What’s

® The Cultural Landscape Foundation ™ Out There connecting people to places tclf.org San Francisco Bay Area San Francisco Bay Area

Welcome to What’s Out There® San Francisco The guidebook is a complement to TCLF’s digital What’s Out Bay Area, organized by The Cultural Landscape There San Francisco Bay Area Guide (tclf.org/san-francisco), Foundation (TCLF) and a committee of local experts. an interactive online platform that includes the enclosed site profiles plus many others, as well as overarching narratives, This guidebook provides photographs and details of 35 maps, historic photographs, and designers’ biographical examples of the region’s rich cultural landscape legacy. Its profiles. The guide is the sixteenth such online compendium publication is timed to coincide with the launch of What’s of urban landscapes, dovetailing with TCLF’s web-based Out There Weekend San Francisco Bay Area, September What’s Out There, the nation’s most comprehensive searchable 14-15, 2019, a weekend of free, expert-led tours. database of historic designed landscapes. Profusely illustrated First settled by indigenous peoples and later by Spanish and carefully vetted, the searchable database currently features colonists, the Bay Area saw relatively modest growth until the more than 2,000 sites, 12,000 images, and 1,100 designer Photo courtesy Golden Gate National Parks Conservancy 1848 California Gold Rush and railroad connections irrevocably profiles. The database has been optimized for mobile devices transformed once-isolated communities into bustling, multi- and includes What’s Nearby, a GPS-enabled feature that ethnic commercial centers. At the turn of the century, the locates all landscapes within a given distance, customizable by aspirations for making San Francisco the ‘Paris of the Pacific’ mileage or walking time. were thwarted by the 1906 earthquake. Displaying a unique resilience, the city was able to rebuild in time to host the A special word of thanks is owed to the many photographers Panama-Pacific International Exposition in 1915. Despite the who generously contributed their work to the guidebook and uncertainties of the Great Depression, the city oversaw the online guide. Committee chairs René Bihan and Alexis Woods construction of both the Golden Gate and San Francisco-Oakland provided invaluable, intimate knowledge of local landscapes Bridges, connecting the Bay Area’s various communities. In the and the landscape architecture community. We are likewise postwar years, a lengthy period of controversial urban renewal grateful to the site owners, stewards, volunteers, financial resulted in the rehabilitation of downtown districts, as well as the supporters, and other friends of TCLF who made the guidebook erasure of established communities. The Cultural Landscape Foundation (TCLF) and tours possible. We also appreciate your interest in What’s TCLF is a 501(c)(3) non-profit founded in 1998 to connect people to The landscape of the Bay Area is a many-layered palimpsest, Out There San Francisco Bay Area and hope you will enjoy places. TCLF educates and engages the public to make our shared with contemporary designs existing side by side with experiencing the region’s unique and valuable landscape legacy. landscape heritage more visible, identify its value, and empower its nineteenth-century defensive fortifications. Following stewards. Through its website, publishing, lectures and other events, World War II, the region was a testing ground for Modernist Sincerely, TCLF broadens support and understanding for cultural landscapes. landscape architects to experiment with new design tclf.org typologies. From Osmundson & Staley’s Kaiser Center Roof Garden, and Lawrence Halprin’s United Nations Plaza, to more recent work at Salesforce Park, the legacy of design Charles A. Birnbaum, FASLA, FAAR innovation continues today. PRESIDENT AND CEO, THE CULTURAL LANDSCAPE FOUNDATION

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S Win S d L W Hamilton Ave A C R Prospect Rd on Ave v a t e n il Hamilton Ave Bue m a a Ave rb H Ye Saratoga Campbell Curtner Embarcadero Market Street & Steuart Street, San Francisco Market Street & Steuart Street, San Francisco Embarcadero Embarcadero - Justin Herman Plaza

Photo by Eric Sonstroem This four-acre brick plaza, reminiscent of an Italian piazza, is located at the eastern terminus of Market Street, the city’s major boulevard. It was completed in 1972, designed by landscape architect Lawrence Halprin along with Mario Ciampi and Associates and Landscape Type: Plaza John Bolles & Associates. In a notebook entry in 1966, Halprin explained that the plaza “was conceived as a total environment in which all the elements working together create a Landscape Style: place for participation.” Modernist Adjacent to the waterfront, the plaza was built in the shadow of the elevated, stacked Embarcadero Freeway. The focal point of the plaza is a 40-foot-high concrete fountain, Designed By: intentionally placed off-axis with Market Street. Named Québec Libre! by its sculptor, Lawrence Halprin Armand Vaillancourt, the fountain is composed of rectangular steel and concrete arms Lawrence Halprin & Associates that bend and twist, creating a grotto behind the waterfall where visitors can interact Don Carter Mario Ciampi and Associates by moving under and through the structure. Water cascades, sprays, pours, and seeps John Bolles & Associates from multiple sources in the fountain, which was conceived to counter noise from the Armand Vaillancourt adjacent highway. The Embarcadero Freeway was demolished after the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, allowing the site to open up and enabling redevelopment all along Related Landscapes: the Embarcadero. Renamed Justin Herman Plaza for city planner M. Justin Herman Golden Gateway who spearheaded the area’s redevelopment, the space continues to serve as a gathering place, hosting a variety of activities and an open-air skating rink during the winter months. Photo by Christina Dikas Photo by Charles A. Birnbaum Photo by Christina Dikas

