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Concessions for free transport on City buses, trolleybuses and trams for all holders of an Olympic Card were granted by the Municipal transport authority. But the most difficult negotiations were those with the Ministry of Transport for the concession of a reduction on State Railways for travellers to Rome and from Rome to other sites of Olympic events. Unfortunately TABLE NO. 1. FREE TRIPS FOR OFFICIALS AND JOURNALISTS NUMBER OF GUESTS COUNTRIES TRIPS TOTAL 1958 1959 1960 France 2 10 10 20 Belgium 2 10 10 20 Spain 1 5 5 10 Greece 1 5 5 Austria 2 10 5 15 Tunisia 1 5 5 Holland 1 10 10 Switzerland 2 10 5 15 Kenya, Uganda, Tanganyika 1 10 10 U.S.A. 4 20 20 40 India 1 10 10 Israel 1 5 5 Germany 3 15 10 25 Ethiopia, Somalia, Sudan 1 10 10 Rhodesia 1 5 5 Brazil 1 10 10 Uruguay 1 5 5 Portugal 1 5 5 Canada 1 5 5 Venezuela 2 5 10 15 Argentine 1 10 10 Great Britain 2 20 20 Lebanon 1 5 5 Iran 1 5 5 South Africa 1 10 10 Libya 1 5 5 TOTALS 38 30 185 85 300 440 these negotiations were not wholly successful, although a reduction of 20%, valid for not more than two months within the period of 20th June-20th September, was granted to holders of the Olympic Card only. In this con- nection, mention must be made of reductions on the railways conceded by other Countries, i.e. Bulgaria 25 %, Portugal 20 %, Spain 25 %, and Turkey 25 %. The Italian shipping companies, i.e. Soc. Italia Adriatica, Lloyd Triestino, and Soc. Lauro also granted considerable reductions on the prices of return tickets for athletes in possession of an Olympic Card. No reduction was, how- ever, obtained from the air companies which, despite the increased tourist traffic resulting from the holding of the Olympic Games, refused to grant any facilities even to those participants in the Games in possession of an Olympic Card. Alitalia was the only exception to this rule, collaborating with the Or- ganizing Committee by the offer of its services and thus meriting the title of official carrier of the Games. In fact, despite the attitude adopted by the air companies, the Section, in September 1957, in agreement with Alitalia, C.I.T., and E.N.I.T. organized a series of free trips to Rome reserved to sports directors and journalists belonging to those countries with which Alitalia was linked by air, with the aim of allowing the very welcome guests, two years before the Games, to visit the works being undertaken. In the course of this period 38 trips took place, a total of 300 persons being transported. (Table No. 1). Badges and Uniforms. In February plans were made for badges for athletes, directors, judges, etc. and in March 1958 the coinage of the winners' medals and the commemor- ative medal was approved. Later, a plan for badges of 66 different types was also approved. (Table No. 2). This table shows that 12,341 badges were handed over. In the meantime a total of 16,276 commemorative medals were also distributed. Besides the badges of the various sports categories and the commemorative medals, the Section, at the beginning of 1960, decided on the types of uniforms which were distributed to officials and personnel of the Organizing Committee. Thus all the technical delegates, competition judges, and timekeepers chosen by the various International Sports Federations had a special uniform, identi- cal in all cases, with the exception of the different badge worn according to the sport practiced. The uniform was made up of grey tropical wool cloth consisting of: a single-breasted jacket with three buttons and patch-pockets; on the pocket of the jacket was applied the symbol of the Rome Olympic Gam- es for members of the Organizing Committee; trousers of the same material; white shirt; silk tie with the official badge of the Games; blue leather belt; white 441 TABLE NO. 2. BADGES DISTRIBUTED AS PER CATEGORY TYPE CATEGORY ATHLETES TECHNICIANS JUDGES TOTAL 1 International Olympic Committee 78 2 International Sports Federations 43 3 National Olympic Committees 274 4 Organizing Committee (Directors) 65 5 Organizing Committee (Officials) 106 6 Heads of Mission 66 7 Officials 796 8 Attaches 130 9 Health Service 248 10 Red Cross 57 11 Press 1,215 12 Radio and Television 301 13 Photofilm 96 14 Timekeepers 225 15 Official Guests and Various 649 16 17 18 Athletics 1,092 148 217 