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Smart Cities in Italia: Un'opportunità Nello

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Smart Cities in Italia: Un'opportunità Nello Smart Cities in Italia: un’opportunità nello spirito del Rinascimento per una nuova qualità della vita Smart Cities in Italia: un’opportunità nello spirito del Rinascimento per una nuova qualità della vita Ringraziamenti La presente ricerca è stata realizzata da The European House-Ambrosetti per conto di ABB. La ricerca si è avvalsa di un Comitato Guida composto da: - Barbara Frei (Amministratore Delegato ABB SpA e Mediterranean Region Manager) - Joan Busquets (Docente di Pianificazione Urbana e Design, Graduate School of Design, Università di Harvard) - David Gann (Vice Preside per la Ricerca e le Relazioni con le Aziende, Docente di Gestione dell’Innovazione e della Tecnologia, Imperial College Business School) - Paolo Borzatta (Senior Partner, The European House-Ambrosetti) Hanno contribuito ai lavori del Comitato Guida per conto di ABB: - Eliana Baruffi (Corporate Communications Manager Mediterranean Region) - Antonio De Bellis (Responsabile Smart Grids Mediterranean Region) Gruppo di Lavoro The European House-Ambrosetti: - Lorenzo Tavazzi (Direttore Area Scenari strategici) - Sara Lelli (Capo progetto) - Fabiola Gnocchi - Pietro Mininni - Vanessa Conti - Loredana Urso Hanno collaborato allo sviluppo delle analisi: - CERTeT-Università Bocconi - Fondazione EnergyLab - CRA – Customized Research & Analysis Smart Cities in Italia: un'opportunità nello spirito del Rinascimento per una nuova qualità della vita | 3 Si ringraziano per i contributi e i suggerimenti: - Mauro Annunziato (Coordinatore Smart Cities ed Ecoindustria – ENEA); - Mario Calderini (Consigliere del Ministro dell’Istruzione, Università e Ricerca per le politiche di ricerca e innovazione e Coordinatore del gruppo di lavoro “Smart Cities and Communities” – Cabina di regia per l’Agenda Digitale Italiana); - Corrado Clini (Ministro per l’Ambiente e il Territorio); - Graziano Delrio (Presidente – ANCI); - Marie Donnelly (Direttore responsabile per le fonti energetiche nuove e rinnovabili, l'efficienza energetica e l'innovazione, Direzione generale per l'Energia – Commissione Europea); - Andrea Di Palma (Segretario Generale – ADICONSUM Regionale Lazio); - Piero Fassino (Sindaco – Comune di Torino); - Giovanni Gorno Tempini (Amministratore Delegato – Cassa Depositi e Prestiti); - Guido Improta (Sottosegretario – Ministero delle Infrastrutture e dei Trasporti); - Stefano Laffi (Docente di Sociologia Urbana – Università Milano Bicocca); - Enzo Lavolta (Assessore all'Innovazione, Sviluppo e Sostenibilità ambientale – Città di Torino; Presidente Fondazione Torino Smart City); - Alessandro Leonardi (Responsabile Progetto “ Smart Cities” – Poste Italiane); - Carlo Mochi Sismondi (Presidente – Forum PA); - Ofelia Oliva (Segretario Nazionale – ADICONSUM); - Federico Pedrocchi (Responsabile Osservatorio Smart Cities SMAU-ANCI); - Gloria Piaggio (Coordinatore progetto “Genova Smart City” – Città di Genova); - Andrea Poggio (Vice Direttore Generale – Legambiente); - Carlo Rienzi (Presidente – CODACONS); - Guido Rivolta (Responsabile Comunicazione – Cassa Depositi e Prestiti); - Lanfranco Senn (Presidente - MM Metropolitana Milanese; Direttore CERTeT – Centro di Ricerca in Economia, Trasporti e Turismo – Università Bocconi); - Adolfo Spaziani (Direttore Generale – Federutility); - Cesare Trebeschi (Direttore per la Ricerca e Innovazione – CONFAPI); - Rosario Trefiletti (Presidente – Federconsumatori); - Valerio Zingarelli (Chief Technology Officer – EXPO 2015). I contenuti del presente rapporto sono di esclusiva responsabilità di The European House-Ambrosetti e possono non coincidere con le opinioni e i punti di vista delle persone intervistate. © ABB e The European House-Ambrosetti - 2012 4 | Smart Cities in Italia: un'opportunità nello spirito del Rinascimento per una nuova qualità della vita La ricerca può essere consultata online agli indirizzi www.abb.it e www.ambrosetti.eu Per un viaggio virtuale nel mondo dell'energia e dell'automazione. Smart Cities in Italia: un'opportunità nello spirito del Rinascimento per una nuova qualità della vita | 5 Indice La ricerca in sintesi Prefazione 10 La ricerca in 10 punti 12 Executive summary 17 Obiettivi e logiche del lavoro 17 Che cosa deve fare l’Italia per diventare più “smart” 18 Che cosa vuol dire essere “smart” 24 Quanto è “smart” oggi l’Italia e quanto potrà esserlo in futuro 28 PARTE PRIMA - Che cosa deve fare l’Italia per diventare più “smart” Capitolo 1 - La nostra visione di un Paese “smart” 33 Capitolo 2 - Le proposte per far diventare più “smart” il Paese 36 Proposta 1: Una strategia generale per l’Italia 37 Proposta 2: Governance della smartness 39 Proposta 3: Italian Smart City Innovation Partnership 43 Proposta 4: Premio “smartest