . with inspiring mountain scenery.“
By the late nineteenth century, two other villages had developed in Haines Township. The village of Fiedler, located between Aaronsburg and Woodward, was named for Henry Fiedler, a son of Jacob Fiedler. The elder Fiedler had entered Penns Valley in 1786. Around 1840 Henry moved into Haines Township and purchased four farms. Fiedler had a store, a post office, a blacksmith shop, a creamery, a shoe shop, and a number of mills.
Another settlement developed in the southwestern comer of Haines Township near Penn’s Creek. First known as Fowler, for a property owner in the area, the town was later called Ingleby, for an early settler and apiarist named Ingle. In the 1880s Frank Barker, a doctor, bought 500 acres of land in the area for lumbering. By that time, the Lewisburg, Centre, and Spruce Creek Railroad (later known by a number of other names) passed through Ingleby, carrying lumber to market. Barker erected a large house in Ingleby and in the early twentieth century, when lumbering was no longer profitable, he began selling lots for hunting and summer cottages. The small settlement gained popularity and was known locally as a “resort.” The railroad continued to run through the area, bringing passengers and products to town. With the improvements to roadways in the later twentieth century, the railroad declined in popularity, and the tracks between Coburn and Mifflinburg, including those through Ingleby, were removed in 1971.
In the early twentieth century attempts were made to introduce recreational resources and public improvements into Haines Township. In 1913 a game refuge was established on State Forest Lands and elk were introduced into the area. The elk eventually proved detrimental.to local crops and the project was discontinued. (The last elk was shot in 1921.) In 1926 Woodward Cave was first opened to the public. Streets were improved in Aaronsburg beginning in the 1930s; side streets were improved in the 1940s.
24 In the spring of 1949, the village of Aaronsburg achieved national distinction with what came to be known as the Aaronsburg Story. In that year an historical pageant was organized to commemorate Aaron Levy’s gift of a pewter communion set to the congregations of Aaronsburg. The program culminated in over 30,000 people assembling in Aaronsburg to discuss and promote racial and religious tolerance and to reaffirm the notion of neighborliness.
25 . - .-.. .- - - . - ..- . -...... 'I +
Woodward and Aaronsburg in 18'74 (from Pomeroy, 18 74) MAP #10 -1. - . ?. IJ RICHARD C.SUlTER and ASSOCIATES, Inc Comprehensive Plannerdland Planners Historic Preservation Planners In the late twentieth century development of I-Taines To\~nshipwas concentrated along Route 45, the main route through the area. Although population had decreased from the nineteenth century, the late twentieth century again saw an increase in population. In 1960 the township population stood at 1,007 residents. In 1970 it reached 1,147 residents; in 1980, 1,217 residents; and in 1990, 1,315 residents. Although it is not clear when the first Old Order Amish entered the township, today more than 50 families, primarily farmers, contribute significantly to the character of the township. At the end of the twentieth century, agriculture remains strong in the township, with retail trade and education comprising significant portions of the economy.
Historic Character and Resources of Haines Township
The history and development of Haines Township as an agricultural area has influenced the character of its architectural development. The general character of the township remains predominantly rural, due in large part to the surrounding mountains, the abundance of state-owned land in the township, and the rural nature of adjacent townships. The residential areas of the township are for the most part characterized by nineteenth and early twentieth century houses, with a limited number of religious structures and commercial buildings. A significant number of log stnictures still stand and the residential areas retain a significant degree of integrity. Aaronsburg presents the best architectural examples, but Woodwrcl is not without significance, and Fiedler and Tngleby have histories important to the stories of the development of agriculture and transportation in the township.
In addition to the more densely populated areas, the agricultural land of the township is extremely significant. Today, farmland dominates the township, as it did historically, and a number of historic farmsteads still stand and still operate. Although some of the buildings on these farms have not been maintained to a high degree, others retain a significant degree of integrity and present a great opportunity for preserving significant architectural resources, irreplaceable open landscapes, and an historic way of life. Together, the settlements and agricultural land of Haines Township continue to clearly illustrate this important historic resource.
PrevioifsHistoric Rewurce Aieiitifkdion h HfhwsTownship In the 1970s and 1980s, some significant steps were taken to identify the historic resources of Haines Township. Some initial steps were also taken to officially recognize a limited number of these resources. Presented below is a brief summary of the historic resources in Haines Township that have been previously identified by various organizations.
The Centre County Historic Sites Survey, begun in the late 1970s by Ilistoric Environment Consultants and presented to the Bureau for Historic Preservation of the Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission, completed a thorough identification of resources in the county, including those in Haines Township. A preliminary task completed in the project indicated that the majority of historic resources in Haines Township were expected to be found along Penn’s and Pine Creeks; in the communities of Aaronsburg, Fiedler, Woodward, and Ingleby; and along the line of the abandoned Lewisburg and Tyrone Railroad. At the completion of the project, the survey identified 139 historic sites in the township, including the village of Woodward. For each site, photographs were taken and a survey form was completed. The form included the following information: general location, age, building type and use, setting and condition of structure, description of alterations, style, and other descriptive information (number of bays, shape, additions, window and door types, roof types, materials, outbuildings, etc.)., A summary report prepared after the completion of the
28 survey identified 35 sites as being particularly “noteworthy.” These sites are listed in Table C-1 with their dates of construction, survey numbers, and general locations, as identified in the survey. The original survey infonnation is on file at the Centre County Historical Society.’ Mapping of individual sites was not included as part of the 1983 project; however, the sites have been mapped by the Bureau for Historic Preservation of the Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission, and arrangements can be made with the Bureau for viewing this mapping at the Bureau’s offices in Harrisburg. ’
TABLE C-1
~~ “NOTEWORTHY PROPERI‘IES” IDENTIFIED TN THE CENTRE COUNTY HISTORIC SITES SURVEY, 1981
Name Coristnict i o Suney Location Notes n Dale Number
J. Young School c. 1860 017-2346 Sodh side SR 2018 (LR ----- (frame) 14032)
~ Frame School c. 1900 I 027-23-64 North side T 520 I -----
~ Log School c. 1820 I 027-23-134 North side LR 14046 1 ----- St. Paul Cemetery c. 1850 I 027-23-57 North side SR 45 I ----- Woodward c. 1800 027-23 - 128 North side SR 45 ----- Cemetery
~ ~~ ~ Pine Creek Bridge c. 1890 027-23-32 SR 2013 (LR 14045) at ----- #1 Pine Creek
Pine Creek Bridge c. 1900 027-23-7 1 T 520 at Pine Creek ----- #2 I
Lime Kiln c. 1850 027-27-7 ~ North side SR 20 I8 (LR ----- 14032)
Saw Mill c. 1850 027-23-10 Unnamed road off of SR ---_- 2018 (LR 14032) I Limestone Quarry, C. 1900 027-23-70 East side T 520 ----- Kiln
1 J. H. Musser Fanil c. 1815 027-23-25 West side SR 2013 (LR ----- (Brick Residence) 14045)
P. Musser Farni c. 1840 027-23-28 East side SR 20 13 (LR --___ (Brick Residence) 14045)
The Centre County Historical Society is located at 1001 East College Avenue in State College, PA, 16801, 814-234-4779. * The Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission can be contacted at 717-787-2891.
29 “NOTEWORTHY PROPERTIES” IDENTIFED 1N THE CENTRE COUNTY HISTORIC SITES SURVEY, 1981
Name Constnictio Suwey Location Notes n Dale Number
H. Fiedler Fann c. 1820 027-23-55 Soulli side T 5 19 (Brick Residence)
Adam Weaver Fmi c. 1820-50 027-23-79 North side PA Rt 45 (Brick Residence) -~ J. Zeigler Farm c. 1815 027-23-95 Unnaiiied lane south of PA (Brick Residence) Rt 45 at Slover’s Cemetery
J. M. Neidigli Fann c. l8;lj 027-23- 132 West down lalie off LR (Brick Residence) 14046
A. Connan Fami c. 1820 027-23-33 West off T 509 (Log House) I - J. Young Farnl (Log c. 1815 037-2 3-47 No111i side SR 20 18 (LR House and Barn) 14032) at T 520
Thomas Stover c. 1800 027-23-87 Lane north of SR 45 Fann (Log House and Barn)
~~ J. Hdfley House c. 1820 027-23-5‘) North of Aaronsburg (Log House)
~ ~~ ~ J. Y. Stover Fami c. 1800 027-23-100 Lane west off LR 11046 (Log House)
A.G. Burnell Farm c. 1800 027-23 - 1 0 1 Localion not given. (Log House)
D. Vonada Fann c. 1800 027-23- I 19 Nort!: side T 5 15 (Log House)
J. Vonada Fann c. 1820 027-23- 129 North side T 5 15 (Log House and Blacksmith Shop)
Henry Stover Fami c. 1830 027-23- 13 1 East side LR 14016 ____- (Log House)
A. Winklepleck 027-23- 17 North side SR 2018 (LR FXlIl 14032) Fiedler Store 027-23-62 Soutli side SR 15
Woodward Cave c. 1890 027-2348 North of SR 2018 (LR 14032)
~ P. Meyers Mill c. 1830 027-23-5 North side SR 2018 (LR House, undergoing House 14032) renovations, !nay have contained a store, office, stage stop. (This house is also listed in Table C-2.)
30 “NOTEWORTHY PROPERTIES” IDENTIFIED IN THE CENTRE COUNTY HISTORIC SITES SURVEY, 1981
~ Naiiie Constnictio Sunley Location Notes n Date Number
~~ Meyer and Hoffer c. 1830 0 27 - 2 3 -6 Previously located on soutli Demolished since Flour Mill (Dinges side SR 2018 (LR 14032) conipletioii of survey. Mill)
Jacob Stover Fami c. 1790 027-23-66 South side T 520 Double pen log bani on property is from the first house on tlie site. The current house is tlie second on the site.
Lower Fort Fmi c. 1790 027-23-67 West down lane off T 520 Log house and bani, one of (Stover Fami) earliest farni complexes in Centre County and site of one of tluee frontier forts in Centre Comty, where confrontations occurred between settlers and American Indians. Warants archaeological investigation.
Lower Fort Site West down lane off T 520 Earlier investigation Marker established this as site of Lower Fort.
Jolm Stcrver Fanii c. 1790 027-23-69 West down lane off T 520 One of tluee farms, settled by Jacob. John, and Adam (son of Jolui) Stover. Includes two-story log house, one-story % dovetail log summer kitchenlspring house, small frame barn, other outbuildings.
Woodward Historic c. 1850- Woodward Significant for its District 1950 contribution to development of transportation and agricultural enterprises.
Source: Historic Environment Consultants, “Noteworthy Properties,” Cenire Counr?/Historic Sites Szmev Data Ann/,vsis/Final Report, Presented to the Centre County Commissioners, Febniary, 198 1.
Included in the “Noteworthy Properties” is the proposed Woodward Historic District. Although the village of Woodward probably presents the best, and only other, collection of structures with historic district potential in the township (besides Aaronsburg), supplementary information to the survey completed in 1979 indicated that establishing such a district should receive low priority due to the following reasons:
31 W There are few threats to the resources (beyond the typical general deterioration, misguided improvements, and unsympathetic new construction, and the possible widening of S.R. 45). W The most significant building in town (the Woodward Inn) is already listed on the National Register. (See below for additional information.) H Some structures significant to the development of the village (original church, original school, mill and mill race) have already been demolished. W The Aaronsburg Historic District lies in close proximity to Woodward.
In 1980, while the Centre County Historic Sites Survey was being completed, the Historic Registration Project of the Centre County Library identified significant historic buildings throughout the county. In Haines Township it identified Aaronsburg and the Woodward Inn as significant resources.
An important method of recognition for historic resaurces is listing on the National Register of Historic Places. Two resources in Haines Township have this distinction -- the Woodward Inn and the Aaronsburg Historic District. The Aaronsburg Historic District is significant because it is a well- preserved example of a rural Pennsylvania village that illustrates American settlement history, early town planning, and architectural history, and aids in the understanding of the origins of the historical and cultural landscape of today. The Woodward Inn is significant as an early example of a tavern that served stage coach travelers and for its relationship to transportation history, for its role in the development of Woodward and its relationship to the blot2 family, and for its architectural design and integrity. A third resource, the bleyers Mill House, has been determined eligible for listing on the National Register, but has not been officially listed. Table C-2 summarizes this information and the Historic Resources Map (Map 12) identifies the locations of the National Register-listed resources.
TABLE C-2
Resource Name Resource Location Status Aaronsburg Historic District Rt. 45, Aaronsburg National Register Listed; 9/2/80
~ Woodward Inn Rt. 45, Woodward National Register Listed; 12/18/78 Meyers Mill House S R. 2018 (at the intersection Determined Eligible for the of Old Mountain Road and National Register; 12/28/93 Pine Creek Road)
The previously completed resource identification projects reveal that a number of farmhouses.in the township, many of which date to the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, appear to retain a significant degree of character and integrity. These farmhouses, and their associated outbuildings, ‘1 farmland, and landscape features, are extremely important resources because they illustrate the rural 32 !J and agricultural roots of the township -- roots that shaped the development of the region and its communities, and roots that remain strong today. Some of the farmhouses and outbuildings have undergone unsympathetic alterations and suffer from lack of regular maintenance.
I'
33 I Unmistakably linked to these farmhouse resources is the agricultural land itself. This land has a clear relationship to the buildings erected upon it, and the land establishes the overall character of the region. Consequently, these lands should also be considered “noteworthy” and they deserve consideration in tenns of protection. The protection of the farmlands should be closely coordinated with the identification and recognition of the related historic resources.
Organizatiom Associated with ilie Awn ‘s Resowces A number of organizations exist in or near Naines Township that collect, display, or otherwise utilize the historic resources of the area, or information related to the historic resources of the area These organizations could be consulted for additional information on the resoiirces mentioned here They should also be considered as potential participants in future preservation activities in the township
I Aaronsburg Historical and Museum Association The Aaronsburg Historical and Museum Association can be contacted at 8 14-349-5328. The association was founded in 1968 and operates out of the basement of the Aaronsburg Area Public Library (see below). It features an extensive collection of Penn’s Valley artifacts and memorabilia. B
I Aaronsburg Area Public Library The Aaronsburg Area Public Library is located at 114 West Plum Street, PO Box 70, Aaronsburg, PA 16820, 814-349-5328, FAX 814-349-5288. The library operates in an historic church building and offers both general interest and historical reading materials.
rn Centre County Historical Society The Centre County Historical Society is located at 1001 East College Avenue, State College, Pennsylvania, 16801, 814-234-4779. This county historical society was founded in 1904 and possesses histories and resource inventories related to Haines Township and Centre County, including the Centre County Historic Sites Survey.