6 The Cultural Landscape Foundation www.tclf.org 7 Embarcadero 1 Telegraph Hill Boulevard, San Francisco 1 Telegraph Hill Boulevard, San Francisco Embarcadero

Pioneer Park

Photo by Chensiyuan To celebrate the centennial of the United States, George Hearst and other civic leaders purchased four steep lots, donating them to the city as Pioneer Park in 1876. Inspired by the Cliff House at Lands End, developer Frederick Layman built a funicular on Greenwich Street in 1884 that ran to a large entertainment pavilion, called the German Castle (destroyed in the early 1900s), on the hilltop. In his 1905 plan, Daniel Burnham Landscape Type: recommended two large terraces, a tower, and a Capitoline Hill-style staircase for the park. Public Park Improvements by architect Albert Lansburgh in 1923 created the first paved roadway, along Neighborhood Park with stepped terraces and an esplanade. The most prominent feature is the 210-foot-tall Commemorative Landscape Art Deco Coit Memorial Tower, designed by Arthur Brown, Jr., dating from 1933. During the 1930s the Works Progress Administration constructed rubble walls and sidewalks, and Designed By: planted cypress, pine, and tea trees. In 1995 the park underwent a series of improvement Daniel H. Burnham projects that rebuilt stairways, provided handicap access, and remediated erosion. Albert Lansburgh Works Progress Administration Most of the five-acre park is a steep, tree-covered hillside. The summit is accessed by the Greenwich Steps and the Filbert Street Stairs, which ascend the eastern slope, and by the winding Telegraph Hill Boulevard that culminates in a roundabout at the summit. Well known for its many fresco paintings completed in 1934 in the Social Realism style by the Public Works of Art Project, the tower culminates in a two-story observation deck with panoramic views of the bay. Coit Memorial Tower was listed in the National Register of Historic Places in 2008. Photo courtesy Wikimedia Commons Photo by Alexis Woods Photo by Alexis Woods

8 The Cultural Landscape Foundation www.tclf.org 9 Embarcadero Filbert Street & Sansome Street, San Francisco Davis Court, San Francisco Embarcadero

Levi's Plaza Golden Gateway

Intended as a campus for Levi Strauss, Inc., for its workers to have lunch and relax, Begun in the 1960s on the site of a former wholesale produce market, this ten-acre Landscape Type: as well as to provide open space for the local Embarcadero community, the park was redevelopment project created shops, office space, 1,400 housing units, and a series Postwar Planned Community Landscape Type: dedicated on April 8, 1982, to “the employees of Levi Strauss.” Conceived as two of linked second-level plazas separated from traffic. It was designed by landscape Plaza Landscape Style: distinct entities, Halprin’s design included a paved plaza enclosed by four- to ten- architects Sasaki, Walker and Associates in conjunction with architects Wurster, Public Park Modernist story buildings (by architects HOK and Gensler + Associates); and, to the east of the Bernardi & Emmons and DeMars and Reay. Completed in 1967, the residential project, plaza, a pastoral park, with a series of cascading waterfalls and a meandering stream. Golden Gateway Center, occupies the development’s northern side. It consists of two Landscape Style: Designed By: Surprisingly, although the park is situated along the heavily trafficked Embarcadero, it Modernist 22-story buildings, two 25-story buildings, and 58 townhouses. The high-rise towers are Sasaki, Walker and Associates is quiet and calm, sheltered by a hedge along the eastern boundary, with grassy knolls, constructed over garages covered by plazas connected by pedestrian bridges. Wurster, Bernardi & Emmons mature canopy trees, and meandering paths giving it a sense of seclusion. Designed By: The 24-story Alcoa building, completed in November 1967, contains approximately William Wurster Lawrence Halprin In the plaza, a focal-point fountain incorporates a hulking piece of carnelian granite at 400,000 square feet of office space. One Maritime Plaza, a two-acre landscaped space DeMars and Reay Lawrence Halprin & Associates its center, personally selected by Halprin during his research on the Franklin Delano surrounding the Alcoa building, was dedicated for public use in 1968. The plaza is Lawrence Halprin HOK Lawrence Halprin & Associates Roosevelt Memorial in Washington, D.C. The granite for both projects was supplied connected to Golden Gateway Center and Embarcadero Center by pedestrian bridges. Gensler + Associates by the same quarry. Until 2003 Halprin’s office was located adjacent to the park, on The Embarcadero Center, on the south side of the development, includes four office Related Landscapes: Battery Street, and during this time Halprin consulted on all aspects of the park’s towers built between 1968 and 1983, as well as later commercial development west Embarcadero - Justin Herman Plaza design and management. of the original site and east to the waterfront. Justin Herman Plaza, also known as One Maritime Plaza Embarcadero Plaza, includes more than twelve acres of open space and a signature Sydney G. Walton Park fountain designed by Lawrence Halprin. The two-acre Sydney Walton Square is situated at the center of the development. Photo by Charles A. Birnbaum Photo by Charles A. Birnbaum Photo by Marion Brenner Photo by Sara Lu and Fabiola Lozoya Photo by Charles A. Birnbaum Photo by Charles A. Birnbaum

