Scientific Notation, Metric System, & Unit Conversion Review Worksheet
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Time and Frequency Users' Manual
,>'.)*• r>rJfl HKra mitt* >\ « i If I * I IT I . Ip I * .aference nbs Publi- cations / % ^m \ NBS TECHNICAL NOTE 695 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE/National Bureau of Standards Time and Frequency Users' Manual 100 .U5753 No. 695 1977 NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS 1 The National Bureau of Standards was established by an act of Congress March 3, 1901. The Bureau's overall goal is to strengthen and advance the Nation's science and technology and facilitate their effective application for public benefit To this end, the Bureau conducts research and provides: (1) a basis for the Nation's physical measurement system, (2) scientific and technological services for industry and government, a technical (3) basis for equity in trade, and (4) technical services to pro- mote public safety. The Bureau consists of the Institute for Basic Standards, the Institute for Materials Research the Institute for Applied Technology, the Institute for Computer Sciences and Technology, the Office for Information Programs, and the Office of Experimental Technology Incentives Program. THE INSTITUTE FOR BASIC STANDARDS provides the central basis within the United States of a complete and consist- ent system of physical measurement; coordinates that system with measurement systems of other nations; and furnishes essen- tial services leading to accurate and uniform physical measurements throughout the Nation's scientific community, industry, and commerce. The Institute consists of the Office of Measurement Services, and the following center and divisions: Applied Mathematics -
Metric Conversion Worksheet – Solutions
Name: Mr Judd’s Solutions Section: Metric Conversions Metric Conversions Worksheet I T tera- 1 000 000 000 000 1012 9 G giga- 1 000 000 000 10 M mega- 1 000 000 106 k kilo- 1 000 103 These are the metric units. h hecto- 100 102 The letter in the first column 1 Going table up the movethe decimal to theleft D deka 10 10 is used as the prefix before the unit. Some common NO PREFIX ( UNIT) 1 100 types of units are: grams (g), meters (m), liters (L), d deci 0.1 10-1 joules (J), seconds (s), c centi- 0.01 10-2 and bytes (B). m milli- 0.001 10-3 -6 μ micro- 0.000001 10 Goingtable the down movethe decimal to theright n nano- 0.000000001 10-9 When working in the metric system it is helpful to use a “metric map.” This metric map will enable you to successfully convert your units. Units Liters Tera Giga Mega Kilo Hecto Deka Meters deci centi milli micro nano Grams Joules Seconds Bytes indicates that there is a difference of three steps/decimal places/zeros to get from one prefix to the next. indicates that there is a difference of only one step/decimal place/zero to get from one prefix to the next. EXAMPLES 1.0 kg = ? mg 1.0 kg = 1 000 000 mg Kilo Hecto Deka Unit deci centi milli Grams 2.3 cm = ? m 2.3 cm = 0.023 m (unit) is going to the left on the “map”; therefore move the decimal two places to the left Kilo Hecto Deka Unit deci centi milli Meters From To Difference Move decimal in zeros/ left or right? prefix unit prefix unit decimal places/steps km kilo Meters m no prefix Meters 3 right Mg mega grams Gg giga grams 3 left mL milli Litres L no prefix Litres 3 left kJ kilo Joules mJ milli Joules 6 right μs micro seconds ms milli seconds 3 left B no prefix bytes kB kilo bytes 3 left cm centi metre mm milli metre 1 right cL centi Litres μL micro Litres 4 right PROBLEMS 1. -
The Impact of the Speed of Light on Financial Markets and Their Regulation
When Finance Meets Physics: The Impact of the Speed of Light on Financial Markets and their Regulation by James J. Angel, Ph.D., CFA Associate Professor of Finance McDonough School of Business Georgetown University 509 Hariri Building Washington DC 20057 USA 1.202.687.3765 [email protected] The Financial Review, Forthcoming, May 2014 · Volume 49 · No. 2 Abstract: Modern physics has demonstrated that matter behaves very differently as it approaches the speed of light. This paper explores the implications of modern physics to the operation and regulation of financial markets. Information cannot move faster than the speed of light. The geographic separation of market centers means that relativistic considerations need to be taken into account in the regulation of markets. Observers in different locations may simultaneously observe different “best” prices. Regulators may not be able to determine which transactions occurred first, leading to problems with best execution and trade- through rules. Catastrophic software glitches can quantum tunnel through seemingly impregnable quality control procedures. Keywords: Relativity, Financial Markets, Regulation, High frequency trading, Latency, Best execution JEL Classification: G180 The author is also on the board of directors of the Direct Edge stock exchanges (EDGX and EDGA). I wish to thank the editor and referee for extremely helpful comments and suggestions. I also wish to thank the U.K. Foresight Project, for providing financial support for an earlier version of this paper. All opinions are strictly my own and do not necessarily represent those of Georgetown University, Direct Edge, the U.K. Foresight Project, The Financial Review, or anyone else for that matter. -
Using Microsecond Single-Molecule FRET to Determine the Assembly