I Centre County Library and Historical Museum The Centre County Library and Historical Museum is located at 200 North Allegheny Street, Bellefonte, Pennsylvania, 16823, 8 14-355- 1516. The orsanization was established in 1939 and collects a variety of historical materials related to Centre County. Included in it’s collections is a copy of the National Register documentation for the Aaronsburg Historic District, as well as other historical information related to Haines Township.
I B&Bs, Inns, etc. Some township businesses have been established that capitalize on the historic resources and the interest in historic resources in the area. One bed and breakfast business currently operates in Aaronsburg -- The Brick House, built in 1810 at 100 East Aaron Square, Aaronsburg, Pennsylvania, 16820, 8 14-349-8795. The Woodward Inn, a National Register-listed building at 105 Mountain Avenue, Woodward, Pennsylvania, 8 14-349-8 1 18 provides lodging for guests in a country inn atmosphere, continuing a tradition begun on the site in the early 1800s. I
I 35 H Stover’s Log Cabin. Stover’s Log Cabin was originally constructed in 18 1 1 on a farm one and one-half miles west of Millheim. In 1987 the property was purchased by a local Amish farmer who sold the cabin to the Stovers. The Stovers dismantled, moved, and reassembled the cabin at its present location. The cabin has been furnished with period antiques and is open for tours by appointment.
The historical development of Haines Township, and the resources that remain as a result of this development, provide a strong base for future historic preservation activities. The range of possible activities will be addressed in the next phase of this study.
Findings
Haines Towmhip’s location in the Penn’s Va!ley Region of Centre County heavily influenced the type and character of its development, namely, that of an agricultural area with an emphasis on the business related to agriculture. The character of Haines Township remains predominantly niral in the twentieth century, and a number of historic resources still stand throughout the township, i I lustrating the historical development of the region. The village of Aaronsbiq was first laid out in 1786 and developed as a center for local farmers to conduct their commercial and business transactions. The Aaronsburg Historic District was listed on the National Register on September 2, 1980. A number of historic
resources in Aaronsburg are currently being utilized to draw tourists and tourist dollars into ’ the town. The area today known as the village of Woodward was first settled in 1786. In 1814 John kfotz established the Woodward Inn to serve travelers on the stage coach lines; the inn was listed on the National Register on December 18, 1978. The village of Woodward possesses a degree of historic character and integrity that may qualify it for some type of official recognition. The Meyers Mill House on S.R. 2018 (zt the intersection of Old Mountain Rmd and Pine Creek Road) was determined eligible for listing on the National Register on December 28, 1993. The villages of Fiedler and Ingleby (first called Fowler) developed in the township in the late nineteenth century. The Centre County Historic Sites Survey of 1981 identified 139 potentially significant historic resources in Haines Township. This survey, and the sites it identified, form a strong base for future historic preservation activities in the township.
J 36 D. ENVIRONMENTAL AND RECREATIONAL RESOURCES
37 ENVIRONMENTAL AND RECREATIONAL RESOURCES
Consisting primarily of forested and agricultural lands, Haines Township is a prime location for significant environmental and natural resources. These resources have played a significant role in the development of the region. They are among the most noticeable characteristics of the area today, and are valuable tools that can be used to stabilize and improve the quality of life in the region. These resources also draw numerous tourists into the township on a seasonal basis, adding tourist dollars to the local economy. This section of the Background Studies presents a brief overview of the environmental and natural resources of the township;based on previous surveys, available mapping, and field views.
The Centre County Natural Heritage Inventory
In 1991 the Western Pennsylvania Conservancy produced a report entitled The Ceiitre ComfyNafiiral Heritage Imentoiy. In that report the Conservancy identified several significant natural sites in Haines Township. These sites are listed below and are identified on the Environmental and Recreational Resources Map (Map 13).
Hosterman’s Pit (a 6,630 foot limestone solutional cave with special aquatic subterranean species) Stover’s Cave (a small cave supporting an animal rare to Centre County) Woodward Cave (a large, commercial cave, with two species of special concern, located two miles south of Woodward; guided walking tours of five rooms are offered, camping facilities are also provided) Stover’s Gap (a 90-acre northern hardwood forest community in the basin of a rocky gap of Shriner Mountain in the northwestern part of the township) Bear Run Natural Area (a state forest natural area) Haines Gap (a ravine in Bald Eagle State Forest) North Branch Buffalo Creek (in the northeastern part of the township) Hook Natural Area (in the northeastern part of the township) Pine Creek Meadow (an open wetland situated along Pine Creek, south of Hosterman Gap and northeast of the village of Woodward) Bald Eagle State Forest (a 5900 acre park extending beyond Haines Township; includes Hairy John’s Park and picnic area, situated four miles east of Woodward on Rt. 45, equipped with parking and restroom facilities, hiking trails)
Limestone Resources
Limestone is a prevalent resource within Haines Township. Recently, a state mining permit was issued to Con-Stone Inc. of Bellefonte to mine the limestone on an 87-acre site in the township. The proposed mining has caused a significant amount of local reaction, with protests based on possible diminishing of stream quality, destruction of archaeological resources, and overburdening of traffic routes.
38 I Hunting and Fishing Resources
2 ! The streams in Haines Township offer some of the best trout fishing in Pennsylvania. Penn’s Creek, in the southwestern part of the township, has its source in Penn’s Cave, a tourist attraction outside the township in Centre County. Together with Pine Creek in the central and northern part of the township, and with the numerous runs throughout the region, the waterways of the township offer extremely scenic views and high quality recreational opportunities to both residents and tourists. Although there are no designated game lands in Haines Township, hunting is permitted in accordance with current Pennsylvania Game Laws, unless otherwise posted, in all state forest and park lands, including the Bald Eagle State Forest.
Trails
Numerous trails in Haines Township provide great recreational opportunities for residents and visitors. Most of the trails in the township are located within the Bald Eagle State Forest, and are concentrated primarily in the southern and eastern portions of the township A significant portion of the Mid-State Trail passes through the township, and several old logging roads are nowwed for hiking trails in the eastern section of the forest One short trail, located in the southern phof the township, is dedicated to mountain bikes Other trails allow shared use by mountain bikes and hikers, or by snowmobiles and hikers The capacity for hiking trails to be used by cross-country skiers increases the value of Haines Township’s recreational resources, inviting tourists to enter the region in multiple seasons The trails located in Haines Township are identified on Map 14.
Agricultural Land and Rural Landscapes
In addition to these previously identified sites, the extensive agricultural lands of Haines Township are extremely significant resources. Much of the special character of the township is derived from its rural nature. The safeguarding of these lands will not only protect their productivity (for crops and livestock), but also the scenic quality and character, and the quality of life and economy of the region.
Farmers in the region are pressured to sell their land to developers who build on the land, or to Amish families who farm the land, but often subdivide it. While it may not be possible to maintain all existing rural areas in perpetuity for agriculture, open space, or natural resource protection, s0/77e of these areas should be maintained. Development in other areas can be encouraged in ways that will maintain the perception of openness between developed areas. The maintenance of the rural character and the interpretation of the historic significance of the agriculture of the area should be a priority for the township.
! Findings
I The natural and environmental resources of Haines Township are numerous and varied, including caves, forests, waterways, wetlands, meadows, and mountain areas, and contribute significantly to the appearance, quality, and character of the area. The agricultural lands that characterize the area are significant environmental resources, and present an important opportunity for the township in terms of preserving for the future the character of the region and the quality of life found there.
40 E. POPULATION AND DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS
1
41 POPULATION AND DEMOGRAPHIC CNARACTERISTICS
Although much of the focus of township comprehensive plans is on land use, it should be clear that the purpose of such planning efforts is to provide for the population who resides in the area. In order to effectively plan for these residents it is necessary to understand their characteristics and needs. This chapter deals with the population: change in total residents, age structure, race, gender, ethnicity, family and household composition, citizenship, education, and migration and mobility. Other population characteristics, such as labor force participation, commuting, incomes, and occupation, are dealt with in the chapter on the economy.
General Population Characteristics
The 1990 population of Haines Township was 1,3 15. This was an increase of 98 persons or 8.05 percent over the 1980 total. Between 1970 and 1980 the township grew by 6.1 percent.
The decennial rate of growth for the township was slightly below the 9.8 percent growth experienced by Centre County from 1980 to 1990 but above most of the surrounding boroughs and townships. Only Penn and Potter Townships grew significantly faster during the decade; much of this growth, like that of Haines, is probably attributable to the spread of population away from the State College metro center.
Haines Township is along a growth corridor stretching from State College through Harris, Potter, Gregg, and Penn Townships in Centre County and extending into Hartley Township in Union County. (The latter township grew by 6.5 percent from 1980 to 1990). The spine of this corridor is State Route 45. The density of population in Haines Township is below that of the closer townships, which suggests that continued rapid growth should be experienced for the next several decades.
Race, Gender, and Ethnicity
There are virtually no minority populations in Haines Township. The 1990 Census found only two persons of African-American descent, three persons of other races, and one Hispanic in the population. This is not unusual among rural townships in Pennsylvania, but continued growth is likely to encourage increased diversity.
There are, however, many Old Order Amish and Mennonites in the township. While the Census does not track such Religious/Culhiral groups separately from their overall ancestry group, estimates made in 1988 indicated that there were about 750 Amish in Centre County. Field observation suggests that about one-third of these are located in Haines Township. This is an attractive area to the Amish because of the good farm land, reasonable land prices, and relative isolation. Amish families tend to be large, and they tend to grow in place unless or until their agricultural livelihoods are threatened. It should be expected that Amish population growth will continue to occur in the township over the next twenty years.
The township has a remarkably even distribution between the sexes. In 1990, 49.7 percent were female and 50.3 percent were male.
J 42 Age Structure
Haines Township has an age structure which is typical of exurban growth communities There are many young persons and relatively few elderly persons in the township In 1990, 29 5 percent of the population was under the age of 18 and only 12 6 percent were over 65 In contrast, only 23.5 percent of all persons in the Commonwealth were under 1 S and 15 4 percent of the population of the state was over 65 (Centre County is not a good comparator because Penn State students skew the age structure of the county). The trllier growing townships which serve as bedroom communities to State College have age structures similar to Haines, but Haines has a large portion of the County’s Amish which contributes to a high proportion of children
The median age of residents in Haines Township was 32 4 in 1990, which was about average for the townships along the Route 45 Corridor, but almost two years younger than the Commonwealth. Haines has relatively fewer persons in their 20s and relatively more persons in their 30s than the state, This probably indicates that most of the inmigration of the last two decades has been generated by young families with children
Not only does Haines have relatively few people over the age of 65 compared to the State but it has even fewer in the “frail elderly” age group over 75. This implies that the demand for medical services and assisted housing is low now and likely to remain so for the foreseeable future.
Living Situations ;ind Housel~oldStructures
There were 435 total households in Haines Township in 1990. This was an increase of 48 or 12.1 percent over 1980. Families were SO percent of total households. By comparison, households increased by only 6.5 percent in the Commonwealth and families were only 70 percent of total households. Family households are comprised of at least two related persons; non-family households may be comprised of only one person or may include several unrelated individuals. A high percentage of Family households is usually an indicator of social stability.
Household size is among the largest in the area at 2.96 persons per household. Pennsylvania’s average household has only 3.57 persons. Unlike most of the state, household size in Haines Township did not decrease substantially between 1980 and 1990. This reflects the small percentage of elderly in the population and, probably, the increasing number of Amish families in the Township
Married couple families with related children under the age of 18 are 36 percent of all families; this is the same percentage as the state but in Haines Township these families tend to be much larger. Over 5.3 percent of all families have seven or more persons and 3.6 percent have six persons. In part, this is attributable to the large Amish and Mennonite community in the Township. Married couple Families without children are over 5 1 percent of all families.
Of the 166 persons over the age of 65 in Haines Township, 122 are in family living situations; 4 1 live alone; and, only three live with non-relatives. Not surprisingly, 33 of those over 65 living alone are females. This unbalance between the sexes is caused by the fact that females tend to live several years I
I longer than males in our society. None of the persons over 65 living in the township are institutionalized or living in other group quarters. 1 i 43 C-......
1
GRAPH 2
AGE STRUCTURE "ES TOWNSHIP 1990
85 AND OVER SO TO 8-4 75 TO 79 70 TO 74 65 TO 69 60 TO 64 5 55TOS9 0 SOT054 45 TO 49 40 TO 44 35 TO 39 30 TO 34 25 TO 29 20 TO 24 I5 TO 19 IO TO I4 S TO 9 LT 5 YRS' 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 PERCENT
P P I !TABLE E-1 ACE STRUCTURE OF THE POPULATION 1990 I
I I iMEDAGE ! 34.0 26.0. 32.41 36.3' 32.2 30.4 38.0 30.3 33.5 1 33.3 I I I I I PLACE I PENNSY CENTRE HAISES .CEN HAL. GREGG . MILES MlLLHElM PEW POTTER PENNS I i VANIA COb%TY TWP BORO. TWP TWP BORO TWP TWP VALLEY ______-______------76 OF TOTAL
LT 5 YRS 6.7 5.6 7.5 ~ 5.6 7.8 9.4 5.9 7.9 6.3 7.2 5TO9 6.6 5.2 9.1 I 5.7 6.8 7.8 5.0 9.8 6.7 7.3 10TO I4 i 6.4 4.6 7.8 I 6.3 ' 6.9 8.0 6.3 7.6 6.9 7.1 j 15 TO 19 6.9 9.7 7.5 1.6 I 1.5 8.4 7.6 7. I 7.6 7.6 i 20 TO 24 7.3 21.4 5.1 4.7 7.9 7.4 5.2 6.0 5.3 6.0 .25 TO 29 7.7 8.9 6.8 7.8 8.3 6.6 7.0 9.3 8.4 7.8 ,30TO 34 8.4 8.0. 8.9 I 8.6 7.6 8.4 7.7 8.7 9.7 8.5 '35 TO 39 7.8 6.6 8.3 I 8. I 7.9 6. I 6.8 7.9 9. I 7.8 40 TO 44 6.9 . 5.8 6.4 1 6.9 j 8.5 6.8 5.0 . 6.4 8.5 6.9 .45TO 49 5.5 4.5 4.3 I 6.8 6.7 5.3 5.8 5.8 6.2 5.8 ' 50 TO 54 4.7 i 3.8 4.9 6.6 4.4 5.0 7.1 4.8 5.7 5.6 5.8 i 5.0 5. I 4.3 6.1 5.3 55 TO 59 ' 4.6 ' 3.5 4.7 5.2
65 TO 69 5.0 3.0 4.6 I 4. I 3.3 3. I 6.5 4. I 3.4 4.2 I70 TO 74 4.0 2.3 3.3 I 4.7 2.8 3.6 3.7' 2.4 3.5 3.4 ;75 TO 79 3.0 1.7. 2.5 i 4.2 2.4 2.5 3.0 I .8 I .4 2.5 I .4
45 Of the 388 persons under the age of 18, 338 live in married couple families. This is 87 percent of all children which compares very favorably with the 73 percent figure for the state. Children in female headed family households are 4.4 percent of all children and children in male headed family households are 4.1 percent. None of the persons under 18 living in the township are institutionalized or living in other group quarters.