10 The Cultural Landscape Foundation www.tclf.org 11 Embarcadero Pacific Avenue & Front Street, San Francisco 300 Clay Street, San Francisco Embarcadero

Sydney G. Walton Square One Maritime Plaza

Landscape Type: In 1960 Sasaki, Walker and Associates joined the architectural firms of Wurster, Bernardi Part of the Golden Gateway development project, this roof garden plaza was designed Landscape Type: Public Park & Emmons and DeMars and Reay in a competition to design the Golden Gateway, in 1967 by landscape architects Sasaki, Walker and Associates in conjunction with Plaza Greens / Commons / Squares an urban-renewal site for the Redevelopment Agency in downtown San Francisco. architects Skidmore, Owings & Merrill, who designed the Alcoa building, which the Roof Garden Conceived as a city within a city, the ten-acre Golden Gateway utilizes pedestrian-friendly plaza surrounds. The intent of the formal plan for the garden squares, built on top of Landscape Style: plazas, staircases, and courtyards as respite from the urban environment. parallel, two-story parking garages, was to create the effect of an outdoor sculpture Landscape Style: Modernist Modernist The two-acre site for Sydney G. Walton Square was designed by Peter Walker to suggest museum around the base of the Alcoa building. Major artworks are by Marino Marini, Henry Moore, Charles Perry, and Jan Peter Stern; the fountain was designed by Designed By: an alpine meadow, with the park itself an open green and “mountains” represented by Designed By: Robert Woodward. Sasaki, Walker and Associates the surrounding high-rise buildings and townhouses. Open stairways connect to the Sasaki, Walker and Associates Peter Walker elevated townhouses and courtyards of the Davis Court area of the development. The Situated on both sides of the office tower, rectilinear lawn panels are divided by wide Skidmore, Owings & Merrill Wurster, Bernardi & Emmons park’s landscape includes open expanses of lawn separated by curvilinear, concrete concrete paths. The centerpiece of each side is a sleek one-story building of glass and Robert Woodward William Wurster paths, groves of pines, willows, and poplars, an old masonry arch covered with ivy, brick, used as a restaurant and bank, respectively. The east side of the plaza includes Marino Marini DeMars and Reay and a sculptural fountain. Berms around the perimeter of the site buffer the park from Woodward’s signature fountain aligned with the Alcoa building’s main entrance, while Henry Moore Francois Stahly the surrounding streets; along the street, deciduous trees with raised, square benches the west side has a more heavily vegetated western edge along Battery Street. The Charles Perry Jan Peter Stern provide seating and shade. The Golden Gateway developers were required to set aside plaza is connected with Embarcadero Center and Golden Gateway Center via elevated Related Landscapes: $1 million for public art, and the Fountain of Four Seasons, a cast-bronze sculpture by pedestrian bridges. Golden Gateway Related Landscapes: Francois Stahly, is the centerpiece of the park, which is a popular lunchtime gathering Golden Gateway place for people working in the nearby Financial District. All photos this page by Charles A. Birnbaum All photos this page by Courtney Spearman

12 The Cultural Landscape Foundation www.tclf.org 13 Fisherman's Wharf 900 North Point Street, San Francisco 900 North Point Street, San Francisco Fisherman's Wharf

Ghirardelli Square

Photo © David Lloyd/SWA The Ghirardelli Chocolate Company complex was built in the late 1890s by Domingo Ghirardelli. The complex served as the company headquarters until 1962, when Landscape Type: civic leader William Roth purchased the buildings. He engaged Lawrence Halprin & Plaza Associates and architects Wurster, Bernardi & Emmons to redevelop the one-block Roof Garden site. Opened in 1964, this adaptive re-use project created a novel urban shopping and dining experience. Halprin termed the reuse of the buildings “Recycling” and Landscape Style: conceived of the shopping center as “the Beehive of Activity.” Built before the passage Modernist of the National Historic Preservation Act in 1966, this concept became a model for other repurposed sites across the country. The design retained the original signage and Designed By: repurposed the red-brick factory buildings and other structures, including the 1915 Lawrence Halprin French Gothic Clock Tower. Steps and ramps choreograph movement over the hilly site, Lawrence Halprin & Associates Wurster, Bernardi & Emmons linking the restaurants, shops, and tree-shaded terraces. These spaces were designed William Wurster to be active outdoor rooms used for festivals and programmed entertainment with Jean Walton remarkable views over San Francisco Bay. New elements included the Wurster building, Don Carter an innovative underground parking garage by Halprin, and site-specific lighting, Nicholas Quennell furnishings, and fountains. In 1982 new paving, graphics, and a staircase were added. Ruth Asawa The property, an early and successful example of historic preservation, was listed in the National Register of Historic Places that same year. Photo © David Lloyd/SWA Photo by Michael Fraley Photo © David Lloyd/SWA

