DOCSLIB.ORG

Abortion Baseline Report.Indd

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Abortion Baseline Report.Indd Solidarity for the Right to Safe Abortion Alliance & the partner organizations National Baseline Research Claiming the Right to Safe Abortion: Strategic Partnerships in Asia Abortion related Stigma and Discrimination in Cambodia Solidarity for the Right to Safe Abortion Alliance & the partner organizations National Baseline Research Claiming the Right to Safe Abortion: Strategic Partnerships in Asia Abortion related stigma and discrimination in Cambodia 2 VERSO PAGE The verso page includes the ISBN number, publishers (contact information of partner organisation and ARROW), publication team, and cover photo credits. 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS VERSO PAGE ................................................................................................................. 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS .................................................................................................... 4 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ................................................................................................ 5 LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ................................................................... 5 LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................................. 6 LIST OF FIGURES ........................................................................................................... 6 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .................................................................................................. 7 1. Introduction .................................................................................................................9 2. Country profile: Socio-economic and political context ........................................16 3. Profiling Cambodia: SRHR ........................................................................................16 4. Abortion: Country Situation, Critical Issues and Attempts to Ensure the Right to Safe Abortion ....................................................................................................................... 17 5. Abortion: Gaps in Understanding the Issues and Addressal of the Issues ........17 6. Baseline Research Findings ......................................................................................18 7. Conclusions.......................................................................................................51 8. Recommendations ...................................................................................................53 9. List of references .......................................................................................................54 10. APPENDICES ................................................................................................................55 4 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This project is a collaboration between Angkor Research and Consulting, the Reproductive Health Association of Cambodia (RHAC), and the Asian-Pacific Resource and Research Centre for Women (ARROW). The project was led at RHAC by Mrs. Sek Sisokhom, and overseen at ARROW by Ms. Azra Abdul Cader, both of whom provided inputs into the research design, instruments, data collection, and analysis of results. RHAC provided the national context and background included in the introduction. At Angkor Research, Mr. John Nicewinter and Mrs. Saing Ratanaksophea managed the project together. John drafted the instruments, selected the sample, conducted analysis and wrote the draft report. Ratanaksophea tested and revised the instruments, conducted field staff training, managed the data collection and supervised the transcription and translation of all qualitative data. Mr. Ian Ramage, Chief Technical Officer, oversaw the project. LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ARROW Asian-Pacific Resource and Research Centre for Women CAC Comprehensive abortion care CAPI Computer-assisted personal interview CDHS Cambodia Demographic and Health Survey CSES Cambodia Socio-Economic Survey HH Household IDI In-depth interview ILAS Individual Level Abortion Stigma Scale IUD Intrauterine device NCDD National Committee for Sub-National Democratic Development PPS Probability proportional to size RHAC Reproductive Health Association of Cambodia SABAS Stigmatizing Attitudes, Beliefs and Actions Scale SRHR Sexual and reproductive health and rights STI Sexually transmitted infection TOR Terms of reference TV Television 5 LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Qualitative sample description. .................................................................... 12 Table 2: Sample selection probabilities and weights, by province. ............................ 13 Table 3: Quantitative respondent sociodemographic characteristics, by province. ... 19 Table 4: Qualitative respondent characteristics, by province. .................................... 20 Table 5: Household income in the last 12 months, by province. ................................ 20 Table 6: Respondent income in the last 12 months, by province. .............................. 21 Table 7: Wealth groups, by province. ......................................................................... 22 Table 8: Respondent mobile phone and media access. .............................................. 23 Table 9: Sexual and reproductive health knowledge, by province. ............................ 24 Table 10: Use of contraception, by province. ............................................................. 25 Table 11: Contraceptive decision-making, by province. ............................................. 