There were a total of 75 one person households in 1990; 41 of which were persons over 65. One person households were 86 percent of all non-family households; most of the reniainder were two person households.
Citizenship anti Place of Birth
Every person living in Haines Township in 1990 was reported in the Census as a native born American citizen. Further, of the 1,315 residents 1,242 were born in Pennsylvania; this was 94.4 percent of all residents and is very high even by Pennsylvania standards. In the state just over 80 percent of all residents were born in Pennsylvania which was the highest percentage among the fifty states.
Mobility and Migration
About 73 percent of all residents of the township over the age of five lived in the same house in 1990 that they lived in 1985; over 85 percent of Pennsylvanians lived in the same house. This relatively low percentage for the township is primarily a result of in-migration as is shown by the fact that 94 residents moved from another County or another state.
Educational Attainment
There were 827 persons in the township over the age of 25 in 1990. Of this group, 78.4 percent had high school diplomas. In Pennsylvania 74.4 percent have this degree of educational attainment. On
i I 46 1'1 .Ac'II
. .. hl.-tlll'l'.\I. Sl'.i'l'liS I'EIiSONS O\'Elt IS
KH 2.34 4 h 711
hh 237 4 25 I4
73) 332 32X S IK 12 'J 4 h 'sin I1 I2 (1 I1
3 5 ?I
I?) 111'1 5 > 12 > I 1
857 3 31
P 1.31 v i 17 I 11
SOURCE: CENSUS OF POPULATION & HOUSING. 1990
5n. I (1.1) 45.0 I .-I 11-17 I362 103x 67 I 1217 12.13 I77X xoo 1315 I2111 I KO5 x-I7 22.6 2005.0 40.1 005.0 IJX -,io 27 4 7 n.o5 -':I i I.52 5.S8
49.7 51.7 4x.7 50.5 0.5 4 022 X7') -12s 49.6 5 I :I 49.0 51.7 604 113-1 XX7 -I I4
29.5 22. I 20.5 21.7 3xx 2I>b -178 1 x4 32.3 17.5 31.8 1-3 393 .; 1') .ill5 I x.1 12.0 I (1 IO.1l 17,s I66 It)' I1) I I51 11.4 I3.R 11.4 I 7 .o 13IJ 1711 20.1 1-1 I
u.2 0.0 0.0 (1. I 2 I1 0 I 11.2 1).0 11.0 0.IJ 2 0 (1 (1
0. I 11.0 0.4 0.t) I 7 7 (1 0.0 (1. I 0.3 (1. I 0 I .3 I
4-15 -I64 054 3 -I 0 397 4-15 5x2 3 I .; 2.00 2.-11J 1.70 2.43 3.07 1.77 3JI5 ?..if' P m 358 304 57-1 1-53 329 30-1 -I 84 2 i3
SOURCE: CENSUS OF POPULATION & HOUSING, 1990 & 1980 Table E-4 SOCIO-ECONOMIC CH.4RACTERISTICS OF THE POPULATION
PIACE ...... CITIZENSHIP ?i'.\TIVE LT 18 172 699 Y,4T~.~RA121ZEDLT I8 1) 1) NOT I!.S. ClTlZEN LT 1 S I) (I WTIVE BORN OVER 1% ')2S 2258 ;\I,-\TL!R:\LIZED OVER I X 5 17 NOT US. CITIZEN OVER I X 0 40
PLACE OF BIRTH PENNSYLVANIA I114 -23J,---. OTHER NORTH E.-\ST ST.-\TE 6 IO1 $\I1D \VEST STCITE 10 17 SOL'THERN STATE 20 I90 WESTERN STXTE 21 s li I'CERTO RICO 0 I) 0L:TLYING PROVINCE 1) 0 BORN ABROAD OF US. PAREXT 0 8 FOREIGN BORN 3 57 hi0BI L I TY SAME HOUSE IN AS IN I 985 81 I I777 SA.1IE COUNTY 227 713 SAME ST.-\TE 65 25 5 OTHER NORTHE.-\ST STATE 6 32 .LI I D 1V EST STATE 0 19 SOLTI-I ERN STGATE 15 31 WESTERN ST.ATE 12 25 PUERTO RICO I) 0 OUTLYING PROVINCE 0 0 FOREIGN C0C;lu'TRY 1) 9
EDUCATION (PERSONS OVER 25) LESS THAN 9TH GR.\DE 741 lh7 j 0 I 15 9TH TO I1TH. YO DIPLOI\.!i? !253l!! 35 28 I HIGH SCHOOL GR.-!Dt.;ATE ;1)35OXo 446 Oh7 SOME COLLEGE I I) I7X')7 I17 184 .4SSOClATE DEGREE 4 I203 I 37 13-1 BACHELOR'S DEGREE X90660 93 21; GRADUATE DEGREE 5 220 YO Ih I X3 PERSONS OVER 25 787203 2 944 '067
SCHOOL ENROLLMENT PUBLIC PRE-PRIMARY I16196 17 98 PRIVATE PRE-PRliLlARY 94687 5 II PUBLIC ELEMENTARY 15j0547 I78 458 PRIVr\TE ELEbIENTARY 79x ix IO 7 PLIBLIC' COLLEGE 49-4504 59 95 PR1V.-\TE COLLEGE 175477 2 9 NOT ENROLLED 8578343 806 7302
SOURCE: CENSUS OF POPULATION 8 HOUSING, 1990
49 I?. HOUSING N 0tJS I N G
Housing is a major concern of all comprehensive planning efforts because it not only provides the basic shelter function for the residents of the community but it is also the major store of wealth. The amount, type, quality, age, and value of the housing stock are primary concerns.
Total Units and Change
In 1990 there were 573 housing units in Naines Township This was an increase of 26 from the 547 units which were present in 1980. Hence, housing units increased at a slower pace than population across the decade. However, occupied housing units increased at a far faster rate than total units; in 1990 there were 445 occupied housing units compared to 397 in 1980. This was an increase of about 12 percent.
Vacancies
Total vacant units at the time of the Census was 128 In 1980 total vacancies were 150 Seasonal vacancies were down slightly from 1 13 to IO8 Only two houses were vacant for sale and none were vacant for rent When the seasonal units are subtracted from total vacancies, only 20 units were actually vacant at the time of the Census ‘This equates to a vacancy rate of 3 5 percent, which IS extremely low in comparison to most of the state
Tenure and Age by Tenure
In 1990, 387 of the 445 occupied units were lived in by their owners. This was almost 87 percent of all occupied units. While very high by state standards, the owner occupancy rate is not particularly unusual for rural areas. There were 58 rental units in 1990 which was down slightly from the 60 rental units in the township in 19SO.
About 27 percent of the householders in owner occupied housing units are over the age of 65. This is slightly below the Commonwealth average of 30 percent and quite low for central Pennsylvania. Only 65 units, or eleven percent, of owner occupied units have householders under the age of 35. By contrast, over 48 percent of renter occupied units have householders under the age of 3 5 and only 14 percent of rented units have householders over the age of 65.
Housing Occupancy
As noted in the demographic section, households in I-laines Township tend to be very large. In 1990 there were 2.96 persons per occupied housing unit in the township. Only Penn and Miles Townships had comparable fig~iresamong the surrounding municipalities. The average for the Commonwealth is only 2.57 persons per housing unit.
Despite the large household size, there is no overcrowding in the township’s housing units. Over 68 percent of all units have lower than 0.5 persons per room; only six units have more than 1 .O person per room.
51 Type of Housing and Size of Units
Ofthe total 573 units in the township, 488, or 85 percent, are single family detached homes, The only other housing type found in significant numbers in the township is mobile homes. In 1990, there were 59 mobile home units in the township. When combined, these account for more than 95 percent of all units. Hence, there is a real lack of housing choice for residents of Haines Township,
Most units in the township tend to be quite large. Eighty-six percent of all units have at least five rooms and 27 percent have more than seven rooms. This explains the lack of crowding even though households tend to be large.
€Iousing Value and Rents
The median value of an owner occupied housing unit in 1990 was $51,000 in Haines Township. In Pennsylvania the median was $69,700. Centre County’s housing stock was valued even higher at $74,700. Even among the comparable surrounding townships, Haines was among the lowest; only R/liles and Penn Townships had tower median housing values.
The distribution of housing values shows that the majority of owner occupied housing units in Haines Township were between $35,000 and $75,000, There were almost no units valued at more than $1 00,000.
Median rent in Haines Township in 1990 was $244 per month. This was very low by state and Centre County standards. The County’s median rent in 1990 was $401 and the state’s was $322. These rents should be seen as especially low since most of the rental units are single family detached units and not apartments.
Age of Hoiising Stock
About one-third of all housing units were built before 1939 and 56 percent were built before 1960. This helps to explain why there are so many large units in the housing stock. The relative age may also contribute to the fairly low housing values. There were 24 new units built between 1980 and 1990. This was a significant decline in construction from the three previous decades.
Year Houseliolcler Occiipiecl Unit
Despite the fact that relatively little new housing was built in the township between 1980 and 1990, there were many real estate transfers and moves during the decade. In fact, 212 of the 445 occupied housing units had new householders during this period. This was over 47 percent. At the other extreme, 174 householders had been in their unit for more than 20 years when the Census was taken.