14 The Cultural Landscape Foundation www.tclf.org 15 Fisherman's Wharf Bay Street & Laguna Street, San Francisco Bay Street & Laguna Street, San Francisco Fisherman's Wharf

Fort Mason

Photo courtesy FMC Situated on 68.5 acres overlooking San Francisco Bay, Fort Mason is defined by two distinct areas: Upper Fort Mason and Lower Fort Mason. The rocky spit of land was first occupied as a Spanish military installation in the late 1700s; the U.S. Army established Landscape Type: the U.S. Military Installation at Point San Jose, also known as Black Point, in 1850. Institutional Grounds Renamed Fort Mason in 1882, the site was one of two maritime military defense posts for Cultural Institution the city. In 1910 it became the headquarters for the San Francisco Port of Embarkation, Military Institution where army personnel and supplies were filtered to and from Hawaii, Alaska, and the Public Park Pacific. The piers and warehouses were designed by Rankin, Kellogg and Crane in the National Park Mission Revival style. In 1915 vacant land was used to host part of the Panama-Pacific International Exposition. After a development peak during World War II, the Port of Designed By: Rankin, Kellogg and Crane Embarkation ceased operations in 1963. Control of Fort Mason was transferred to the West 8 Urban Design and National Park Service in 1972, which led to a 1978 master plan for Upper Fort Mason by Landscape Architecture Royston, Hanamoto, Beck and Abey. Consequently, the Great Meadow was turned into Royston, Hanamoto, Beck gently sloping open space. In that same period, the Fort Mason Center opened, and the and Abey site became part of the Golden Gate National Recreation Area. In 2012 a competition- winning conceptual plan by West 8 aimed to make the Fort Mason Center a cultural destination. Fort Mason was listed in the National Register of Historic Places in 1972, with Lower Fort Mason designated a National Historic Landmark in 1985. Photo by Patrick Nouhailler Photo by Patrick Nouhailler Photo by Nick Amoscato

16 The Cultural Landscape Foundation www.tclf.org 17 Fisherman's Wharf Polk Street & Beach Street, San Francisco Jefferson Street, San Francisco Fisherman's Wharf San Francisco Maritime National Historical Park Jefferson Street

Bookended by Fort Mason and Fisherman’s Wharf, this waterfront park has been a favorite Originally laid out as Bay Street by surveyor William Eddy in 1849, this half-mile-long recreational spot since the Civil War. Although plans were unsuccessfully proposed by stretch serves as the main thoroughfare of the historic Fisherman’s Wharf neighborhood. As Frederick Law Olmsted, Sr., in 1866 and Daniel Burnham in 1905, ultimately citizen the population greatly increased in the wake of the California Gold Rush, the street became advocacy led to the park’s development in the 1920s. Aquatic Park Pier (initially Municipal a marketplace and transport hub for fish products, largely run by Italian immigrants. During Landscape Type: Pier) was completed in 1934, incorporating an innovative baffle system to protect the cove the 1970s, as it became a major tourist destination, the street was increasingly used by Public Park for recreation. Running a quarter mile halfway around the cove, the arcing, 60-foot-wide pier pedestrians. Originally a single lane with narrow sidewalks, over time the street evolved into National Park continues to provide exceptional views of San Francisco Bay. In 1935 the Works Progress a one-way thoroughfare focused on vehicles at the expense of pedestrians and bicyclists. Administration constructed a stepped sea wall and graded the shoreline. The park’s In the 2010s, the city, in collaboration with ROMA Design Group, enlarged the sidewalks Designed By: Designed By: bathhouse, stadia overlooking the water, two speaker towers, and curved beach and pier and improved the public right-of-way to increase room for bicycles. Running from Powell William Eddy Works Progress Administration were designed by William Mooser and his son William Mooser, Jr., in the Art Deco style. The Street to the San Francisco Maritime National Park, Jefferson Street is a two-lane roadway San Francisco Public Works William Mooser structures were complemented by a curvilinear planting bed and open lawns designed by lined by London plane trees, contemporary streetlamps, fifteen-foot-wide sidewalks, and ROMA Design Group William Mooser, Jr. engineer John Punnett in 1937. Following the park’s military occupation during World War repurposed, turn-of-the-century warehouses and factories, along with tourist attractions. John Punnett Thomas Dolliver Church II, the San Francisco Maritime Museum opened in the former bathhouse building in 1951. Clear views of the marina and bay can be enjoyed between Taylor Street and Jones Street. Emmett Blanchfield In 1962 the construction of Victorian Park, east of the bathhouse, incorporated designs As part of the project, sections of the asphalt roadway were replaced by light and dark by Thomas Church, including historically referential cobblestone paths and ornamental striped pavement designed to slow vehicles. Sharing the roadway from the Embarcadero to ironworks. Located within the Aquatic Park National Historic Landmark District, Aquatic Jones Street is the brick-paved F Market Wharves trolley line, opened in 1995. Within the Park was listed in the National Register of Historic Places in 1984 and was designated a Maritime National Park, the street is framed to the west and south by the park’s waterfront National Historic Landmark in 1987. The San Francisco Maritime National Historical Park promenade and Victorian Park. The street continues to the west beyond Fort Mason in two was created in 1988 as a separate administrative unit of the National Park Service. short sections before terminating at the Palace of Fine Arts. Photo courtesy PX Here Photo by David Broad Photo by Daderot Photo courtesy Wikimedia Commons Photo by Allie Caulfield Photo by Patrick Nouhailler