1,457 19 20 21 Football 300 36 43 379 22 23 24 Canoeing and Rowing 668 87 75 830 25 26 27 Cycling 313 46 35 394 28 29 30 Equestrian Sports 191 78 12 281 31 32 33 Gymnastics 261 44 74 379 34 35 36 Hockey 282 31 23 336 37 38 39 Wrestling 334 56 56 446 40 41 42 Basketball 226 36 28 290 43 44 45 Modern Pentathlon 81 16 8 105 46 47 48 Boxing 287 64 43 394 49 50 51 Fencing 397 74 67 538 52 53 54 Weight-lifting 196 43 27 266 55 56 57 Shooting 340 35 42 417 58 59 60 Yachting 328 20 36 384 61 62 63 Swimming 667 70 96 833 64 Japanese Mission 63 65 66 Various (Sports Technicians, Assi- stants to Jury, etc.) 200 TOTALS 5,963 884 882 12,341 442 socks; white and black shoes. Judges and timekeepers only were also provid- ed, when on competition sites in the open, with a transparent raincoat. The women also had a uniform made in the same cloth, styled like a " che- misier " dress with open pointed collar, with side pleats on the front of the The competition judges and timekeepers were also issued with a transparent rain- coat and, as can be seen in the photo, did not miss the occasion to put it on hurriedly during the unexpected shower in the afternoon of September 5th. bodice running from collar to waist. The badge was attached to the sleeves. The skirt was stitched to the bodice also with pleats all round and two side pockets hidden in the pleats. A belt and bag in black canvas with white leather ornamentation in front was also provided, the bag with white leather shoulder strap and fastening. 443 Here is a group of charming inter- preter-guides in their elegant uniforms made up in grey woollen fresco cloth. The young " usherettes " in uniform: bodice in grey cloth and white skirt. 444 The Insurance Policy. In accordance with the convention stipulated on 3rd February 1960 with the Organizing Committee, the National Institute of Insurance offered free of charge insurance coverage for athletes taking part in the Games as well as to officially accredited journalists, radio and TV commentators, for a total capi- tal outlay of 7,500,000,000 lire (Tables Nos. 3 and 4). TABLE NO. 3. PROGRESSIVE DAILY INSURANCE COVERAGE Journalists Journalists and Radio- and Radio DATE Athletes Total DATE Athletes Total commen- – commen- tators tators 28th July 5 – 5 21st August 2,861 790 3,651 29th " 5 – 5 22nd " 3,221 958 4,179 30th " 5 – 5 23rd " 3,887 1,131 5,018 31st " 5 – 5 24th " 4,418 1,315 5,733 1st August 5 – 5 25th " 4,536 1,401 5,937 2nd " 11 – 11 26th " 4,884 1,401 6,285 3rd " 11 – 11 27th " 5,009 1,399 6,408 4th " 11 – 11 28th " 5,174 1,443 6,617 5th " 21 – 21 29th " 5,216 1,475 6,691 6th " 37 – 37 30th " 5,312 1,475 6,787 7th " 47 – 47 31st " 5,297 1,475 6,772 8th " 53 – 53 1st September 5,338 1,491 6,829 9th " 105 – 105 2nd " 5,229 1,526 6,825 10th " 129 – 129 3rd " 5,243 1,526 6,769 11th " 190 – 190 4th " 5,057 1,526 6,583 12th " 275 271 546 5th " 4,732 1,526 6,258 13th " 454 296 750 6th " 4,521 1,527 6,048 14th " 629 330 959 7th " 4,322 1,527 5,849 15th " 740 366 1,106 8th " 4,006 1,527 5,533 16th " 1,037 424 1,461 9th " 3,820 1,527 5,347 17th " 1,258 460 1,718 10th " 3,392 1,527 4,919 18th " 1,508 518 2,026 11th " 3,138 1,527 4,665 19th " 1,880 610 2,490 12th " 1,913 1,527 3,440 20th " 2,334 704 3,038 TOTAL (47 days) 111,351 (*)36,526 147,877 (*) Certain journalists left without warning and therefore remained insured until 12/9/1960. 445 Table No. 3 shows the progressive daily insurance coverage as per the number of persons insured. Table No. 4 shows distribution as per nationality of insured persons and total coverage in days and number. Thus, as already indicated in the chapter on " The Carrying Out of the Task ", the Policy was perfected and called the " Rome Olympic Games Poli- cy ", assuring a capital of 1 million lire in case of death only. The validity of the policy was established for the whole period in which the individual athletes 446 participating and the officially accredited journalists came under the admini- strative jurisdiction of the organization of the Games. The Policy was claimed and put into effect in only one case, on the occas- ion of the sad death of the Danish cyclist Knud Enemark-Jensen. The insured capital of 1 million lire was paid out ten days after the unfortunate event, on 5th September at 11 a.m.

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