26 Table 12: Sexual decision-making, by province. ......................................................... 27 Table 13: Primary person responsible for women’s contraceptive, reproductive and overall health care decision-making, by province. ...................................... 28 Table 14: Knowledge of abortion legality in Cambodia, by province. ......................... 32 Table 15: SABAS scores, by province. ......................................................................... 37 Table 16: Individual SABAS questions, by province. ................................................... 37 Table 17: Attitudes toward abortion providers, by province. ..................................... 41 Table 18: ILAS scores, by province. ............................................................................. 42 Table 19: ILAS individual questions, mean scores by province. .................................. 43 Table 20: Experience with abortion, by province. ...................................................... 46 Table 21: Abortion characteristics, by abortion (n=73). ............................................. 48 Table 22: Post-abortion follow-up and contraceptive use. ......................................... 49 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: Primary household income source, by household wealth group. ............... 22 Figure 2: Sources of reproductive health information for women, from most important (1) to least important (10), by province. .................................... 23 Figure 3: Contraceptive methods known by women that know of any contraceptive method, by province (multiple response; answers do not total to 100%). ........ 25 Figure 4: Use of contraceptive methods, among women that had ever used any contraceptive, by province (multiple response). ......................................... 26 Figure 5: Women’s overall decision-making ability for their own health. .................. 29 Figure 6: Abortion decision-making, among women who would consider having an abortion. ................................................................................................ 30 Figure 7: Knowledge of abortion legality in specific situations, by province (only among women that reported knowing of abortion laws; n=283). .............. 33 Figure 8: Likelihood of arrest for women having (L) and medical staff performing (R) abortions in Cambodia........................................................ 34 Figure 9: Abortion providers, as identified by women (multiple response). .............. 35 Figure 10: Primary reason for most recent abortion, among women that ever had an abortion, by province. ..................................................................... 46 Figure 11: Person that women discussed their abortion with before/after the most recent abortion (multiple response; unweighted n). ....................... 47 Figure 12: Contraceptive use after each abortion where women started using contraception (multipleesponse; r n=35). .................................................. 50 6 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Lack of information about how women and their communities understand and perceive abortions, women who have abortions, and abortion service providers has resulted in limited knowledge on how women’s lives change after an abortion. Despite the fact that abortion was legalized in Cambodia in 1997, available information demonstrates that women greatly hesitate to access safe abortion services, and even when they access them, they are strongly stigmatized within their community after having an abortion. Therefore, the current study was undertaken to measure the awareness of abortion legality and the levels of stigma and discrimination around abortion in Cambodia. The mixed methods study involved a quantitative survey of 300 women of reproductive age (WRA; 15-49 years old), which is weighted to ensure proportional representation of WRA in the target provinces of Siem Reap and Kampot. As well, 26 in-depth interviews (IDIs) with community leaders and six separate focus group discussions (FGDs) with WRA, their husbands/partners,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Contraceptive Use and Induced Abortion in Cambodia
    Contraceptive Use and Induced Abortion in Cambodia Social and Cultural Context, Perceptions and Decisions made Population Research Centre University of Groningen Netherlands Loes Kendle Supervisors: Prof. Dr. I. Hutter & Dr. F. Janssen Contraceptive Use and Induced Abortion in Cambodia 2 Social and Cultural Context, Perceptions and Decisions made Preface Somewhere half way through the first semester, the mind was pushed into deciding what to do for a master’s thesis. Different ideas popped into mind, but it was soon clear that it had to be something to do with reproductive health, and preferably somewhere abroad. Luck had it that close friends of my family were visiting, Simon and Oie. Here the first suggestion was given that has brought me to Cambodia and back. The idea was very appealing, but there were difficulties to overcome. First of all there were no established contact, so not only did I have to convince my professor, Dr. Inge Hutter, to allow me to go, but I also needed to make contact and find someone there to help me set up my research. The first part was the easiest part. My professor has been a never-ending source of support on my scientific, as well my personal, journey that has lead to this thesis. My ‘big brother’ Simon was my only contact in Cambodia, but it was his friend Bart Jacobs, who brought me into contact with Dr. François Crabbé. With his help I was able to hand in my request to the National Ethical Committee of Cambodia, and did I find a location to do my fieldwork, the Mother and Child Health clinic in Sihanoukville.