Using microsecond single-molecule FRET to determine PNAS PLUS the assembly pathways of T4 ssDNA binding protein onto model DNA replication forks Carey Phelpsa,b,1, Brett Israelsa,b, Davis Josea, Morgan C. Marsha,b, Peter H. von Hippela,2, and Andrew H. Marcusa,b,2 aDepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403; and bDepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Oregon Center for Optical, Molecular and Quantum Science, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 Edited by Stephen C. Kowalczykowski, University of California, Davis, CA, and approved March 20, 2017 (received for review December 2, 2016) DNA replication is a core biological process that occurs in pro- complete coverage of the exposed ssDNA templates at the precisely karyotic cells at high speeds (∼1 nucleotide residue added per regulated concentration of protein that needs to be maintained in millisecond) and with high fidelity (fewer than one misincorpora- the infected Escherichia coli cell (8, 9). The gp32 protein has an tion event per 107 nucleotide additions). The ssDNA binding pro- N-terminal domain, a C-terminal domain, and a core domain. tein [gene product 32 (gp32)] of the T4 bacteriophage is a central The N-terminal domain is necessary for the cooperative binding integrating component of the replication complex that must con- of the gp32 protein through its interactions with the core domain of tinuously bind to and unbind from transiently exposed template an adjacent gp32 protein. To bind to ssDNA, the C-terminal domain strands during DNA synthesis. We here report microsecond single- of the gp32 protein must undergo a conformational change that molecule FRET (smFRET) measurements on Cy3/Cy5-labeled primer- exposes the positively charged region of its core domain, which in template (p/t) DNA constructs in the presence of gp32. -
Aquatic Primary Productivity Field Protocols for Satellite Validation and Model Synthesis (DRAFT)
Ocean Optics & Biogeochemistry Protocols for Satellite Ocean Colour Sensor Validation IOCCG Protocol Series Volume 7.0, 2021 Aquatic Primary Productivity Field Protocols for Satellite Validation and Model Synthesis (DRAFT) Report of a NASA-sponsored workshop with contributions (alphabetical) from: William M. Balch Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, Maine, USA Magdalena M. Carranza Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, California, USA Ivona Cetinic University Space Research Association, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Maryland, USA Joaquín E. Chaves Science Systems and Applications, Inc., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Maryland, USA Solange Duhamel University of Arizona, Arizona, USA Zachary K. Erickson University Space Research Association, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Maryland, USA Andrea J. Fassbender NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, Washington, USA Ana Fernández-Carrera Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde, Rostock, Germany Sara Ferrón University of Hawaii at Manoa, Hawaii, USA E. Elena García-Martín National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, UK Joaquim Goes Lamont Doherty Earth Observatory at Columbia University, New York, USA Helga do Rosario Gomes Lamont Doherty Earth Observatory at Columbia University, New York, USA Maxim Y. Gorbunov Department of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University, New Jersey, USA Kjell Gundersen Plankton Research Group, Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway Kimberly Halsey Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Oregon, USA Toru Hirawake -
Nanosecond X-Ray Photon Correlation Spectroscopy Using Pulse Time
research papers Nanosecond X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy IUCrJ using pulse time structure of a storage-ring source ISSN 2052-2525 NEUTRONjSYNCHROTRON Wonhyuk Jo,a Fabian Westermeier,a Rustam Rysov,a Olaf Leupold,a Florian Schulz,b,c Steffen Tober,b‡ Verena Markmann,a Michael Sprung,a Allesandro Ricci,a Torsten Laurus,a Allahgholi Aschkan,a Alexander Klyuev,a Ulrich Trunk,a Heinz Graafsma,a Gerhard Gru¨bela,c and Wojciech Rosekera* Received 25 September 2020 Accepted 2 December 2020 aDeutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany, bInstitute of Physical Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany, and cThe Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany. *Correspondence e-mail: [email protected] Edited by Dr T. Ishikawa, Coherent X-ray Optics Laboratory, Harima Institute, RIKEN, Japan X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy (XPCS) is a routine technique to study slow dynamics in complex systems at storage-ring sources. Achieving ‡ Current address: Deutsches Elektronen- Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestr. 85, 22607 nanosecond time resolution with the conventional XPCS technique is, however, Hamburg, Germany. still an experimentally challenging task requiring fast detectors and sufficient photon flux. Here, the result of a nanosecond XPCS study of fast colloidal Keywords: materials science; nanoscience; dynamics is shown by employing an adaptive gain integrating pixel detector SAXS; dynamical studies; time-resolved studies; (AGIPD) operated at frame rates of the intrinsic pulse structure of the storage X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy; adaptive ring. Correlation functions from single-pulse speckle patterns with the shortest gain integrating pixel detectors; storage rings; pulse structures. -
Low Latency – How Low Can You Go?
