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World Population Monitoring 2002 ST/ESA/SER.A/215 Department of Economic and Social Affairs Population Division WORLD POPULATION MONITORING 2002 REPRODUCTIVE RIGHTS AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH United Nations New York, 2004 The Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat is a vital interface between global policies in the economic, social and environmental spheres and national action. The Department works in three main interlinked areas: (i) it compiles, generates and analyses a wide range of economic, social and environmental data and information on which States Members of the United Nations draw to review common problems and to take stock of policy options; (ii) it facilitates the negotiations of Member States in many intergovernmental bodies on joint courses of action to address ongoing or emerging global challenges; and (iii) it advises interested Governments on the ways and means of translating policy frameworks developed in United Nations conferences and summits into programmes at the country level and, through technical assistance, helps build national capacities. NOTE The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The designations of “more developed regions” and “less developed regions” are intended for statistical convenience and do not necessarily express a judgment about the stage reached by a particular country or area in the development process. The term “country” as used in the text of this publication also refers, as appropriate, to territories or areas. The present report has been reproduced without formal editing. ST/ESA/SER.A/215 United Nations publication Sales No. E.02.XIII.14 ISBN 92-1-151369-3 Copyright © United Nations 2004 All rights reserved PREFACE The present report has been prepared in response to Economic and Social Council resolution 1995/55 of 28 July 1995, in which the Council endorsed the terms of reference and the topic-oriented and prioritized multi-year work programme proposed by the Commission on 1 Population and Development at its twenty-eighth session. According to the multi-year work programme, which was to serve as a framework for the assessment of the progress achieved in the implementation of the Programme of Action of the International Conference on Population 2 and Development, a new series of reports on a special set of themes would be prepared annually. 3 The Commission on Population and Development, in its decision 2000/1, decided that the special theme for the year 2002 should be “Reproductive rights and reproductive health, with special reference to human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS)”, which is the topic of the present report. This is the second report reviewing reproductive rights and reproductive health. The theme selected for 1996, “Reproductive rights and reproductive health, including population information, education and communication” was the topic of the first annual report.4 The report provides recent information on selected aspects of reproductive rights and reproductive health covering the following topics: entry into reproductive life; reproductive behaviour; family planning; abortion; maternal mortality and morbidity; sexually transmitted infections; human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS); and reproductive rights. The report also contains a set of annex tables providing data specific to reproductive rights and reproductive health. The report was prepared by the Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat. Acknowledgements are due to the various United Nations offices, regional commissions and specialized agencies that helped directly or indirectly in its preparation. In particular, chapters V and VI were prepared by the World Health Organization and chapter VII by the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS. Recognition and appreciation are also extended to Teresa Castro Martin of the Higher Council for Scientific Research, Madrid, for assisting with the substantive editing of the report. For further information, please contact the Director, Population Division, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, United Nations, New York, NY 10017, United States of America. NOTES 1See Official Records of the Economic and Social Council, 1995, Supplement No. 7 (E/1995/25), annexes I and II. 2Report of the International Conference on Population and Development, Cairo, 5-13 September 1994 (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.95.XIII.18), chap. I, resolution I, annex. 3See Official Records of the Economic and Social Council, 2000, Supplement No. 5 (E/2000/25), chap. I, sect. B. 4World Population Monitoring 1996: Selected Aspects of Reproductive Rights and Reproductive Health (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.97.XIII.5). v SOURCES, METHODS AND CLASSIFICATIONS Data on global and regional demographic trends used in the present report are taken from World Population Prospects: The 2000 Revision,1 the official United Nations publication of estimates and projections. Country data are taken from the same report, national sources or various United Nations sources, as appropriate. The population estimates and projections, which are prepared biennially by the Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat, provide the standard and consistent set of population figures that are used throughout the United Nations system as the basis for activities requiring population information. Population policy data are taken from the population policy databank maintained by the Population Division; Global Population Policy Database, 1999,2 and updates; and from Results of the Eighth United Nations Population Inquiry among Governments on Population and Development. 3 United Nations population estimates were made by collecting, evaluating and adjusting, as necessary, all available data for the period 1950-2000. For the period 2000-2050, figures are the result of projections from the year 2000. The countries and areas that are identified as statistical units by the Statistics Division of the United Nations Secretariat and covered by the estimates and projections are grouped geographically into six major areas: Africa; Asia; Europe; Latin America and the Caribbean; Northern America; and Oceania. Those major areas are further divided geographically into 21 regions. In addition, the regions are organized, for statistical convenience, into two general groups―more developed and less developed―on the basis of demographic and socio-economic characteristics. The less developed regions include all regions of Africa, Asia (excluding Japan), Latin America and the Caribbean, and Oceania (excluding Australia and New Zealand). The more developed regions include all other regions plus the three countries excluded from the less developed regions. Other regional groupings are used as appropriate to the subject matter. NOTES 1 World Population Prospects: The 2000 Revision, Vol. I, Comprehensive Tables (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.01.XIII.8, and corrigendum); vol. II, The Sex and Age Distribution of the World Population (Sales No. E.01.XIII, 9); and vol. III, Analytical Report (Sales No. E.01.XIII.20). 2 Global Population Policy Database, 1999. (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.00.XIII.5, and corrigendum). 3 Results of the Eighth United Nations Population Inquiry among Governments on Population and Development (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.01.XIII.2.). vi CONTENTS Page Preface ...................................................................................................................................................... v Sources, methods and classifications........................................................................................................ vi Explanatory notes ..................................................................................................................................... xi INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................................................ 1 Chapter I. ENTRY INTO REPRODUCTIVE LIFE ........................................................................................... 7 A. Puberty............................................................................................................................. 9 B. Initiation of sexual activity.............................................................................................. 9 C. Marriage .......................................................................................................................... 20 II. REPRODUCTIVE BEHAVIOUR ................................................................................................... 28 A. Fertility levels and trends................................................................................................ 28 B. Age patterns of fertility ................................................................................................... 32 C. Factors affecting fertility decline .................................................................................... 35 D. Adolescent childbearing.................................................................................................
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