    [Show full text]
  • Commodifying Karma: Abortion Discourses and Kaekam Practices in Thai Society
    COMMODIFYING KARMA: ABORTION DISCOURSES AND KAEKAM PRACTICES IN THAI SOCIETY A Thesis Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Cornell University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts by Moodjalin Sudcharoen May 2013 © 2013 Moodjalin Sudcharoen ABSTRACT In Thailand, abortion received little attention until the 1980s, when some social activists introduced legal reforms that would have legalized the practice, but they failed to achieve their goals. From the 1990s to the present, abortion became a topic of popular discourses as Buddhism became increasingly commodified. Entrepreneurs introduced ways for women who have had abortions to pay for services that would ameliorate their bad karma; this is known as the trend of kaekam. While the dominant discourse has long depicted abortion as a life-destroying act from a Buddhist perspective, the emphasis on embodied karma in the form of vengeful child ghosts, the ability to change one’s karma through certain rituals, and confessions by those involved in abortions is all recent. I argue that these phenomena not only dominate public discussions and perpetuate abortion stigma, but also allow some groups to gain economic benefit from the fear of the negative effects of the karma incurred through various forms of the karma business. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH Moodjalin Sudcharoen, nicknamed Mood, was born in Bangkok, Thailand, in February 1988. From 1994 to 2006, she studied at Assumption Convent School, Bangkok. Afterwards, she spent four years as an Honors Program student of the Department of Thai, Faculty of Arts, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, and received a Bachelor’s degree (1st class honors) in March 2010.
    [Show full text]
  • Abortion and the Law in New
    NSW PARLIAMENTARY LIBRARY RESEARCH SERVICE Abortion and the law in New South Wales by Talina Drabsch Briefing Paper No 9/05 ISSN 1325-4456 ISBN 0 7313 1784 X August 2005 © 2005 Except to the extent of the uses permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, no part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means including information storage and retrieval systems, without the prior written consent from the Librarian, New South Wales Parliamentary Library, other than by Members of the New South Wales Parliament in the course of their official duties. Abortion and the law in New South Wales by Talina Drabsch NSW PARLIAMENTARY LIBRARY RESEARCH SERVICE David Clune (MA, PhD, Dip Lib), Manager..............................................(02) 9230 2484 Gareth Griffith (BSc (Econ) (Hons), LLB (Hons), PhD), Senior Research Officer, Politics and Government / Law .........................(02) 9230 2356 Talina Drabsch (BA, LLB (Hons)), Research Officer, Law ......................(02) 9230 2768 Lenny Roth (BCom, LLB), Research Officer, Law ...................................(02) 9230 3085 Stewart Smith (BSc (Hons), MELGL), Research Officer, Environment ...(02) 9230 2798 John Wilkinson (MA, PhD), Research Officer, Economics.......................(02) 9230 2006 Should Members or their staff require further information about this publication please contact the author. Information about Research Publications can be found on the Internet at: www.parliament.nsw.gov.au/WEB_FEED/PHWebContent.nsf/PHPages/LibraryPublications Advice on
    [Show full text]
  • Ellie Hukin Thesis Final Draft Post Viva and Corrections6
    London School of Economics and Political Science Contraception in Cambodia Explaining Unmet Need Eleanor Frances Hukin A thesis submitted to the Department of Social Policy at the London School of Economics for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, London, September, 2012 Declaration of Authorship I certify that the thesis I have presented for examination for the MPhil/PhD degree of the London School of Economics and Political Science is solely my own work other than where I have clearly indicated that it is the work of others (in which case the extent of any work carried out jointly by me and any other person is clearly identified in it). The copyright of this thesis rests with the author. Quotation from it is permitted, provided that full acknowledgement is made. This thesis may not be reproduced without my prior written consent. I warrant that this authorisation does not, to the best of my belief, infringe the rights of any third party. I declare that my thesis consists of 79,756 words. Statement of use of third party for editorial help I can confirm that my thesis was copy edited for conventions of language, spelling and grammar by Janice Hukin. Eleanor Frances Hukin 2 Abstract This thesis aims to explain why there is a high level of unmet need for contraception in Cambodia - a country where effective methods of birth control are cheaply available and morally acceptable. The research design takes a mixed methods approach, initially using data from the Cambodian Demographic and Health Surveys of 2000 and 2005 to assess trends in contraceptive use.