18 The Cultural Landscape Foundation www.tclf.org 19 Downtown 335 McAllister Street, San Francisco 335 McAllister Street, San Francisco Downtown

Civic Center Plaza

Photo by Bruce Damonte Devastated by the 1906 earthquake, San Francisco’s City Hall was rebuilt to prepare Landscape Type: for the 1915 Panama-Pacific International Exposition. A commission comprising John Institutional Grounds Howard, Frederick Meyer, and John Reid, Jr., established a Beaux-Arts central plaza with Cultural Institution long, axial views surrounded by classical buildings, including a city hall, state building, Governmental Institution or Facility public library, opera house, theater, and exposition hall. The exposition hall and plaza were Plaza constructed by 1915, while the other buildings were added over the next two decades. Landscape Style: The city’s cultural and administrative center, the plaza has been redesigned several times Beaux-Arts / Neoclassical with involvement from well-known landscape architects. In 1936 Thomas Church created Designed By: the War Memorial Court, situated between the theater and opera house. From 1956 to John Galen Howard 1958, Brooks Exhibition Hall and the adjacent parking structure were designed by Wurster, John Reid, Jr. Bernardi & Emmons in collaboration with Skidmore, Owings & Merrill. The team included Frederick Meyer landscape architect Douglas Baylis, who also redesigned the plaza in the Modernist style, Douglas Baylis creating a planting plan with rows of pollarded London plane and olive trees, the latter Thomas Dolliver Church removed in 1998. In 1975 Lawrence Halprin, along with the architectural firms Mario Lawrence Halprin & Associates Ciampi and Associates and John Carl Warnecke & Associates, created the United Nations Mario Ciampi and Associates Plaza on the site’s eastern edge. The Helen Diller Playgrounds, designed by Andrea John Carl Warnecke & Associates Cochran Landscape Architecture in partnership with The Trust for Public Land, opened in Wurster, Bernardi & Emmons 2018. The Civic Center was listed in the National Register of Historic Places in 1978 and Skidmore, Owings & Merrill was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1987. Andrea Cochran Landscape Architecture Photo by Alexis Woods Photo by Bruce Damonte Photo by Christina Dikas

20 The Cultural Landscape Foundation www.tclf.org 21 Downtown Fulton Street & Hyde Street, San Francisco Fulton Street & Hyde Street, San Francisco Downtown

United Nations Plaza

Photo by Christina Dikas Landscape Type: Located on Market Street at the eastern edge of the city’s Civic Center complex, the Plaza 2.5-acre pedestrian space was created by closing Fulton Street at Hyde Street. It was built at the time of the Market Street Reconstruction Project in conjunction with the Landscape Style: underground BART system and station on the site.The asymmetrical, red-brick plaza Modernist was designed by Lawrence Halprin, along with architects Mario Ciampi and Associates, and John Carl Warnecke & Associates, in 1975 to commemorate the signing of the Designed By: 1945 United Nations Charter in the nearby Veterans Building. Halprin conceived of Lawrence Halprin the plaza as a dynamic, active, public space connected physically and visually to the Lawrence Halprin & Associates Mario Ciampi and Associates Civic Center and to Market Street, the spine of the city. At the western end of the plaza John Carl Warnecke & Associates are tree-shaded columns inscribed with the names of the United Nations member countries, and an equestrian statue of Simón Bolívar, a gift from the government of Related Landscapes: Venezuela to the city of San Francisco. On the eastern side the focus is a sunken Market Street sculptural fountain formed by asymmetrical, stacked granite blocks and animated with Civic Center Plaza arcing water jets. After years of decline and following consultation with Halprin, the fountain was refurbished and rededicated in 1995, the 50th anniversary of the signing of the Charter. The plaza is home to a popular farmer’s market several days a week. All photos this page by Charles A. Birnbaum

22 The Cultural Landscape Foundation www.tclf.org 23 South of Market 425 Mission Street, San Francisco 425 Mission Street, San Francisco South of Market