52 Table F-1
' ,OIYj 171 191 nu 021 I51 U5 1111 11683 115 4u 654 jn? U9 116 1120 J1l2 Iza I1 I22 IIY d IlY 2II 11331 )81 364 524 101 267 238 928 17132 Y llS 1311 . 1,11 $1 18 192
Yjj 0 1 7 1 I I 211 1 I 4 " " I 1 2V8 4 I, J 1 1 1 17 lUl IUI U? IW I iia IbS 0 0 0 U I, " I YII IJ 1 6 6 I in I6
178 6 I 15 8 1 I6 1114 59 45 Y >I 11 6 118 <$I14 91 71 I11 YI 13 1 29 11~11 39 n JY 15 11 46 ISJ 1305 61 31 %I m 8 I 141 1521 61 21 ,,3 I 1I 18 126 2116 42 11 m 19 ,I I9 5'
OIU? I 111 I1 II 1 I5 5516 23 1 2 46 I9 1 M 2127 I3 22 J 1.I II 3 13 v24 1 12 I1 1 li 1 16 b51 1 I2 8 II I1 Ib ns6 4 Y I Y I 1 Wl 1 I? 1 1 Y
I128 I 0 7 I I I 2737 I Y I3 1 ia I1 ,618 II I9 11 1 I 1u 15 71% 53 16 *I 11 12 11 2JI iuii 111 1111 125 81 I,; 81 UII f2lU 111 I29 111 IJU 1111 93 I11 54 I IUI 80 : I1 Ill1 2 Xl Is6 417 ?I 2 15 94 +I 15 114 4181 61 I u SI 411 13 IIb
111172 15 It6 I17 I u M I')8 14311l 111 161 231 I52 I18 11 411 5118 9) 39 Ill9 Ill, '4 U 21I On11 ai 11 111 11 Y 181 23611 'Y I 1 U I 1 I5 I WU I3 I1 I$ 2M 19 I Ill 6 1
2.51 1% 1 JU 2.76 2 'IU ?,I 2% 2 hJ
21636 Ja I71 102 I18 266 20 I m Ill49 1Y Ill5 119 I541 31 I01 119 1119 4 11 12 I d I4 4,U I 11 I1 I, U I 75 0 0 0 I u I
IVY 1 I 1 7 8 7 219 1 I d 6 1 4 2 113 1 I I1 1 J I 179 I4 2 8 111 v IO 1'17 10 9 Ib I Y I4 IO 628 I1 IO 1 I1 I2 I Xi1 ll IO 21 I8 I I1 IO SI1 21 IV 26 1 11 I1 1801 15 15 IY 10 15 11 41 1171 I3 8V 2 I5 >> 1 91 4191 II 93 19 1 I7 24 I12 IUtU 1 4 I1 4 I 60 11ai 1 II 8 6 4 I I9 761 I 2 1 " I1 I II 111 0 U I, I li(l u I I I1 1 U I1 IM I 0 I 0 ,I I1 I I21 0 I1 I U 0 2 I U n I I I ,, U I1 0 0 I I ,I I
>?)IXI l6Mu 5w&b 11l~YI 31CW 11w1 lUIXI WYYl 14ltX1 1lC.X 7lblYl 1"BXl 4lllU 55lUI 178111 iBIIX1 wmn 6PwO 89IIx) 711lYI 63jlYl 1171XI 645W ~>9!M
!Vi 10 1W I81 In I'll I57 2x1 1111 244 285 251 2111 228 1%1 219 52ll 1- 114 285 216 161 245 118 i ,,I1 0 I I I I 1 In5 I I I 0 ,, 8 1 2115 127 Y 111 118 1 I28 2im
i?? U 2 I, I 0 I 111 0 ,, 1 0 I I ?I6 0 I 1 I I , t 42 0 1 ll 3 II I m 2 I1 I I I, I Id 0 n 1 0 0 2 216 9 1 4 1 ,I 1 2*% 1 I I I1 Y 1711 I11 1 IO1 112 4 I25 186
25.113 (ea inn 191 111 261 133 922 2111 I IO 1 I8 $1 8 I? 1721 a 41 12 I4 1 1 12 1611 I 1) 9 1 I .I , /I 22n6 I I2 6 8 I I 2811 o I1 ,I I b I1 21.3 0 U 0 U u I, I, m1 0 I1 0 U I1 , I1 11112 59 12 I38 89 I1 85 MI 6% I 1 II I 1 I1
SOURCE CENBIA SF POPUMTION I d0US:NG :990 53 I I I ITABLE F-2 1 I I 1 I DETAILED HOUSING CHARACTERISTICS, 1990 I MII,I,IiEI Pol-l'l:K I'ISNNS PLACE ...... 'ENNSYL CENTRE HAINES CEN IiAl, GRI-,:GG M1I.F.S I'liNN VANlA COUNTY TWP BOK0 TWP 'I'WP UORO 'I. w I' 'I'W I' rlALl.1,Y ------___-----__---______------_--____---__------_-. _------__ .... -- .- 3854953, 37283... 49 1 I82 316 329 355 173 240 2086
~ ~ 863 905420 6193 _____-3 389 I I7 I14- 6 206 _- . I698__ 72800- 793 0 59 37 6 0 14 66 I x2 104967 I926 3 147 - - I03 I72 5 43 161 634 3670338 31285 24 25 3 17 10 0 76 155 1210054 14341 467 723 525 586 353 425 I206 4285 57748 569 6 29 45 18 3 II 48 I60 2226793 5369 3 0 0 0 0 2 (; 5 76697 626 5 18 8 4 3 5 34 77 664952 14646 82 69 59 87 69 42 305 717 1252685 I6 I07 302 368 208 21 4 228 I32 511 I964 132277. 3030 57 71 18 65 48 63 I15 507 I I6613 2722 32 I28 82 I32 IO 63 I5(. 597 1158 0 0 0 0 0 0 -- - ...... 14 -- - 0 ___-_____ .__. ._ .__...... c 171 12 I24 3 0 0 0 0 0 ( 3 7679 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 c 0
73954 .. 929 2 L 21 27 I938 463 I 31 152 276 266690 401 2 18 161 326 7786 I2 I0862 74 42; 982 6 I2604 . 7815 33 125 51 I 720956 5564 18 9: 357 47806 I . 2578 36 29 37 20 16 9 ( I47 I 735325 9804. 194 jib-.. 297 30 I 209- 25 I 358 I 9x0 ~ ..... -. - ..__ __...... -. .. 1 946 1939 1945 I934 I934 ... 1954 I967 ...1952 -. ... . 197: 1947
... ~ .~. .. __ .... .- ...... -. .. - ...... __ -- ___ ..... -_ -
__ .... - ~. , , - -. . - -- ..-. ... 637087- I I306 43.... 41 34 __ . . 37' 33 27 I34 349 I1IiI)K occ 85 '1'0 88 1104097 1 I884 IO2 161 94 1 I6 74 92 36t 1010 111 1I)K OCC 80 '1'084 594 590 4922 6'1 1 04 60 58 41 48 204 582 kIIII)K OCC 70 -lu 79 X7529 I 6639 914 I24 109 . 120 8(1 64 265 860 I II ll>R OCC 60 'f0 69 542733 3744 96 I04 62 79 40 36 55 472 1 II IDK OCC 60 OK t3l PPI inrrr. C\F. .. .- ...... -. . VALUE OF OWNER OCCUPIED HOUSING, 1990 HAINES TWP, CENTRE CO., PENNA. j 25 20 % 10 d8 w nl I. 5 -.-. _1-- \ "e-- I I. I I 1 1 k I 0 I I I I I I I +--+ Less than $ I5000 Value $35000 LO$39999 $75000 to $99999 $200000 to $249999 SOURCE: CENSUS OF POPULATION (L HOUSING, 1990 G. TRANSPORTATION 58 TRANSPORTATION Smooth, practical, safe movement of traftic within a community is essential for proper future growth and development. Easy access to and from a community's residential, commercial, and industrial sections is also important in relation to the maintenance of the basic elements of community infrastructure. Identification of major arterial routes is the first step in analyzing a community's traffic and circulation patterns. Classification and Network Designation The highway network can be described according to general roadway classifications. These classifications are identified below. Expresnotrys Expressways are used primarily to move large volumes of traffic at high rates of speed with little or no direct land access from the roadway. Mi+r Arteriiils Major arterial routes are used to move traffic, but also to allow for some direct land access. They also move traftic within a built up area and interconnect principal traffic "generators. I Collectors Collector roadways are used to serve internal traffic needs in a community, but also to collect traffic from local streets and provide this traffic with access to major arterial networks. 1 Lociil Roatlrvq~s Local roadways are used to essentially provide access to immediately adjoining land. It generally comprises the majority of the street mileage of a community but only a sinal1 part of the total vehicle miles traveled. The Pennsylvania Department of Transportation further classifies the highway network in the following categories based on a largely economic role. Priority Cotizrrrercial Nehvork (PCN) This category was first identified in 1982 to designate highways which carry high volumes of trucks and other vehicles that are vital to Pennsylvania's economy. Agri-Access Network (AAN) This category was first identified in 1954 to identify highways which serve rural agricultural communities and agri-business areas. Inrlitstricil-Cot~ittierci~ilAccess Network (I-Can) This classification started in 1986 to designate I highways serving the industrial and commercial areas of Pennsylvania's economy. niitil I-CAN ciml AAN This category was designed to indicate highways serving both industrial/commercial and agricultural/agri-business sectors. The transportation system serving I-Iaines Township is comprised of a network of highway roads and local streets. The major highway passing through the township is State Route 45 which traverses the township in an east/west direction. This highway serves the major development concentration of 59 Woodward, Aaronsburg, and h4illheini Borough. State Route 45 can be considered a major arterial for Haines Township, moving high volumes of people and goods. The intensively developed agricultural areas are served by a network of township roads. Those roads taking traffic to and from SR 45 can be considered collector roads, while roads such as T5 16, whose main purpose is to provide access to land, can be considered local roads. A list of the roads in Haines Township, with their classifications, cartway widths, and rights-of-way is provided below. The transportation network is graphically displayed in Map 15. PennDOT Twelve Year Pl;in The Pennsylvania Department of Transportation publishes a list of projects to be completed in a twelve year, time frame for every county in Pennsylvania. These projects are separated into three four-year periods by their perceived priority. Currently, the twelve year plan for Centre County contains only one project within Haines Township. That project is the replacement of the Pine Creek Eridge on SR 2013 This replacement is scheduled to take place in the third four-year period; consequently, not until the years 2003-2007 will PennDOT undertake this project. The Centre County Planning Commission has recommended a list of projects to be included on the PennDOT Twelve Year Plan. This list of recommendations was compiled around March 9, 1995. The following projects that affect Haines Township were included in the list. SR 0045 - Safety improvement affecting Gregg, Penn and Haines Townships in the form of widening and paving the shoulder of the road to allow easier access for Amish buggies. To be included in the first four year period of the PennDOT Twelve Year Plan T-5 16 Pine Creek Bridge - Bridge replacement under the Billion Dollar Bridge Program IT. The Centre County Planning Commission recommends that this project be included in the first four-year period of the PennDOT Twelve Year Plan. SR 2013 Pine Creek Bridge - Bridge replacement under the Billion Dollar Bridge Program 11. The Centre County Planning Commission recommends that this project be included in the third four-year period of the PennDOT Twelve Year Plan Trails An alternative method of transportation is the numerous trails that exist throughout Haines Township. Most of the trails are located within the Bald Eagle State Forest, and are concentrated primarily in the southern and eastern portions of the township. klany of the trails have been created over the years specifically for recreational purposes; however, some logging roads are also utilized by recreational users. Although trails such as these may be limited in terms of access and speed of travel, they do offer an alternative means of transportation through areas of significant natural resources. 1 ! 1 1 60 J H. ECONONUC DEVELOPMENT 63 ECONOR3IC DEVELOPMENT The economic character of a community is determined by several factors. In a rural township the most important of these factors include the occupational structure of its residents: where they are employed, their incomes, and the age structure of the labor force. Because employment within the township of residence is relatively limited, economic opportunities are usually dependent on nearby urban and metropolitan areas. Labor Force and Urieniploynieiit There were 974 persons over the age of 16 in the township in 1990. Of this total 629 were employed or unemployed but actively seeking employment. This gave the township a labor force participation rate of 64.5 percent which was more than four percentage points higher than the state average, Only 19 persons were shown as unemployed; this was a three percent unemployment rate. Because Haines Township is relatively low in population, there are few employment opportunities within the township. In 1990, 80.8 percent of all employed residents of the township worked elsewhere. The average for the county is 65.9 percent, and for the Commonwealth it is 69.9 percent, Most of the other suburban townships and boroughs surrounding State College had rates similar to Haines. Only 17 persons worked outside their county of residence. This shows that even though Haines is on the border of the county and is contiguous with both Union and Mifflin Counties, its economic orientation is towards Centre County. Employment by Industry and Occupation There was a wide diversity of employment by industry for residents of the township. More than 1 1.3 percent were employed in agriculture in 1990. This was more than six times the state average and about five times the County average. b1anufachiring employed about 17 percent of all workers which was slightly be!cw the state zvmge. Ediicatioii and ediicational services employed almost i 3 percent compared to about 8.3 percent in Pennsylvania. Overall, 58.7 percent of the employed population were in “blue collar” occupations. Statewide only about 43 percent of all workers are in occupations which fit this description. By far, the largest group of blue collar workers were skilled workers in the precision production and repair occupational categories. Self-employed workers, including farmers, made up a very large percentage of all workers, almost 15 percent. lncomes mid Poverty Incomes in Haines Township are fairly low. In 1989, the median household income was $25,832. This was below all but two of the surrounding townships and boroughs and was only 89 percent of the Pennsylvania median. Households in the region tend to be larger than those in the Commonwealth as a whole; therefore, per capita incomes are also lower than the state mean. In Haines Township the 1989 per capita income was $10,874; 77.3 percent of the Pennsylvania average. 64 Not surprisingly, poverty is also more of a concern for the township than for the state. 111 Pennsylvania about 10.8 percent of the population had incomes below the poverty level when the Census was taken. In Haines Township about 12.5 percent were below poverty. Only Miles and Penn Townships had a higher level of poverty among the surrounding communities. Of special concern is the fact that poverty fell disproportionally on the young. Over 31 percent of all persons in poverty in the township were below 1s years of aae. I I ITABLE I H-1 I I I I LABOR FORCE AND UNEMPLOYMENT, 1990 I I ! ' PLACE I PENNSYL CENTRE i HAINES TEN HALL; GREGG I MILES iMILLHEibii PEW POTTER i PEmS 1 VANIX COUNTY TWP I BORO i TWP I TWP i BORO 1 TWP TWP !VALLEY ...... ------I ------:-----______I______--I------,______. Males over 16 I 1 In Armed Forces 16659 230 i 01 01 3; Oi 0 oi 0 3 Employed 295283 1 3 I742 I 358 323 530 ~ 395 200 I 246 86 I 1913 Unemployed 198697 1921 / 10: 14; 36 181 7' 16 20: 121 1 Not in labor force 1248442 I9888 1 119; 1201 117; 102; 108, 94 291, 95 1 I [Females over 16 I I 0 1 In Armed Forces 1951 iji Oi 01 0. 01 0: 0 O! 0 ! Employed I 2481661 260671 252 !. 3141 3571 301 I 197, I79 I 7271 2327 Unemployed i 146098 1477 1 9: 7. 71 20! 101 13 45 I 111 Not in labor force 1 2346437 323221 226 i 1991 296: 254 I 151 I 150 444, 1720 I I I I I ! Worked in County of Res. 4006525 53400 613 543 i 840 624 I 355 i 3 90 15001 4865 Worked Out of County I1 10200 3327 17 51 I 45 65 I 34 1 29 74 I 315 Worked Out of State 23 I407 3 87 I 121 31 . 31 21 4 141 39 Total Workers I 5348132 57114 631 1 606 j 888 I 692 I 391 I 423 15881 5219 iWorked In MCD of Res. 1 I6099 I9 I9498 121j 148: 305 i 243 76 1 68 851 1046 Worked Out ofMCD I 3738213 37616 5101 458 I 583j 449 I 315i 353 1503, 4173 % Worked Out of County 20.8 5.8 2.7 I 8.4 1 5.1 I 9.4 I 8.7 6.9 4.7 ~ 6.0 % Worked Out of State 4.3 0.7 0.2 I 2.Qi 0.3 I 0.4 I 0.5 : 0.9 0.9! 0.7 % Worked Out of MCD 69.9 65.9 80.8 I 75.6 1 65.7 1 64.9 i 80.6 i 83.9 94.6 j 80.0 I i ! I I I I I I I I I I I I ITABLE H-3 I I TRAVEL TThlE TO WORK PLACE PENNSYL CENTRE HAINES CENH.4LL GREGG h4ILES MILLHEIM; PEW POmER PENNS VANIA COUNTY TWP BORO TWP TWP BORO TWP TWP 1 VALLEY ______------I------_------I------_------_-_------_I-_-_------_____I__ I I Less than 5 minutes 209293 2984 I 54 I 34 39 I 34 18, 18 38 235 5 to 9 minutes 663562 9244' 35 I 56 84 30 35 19 73 1 332 IO to 14 minutes 873894 12543 90 I 54, 80 43 40 47 99 453 15 to 19 minutes 874134 10297 65 121 78 I 75 54 42 159 594 20 to 24 minutes 762843 7748 36 153 60 i 39 23 21 587 919 25 to 29 minutes 30629 1 2922 24 75 112 21 33 21 161 447 30 to 34 minutes 620439 4449 63 112 209 98 59 78 264 883 35 to 39 minutes I 131044 830 47 91 45 17 24 I 38 28 208 40 to 44 minutes 158154 969 34 2 35 43 39 41 0 194 45 to 59 minutes 350019 2097 93 2 24 136 55 45 32 387 60 to 89 minutes 212848 876 11 2 14 20 0 9 31 [ 87 More than 90 minutes 41060 181 0, 0 8 5 0 3 31 I 47 Worked at Home 14455 I I974 5.1 I I1 100 131 11 41 85 i 433 f SOURCE: CENSUS OF POPULATION 8, HOUSING, 1990 66 1'1 ACE EMPI.OYMENr UY INIJlIS'THY A(iWIC. FORESTRY. FlSll 9781 I 1414 69 17 11') 1 50 Ill MINING 11 IYb 115 s 0 01 2 0 0 Cl INSTHllCTlnN 311161 2Y51 49 41 55 I 21 41 125 MA)4IIFACTLIWINO. NI)lIRAUI.ES 44514Y 1461 $4 IY 41 24 30 14 MANIIFALTIIWINO. I)IIKAUl.ES 641Yll mn #5 1111 'J 1 96 61 166 TWANSI'oRTA1ION 141149 14.11 IY 14 Ill I1 16 !u COMMIINICAIIONS. wriis 1 lJ'J92 MI1 4 I2 'J 8 5 '0 WIIOI.ESAI.E'rum IJ48YO 1111 II 11 10 I 'J 2 80 RETAIL. THAI1E YJI'JY7 101 11 65 7') fbU 5'1 51 171 FItlACE. INS. WUI. ESTATE 15151'J 1111 14 I 6 I4 'J 17 101 IlllSlNESS SEWVICES 1J61111 IlY5 I1 I4 lY 1 22 77 PEWSOtIAI. SEHVICES IIYUll 1618 11 I5 Ill I4 19 41 HECHEAlION 51911 b9II 9 I1 6 J 3 7 IIEAI.TII JJYIS) JJj1 Jb 46 Ill 15 11 as EIIlICATIf WAL SERVICES 448111 166OJ 79 1 .I'J Ill 5J 51 369 cl (i'riiEH I~HIIFESSIONAI.svs ISI'JMI lYJl 11 111 I '1 II I'J 57 4 I'1IIII.IC AIIMINIS I'KATION I I1606 Ill? 11 14 16 I 'J 16 56 k! AI. uwi.oYwu 54J45J2 1JYn') LID All fn'Jfi 1'17 41s ISR8 r TO M EM'Pl.lbYMEl~IIY IKCIIPATION MANAGENS AIOA17 591 1 SI hl 41 111 11 .Ill w I'H(II'ESSI1~tIAIS 756447 1 I'JIA 51 19 IY 45 45 165 b 1ECI INICIANS 1IJ105I IYI5 11 I$ I1 16 14 54 SAI.ES AO191I 5M I I6 4I 40 51 24 121 AIbhi IEIISTKATOHS 911141 Y4OU us l4h I IN1 A1 58 296 iiniisEi IOLII SERVICES I 1010 162 J u 9 I 1 0 I'HO'rELTIVE SEWVICES a~6'10 7 IJ J 1 2 2 7 (ITIIER SERVICES 6071114 7111 61 AI 15 IY 41 216 IARMEHS. F(1HFSTERS. FlSllERS 902)s I416 61 I? I14 7 47 113 I'HECISI~NPROI~IICIION 619076 1684 101 71 'J I 11 77 151 hlAClllNL~OI'EWTOYS 411155) 1714 61 4 I, 56 Jl .30 67 'l~KANSI1oKlAlIlJNWOKREKS Ill'J02 I9M 11 I6 I2 17 27 IO5 IAJIOREHS 2VJJ11 2tdU 11 41 $1 11 29 61 1 : EMI'I.1 IYMENT TOTAL 5414512 5lYll9 610 A11 A% 1'17 421 1588 Ehll'l.OYMENT IIY SECTOR FOR I'HOFTI' WAGE d SAURY 1916673 ll111~ JII I 414 IYP 21 1 362 906 wrFCIH mom 520911 9111 JI. 61 Jl 21 40 151 I.fCAI. (KlVERNMEm IIOM 1720 J7 JI 1% 111 in 65 SlATE MVERNMENT 166841 7811 54 18 61 .I1 18 242 FEIbERAI. LIOVERNhIFtfT . 