    [Show full text]
  • 1. Entry Into Reproductive Life
    United Nations E/CN.9/2002/2 Distr.: General Economic and Social Council Original: English Commission on Population and Development Thirty-fifth session 1-5 April 2002 Item 3 of the provisional agenda∗ Follow-up actions to the recommendations of the International Conference on Population and Development Concise report on world population monitoring, 2002: reproductive rights and reproductive health with special reference to HIV/AIDS Report of the Secretary-General Summary The present report has been prepared in accordance with the terms of reference of the Commission on Population and Development and its topic-oriented prioritized multi-year work programme, which was endorsed by the Economic and Social Council in its resolution 1995/55. The Commission, in its decision 2000/1 decided that the theme for the Commission at its thirty-fifth session in the year 2002 should be “Reproductive rights and reproductive health, with special reference to human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS)”. The report provides a summary of recent information on selected aspects of reproductive rights and reproductive health and covers topics such as entry into reproductive life; reproductive behaviour; family planning; abortion; maternal mortality and morbidity; sexually transmitted infections; human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS); and policy issues related to reproductive rights. The preliminary, unedited version of the full report is available as a working paper in document ESA/P/WP.171. The report was prepared by the Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs with contributions by the World Health Organization and the Joint United Nations Programme on Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS) (UNAIDS).
    [Show full text]
  • Abortion in Cambodia Country Report
    Abortion in Cambodia Country Report Dr. Chhun Long Ms. Neang Ren Expanding Access: Midlevel Provider s in Menstrual Regulation and Elective Abortion Care 3 – 6 December, 2001 South Africa 1 Abbreviations: CDHS Cambodia Demography Health Survey KAP Survey Knowledge Attitude and Practice survey MOH Ministry of Health MOP Ministry of Planning MMR Maternal Mortality Rate NMCHC National Mother Child Health Center SESC Socio-Economic Survey of Cambodia TBAs Traditional Births attendents HC Health Center I. Country background Cambodia, situated in the Mekong Sub-Region, bordered by Thailand in the west and north, Laos in the north, Vietnam in the east and southeast and the Gulf of Thailand in the south-west, is one of the poorest and least developed countries in South East Asia. The total population is over 11 million people, living on an area of 180.000 square kilometers of which more than 40 percent is covered by forest. The capital city, Phnom Penh, lies at the confluence of the Mekong, Tonle Sap and Tonle Bassac Rivers. The country is divided into 24 provinces and 183 districts. Districts vary greatly in total land area and in number of people, the smallest having as few as 3.000 people, the largest more than 150.000. Cambodia has suffered a long period of war from 1970. During the period of 1975-1979, more than 2 millions people, mostly men and including many medical professionals, lost their lives, leaving a large number of widow women to head their family and raise their children. The health care system was almost totally destroyed in that period.
    [Show full text]
  • Ghazaleh Samandari, Phd MPH Adjunct Assistant Professor, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill [email protected] • 202-277-3495
    Dr. Ghazaleh Samandari, PhD MPH Adjunct Assistant Professor, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill [email protected] • 202-277-3495 EDUCATION: The University of North Carolina – Chapel Hill 2010 School of Public Health Degree: PhD in Public Health Minor: Health Behavior and Health Education The George Washington University, Washington, D.C. 2005 School of Public Health and Health Services Degree: Master of Public Health Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 2002 School of Arts and Sciences Degree: Bachelor of Arts SKILLS: - Design, implementation and analysis of operations research and project monitoring & evaluation - Development and execution of complex statistical analyses - Quantitative and qualitative research in health communication, health behavior and social marketing - Focus group and in-depth interview design and administration - Knowledgeable in SAS, SPSS, STATA, MPLUS, EXCEL and ACCESS software applications - Topical expertise in Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health, Domestic Violence, HIV/AIDS, Malaria, Sexual and Reproductive Health, Human Resources for Health - Proficient in Farsi, conversational in Spanish and French - Professional experience working in multiple international and domestic settings, working effectively both in groups and independently - Highly organized, detail-oriented, flexible, self-motivated - Excellent written and oral communication skills PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE: JOHN SNOW, INC. (KMS PROJECT) Washington, DC - Senior Research Analyst 2013-present • Supporting USAID’s seven Element teams:
    [Show full text]
  • Development of an Intervention to Support Reproductive Health of Garment Factory Workers in Cambodia