Salesforce Park

Photo courtesy PWP Landscape Architecture Opened in 2018, this 5.4-acre, four-block-long rooftop park by PWP Landscape Architecture sits above the Salesforce Transit Center, designed by Pelli Clarke Pelli Architects. The multi-functional park serves a dense downtown neighborhood. Defined by a central axis, it is divided into distinct but interconnected spaces linked by tree-lined, curvilinear perimeter paths. Situated 70 feet above street level between high-rise buildings, the park contains some 16,000 plants, 600 trees, and thirteen thematic gardens, including prehistoric, fog, Landscape Type: redwood forest, palm, wetland, and desert gardens. Plantings were selected for both their Public Park aesthetic and environmental value (e.g., to create habitat for threatened native plants and Neighborhood Park wildlife, and to absorb bus exhaust). Interpretive elements explain the utility of the planting Roof Garden design, aspects of the city’s climate, and the technology behind the unified sustainable design of the building and park. The ground level is imbued with upward momentum Designed By: through a series of oval openings that expand towards a 100-foot-wide, glass oculus. Two PWP Landscape Architecture Pelli Clarke Pelli Architects domed skylights, ringed by palm trees, also provide light to lower levels. The oval shape is repeated in the topography through a pair of sculpted mound areas that bookend the park and provide seating. Ending near an amphitheater lawn, the 1,200-foot-long Bus Jet Fountain by artist Ned Kahn, triggered by bus movement, runs along the park’s northern edge. Separated by a dense grove, a children’s area and an arrival plaza are each surfaced with distinct pavements. Two escalators emerge in the plaza, while a bridge to the Salesforce Tower, an aerial tram, and several direct-to-street elevators provide further access. Photo courtesy Salesforce Tower Photo courtesy PWP Landscape Architecture Photo courtesy Wikimedia Commons

24 The Cultural Landscape Foundation www.tclf.org 25 South of Market Jack London Alley & South Park Street, San Francisco Jack London Alley & South Park Street, San Francisco South of Market

South Park

Photo by Marion Brenner This one-acre public park in the South End Historic District is the oldest park in San Francisco. Conceived in 1852 by sugar and iron magnate George Gordon, the park was designed in the Picturesque tradition of John Nash’s Park Crescent in London. The site served as the centerpiece for an exclusive residential development of the same name, the Landscape Type: first planned community in the city. English architect George Goddard carried out Gordon’s Public Park vision beginning in 1854. The oval-shaped park was bounded by the city’s first paved streets Greens / Commons / Squares and sidewalks and encircled by two-story, Regency-style row houses. Enclosed by cast-iron railing, the oval was planted with hundreds of trees, shrubs, and flowers. A Dutch-style Landscape Style: windmill pumped water from a well. Following the creation of Second Street, which opened Postmodernist Rincon Hill to less-affluent residents, the city acquired the park in 1897, removing the railing and windmill and opening it to the public. Although heavily used by the surrounding Designed By: community, no major design interventions occurred for approximately a century. George Gordon Fletcher Studio The redesign of the park by Fletcher Studio in 2017 replaced two earlier play areas. The design interpreted the park’s stylistic origin, with a wide, meandering path composed of oblong concrete pavers winding the length of the grassy lawn, bordered by a series of curved seat walls. The path varies in width as it weaves from one side of the park to another, creating five separate lawns. The park’s most prominent feature is a large, sculptural play structure. Renovations included the replanting of the original perimeter ring of shade trees and the addition of native and drought-tolerant plantings. Photo by Marion Brenner Photo by Marion Brenner Photo by Scott Peoul

26 The Cultural Landscape Foundation www.tclf.org 27 Chinatown Leavenworth Street & Chestnut Street, San Francisco Leavenworth Street & Chestnut Street, San Francisco Chinatown

Fay Park

Photo by Charles A. Birnbaum Located on Russian Hill, this small public park was a private residence until 1998. The park surrounds the 1912 home built by brothers Luke Fay and John Fay, Jr., on property owned by the family since 1869. Luke’s daughter Mary lived there with her husband, Paul Berrigan, from 1953 until her passing in 1988. It was Mary’s wish to dedicate the property to the City of San Francisco for a public park, and upon the death Landscape Type: of her husband in 1998 it became known as Fay Park. Public Park Mary and Paul Berrigan hired Thomas Church to design the garden in 1957, which Neighborhood Park he featured in his 1969 publication Your Private World: A Study of Intimate Gardens as “Twin Gazebos in a Formal Garden.” Enclosed by a white wooden fence along Landscape Style: Colonial Revival Leavenworth Street, the garden is accessed through a simple wooden gate. Stairs and ramps connect different levels within the garden, with stacked-stone retaining walls Designed By: used to define planting beds filled with roses, ornamental shrubs and flowers, fruit trees, Thomas Dolliver Church and neatly trimmed boxwood hedges. Within the symmetrical scheme, the latticed gazebos act as focal points on the main terrace, with a central lawn panel and a white balustrade and benches overlooking the level below. The garden light fixture was once a street lamp in Copenhagen. Renovations were undertaken in 2005 to improve public access and restore elements of Church’s garden design. Photo by Charles A. Birnbaum Photo by Alexis Woods Photo by Alexis Woods Photo by Charles A. Birnbaum