1S)652 711 Y II II 5 3 8 SELF EMPLDYED 3112Y1 l5'JL 19 in I14 16 A7 201 IINI'IUI) FAMILY WORKER 2J77Y 111 6 I I7 0' 5 9 EMI'l.OYMENr TOTAI. J4IJII2 17110') 610 611 696 391 425 1588 SOURCE: CENSUS OF POPUAL ON 6 IIOLJSING, 1990 SCURCZ. CEYSUS CF XPUUZCN d HCUSINC. lUUl 68 PER CAPITA INCOME & POVERTY, 1990 PLACE PENNSYL CENTRE HAINES CEN tlAL GREGG MILES MII,LHEIM PENN POTTER VANIA COlJNTY TWP RORO TWP TWP BORO TWP TWP PER CAPIIA INCOME $14,068 $ I I ,854 $10,874 $ I 5,799 $10,808 $10, I20 $12,776 $10.825 $12,760 PER LT5 RELOW POV 13783 I 895 39 0 33 47 0 30 24 PER SYRS BELOW POV 26063 I72 0 0 9 2 0 6 30 PER 6TOI I RELOW POV 145372 69 I 7 0 8 26 0 18 ' II PER 12T017 BELOW POV I2296 1 578 IO 6 8 17 3 7 39 PER 18'1'024 BELOW POV I8027 I 12484 14 2 24 28 7 19 42 PER 257'034 BELOW POV 185812 '2 147 34 5 25 31 2 23 75 PER 35T044 BELOW POV I28066 1013 15 3 II 17 0 IO 26 PER 45T054 BELOW POV 82123 395 13 0 4 0 3 19 0 PER 55T059 BELOW POV 40496 23 I 3 0 0 4 2 4 20 PER 60T064 BELOW POV 51539 234 8 0 5 6 0 8 19 PER 65T074 BELOW POV 925 I6 455 8 0 4 18 7 5 18 PER GT75 BELOW POV 90579 453 13 7 23 8 6 II 21 PERS LTPOV I283629 19748 I64 23 154 204 30 I60 325 TOTAL PERSONS I1881643 I23786 1315 I203 181 1 1494 844 938 3014 % BELOW POVERTY 10.80 15.95 12.47 1.91 8.50 13.65 3.55 17.06 10.78 SOURCE: CENSUS OF POPIJI.ATIC)N R H~IISINGiqqn I. FISCAL ANALYSIS i i 70 1 J F 1S C A L ANA LYSIS An individual’s finances are subject to seemingly rapid changes. Things can be going well when an unexpected expense can occur, throwing off a previously balanced budget. At the local government level, an unexpected him of events can be just as damaging on a larger scale. The complexity of local governments make their finances even more viilne~-ableto variation and unwanted change. The number of different revenue sources and expenditures can make it difficult for any municipality to stay solvent, that is, for the municipality to make enough revenue from its own sources to support expenses on an ongoing basis. There are four different types of solvency associated with local governments: Cash Solvency - Can the municipality generate sufficient cash on a thirty to sixty day basis to pay its bills? w Budgetary Solvency - Can the municipality avoid a budget deficit by being able to generate enough revenue over a twelve month period to meet its current expenditures? I’ Long-nin Solvency - Can the municipality pay all of its current expenses and provide for future expenses incurred today but payable in the future? Such expenses include pensions, vacation and sick leave, employee contracts, and maintenance of capital infrastnicture. Service Level Solvency - Can the municipality maintain an adequate level of services over time to meet the needs of its citizens? In an effort to provide a system for warning local government officials of potential financial problems, several factors have been developed by the Intergovernmental Cooperation Project, formerly known as the Allegheny League of Wfunicipalities as being forecasts of financial condition. This financial monitoring system is based on historical financial data of the township. It is only useful when its recommendations are taken to heart and foilowed, not iefi on a shelf to collect dust. The data for Haines Township used in these factors was taken from Local Government Financial Statistics, an annual publication of the Pennsylvania Department of Community Affairs (DCA). Revenues and Expeiiditures Per CiIl>it;i These factors are designed to show how I-Iaines Township’s revenues and expenditures change from year to year while keeping the population in mind. By using per capita figures, a vastly high figure is brought down to a more manageable level. For example, it is hard to imagine $481,000 in expenditures, but when that same amount is reduced to $366 per person, it is more easy to comprehend. Revenues and expenditures per capita were found by dividing the population estimates into the revenues and expenditures for the given years. 1990 Census data were used for the population estimates (hence, the constant population figures, because the Census is taken every ten years). 71 Revenues and expenditures per capita have kept a fairly even pace throughout the study period. In 1990 expenditures were higher than revenues by $54 per person. In 1991 revenues outweighed I GRAPH 4 I i Revenues and Expenditures Per Capita ! I ! ! Haines Township i ! i $400 I I I $350 I I I i $300 i I i I $250 ! ! I I $200 1 i i $150 i I I $100 I I 1 $50 I I $0 i I 1990 1991 1992 I993 I r~ Revenues +Expenditures i Total Population Revenue per Revenue Capita 1990 $4 10,34 1 1315 $3 12 1991 $195,359 1315 $149 1992 $ 170,390 1315 $130 1993 $207,670 I3 15 $158 Total Population Expenditures Expenditures Per Capita 1990 $48 1,015 1315 $366 1991 $160,008 1315 $122 1992 S 164,626 1315 $125 I993 $239,1 14 1315 $182 73 Even though revenues seem to be keeping pace with expenditures, some trouble may arise in the future if revenues start to shrink. If this should occur, action should be taken to maximize available local resources through: Aggressive collection of delinquent taxes and fees Accelerating the due dates for property tax collections Examining existing service fee structures to determine whether fees support the entire cost of providing the service rn Development and implementation of a cash management and investment plan to earn maximum interest on the township’s idle cash H Selling off s~rpl~sproperty and equipment rn Setting fines and penalties at the maximum rate 1 Actively pursue development to get any vacant property back on the tax rolls As a further precautionary measure, Haines Township may want to establish a policy to annually investigate the composition of the revenue structure with the long term objective of creating a revenue base which is diverse. In order to get a grip on increasing expenditures per capita, the township should explore alternate ways of providing basic services (shared services, contracting for services, etc.). Incorporating performance measures into the budget so that the cost of providing services may be linked to the quality of service offered is another item to consider. A final suggestion is for Haines Township to have monthly Finance Committee meetings to evaluate the current financial situation of the township. Operating Position Operating position is another factor that examines revenues and expenditures as a fraction of one another, unlike revenues and expenditures per capita. Operating position is calculated by dividing total expenditures for the year by total revenues. This gives a picture of how well Haines Township balances it’s budget, reserves finances for future emergencies, and attains cash solvency. If operating position is greater than one, expenditures were more than revenues for that year, and the township operated at a deficit. If operating position is less than one, it indicates that the township’s revenues exceeded its expenditures, resulting in an “operating surplus.” The trend for operating position mirrors the trend for revenues and expenditures per capita. The township operated at a deficit during 1990 and 1993, and at a surplus for 1991 and 1992. During 1990, the first deficit year, operating position was 1.17. Operating position fell to 0.82 in 1991 as the township operated on a surplus. Once again more revenues were generated than spent in 1992 as operating position stayed below one for a figure of 0.97 for the year. However, in 1993 expenditures exceeded revenues as Haines Township operated at a deficit as operating position rose to 1.15. If current revenues are not equivalent to current expenses, some time should be taken to assess why this has happened. If the difference was due to an unforeseen emergency, perhaps the township should consider creating a reserve fund for emergency expenses in the future. Financial analysts advocate a fund balance of 10% of the general operating budget be maintained for either one time expenses or to fund capital improvements. 74 GRAPH 5 I Operating Position I I Haines Township 1.2 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0 I 1990 1991 1992 1993 I Total Total Operating Expenditures Revenue Position 1990 $48 1 ,O 15 $4 10,34 I 1.17 1991 S 160,008 $195,359 0.82 1992 $ 164,626 $170,390 0.97 1993 $239,114 $207,670 1.15 c 75 Also, how was the township balancing its budget if revenues were not matching expenditures, Some of the ways are to borrow from another fund, live off of a prior year’s surpluses, or use loans. One practice that should be explicitly avoided at all costs is borrowing for more than one year to fund operating expenses. All of these practices allow a niiinicipality to put off facing the inevitable: either cutting services or increasing taxes to pay ‘for current services. Property Value This factor measures the growth in property value over time and is designed to indicate growth from year to year. Since property taxes represent a major source of revenue for local governments in Pennsylvania, growth in property value is considered a key sign of economic health. The property value factor is calculated by taking the current year’s assessed property value, subtracting last year’s assessed property value, and dividing by last year’s assessed property value. For this factor, any positive number indicates growth in the assessed property value, Haines Township’s property value has been growing steadily throughout the study period. From 1990 to 1991 the assessed property value increased 3.1%. An even larger increase of 4.5% occurred between 1991 and 1992. From 1992 to 1993, assessed property value increased again by 1.9%. Although the increase from 1992 to 1993 was not as large an increase as in previous years, it was an increase nonetheless. In order to continue this favorable trend in increasing valuation, Haines Township should attempt to keep major parcels on the tax rolls; do not grant tax exemptions or acquire any properties. Also, the township should actively pursue development by ensuring the local developmental regulations are conducive to current development and to the accommodation of diverse types of development. One more action item is the availability/condition of infrastructure. If the condition of infrastructure is such that it is inhibiting the reuse of commercial and industrial properties, an infrastructure rehabilitation program may be needed. This will, hopefully, attract and maintain uses that will preserve all-important property values. Fiscal Capacity Because of the importance of property taxes in Pennsylvania, another factor to use assessed property value is fiscal capacity, a measure of the growth in assessed valuation per capita. This factor computes the relationship between population and the assessed property value in the township. This gives an idea of the contribution of property value to the ability of the community to meet its ob ligations. As property value within the township has increased, so has fiscal capacity. Fiscal capacity has increased for every year of the fiscal analysis. Fiscal capacity, the amount of assessed valuation per capita, went from 1.55 in 1990 to 1.7 in 1993. If this trend continues, it will be a good omen of fiscal health for Haines Township. However, even if assessed property value does increase steadily, the township should know whether a small group of taxpayers are generating a large amount of tax revenue for the township. If this holds true, the loss of one of the major taxpayers could create problems for Haines Township, almost overnight. 76 GRAPH 6 Rate of Change in Property Value I Haines Township i I 1991 1992 1993 I Current Year Last Year's Property Assessed Assessed Value Property Value Properry Value (in Thousands) (in Thousands) 1990 S2.032 1991 $7.095 sz.032 0.03 1 I992 S2.189 S2.095 0.015 I993 $223 1 S2. I89 0.0 I9 77 GRAPH 7 Fiscal Capacity Haines Township 1.7 1.68 1.66 I .64 1.62 1.6 1.58 I .56 I .54 Y I I I I I I I990 1991 I992 I993 Assessed Population Fiscal - Propmy Value Capacity (in Thousands) I990 S2.032 1215 1 .jj 1991 S1.095 1315 1.59 1991 s1.IS9 1215 I .66 I993 s1.23 I 1315 I .70 78 COMPREHENSIVE PLAN: PHASE I1 79 J A. GOALS AND OBJECTIVES 80 GOALS AND OBJECTIVES ! Overall Goal: To provide an attractive, secure, environmentally sound, and financially stable coiiiniunity for ;ill present and future residents. Land Use: Gocil: Obj: Adopt and utilize this Comprehensive Plan as a guide to decision making Obj: Rewrite and adopt a Subdivision and Land Development Ordinance which recognizes the importance of carefully conirolling the type and quality of development allowed in the Township. Obj: Protect agricultural land, especially prime and commercially viable land, from development by actively pursuing all farmland preservation programs of the Commonwealth. Obj : Provide appropriate space for commercial and industrial development in keeping with the needs and desires of the residents. Goal: To presetw the older villcige cetitet's mid tmitituiii their chnrcicter niid historic iiitegrity. Obj : Support the Historical Society in its efforts to preserve the quality of the villages. Obj : Pursue registration of the Village of Woodward as a National Historic District, Obj: Support the nomination of other significant historic resources to the National Register. Obj: Siipport the spirit of historic preservation with education and information programs, I Obj: Discourage uncontrolled linear or strip type growth patterns and promote cluster and i village style development. i Transport;I t*ion: 1I Obj: Work to develop long-term alternative transportation corridors to reduce the I Township's dependence on S. R. 45. Obj: Develop long-term solutions to efficient and equitable Township road concerns by I 81 I devising a prioritized schedule of maintenance and upgrades. Obj: Encourage Park-and-Ride, car-pooling, and ride sharing to minimize automobile commuting. Obj: Explore potential for alternative modes of transportation including bike paths, commuter rail, and public transportation. Community Facilities and Services: Obj : Acquire, develop, and maintain adequate park and recreation facilities for the present and future residents of the Township. Obj: Assure the efficient functioning of Township services and business by providing adequate space and staff. Obj : Maintain and expand the educational and cultural amenities in the Township by supporting the local library and museum. Obj: Assure that emergency medical services and fire protection remain at their current high level. Obj: Establish and maintain an appropriate level of police services. Obj : Promote the provision of adequate day care and elder care within the Township - Obj : L’rovide for the efficient provision of important community services such as snow and solid waste removal. Public Infrastrocture: Obj: Monitor the quality, capacity, cost, and accessibility of water service throughout the areas of the Township currently served by water companies. I Obj: Monitor the need for public sewer in the developed and developing areas of the i Township. Obj: Prepare and adopt a stormwater management plan. Obj: Work to assure a high level of seivice from electric, telephone, cable, and associated utilities. 