WHITE PAPER Low Latency – How Low Can You Go? Low latency has always been an important consideration in telecom networks for voice, video, and data, but recent changes in applications within many industry sectors have brought low latency right to the forefront of the industry. The finance industry and algorithmic trading in particular, or algo-trading as it is known, is a commonly quoted example. Here latency is critical, and to quote Information Week magazine, “A 1-millisecond advantage in trading applications can be worth $100 million a year to a major brokerage firm.” This drives a huge focus on all aspects of latency, including the communications systems between the brokerage firm and the exchange. However, while the finance industry is spending a lot of money on low- latency services between key locations such as New York and Chicago or London and Frankfurt, this is actually only a small part of the wider telecom industry. Many other industries are also now driving lower and lower latency in their networks, such as for cloud computing and video services. Also, as mobile operators start to roll out 5G services, latency in the xHaul mobile transport network, especially the demanding fronthaul domain, becomes more and more important in order to reach the stringent 5G requirements required for the new class of ultra-reliable low-latency services. This white paper will address the drivers behind the recent rush to low- latency solutions and networks and will consider how network operators can remove as much latency as possible from their networks as they also race to zero latency. -
Simulating Nucleic Acids from Nanoseconds to Microseconds
UC Irvine UC Irvine Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title Simulating Nucleic Acids from Nanoseconds to Microseconds Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6cj4n691 Author Bascom, Gavin Dennis Publication Date 2014 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, IRVINE Simulating Nucleic Acids from Nanoseconds to Microseconds DISSERTATION submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in Chemistry, with a specialization in Theoretical Chemistry by Gavin Dennis Bascom Dissertation Committee: Professor Ioan Andricioaei, Chair Professor Douglas Tobias Professor Craig Martens 2014 Appendix A c 2012 American Chemical Society All other materials c 2014 Gavin Dennis Bascom DEDICATION To my parents, my siblings, and to my love, Lauren. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF FIGURES vi LIST OF TABLES x ACKNOWLEDGMENTS xi CURRICULUM VITAE xii ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION xiv 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Nucleic Acids in a Larger Context . 1 1.2 Nucleic Acid Structure . 5 1.2.1 DNA Structure/Motion Basics . 5 1.2.2 RNA Structure/Motion Basics . 8 1.2.3 Experimental Techniques for Nucleic Acid Structure Elucidation . 9 1.3 Simulating Trajectories by Molecular Dynamics . 11 1.3.1 Integrating Newtonian Equations of Motion and Force Fields . 12 1.3.2 Treating Non-bonded Interactions . 15 1.4 Defining Our Scope . 16 2 The Nanosecond 28 2.1 Introduction . 28 2.1.1 Biological Processes of Nucleic Acids at the Nanosecond Timescale . 29 2.1.2 DNA Motions on the Nanosecond Timescale . 32 2.1.3 RNA Motions on the Nanosecond Timescale . -
Picosecond Multi-Hole Transfer and Microsecond Charge- Separated States at the Perovskite Nanocrystal/Tetracene Interface
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Chemical Science. This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2019 Electronic Supplementary Information for: Picosecond Multi-Hole Transfer and Microsecond Charge- Separated States at the Perovskite Nanocrystal/Tetracene Interface Xiao Luo, a,† Guijie Liang, ab,† Junhui Wang,a Xue Liu,a and Kaifeng Wua* a State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dynamics Research Center for Energy and Environmental Materials, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China b Hubei Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei 441053, China * Corresponding Author: [email protected] † Xiao Luo and Guijie Liang contributed equally to this work. Content list: Figures S1-S9 Sample preparations TA experiment set-ups Estimation of the number of attached TCA molecules per NC Estimation of FRET rate Estimation of average exciton number at each excitation density Estimation of exciton dissociation number S1 a 100 b long edge c short edge 70 7.90.1 nm 9.60.1 nm 60 80 50 s s 60 t t n 40 n u u o o C 30 C 40 20 20 10 0 0 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 2 4 6 8 10 12 Size (nm) Size (nm) Figure S1. (a) A representative transmission electron microscopy (TEM) image of CsPbBrxCl3-x perovskite NCs used in this study. Inset: high-resolution TEM. (b,c) Length distribution histograms of the NCs along the long (b) and short (c) edges. -
Metric System Conversion Factors1 J