28 The Cultural Landscape Foundation www.tclf.org 29 Chinatown 651 Lombard Street, San Francisco Arguello Boulevard & Clement Street, San Francisco Richmond

Joe DiMaggio Playground Clement Street

Built in 1910 on 2.5 acres of land in the densely populated North Beach neighborhood, This public street runs from Arguello Boulevard westward through the Richmond district the playground was one of the first constructed by the San Francisco Playground for three miles, ending on a hill at 45th Avenue just before Lands End. The street was built Commission. Formerly known as North Beach Playground, it was renamed in 1981 as part of the development of the Richmond district, previously sparsely populated terrain to honor famed baseball player Joe DiMaggio, who grew up playing softball in the known as the “Outside Lands,” a vast stretch of sand dunes beyond city limits. Eager for playground. An expanded play area designed by Lizzy Hirsch of San Francisco Public customers to reach his seaside attractions, including the Sutro Baths, Sutro Gardens, and Works opened in 2015, marking the end of a sixteen-year renovation project that Cliff House resort, Adolph Sutro underwrote an electric trolley line in 1896 that ran the length upgraded the pool complex and courts, increased permeable surfaces, and eliminated of Clement Street, catalyzing its development as a major commercial corridor. A new wave of Landscape Type: vehicles from a section of Mason Street to create a stepped pedestrian plaza bordering development followed the 1906 earthquake and fire, as refugees flooded into the area. After Playground the adjacent North Beach Library. World War II, Southeast Asian immigrants began moving to the district en masse, earning Landscape Type: it the name of “New Chinatown” among locals. Clement Street’s cultural diversity has long Vernacular Landscape Designed By: Opposite the library, elevated beds along the playground’s western edge are densely been a defining characteristic of its identity, with demographics shifting over the past century San Francisco Public Works planted with Mediterranean fan palms, king palms, and masses of drought-tolerant from predominantly Irish-American to Russian, Middle Eastern Jewish, and, later, Japanese, grasses and fescues. Lined by paths, a multi-level turf play area occupies the middle Chinese, Vietnamese, Korean, and Thai residents. of the park. The larger, lower level, featuring swings, sculptural play elements, and climbing structures, is connected to an upper terrace by a set of slides embedded in Clement Street was spared the widening that neighboring Geary Boulevard underwent in grass steps. Totaling half the acreage of the park, tennis courts and a multipurpose field the late 1940s, preserving the former’s pedestrian scale. A vibrant, two-way thoroughfare, sprawl across the block’s southeastern half. Additional amenities include a clubhouse the street is densely lined by two- and three-story, mixed-use buildings housing a variety of and indoor pool along Lombard Street, along with bocce courts tucked into the park’s locally owned restaurants, produce markets, shops, and community organizations. Examples northeast corner near a small grove of olive trees. of the Classical Revival, Mission Revival, and Italianate architectural styles that once dominated the neighborhood can still be seen, interspersed with twentieth-century buildings. All photos this page by Alexis Woods All photos this page by Alexis Woods

30 The Cultural Landscape Foundation www.tclf.org 31 Richmond 680 Point Lobos Avenue, San Francisco 680 Point Lobos Avenue, San Francisco Richmond

Lands End

Photo by Tom Fox Situated on San Francisco's rocky and windswept coast, the park is located at the northwestern edge of the city in the Golden Gate National Recreation Area. The site Landscape Type: has attracted visitors for centuries, from Native Americans collecting shellfish to Public Park tourists in the wake of the California Gold Rush. The Cliff House opened in 1863 and National Park was purchased by Adolph Sutro in the 1880s as part of a plan to develop the western Scenic Reservation headlands into a major recreation area. By the late 1890s, the area included the Cliff Landscape Style: House, the Sutro Baths, Sutro Heights Park, numerous shops and restaurants, a Naturalistic or Cohesive carnival midway—Merrie Way—built for the 1894 California Midwinter International Exposition, and a steam train to carry the thousands of visitors from downtown to Designed By: Lands End. Major landslides stopped rail service in 1925, and the area began a slow Stephen Wheeler Landscape Architects decline. The Sutro Baths closed in the 1960s and was destroyed by fire in 1966. Fisher Development The National Park Service initiated planning for the area in the 1980s, with a final master plan for the Coastal Trail completed by the Golden Gate National Parks Related Landscapes: Sutro Baths Conservancy in 2005. Improvements to date include a promenade and trailhead at Sutro Heights Park Merrie Way, a half mile of accessible trail, and four scenic overlooks with 35 views stretching from Golden Gate Bridge, Marin Headlands, and Point Reyes to the Farallon Islands and the Pacific Ocean. All photos this page by Tom Fox

32 The Cultural Landscape Foundation www.tclf.org 33 Presidio Golden Gate Bridge, Coastal Trail, San Francisco Golden Gate Bridge, Coastal Trail, San Francisco Presidio Golden Gate Bridge Plaza, Pavilion, & Trail