82 H o 11 sing : Goal: To n.s.siire scijk mid soiiritl iioiisirrg which iwets the iieetls of rill iwideiits. Obj: Adopt and enforce a standard building code. Obj: Support and participate in the Ce,ntre County Housing Rehabilitation program Obj: Assure that new subdivisions and developments occur in a manner which is consistent with sound planning practice and that they minimize the cost to the Township for services and infrastructure. Economic Base: Obj: Promote the establishment of significant employment opportunities within the Township. Obj: Enhance, protect, and promote the historical and natural resources of the Township within the context of increasing recreational and cultural tourism. Obj: Promote the Township as a good place for local-serving businesses and low impact manufacturing and service sector employers. Obj: Assist local farmers in their efforts to diversify the agricultural base of the Township. Obj: Promote secondary processing of timber, minerals, and crops within locally acceptable limits concerning the environment and quality of life.. F i s ca I/Fi na n ci a I : Obj: Seek tax levels and taxing mechanisms which are adequate and equitable. Public Health and Environment: Goal: To preserve eri\)iroiinieritnlly seruitive IamLs, watersheds, aiid associated hribitnts. Obj: Manage and control all resource extraction industries to minimize the damage done 83 to the natural and built environments by these activities Obj: Work to assure a safe and potable supply of water to all present and future residents of the Township. I Obj: Preserve and protect open space and passive recreation areas from the harmful effects of ovenise and development. Obj: Adopt and enforce a solid waste ordinance which limits burning of leaves and trash. Other Goals: Gocrl: 7 b eiicoiircige edl residerits lo niniiitaiii their properties it] a way which tiinlies the Towmhip at1 attractive plcice iir which to live ai~dvisit. Goal: To assire ciccessihility lo yirh fic hirildiiigs, parks, aid coninmiit)) services by all members ($the coniniirtiir_)). Goal: To eiicoirtq-e coimrriii@ ycit Yiciplioii it) niiiiiicipcrl activi fiesmid decisioii-mnkirig, Goal: To et~coiriqelocnl cictioiis which wcogiize oiis t.t.gioiin1 responsibility without sncrijiciig oirr locril \nliie.s. ! B. FUTURE LAND USE PLAN I' .I 85 ! LAND USE PLAN The future oFiand use in Haines Township will determine the overall success of this planning effort and have a major impact on the quality of life of the residents of the Township. Land use is of vital concern because development pressure from an expanding State College metropolitan area is threatening the rural and agricultural character of the Township. The following Plan is based on the recent Survey of Households undertaken in 1995 by the Township Supervisors and on the Goals and Objectives of this Plan as derived by the Planning Comniission and Consultants, Objective: Protect agricultural land, particularly land designated as “prime agricultural land” from development. Objective: Support Farming as a viable Township activity. Objective: Protect tile Township’s wetlands resources Objective: Protect the Township’s water resources Objective: Protect forests, slopes, and other environmentally sensitive areas. Objective: Protect the character of the Township’s villages. Objective: Develop appropriate land use controls to enforce the above goals. There is recognition in the Township that growth in population will continue to occur due to the growth of both State College and Lewisburg and the Township’s location between the two. However, as seen from the above goals, there is also a determination to minimize the impact of that growth on the character of the area. The following recommendations are grouped according to the Goal or Goals to which they apply most directly; however, they should be seen as a combined set of activities which should all be implemented as a strategy to minimize the impacts of development and control the type and placement of development. Agriculture is recognized as both the major economic activity in the Township and the activity which gives the Township much of its character and culture. As such the preservation of agricultural land uses is a paramount concern. 1 Recommendation: Encourage continued and new participation in the Agricultural Security Areas j Program. Recommendation: Encourage the addition of Township farms to the Century Farms Program. i I Recommendation: Encourage participation in local, regional, state, and federal agriculturalAand preservation programs, including the purchase of Agricultural Conservation I Easement (PACE) Program. 1 86 Recommendation: Through land use controls, seek to continue using land currently used for agricultural purposes for agriculture, or protect it as open space by mandating residential clustering for future major residential developments. Recommendation: Encourage development technologies that do not inhibit productive agricultural practice. Recornmendation: Work with state, federal, and local agricultural and conservation agencies to provide technical assistance on farmland production. Recommendation: Promote the continued agricultural use of land in the Township in concert with local organizations. Recommendation: hdinimize the impacts of public projects (highways, public buildings, sewers, etc.) on agricultural land. The villages of Aaronsburg and Woodward are important contributors to the quality of life in the Township. While it is recognized that the villages and the areas immediately surrounding them are the best areas for fiiture residential expansion, it is also recognized that the historic resources of the area are concentrated in these villages and that they are vulnerable to unintended consequences of population growth. Recommendation: Protect the character of Aaronsburg and Woodward by adopting a zoning ordinance to prevent development which would change the character of these historic villages. Recommendation: Protect and increase the amount of open space through cluster development, conservation design, village style development, and other sensitive development m et ho d s . Haines Township is rich in natural resources and the visual and recreational amenities associated with its forests, mountain slopes, soils, wetlands, and waterways. Protection of these resources is a major goal of this Plan. Recommendation: Minimize the negative impact of land development on wetlands in the Township by strengthening and enforcing the Subdivision Ordinance. Recommendation: Promote educational programs on the importance of wetlands and generate a greater understanding of the unique character of wetlands through public awareness campaigns. Recommendation: Enforce controls which prohibit development in floodplains. Recornmendation: Conserve and enhance waterways throughout the Township. 87 Recommendation: Maintain the quality of all water resources in the Township through addition of water quality provisions to the Subdivision and Land Development Ordinances. Recommendation: Promote educational programs to assist property owners in making informed decisions about activities that impact Township water resources, Recommendation: Recognize the limiting factors of specific soil types throughout the Township including, but not limited to, karst topography and control development in these areas. Recommendation: Strengthen and enforce land use controls to prevent development in steep slope areas and control development in all forested areas of the Township. The following recommendations deal with the implementation of the all Plan activities. Recommendation: Develop partnerships with conservancies and local foundations for acquiring vacated or open land through both purchase and easement for use as open space or parkland. Recommendation: Keep maps updated and easily accessible in order to track the implementation of the Plan and for the use by developers and potential property buyers. Recommendation: Establish a wellhead protection ordinance to protect the quality and availability of ground water, particularly regarding agricultural runoff and on- lot septic systems in the Township. i C. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION PLAN 90 J ENVIRONR/IENTAL PROTECTION PLAN The abundant natural resources of Haines Township provide the township with its primary character, its recreational opportunities, and contribute significantly to its quality of life. Consequently, residents must make a conscious effort to protect the environment that makes their lifestyle, quality of life, and recreational pursuits possible. As economic and development pressures continue to grow, a clear plan for ensuring that significant environmental resources will exist for future generations to enjoy becomes increasingly important. Steps should be taken to protect these resources, to improve their quality, and to maximize their benefit to the region through environmentally sensitive development. This Environmental Protection Plan is intended to Suide the township in its efforts to enhance the use and treatment of local natural resources. CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR HAINES TOWNSHIP ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES: e Haines Township encompasses a wide variety and number of important natural sites and resources. e Vast amounts of agricultural and forested land exist in the township, and are the primary contributors to the scenic landscape that characterizes the area. e The existence of significant natural resources draws users to the township, which in turn brings the potential for exploitation of ‘the resources without proper protection. a Development pressures will continue to threaten the agrarian character and lifestyle of the township and the natural resources that make that character and lifestyle possible. GOAL: Protect the existing natiiral sites iIIld resources of Haines Township. Objectise: Recognize the tiiitrrral sites mid resoirrces of the tmvtisliip. Recommendation: Promote the recognition of valuable natural sites and resources through educational and promotional programs. Reco m mend a ti o n : Establish programs to promote a greater understanding of local environmental concerns, including but not limited to positive visual character and the importance of farmland and woodlands. Recommendation: Use the dramatic natural resources of the township, without compromising their quality or ability to be used in the future, to attract visitors to the region and to maintain the quality of life of township residents. Recommendation: Promote the educational opportunities of the township’s landscape and natural resources. Create school programs based on the significant resources J identified in the county’s Natural Heritage Inventory. 91 Reco m menda t ion : Create scenic overlooks and pull-offs in the township, with appropriate s i g nag e. Objective: Protect specific irirtrirtrl sites irntl wsoiirces iir the towirsliip. Reco m mend a ti o n : Maintain an updated list of threatened township natural resources. Reco m mend ati o n : Place limitations on development in sensitive areas of the township through appropriate ordinances. Recommendation : Work to maintain the hi~hquality of streams and other water resources in the township . Recommendation: Prevent encroachment on, and associated pollution of, waterways, watersheds, and wetlands by development. Recommendation: Avoid development in agricultural security areas and on prime farillland wherever possible. Reco m mend a ti o n : Encourage timber harvest in concert with forest stewardship. GOAL: Preserve the scenic quality of agriculturid and forested land in Haines Township. Reco m men d a ti o n : Pursue the establishment of a rural historic landscape in the township. Reco m mendat i o n : Coordinate landscape and natural resource identification and recognition with other cultural resource work in the township. Recommendation: Incorporate the protection of scenic resources and cultural resources into combined preservation plans. Recommendation: Minimize the negative impact of mining and quarrying activities on natural resources, the landscape, or viewsheds in the township Require the construction of vegetated earthen barriers and the use of other landscaping to minimize the visual impact of mining/quarrying activities and related storage areas on the landscape. Recommendation: Prevent the deforestation/clear cutting of the mountains in the township Rec o m mend a ti o n : Prevent billboards and roadside development from encroaching upon or obscuring viewsheds through land use tools and ordinances. GOAL: Make township environmental and recreational resources available to a wider a 11die n ce, w h i 1e m ai 11t ai ni n g q 11 a li t y a ti d integrity . Objective: Iiicrerise the oppnrtii nitie.s.fr)reti,lirotitrietitril recrecition in the towtiship. Recommendation: Promote the township as an all-season tourist destination. Recommendation: Package a variety of activities (hiking, sightseeing, fishing, etc.) for family pro mot ion. Recommendation: Recognize trail opportunities and establish trails and recreational improvements as a means for protecting open space and agricultural areas. Recommendation: Protect township environmental resources from overuse. Objective: Estriblish ttiethotls for iiiciititiiining the qiidity and integrity of (111 types of nntiird ' resoiirces in Hliiiies Township. Recommendation: Institute programs to increase the awareness of the users of recreational resources to promote the appropriate use of the resources with increased use. Recommendation: Establish educational programs to assist property owners in making informed decisions about activities that impact the township's natural resources. Reco m mend at i o n : Strengthen and enforce subdivision and zoning ordinances to encourage non- development of protected areas. Recommendation: Establish scenic corridors through the township. Rec o rn mend a ti o n : Work to maintain safety on trails traversed by multiple users Reco mm en d a t i o n : Develop controls specifically for, but not limited to, air quality, odor, noise, and light pollution. Recommendation: Maximize the potential of township resources through coordination and cooperation with other federal, state, and local resource protection agencies. 93 D. ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT PLAN I ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT PLAN The following Goal and its accompanying Objectives were derived by the Planning Commission and the Consultant from the resident Survey conducted in 1995 and from an analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of the Township based on the Background Studies of this Plan. Obj: Promote the establishment of significant employment opportunities within the Township. Obj: Enhance, protect, and promote the historical and natural resources of the Township within the context of increasing recreational and cultural tourism. Obj: Promote the Township as a good place fur local-serving businesses and low impact manufacturing and service sector employers. Obj: Assist local farmers in their efforts to diversify the agricultural base of the Township. Obj : Promote secondary processing of timber, minerals, and crops within locally acceptable limits concerning the environment and quality of life., The residents of Haines Township have indicated a desire to keep the Township rural and agricultural. There is apparently little sentiment for rapid expansion of the economic base. At present over SO percent of the employed residents of the Township are employed outside of its borders, most in the urbanized area of the State College h4SA. This will change somewhat as the Township grows in population. Even without a specific economic development thrust employment will increase as a greater percentage of local-serving retail and service activities are established in the Township to meet the needs of the expanding market. This type of growth in employment is probably an inevitable side effect of population growth. It is also probably a net “good” for the Township as it will reduce travel costs to other shopping areas for consumers. However, the increase in retail and service employment is likely to be fairly modest for the foreseeable future because the Township is located between two high growth areas (State College and Lewisburg) which will probably get the bulk of the large scale commercial activity. Local-serving activities aside, there is some question about what - if any - growth should occur in other sectors of the economy. The goals of the Township indicate that preservation of the natural environment, the agricultural base, the historic and cultural resources, and the rural lifestyle are primary concerns. Some types of economic development are compatible with those goals. In the interest of improving the tax base and reducing overall commuting costs and the associated energy use these should be considered. First, small scale, non-intrusive, manufacturing - especially that associated with the agricultural and wood resource base of the Township - would be appropriate, In particular, food processing, saw mills and value added lumber products would be natural complements to the extractive industries in the Township. Second, small but high-tech service industries able to capture the locational advantages of being within 45 minutes drive of two 95 universities should be considered. Third, home-based occupations which rely on electronic communication would be ideal if the telephone infrastructure could be improved and the local calling area enlarged, Fourth, increased and expanded, non-dairy based, agricultural activities should be encouraged. Finally, those tourism activities’which have a relatively low impact on the environment should be considered. The Township’s transportation system is not appropriate for any industrial or heavy commercial activities which generate substantial truck traffic. Now, and for the foreseeable future, the Township is dependent on SR 45 for carrying the majority of its through traffic. This two-lane road would need to be substantially upgraded to handle either large quantities of tnicks or a m6jor influx of commuters or shoppers. Recornmendation: Use the Future Land Use Plan, and possibly other land use controls, to establish areas for small scale industrial and cominercial development which will serve the residents of the Township, minimize the impact on sensitive environmental areas, and keep congestion to a minimum. Recommendation: Work with Centre County Planning and Centre and .Union County development agencies to encourage the appropriate types of development in the Township. Reco m men da ti o n : Work with local farmers and the Commonwealth’s Cooperative Extension Service to develop new markets for agricultural produce other than dairy in the area. Reco m mend a ti o n : Work with the County and local telephone service providers to improve the telecommunications infrastructure and expand the size of the local calling area to allow local residents to compete effectively for home based occupations which are often dependent on telephone service.. Recommendation: Work with the Ben Franklin Partnership and Penn State and Bucknell Universities to encourage small high tech or back-office operations to locate in the Township. Recommendation: Work with the local tourist businesses and facilities and the Tourist Promotion Agency of the County to increase the visitation of existing sites and create other opportunities for low impact tourism. 