city” basato su un modello condiviso 44 Proposta 5: Perfezionamento delle iniziative in essere 46 Proposta 6: Quick win a breve 48 Proposta 7: Aumento del 10% in 5 anni del tempo “realmente libero” degli Italiani 50 Capitolo 3 - Le resistenze da superare per la realizzazione delle proposte 53 Capitolo 4 - Il valore di un Paese “più smart” 54 Capitolo 5 - Come convincere il Paese: costruire il consenso e promuovere l’inclusione 59 Il percepito dell’opinione pubblica verso le smart city 59 Come e a chi comunicare 63 6 | Smart Cities in Italia: un'opportunità nello spirito del Rinascimento per una nuova qualità della vita PARTE SECONDA - Che cosa vuol dire essere “smart” Capitolo 1 - Smart city: che cosa sono 69 Origini ed evoluzione del concetto 69 Le caratterizzazioni oggi più diffuse 71 Il framework di riferimento: le iniziative di sistema per diffondere le smart city 73 Le esperienze di città “smart” nel mondo, secondo le interpretazioni in uso 80 Capitolo 2 - Il nostro concetto di smart city 85 Smart city in uno smart country 85 Visione e obiettivi della smart city 87 Capitolo 3 - Perché le smart city 90 Lo scenario di riferimento: i bisogni dell’epoca contemporanea resi critici dallo scenario evolutivo mondiale 90 Il contributo dell’innovazione tecnologica nella risposta ai bisogni 98 PARTE TERZA - Quanto è “smart” oggi l’Italia e quanto potrà esserlo in futuro Capitolo 1 - La “smartness” dei principali centri urbani in Italia 105 Il modello logico di riferimento 105 La graduatoria delle principali città italiane 108 Capitolo 2 - Uno sguardo al futuro 112 Le città italiane che potranno diventare “più smart” entro il 2030 112 Le principali leve di azione 115 Bibliografia e Webgrafia 120 Smart Cities in Italia: un'opportunità nello spirito del Rinascimento per una nuova qualità della vita | 7 La ricerca in sintesi - Prefazione - La ricerca in 10 punti - Executive summary 8 | Smart Cities in Italia: un'opportunità nello spirito del Rinascimento per una nuova qualità della vita Smart Cities in Italia: un'opportunità nello spirito del Rinascimento per una nuova qualità della vita | 9 Prefazione Interrogarci sull’opportunità che lo sviluppo di smart cities in Italia può rappresentare per il sistema Paese è stato il primo passo ispiratore di questa ricerca. Questa analisi ci ha portato a confrontarci con molteplici aspetti convergenti e strettamente correlati: trend e sviluppi tecnologici, aspettative sociali, interazione tra gli attori coinvolti, esperienze sviluppate all’estero, livello di informazione e coinvolgimento della popolazione, spinte verso uno sviluppo sostenibile della società, la rapidità con cui le trasformazioni stanno prendendo corpo. E il punto di partenza è stato quello di delineare, all’interno di un Comitato Guida ispirato e ispiratore, un profilo condiviso del concetto di smart city, mettendolo poi a confronto con l’opinione di attori qualificati e del pubblico. La visione su cui poggia questa analisi è un modello urbano che assicuri elevati standard di qualità della vita per la crescita personale e sociale delle persone e delle imprese, grazie all’ottimizzazione sostenibile di risorse e spazi. A nostro parere è necessario che il Paese colga l’opportunità smart cities come uno stimolo all’avvio di un percorso progettuale e sistematico verso un’evoluzione necessaria, dando un’impronta tutta Italiana a questo cammino che tenga conto delle identità culturali, delle dimensioni, delle vocazioni e delle caratteristiche peculiari delle nostre città. Partendo da una visione per il futuro del nostro Paese, che metta a fattor comune progetti politici, economici e sociali, è fondamentale che le Istituzioni si impegnino a delineare una strategia di medio e lungo periodo che crei le basi fondanti per l’evoluzione e il cambiamento. Penso all’identificazione di obiettivi, priorità, aree di intervento, metodi per il monitoraggio, ruoli e responsabilità degli attori coinvolti, direzioni tecnologiche e indicazione di standard. Tutto ciò a supporto di un piano economico che favorisca adeguati investimenti e, di conseguenza, una ricaduta positiva sul sistema Paese, in termini di occupazione e di commesse. A valle di questa strategia è necessario definire come governare questa evoluzione, garantendo stabilità di indirizzo e di governance. 10 | Smart Cities in Italia: un'opportunità nello spirito del Rinascimento per una nuova qualità della vita Il modello che crediamo possa sostenere questa visione non può che essere quindi ampiamente partecipativo: gli attori sono molteplici (sia nel pubblico che nel privato) e la loro interazione deve essere concertata e stimolata, creando sinergie che ottimizzino gli investimenti che già oggi sono messi in campo da diversi enti. Senza dimenticare che l’evoluzione delle nostre città verso un modello smart non può prescindere da un profondo cambiamento
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