    Development of an Intervention to Support Reproductive Health of Garment Factory Workers in Cambodia Chris Smith ( [email protected] ) London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9238-3202 Ly Sokhey Marie Stopes International Cambodia Camille Tijamo Marie Stopes International Cambodia Megan McLaren Marie Stopes International Caroline Free London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Department of Population Health Justin Watkins School of Oriental and African Studies London: SOAS University of London Ou Amra Marie Stopes International Cambodia Chisato Masuda School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University Amy Williamson Marie Stopes International Cambodia Elisa Oreglia King's College London Research Keywords: Family planning, contraception, abortion, Cambodia, garment factory workers, intervention development, intervention mapping, videos, behaviour change Posted Date: October 22nd, 2020 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-94573/v1 License: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Read Full License Page 1/20 Abstract Background: Garment factory workers in Cambodia are potentially a vulnerable population in terms of support for reproductive health issues and access to services, as the majority are young women aged under 30 years who have migrated from rural areas away from their family and community support. The aim of this paper was to describe the development of an intervention to support the reproductive health of garment factory workers in Cambodia. Methods: The research was conducted by a multidisciplinary team with backgrounds in public health, linguistics, digital cultures and service delivery in a suburb of Phnom Penh where many garment factories cluster.
    [Show full text]
  • The Intersection of Abortion and Gun Rights , 50 Rutgers L
    Fordham Law School FLASH: The Fordham Law Archive of Scholarship and History Faculty Scholarship 1997 Principles and Passions: The nI tersection of Abortion and Gun Rights Nicholas J. Johnson Fordham University School of Law, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/faculty_scholarship Part of the Constitutional Law Commons, Health Law Commons, Second Amendment Commons, and the Women Commons Recommended Citation Nicholas J. Johnson, Principles and Passions: The Intersection of Abortion and Gun Rights , 50 Rutgers L. Rev. 97 (1997-1998) Available at: http://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/faculty_scholarship/437 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by FLASH: The orF dham Law Archive of Scholarship and History. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Scholarship by an authorized administrator of FLASH: The orF dham Law Archive of Scholarship and History. For more information, please contact [email protected]. PRINCIPLES AND PASSIONS: THE INTERSECTION OF ABORTION AND GUN RIGHTs* Nicholas J. Johnson** In this article, Professor Nicholas J. Johnson explores the paral- lels between the right of armed self-defense and the woman's right to abortion. ProfessorJohnson demonstrates that the theories and prin-, ciples advanced to support the abortion right intersect substantially with an individual's right to armed self-defense. Professor Johnson uncovers common ground between the gun and abortion rights-two rights that have come to symbolize society's deepest social and cultur- al divisions-divisions that prompt many to embrace the abortion right while summarily rejecting the gun right. Unreflective dispar- agement of the gun right, he argues, threatens the vitality of the abortion choice theories with which gun-rights arguments intersect and suggests that society's most difficult questions are settled not on principle, but by people's passions.
    [Show full text]
  • Increasing Contraception Use with Mobile Phone- Based Interventions
    Smith, C (2017) Increasing contraception use with mobile phone- based interventions. PhD (research paper style) thesis, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17037/PUBS.03894556 Downloaded from: http://researchonline.lshtm.ac.uk/3894556/ DOI: 10.17037/PUBS.03894556 Usage Guidelines Please refer to usage guidelines at http://researchonline.lshtm.ac.uk/policies.html or alterna- tively contact [email protected]. Available under license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/ Increasing contraception use with mobile phone-based interventions Chris Smith Thesis submitted in accordance with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, University of London 2017 Supervisor: Caroline Free Department of Population Health Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Funded by Marie Stopes International Innovation fund and UK Medical Research Council Declaration I, Chris Smith, confirm that the work presented in this thesis is my own. Where information has been derived from other sources, I confirm that this has been indication in the thesis. I have read and understood the School’s definition of plagiarism and cheating given in the Research Degrees Handbook. I declare that this thesis is my own work, and that I have acknowledged all results and quotations from the published or unpublished work of other people. I have read and understood the School’s definition and policy on the use of third parties (either paid or unpaid) who have contributed to the preparation of this thesis by providing copy editing and, or, proof reading services. I declare that no changes to the intellectual content or substance of this thesis were made as a result of this advice, and, that I have fully acknowledged all such contributions.