96 E. HISTORIC AND CULTURAL RESOURCES PRESERVATION 97 HISTORIC AND CULTURAL RESOURCES PRESERVATION PLAN Haines Township is characterized by its wealth of related historic, cultural, and natural resources, These combined resources make the township a unique and appealing place to live and to visit. However, opportunities exist for improving many of these resources. These opportunities are listed below, and a plan for maintaining and preserving significant township resources, which is the first step in ensuring that the township’s character remains a strong resource for future generations, is also outlined below. The plan is presented in a series of goals, objectives, and specific tasks, and should be pursued in conjunction with the environmental resources plan presented elsewhere in this report. OPPORTUNITIES FOR IMPROVING HAINES TOWNSHIP RESOURCES: a In many cases, structures on farmland stand in need of repair and maintenance, a condition that detracts from the appearance of the farm and the township, and that jeopardizes the life of the structures. a The significance of the rural land that comprises the township often goes unrecognized. a Development pressures will continue to threaten the rural character and lifestyle of Haines Township. a Tourists do visit areas of the township, but additional site and program development could increase the benefits of tourism township-wide. GOAL: Preserve the significant historic, c11ltliri~1,and related natural resources of Haines Township as significant conimunity resources. Objective: Irleti tifv sign ijictin t to]wzsh ip resources. Recommendation: Map Haines Township sites identified in the Centre County Historic Sites Survey for easier identification and for planning purposes regarding future projects (construction, transportation, utilities, etc.), and make the map available to all potential users in an easily accessible location (township office, library, etc.). Recommendation: Establish a system of periodic assessment of historic resources in the township. The assessment should identify additional significant resources, recently demolished resources, and threatened resources, and should rank the resources and evaluate their condition on an ongoing basis. The assessment should begin with the sites identified in the Centre County Historic Sites Survey, The map described above should be updated in coordination with activities under this task. Recommendation : Consider and proceed with the designation of a rural historic district in Haines Township. 98 Recommendation: Reconsider the establishment of an historic district in Woodward. (First, obtain a preliminary opinion from the Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission.) If National Register nomination is not possible, proceed with some form of local recognition. Reco m men dat i on : Seek assistance (financial, technical, etc.) from the Pennsylvania Historical and h4useuni Commission, the Centre County Historical Society, and the Centre County Library and Historical Museum for local preservation projects and programs. Institute local programs combining the efforts of these groups and the Aaronsburg Historical and Museum Association. Objective: Recogtt ize sign ificicritr t to1 vtt sli i'i resorc rces. Reco m mend a ti on : Proceed with the listing of the Meyers Mill House on the National Register of Historic Places. Rec o m men d a t i o n : Improve signage of historic and cultural resources throughout the township. Recommendation: Institute a program of local recognition for significant historic and cultural resources (local listing, signage, etc.) and for completed historic preservation projects (Annual Haines Township Historic Preservation Award). Objective: Proside technicd itt fiirinrrtioti. Recommendation: Institute a property owner's maintenance and renovation program, including the distribution of a booklet or pamphlets on maintenance and repairs with a focus on retaining the historic character of a property, the establishment of a local resource for additional technical information (books, phone numbers of orgziizatiom, etc.), md t!ie creation of educatimal programs fccuskg G:: the importance of farm buildings to the history and culture of the region. Reco m men da ti on : Provide technical and educational assistance to farmers, including information on established local, state, and regional programs, to assist in the maintenance and preservation of agricultural land in the township. GOAL: Preserve the agricultural lands, practices, and agrarian lifestyle that give Haines Township its unique character. Recommendation: Prepare for the purchase of farmland, as it becomes available, to maintain it as open space into the future. Recommendation: Strengthen local ordinances to discourage development that will detract from the historic appearance of the landscape and the structures in it. Recommendation: Consider installing a limited number of signs identifying the rural landscape and its significant components. Selected waysides and scenic views may be considered. 99 Recommendation: Encourage the addition of township farms to the Century Farm Program and initiate a local signage prograni to identify these farms. Recommendation: Consider and proceed with the designation'of a rural historic district in Haines Towns h i p . Recommendation: Consider tlie development of a farmland trust to purchase development rights in coordination with other state and county programs. GOAL: Develop sites and programs that encourage the sustainability of significant township resoiirces. Objective: Ccipitcilize on the evisting .flow of toitrists into Acironshrrrg me1 other estciblislierl toirrist sites jbr the economic benefit of the entire toivnsliip, ivithorit coi~iproitiisii~gthe qiicility of toivtiskip resoimes. Rec o m mend a tio n : Create a tourist center in Aaronsburg and supply it with informational brochures for all township resources and activities. Rec o m men da tio n : Create educational and recreational programs that relate the history and development of Aaronsburg to that of the entire township. Reco rn mend R ti on : Create drivinghikinghiking tours that begin in Aaronsburg and travel through other areas of the township. Objective: Estriblish cinrl rncirket eirlrlitioncil tortrist activities in eirecis ihroirghnirt tlie toiensliip. Recommendation: Create thematic walking and driving tours of township resources, for example: Schoois of Haines Township, Churches and Cemeteries, Histwic Farms, etc. Recommendation: Develop educational and tourist activities that combine historic and environmental resources. Reco m mencia t io n : Establish a walkinghiking trail along the route of tlie Lewisburg, Centre, and Spruce Creek Railroad near Ingleby. Recommendation: Ivlarket day and weekend trips that combine historic, cultural, natural, and recreational family oriented activities. Recommend ati o n : Work with the appropriate tourism agencies of Centre County and adjacent regions to promote township resources. 100 GOAL: Understand and promote tlie reliltionship between the township's built resources and the environmental (particiilal-ly agricultural) resources and character of the region. Recommendation : Produce in-depth histories of Fiedler and lngleby, including their relationship to the township and the surrounding region. Recommendation: Compile and create a display of historic views of the township for display in a central location. The display could be conducted in a series format, with bi- monthly changes focused on different communities and topics. Reco m men dati o n : Promote activities that recognize the rural agricultural base of the region. Rec o m men d a ti o n : Encourage school children to complete history and art projects based on the historic and cultural resources of the township. Reco m mend a ti on : Conduct programs/contests (poster, essay, poetry, etc.) focused on tlie historic and cultural resources of the township. Rec o m men d a ti o n : Continue to promote/amplify the promotion of exhibits at the Aaronsburg Historical and Museum Association. GOAL: Provide for the appropriate management of significant township resources. Recommendation: Establish an Historic and Cultural Resources Committee that will meet on a regular basis to assess the needs of historic and cultural resources in the township and to work to move preservation programs forward. Recommendation: Work with the Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission, the Centre County Historical Society, and the Centre County Library and Historical Museum in establishing and promoting these efforts. Recommendation: Consider the creation of a historic district ordinance'to protect the character and integrity of architecturally and historically significant communities in the township. 101 F. HOUSING PLAN I I 1 I .i I-IOUSTNG PLAN Housing is a critical element of all Comprehensive Plans because it helps to determine the quality of life of the residents and provides an important store of the wealth of the entire community. A good quality housing stock is, therefore, a desirable goal. At the same time, the provision of housing is recopized as primarily a private sector, market driven, activity. Therefore, one intent of this section of the Plan is to describe some of the tools available to public sector entities to influence the kind and quality of housing built in the Township. Cod: To nssiire saje mid sound koitsirig ivliicli meets the iieetls of ill resideiits. Obj: Adopt and enforce a standard building code. Obj: Support and participate in the Centre County Housing Rehabilitation program Obj: Assure that new subdivisions and developments occur in a manner which is consistent with sound planning practice and that they minimize the cost to the Township for services and infrastructure. Because there are many regulations and tools relevant to housing the first section of this Plan Element outlines and describes some of the most important and useful of these. The names of some of these programs, as well as the timing and eligibility requirements of some of the Pennsylvania State programs are in flux because of the recent merger of the Department of Commerce and the Department of Community Affairs. Affordable Housing and the L:w The Federal Fair Housing Act (as amended 1990) was created to ensure that every family would have a decent home in a suitable environment available to them. There is a growing body of both statutory and case law which pertains to affordable housing: Federal Case Law Mount Laurel I and 11: New Jersey has become home to landmark cases involving affordable housing. In the Mount Laurel I Decision, the Supreme Court ruled that communities in growth areas must take their fair share of the regions affordable housing stock. In Mount Laurel TI, the New Jersey and United States Supreme Courts ruled regulations do not relieve a municipality of their obligation to account for their fair share of affordable housing in a region. And, affirmative nieasures such as builders’ remedies, mandatory set asides, subsidies and mobile home zoning may be used to ensure that the fair share goal is achieved. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania Laws Regarding Affordable Housing The Pennsylvania Municipalities Planning Code Section 301 (2.1) states that each municipal zoning ordinance is designed to provide for the use of land within the municipality for residential housing 103 of various dwelling types encompassing all basic forms of housing. These forms include single family and two family dwellings, a reasonable range of multi family dwelling units in various arrangement, mobile homes, and mobile home parks. However, no zoning ordinance will be deemed invalid for the failure to provide for any specific dwelling type. Basically, this provision discourages exclusionary zoning and promotes affordable housing Surric V. Zoning Hearing Board of Upper Providence Borough: This was the 1977 test case that the Pennsylvania Supreme Court established provisions for affordable housing. In particular, it like the Mount Laurel case, requires communities in growth regions to provide their share of affordable housing. Funding Sources for Affordable Housing (its of 1995) U.S. Depcirtttietit qf Hortsittg mil Urban Ikselopttietit (?fUIl): HUD is the funding source of many Housing Program. Their funds are used for developing attainable housing and purchasing mortgages (Fanrtie MAE, Freddie MAC and Finny MAE) and for rehabilitation and weatherization. The primary source of direct funding for housing is the Community Development Block Grant (CDBG). Pennsy Isnnici Depcrrtrnent of Conittiitnity rind Ecoti otnic 1)evelop tneti t (DCED) : The Pennsylvania Department of Community and Economic Development offer several programs that utilize CDBG monies as a funding source. They are: Entitlement CDBG funds, Competitive CDBG, and Housing and Community Development Funds. Co m muni ty Develop men t BI oc IC Grants (CD BG) The largest funding source for housing is the CDBG program. Both entitlement and competitive funds are eligible for this activity. The CDBG Competitive grants are due in Harrisburg in late March. The current maximum grant amount for housing rehabilitation is $250,000. Applications for funding should be submitted to the Pennsylvania Department of Commirnity and Economic Development. It is quite possible to reapply for additional funding to continue the housing program after the first grant funds are expended. Other State and Federal Afforditble Housing Programs Most federal and state programs for housing are targeted to low and moderate income families or individuals. To address the needs of affordable housing, rehabilitation of existing housing and future housing needs it is recommended that the following programs be examined and possibly implemented. Sectiort 202 Supportive Hoirsirig for the Elderly (HUI)): The large number of senior citizens in Haines Township creates substantial demand for elderly housing. This program provides capital advance grants for construction, reconstruction, and rehabilitation of housing for very low income elderly. Funding is available to CBO's and other developers. Contact HUD Regional Office. Sectiott 811 Supportive Housing-for the Discrblerl (HUD): This program, like, Section 202, provides capital advance grants for construction, reconstruction, and rehabilitation of supportive housing. Contact HUD Regional Office. 