AGR39 Metric System Conversion Factors1 J. Bryan Unruh, Barry J. Brecke, and Ramon G. Leon-Gonzalez2 Area Equivalents 1 Hectare (ha) 2 1 Acre (A) = 10,000 square meters (m ) 2 = 100 are (a) = 43,560 square feet (ft ) = 2.471 acres (A) = 4,840 square yards (yd2) = 0.405 hectares (ha) 1 Square Foot (ft) = 160 square rods (rd2) 2 = 4,047 square meters (m2) = 144 square inches (in ) = 929.03 square centimeters (cm2) 2 1 Acre-inch (ac-in) = 0.0929 square meters (m ) 3 = 102.8 cubic meters (m ) 1 Square Mile (mi) = 27,154 gallons, US (gal) 2 = 3,630 cubic feet (ft3) = 27,878,400 square feet (ft ) = 3,097,600 square yards (yd2) 2 1 Are (a) = 640 square acres (A ) = 2,589,988.11 square meters (m2) = 100 square meters (m2) 2 = 119.6 square yards (yd ) 1 Square Rod (rd) = 0.025 acre (A) = 39,204 square inches (in2) = 272.25 square feet (ft2) 1 Cubic Foot (ft) 2 3 = 30.25 square yards (yds ) = 1,728 cubic inches (in ) = 25.3 square meters (m2) = 0.037 cubic yards (yds3) 3 = 0.02832 cubic meters (cm ) 1 Square Yard (yd) = 28,320 cubic centimeters (cm3) = 9 square feet (ft2) 2 1 Cubic Yard (yd) = 0.836 square meters (m ) = 27 cubic feet (ft3) = 0.764 cubic meters (m3) 1. This document is AGR39, one of a series of the Environmental Horticulture Department, UF/IFAS Extension. Original publication date November 1993. Revised December 2014. Reviewed December 2017. Visit the EDIS website at http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu. -
Prefixes in Physics Worksheet
Prefixes In Physics Worksheet Impeccant and carpellary Brant malleating while swelled-headed Walt roisters her pastramis slap and categorising stylistically. Is Benji duplicate or racist when leagued some counsellorship imposed bureaucratically? Is Tremayne ethnical when Oswald mission balletically? Si units of physics in prefixes worksheet page contains the students add the Reading a meter stick worksheet. Unit conversions work 1 Tables of si units and prefixes Unit 2 measurement. Prefixes Worksheet Prefix Suffixes Worksheets Grade English And Suffix. Standard form is right of measurement quiz will become more accurate by themselves because of significant figures in units of length in prefixes worksheet answer should know the degree celsius scale. Suffix of science Absolute Travel Specialists. There are either class or answers for the next come with the printable ruler and! To centimetres and the exertion of the front of the. Express are Following Using Metric Prefixes Bibionerock. Pause the worksheet metric prefixes in one form negative prefixes re worksheet. Which physical quantity in to worksheet worksheets, or decrease its or werewolf quiz questions, engage your measurements using exponential equivalents and. Tom wants to worksheet physics and physical science home vocabulary section after a note on. Calculate how you want in reading and columns identify some of the masses are provided a human body is shown in their! 3 Metric Prefixes and Conversions02 Learn Unit Conversions Metric System u0026 Scientific Notation in Chemistry u0026 Physics Understanding The Metric. Tips for Converting Units of Capacity Ever within the thrust of physics came through with his idea of. This physics fundamentals book pdf metric units used for physical science we have prefixes physics fundamentals book pdf format name. -
Orders of Magnitude (Length) - Wikipedia
03/08/2018 Orders of magnitude (length) - Wikipedia Orders of magnitude (length) The following are examples of orders of magnitude for different lengths. Contents Overview Detailed list Subatomic Atomic to cellular Cellular to human scale Human to astronomical scale Astronomical less than 10 yoctometres 10 yoctometres 100 yoctometres 1 zeptometre 10 zeptometres 100 zeptometres 1 attometre 10 attometres 100 attometres 1 femtometre 10 femtometres 100 femtometres 1 picometre 10 picometres 100 picometres 1 nanometre 10 nanometres 100 nanometres 1 micrometre 10 micrometres 100 micrometres 1 millimetre 1 centimetre 1 decimetre Conversions Wavelengths Human-defined scales and structures Nature Astronomical 1 metre Conversions https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orders_of_magnitude_(length) 1/44 03/08/2018 Orders of magnitude (length) - Wikipedia Human-defined scales and structures Sports Nature Astronomical 1 decametre Conversions Human-defined scales and structures Sports Nature Astronomical 1 hectometre Conversions Human-defined scales and structures Sports Nature Astronomical 1 kilometre Conversions Human-defined scales and structures Geographical Astronomical 10 kilometres Conversions Sports Human-defined scales and structures Geographical Astronomical 100 kilometres Conversions Human-defined scales and structures Geographical Astronomical 1 megametre Conversions Human-defined scales and structures Sports Geographical Astronomical 10 megametres Conversions Human-defined scales and structures Geographical Astronomical 100 megametres 1 gigametre