    [Show full text]
  • Eubios Journal of Asian and International Bioethics
    Eubios Journal of Asian and International Bioethics EJAIB Vol. 22 (4) July 2012 www.eubios.info ISSN 1173-2571 Official Journal of the Asian Bioethics Association (ABA) Copyright ©2012 Eubios Ethics Institute (All rights reserved, for commercial reproductions). Jenie, of Indonesia. We all have expressed our deepest page Contents condolescenes to Dr. Nurten Aksoy, his wife, and also a Editorial: In memory of Sahin Aksoy and Asian founding member of the Asian Bioethics Association, and Bioethics 133 their twins. - Darryl Macer Readers who are not aware of the work of Sahin, Sahin Aksoy R.I.P. 134 can goggle his work, or search www.eubios.info for some - Frank J. Leavitt (Yeruham) of his numerous papers and book chapters. This picture Views on Abortion and Sex Selection in Phnom was taken during the Asian Penh, Cambodia 135 Bioethics Conference of - Kouy BunRong 2008 in Yogyakarta (chaired Prognostication 150 by Umar Jenie) that followed - Dr Lalit K Radha Krishna the very successful ABC that Cloud Computing and its ethical issues 155 Sahin organized in Sanliurfa - J. Thresa Jeniffer (Turkey). Many readers Indian Marine Turtles in Soup 158 attended the conference - A.J. Thatheyus Bio-Ethics and Sustainable which opened up West Asian Development: The Need for Proper Policy Making 160 ideas to East and South - S. Panneerselvam Asia. Human cloning: Comments on Iftime (2012) 163 Sahin first came to Japan in 1997 to the Asian - K. K. Verma Bioethics Conference in Kobe, and that Tsukuba ABA membership 164 International Bioethics Roundtable that I organized. He Editorial address: came to a number of the Tsukuba Roundtables, always Prof.
    [Show full text]
  • Abortion Worldwide 2017: Uneven Progress and Unequal Access
    Uneven Progress and Unequal Access Uneven Progress and Unequal Access Susheela Singh Lisa Remez Gilda Sedgh Lorraine Kwok Tsuyoshi Onda Acknowledgments his report was written by Susheela Singh, Lisa San Francisco, and Fundación Oriéntame and TRemez, Gilda Sedgh, Lorraine Kwok and Tsuyoshi Fundación Educación para la Salud Reproductiva Onda—all of the Guttmacher Institute. It was (USA and Colombia); Ilana Dzuba, Gynuity (USA); edited by Jared Rosenberg; Michael Moran and Katy Footman, Marie Stopes International (UK); Kathleen Randall were responsible for production. Diana Greene Foster, University of California, San Francisco; Beth Fredrick, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg The authors thank the following Guttmacher School of Public Health (USA); Chimaroake colleagues for their comments and help in Izugbara, African Population and Health Research developing this report: Akinrinola Bankole, Sneha Centre (Kenya); Shireen Jejeebhoy, Independent Barot, Onikepe Owolabi, Ann Starrs and Gustavo Researcher (India); Katherine Mayall, Center for Suarez, for reviewing a draft of the report; Jonathan Reproductive Rights (USA); Ndola Prata, University Bearak, for invaluable assistance with data; Suzette of California, Berkeley; Mahesh Puri, Center for Audam and Mia Zolna, for data analysis; Alanna Research on Environment, Health and Population Galati, Rachel Jones, Elizabeth Nash and Anna Activities (Nepal); Mónica Roa, Independent Popinchalk, for providing follow-up data; and Alex Consultant (Colombia); Zeba Sathar, Population Arpaia for research support. They
    [Show full text]