104 HOME - Hotne Itivestt?tetttyrr~ttershipprogrmn (Hull, DCED) : This program offers funding and general guidelines to municipal governments; while allowing the local government the freedom to tailor implementation strategies for providing affordable housing to their own communities. This program contains the following Goals: 1. Provide affordable housing to low to very low income Pennsylvanians (SO percent of median income) 2. Assist local governments in achieving adequate supplies of affordable housing 3. To foster and strengthen partnerships between the public and private sectors which will increase the production and management of affordable housing. Low incotne RentcrlHousing Tar Credits (Federul): The tax credit program is intended to assist in the creation and preservation of affordable multifamily housing for families with low incomes, senior citizens, handicapped individuals, and homeless persons. The program makes available a dollar-for- dollar federal income tax credit up to 70 percent of the project’s cost. Contact Pennsylvania Housing Finance Agency (PHFA). Home ownership Program (PHFA): Provides for low interest loans made through local banks to purchasers who have not owned a home in the last three years. Requires a low down payment and subsidizes interest rate. Available for individuals and families only, but a useful way for banks to meet their Community Reinvestment Act commitment. PennHOMES (PHFA, DCED):‘A combined resource program to create multi-family rental housing by reducing financing costs. Both for profits and non-profits are eligible. Contact local bank or DCA. Housing and Community Development Grants (DCED): This is the Commonwealth’s largest pool of state monies for housing ana community revitalization. It is a competitive program with the following eligible housing activities, owner occupied rehabilitation, rehabilitation of investor owned properties up to four units, new construction, and site improvements. Contact DCA for further details. Act 137Horisitzg Frintl: County Commissioners can increase fees for deeds and mortgages to provide a match for other affordable housing programs. I Fmttie Mae, Ginny hfae atid Freddie k1AC (HUI)): In these two programs Federal Funds are used to help low to moderate income and first time home buyers. When implemented, these programs help keep younger families in the local area, aid in slowing down housing turn over and the housing cycle and stimulate a sense of Community. Local Real Estate Brokers, Financial Institutions should be contacted for more information and the Regional HUD Office. Community Service Block Grant Progrtittt citzrl Etnp1oj)tnent mil Comnirrtiity Consenvition Program: These programs are administered through the Department of Community and Economic Development, Bureau of Human Resources. These programs are targeted toward wider scale (community and neighborhood) type activities. In addition, this Bureau funds the Neighborhood 105 Assistance Program (NAP) which has the following coiiiponents: Housing Initiative, Weatherization, Local Initiative, Progressive Readiness Employment Program (PREP), and Enterprise Zone Extension Credit Program The status of these programs, including their fiinding and timing, is unclear at the present time due to changes in the organization of the Department of Coniniunity and Economic Development. Historic Rehahilittition Tt~vCredit (IRY): Tax credits may be taken on improvements made to income producing properties in the Historic District if work meets certain standards set by the Secretary of the Interior. Locally Based Programs The Township could take several steps preserving and promoting its housing stock. These projects could be administered by the Township Supervisors in conjunction with civic groups, local financial institutions, and the Centre County Planning Office. The following are suggested projects that the borough could undertake: Comnzunity Reinsestment ,4ct (CRA) TVitli Locril Bmiks: Under the guidelines of the Community Reinvestment Act, a Federal Law, local financial institutions must provide funds for community, economic and affordable housing development in the municipalities in which they conduct business. This vehicle could be used for mortgage programs under the PHFA Home ownership Program to stimulate home ownership in areas where it is now low, providing low interest loans for housing rehabilitation projects, and developing Senior Housing Units. Zoning Ordintitice rind Lurid lIew/opttient rind ,Sic hriivision Oriiintince: Preparation of a revised Subdivision and Land Development Ordinance and new Zoning Ordinance would promote affordable housing, encourage new housing structures, preservation of existing sound housing and the demolition of blighted struchires. The ordinance writing process would take several years to complete and require substantial public input. Recommendation: In the interest of providing affordable housing for segments of the community and thereby making progress towards the housing goals of the Township, it would be desirable to build multi-family housing. Ideally, at least 12 units of garden apartment style multi-family housing for families and 20 units of rent- assisted senior housing should be made available. The latter should be located near Millheim in order for seniors to have access to services and shopping. Recommendation: The Township should actively support historic preservation efforts in the community with eventual goal of establishing another historic district in Woodward. In addition to providing tax credits for restoration of income producing property, the national historic district designation could help to promote local pride and encourage new residents to locate in the Township. 106 Recommendation: The Township should consider adopting a zoning ordinance which will help to reduce land use conflicts, provide for the appropriate use of available vacant land, encourage in-fill development, and assure that new development is compatible with the goals of the community. 107 G. TRANSPORTATION PLAN ! FUTURE TR4NSPORTATION PLAN I One of the major overall goals of the planning program is the provision for the expeditious and safe movement of traffic throughout the Township. Having examined the existing transportation situation of the Township in the transportation study sectioj? of the planning program, the formulation of a plan for the future transportation can now be made. The Goals and Objectives of the Future Transportation Plan include: Obj: Work to develop long-term alternative transportation corridors to reduce the Township’s dependence on S.R. 45. Obj: Develop long-term solutions to efficient and equitable Township road concerns by devising a prioritized schedule of maintenance and upgrades. Obj: Encourage Park-and-Ride, car-pooling, and ride sharing to minimize automobile commuting. Obj: Explore potential for alternative modes of transportation including bike paths, commuter rail, and public transportation. The following Transportation recommendations are presented as a result of the study and analysis of existing conditions and anticipation of future conditions throughout the Township: Re c o m mend a ti o 11 : Widen and designate SR 45 from the township line near Aaronsburg east to Woodward for an Amish Buggy and bike route. Rec o m mend a ti o n : Study by PennDOT of the feasibility of a By-Pass around Aaronsburg. Reco m mendati o n : Consider the improvement of SR 2018 from the Township line east 0 Woodward as an alternate route to SR 45. i Recommendation: Replace several substandard bridges throughout the Township. I Recommend a ti o 11 : Prepare and establish an ongoing maintenance prograni for township roads i according to a priority ranking system. Rec o m mend a ti o n : Eventually pave all township roads. j Recommendation: Enforce existing speed limits throughout the township, particularly on SR 45. I Reco m menda ti on : Further identify problem intersections and take steps to rectify their deficiencies, e.g. site distance, grades angle of approach, etc. 109 Recommendation: Identify and develop a park and ride lot for use of township residents in the vicinity of Aaronsburg. Recommendation: Prepare a list of candidate projects every two (2) years for submission to the Centre County Planning Commission and PennDOT for placement upon the PennDOT Twelve (12) Year Program. For an indication of the location of the foregoing recommended transportation improvements, refer to the map on the following page 110 ! H. COMMUNITY FACILITIES AND SERVICES PLAN 112 FUTURE COMMUNITY FACILITIES AND SERVICES PLAN The following recommendations are necessary to improve the availability, quality, and adequacy of Community Facilities and Services. Some of the recommendations are rather obvious while others are more obscure. In some cases a comparison with accepted standards will determine where deficiencies exist. In other cases recommendations will be closely related to the implementation of the proposals presented in the other plan elements of this Comprehensive Plan. In making the recommendations for the Community Facilities and Services for the Township, the facilities will appear in the general sequence as they did in the Community Facilities and Services section of the Background Studies section of this Plan. The Goals and Objectives for the Future Community Facilities and Services Plan include: God: To asslire that ii@astructrire (sewer, water, storniwater) aiid public utilities (electricip atid coniniiriiiccrli(~)i.s)met the ~iee~lsof the popidace. Obj: Monitor the quality, capacity, cost, and accessibility of water service throughout the areas of the Township currently served by water companies. Obj: Monitor the need for public sewer in the developed and developing areas of the Township. Obj: Prepare and adopt a stormwater management plan. Obj. Work to assure a high level of service from electric, telephone, cable, and associated utilities . Goals: To provi& those services required by a growing and respoiisive Toivmh'' in n manner which is equitable to all residents aiid is fiscally soinid. Obj: Acquire, develop, and maintain adequate park and recreation facilities for the present and future residents of the Township. Obj : Assure the efficient functioning of Township services and business by providing adequate space and staff. Obj: Maintain and expand the educational and cultural amenities in the Township by supporting the local library and museum. Obj: Assure that emergency medical services and fire protection remain at their current high level. Obj: Establish and maintain an appropriate level of police services. 113 Obj: Promote the provision of adequate day care and elder care within the Township. Obj: Provide for the efficient provision of important community services such as snow and solid waste removal. The following Community Facilities and Services recommendations are presented as result of tlie study and analysis of existing conditions and the expected future conditions throughout the Township: Reco ni mend a ti o n : Improve the water supply and distribution system in Aaronsburg and Woodward. This may involve finding a new sources of water supply. Reco m men da ti on : Provide municipal water and municipal sewer to the more densely developed areas of the Township: primarily tlie villages of Aaronsburg and Woodward. Rec o 111 mend at i o ii : Insure that all on-lot water siipply systems are installed to accepted standards. Recommendation: Insure that all on-lot sewage disposal systems are installed to standards set forth in the Pennsylvania Sewage Facilities Act 537. Reco m mend a ti o n : Explore the feasibility of a municipal authority for the township to address the for ego i n g recommend at i o n s . Recommendation: Apply for State and Federal grants to undertake needed improvements 'for water and sewer service facilities. Recommendation: Undertake and implement a plan for stormwater management throughout the township. Recommendation: Prepare, adopt, and enforce a well head protection ordinance for the Towns h i p . Recommendation: Support of the Library by the Township. Rec o m mend a ti o n : Acquire and develop a township park and active recreation area for use by township residents. Rec o ni mend a ti o n : Consider development and improvement of recreation of hikingbiking trails throughout the Township. For an indication of the location of the foregoing Community Facilities and Services recommendations refer to tlie map on the following page 114 I. PLAN COMPONENT INTERRELATIONSHIP STATEMENT 116 PLAN COMPONENT INTERRELATIONSHIP STATEMENT The synthesis of interrelated activities to resolve issues and problems is always the thrust of community planning. In this regard, there are linkages among the elements of the goals and objectives and recommendations of the Comprehensive Plan. All are related and should further the overall goal which is to maintain in a rural region with complementary orderly development. This clearly underlies all future land use recommendations which attempt to protect environmental features, preserve agriculture, encourage low intensity economic development, and discourage sprawl. The Zoning and SubdivisiodLand Development Ordinances place the land use, division of property, and land development recommendations in a regulatory framework. Housing recommendations not only come to terms with demographic trends, agricultural needs, existing housing conditions, but also further the goals of low-intensity and complementary residential development and the conservation of the existing way of life in the Township. Transportation recommendations not only address safety issues and strengthen and improve the existing transportation system, but seek to enhance future land use recommendations and economic development potentials as well. The community facility and services recommendations reflect the land use recommendations related to the enhanced village center concept, the avoidance of sprawl, and the preservation open and agricultural areas. Finally, water recommendations emphasize the protection of surface and groundwater sources for public consumption, recreational use, and aesthetic enjoyment which again reflect land use and housing recommendations and development recommendations have obvious impacts on future economic development potentials. 117 J. CONTIGUOUS MUNICIPALITIES RELATIONSHIP STATEMENT 118 CONTIGUOUS R/IUNICIPALITIES STATEMENT Planning provides the luxury of facilitating the coordination of land use, transportation, community facility, public utility, and other planning components among those municipalities included in the planning effort. In this case, recommendation for Township of Haines are coordinated and consistent. In addition, the municipalities surrounding the Township are more similar than dissimilar to it, It is believed that the goals, objectives, and recommendations of this Plan are consistent with those of neighboring municipalities located in this multi-municipalities section of the Central Pennsylvania. The neighboring municipalities include the BorouSh of Millheim ,Townships of Miles, and Penn, all in Centre County, Township of Armagh in Mifflin County, and the Township of Hartley in Union County. Each of these municipalities as well as the County and the School Board will have an opportunity to comment on this Plan before its final adoption. Of special interest, the land use recommendations of this Plan are in conformance with and/or respond to land use patterns in evidence in the adjacent municipalities. 119 7 K. IMPLEMENTATION TOOLS AND STRATEGIES 120 INlPLER/IENTATION TOOLS AND STRATEGIES The Comprehensive Plan Elements are prepared as a guide for the future orderly growth and development of the Township. The Plan is primarily advisory in nature and has no legal enforcement status to insure its implementation. The wholehearted support of the Plan by Township Board of Supervisors, the Township Planning Commission, appointed public officials, citizen organizations, and the general citizenry is, therefore, most important if the recommendations and proposals of the Plan are to be implemented. The governing body of the Township and the Penns Valley Area School District are referred to Sections 303 and 305 of the Municipal Planning Code (MFC), Act 247 as amended, for their responsibilities concerning the Townships Comprehensive Plan and Implementation Activities. In addition to this support, there are a number of other strategies and tools which can be used to implement the Plan. These include Zonln@A: Haines Township has no Zoning Ordinance. Serious consideration should be given by the Township to the preparation and adoption of a Zoning Ordinance and Map for guiding growth throughout the Township. Devvelopmmi: The proposed Subdivision Ordinance has been drafted as part of this Planning Program. This ordinance will be reviewed by both the Township Planning Commission and the Township Board of Supervisors prior to adoption. With the adoption of this ordinance, developers and potential subdividers will have a definite indication of the minimum standards required to protect the health, safety, and welfare of residents of the Township. This ordinance will also act to guide their efforts in relation to the Township's Comprehensive Plan and Proposed Land Use Plan Element. Ca~prrovementsgeram:The Capitai Improvements Program (CIP) is a list of municipal projects with their respective priority, cost and proposed method of financing listed. The program covers a period of five (5) years into the future. Through this program the recommendations of the Transportation Plan, Community Facilities and Public Utility Plan, and Housing Plan can be carried out and financed thereby promoting the implementation of most all the recommendations and proposals of the Comprehensive Plan. -P- -P- anlmplment~ionule:This schedule lists according to priority time frames for each of the Comprehensive Plan Elements the major recommendations within each of the Plan Elements. This schedule should be prepared by the Township Planning Commission. It should be updated annually by the Commission and an annual measure of attainment published and included in the Annual Report of the Planning Comniission to be published by March of each year. 121