Photo by Marion Brenner Formerly the site of a military outpost, this commemorative project featuring a new Landscape Type: pavilion, expanded plaza, and enhanced trail network was unveiled along the southern Public Park edge of the historic Golden Gate Bridge on its 75th anniversary in 2012. The Golden Gate National Park Bridge, Highway and Transportation District partnered with the Golden Gate National Plaza Parks Conservancy, the National Park Service, The Presidio Trust, and the City and County of San Francisco to complete these improvements. The goal was to pay tribute Designed By: Surfacedesign, Inc. to the bridge as a cultural icon, to provide a meaningful way for people to connect with Project Frog the bridge and each other, and to strengthen the connection between the bridge and the Jensen Architects national parks that frame it to the north (Marin Headlands) and south (Presidio). Golden Gate National Parks The 35,000-square-foot Bridge Pavilion, attributed to Project Frog and Jensen Conservancy Architects, flanks the plaza to the southeast and serves as a visitor center containing Golden Gate Bridge, Highway, and interpretive exhibits, rare photographs, and historic artifacts. Improvements also included Transportation District restoration of the 1938 Art Deco Round House, boasting 270-degree, panoramic views. National Park Service The Presidio Trust The centerpiece of the park, Golden Gate Bridge Plaza & Trails, was conceived by City & County of San Francisco Surfacedesign, Inc. While some historic features and plantings of the original plaza were retained, the new design expands the main gathering area over portions of old roadway, Related Landscapes: leading out to the statue of Joseph Strauss, the bridge’s engineer, and dropping down The Presidio to subsequent viewing terraces. Trail enhancements address safety and accessibility concerns and provide unique pathways for the park’s various users. Photo by Charles A. Birnbaum Photo by Charles A. Birnbaum Photo by Marion Brenner

34 The Cultural Landscape Foundation www.tclf.org 35 Presidio Mason Street & Marine Drive, San Francisco Mason Street & Marine Drive, San Francisco Presidio

Crissy Field

Photo by Tom Fox Landscape Type: This linear waterfront park along the northern shoreline of the Presidio was the result Public Park of extensive environmental reclamation by the National Park Service and Golden Gate National Park National Parks Conservancy, from 1998 to 2001. Once a saltwater estuary, the land Waterfront Development beneath the one-mile-long park was in-filled in 1912 to make room for a Grand Prix racetrack created for the 1915 Panama-Pacific International Exposition. After the exposition Landscape Style: closed in 1921, the site was converted into an airbase until 1936. The land, which had Postmodernist become a dumping ground for waste from the adjacent Presidio residential compound, became part of the Golden Gate National Recreation Area in 1972. In the mid-1980s, the Designed By: Hargreaves Associates Evelyn and Walter Haas, Jr. Fund supported a study to determine how to convert the land Fisher Development, Inc. into a public park. After the Presidio closed as an active army base in 1994, the National Project Frog Park Service hired Hargreaves Associates to lead the site's redesign. With support from CMG Landscape Architecture the Golden Gate National Parks Conservancy and more than 3,000 volunteers, hazardous Golden Gate National Parks waste and rubble were removed, an eighteen-acre portion of the tidal estuary was restored, Conservancy and a pedestrian promenade was constructed along the shoreline. Hargreaves' plan also National Park Service included a series of curvilinear earthen mounds, which add variation to the flat groundplane and programmed recreational areas. In 2009 the Crissy Field Center was relocated to Related Landscapes: accommodate construction of a new 1.5-mile-long Golden Gate Bridge approach, with The Presidio building design by Project Frog and landscape by CMG Landscape Architecture. Photo courtesy Hargreaves Associates Photo by Tom Fox Photo by Tom Fox

36 The Cultural Landscape Foundation www.tclf.org 37 Golden Gate Park 7 Hagiwara Tea Garden Drive, San Francisco 7 Hagiwara Tea Garden Drive, San Francisco Golden Gate Park Golden Gate Park Japanese Tea Garden

Photo by Alexis Woods The first public Japanese garden in the United States, this rustic stroll-garden was Landscape Type: constructed by Japanese immigrant and landscape designer Makoto Hagiwara. It Public Park originated as part of the 1894 California Midwinter International Exposition, but upon Neighborhood Park the exposition's closing, Hagiwara asked park superintendent John McLaren if the exhibit could become a permanent addition to Golden Gate Park as a gift to the city. Landscape Style: Hagiwara funded the garden construction himself, going to great lengths to procure art Japanese and exotic plant species from Japan. He was caretaker from 1895 until his death in Designed By: 1925, expanding the garden to five acres. The Hagiwara family lived in and maintained Makoto Hagiwara the garden until 1942, when they were forced into internment camps for the duration of John McLaren World War II. Nagao Sakurai The garden has since undergone several additions and renovations: the dry garden Kensuke Kawata designed by Nagao Sakurai in 1953, the rebuilding of the tea house and gift shop by R.G. Watanabe in 1959, and a hedge trimmed to resemble Mt. Fuji dedicated to Related Landscapes: Golden Gate Park Hagiwara in 1979. In 1985 supervisor Kensuke Kawata rebuilt and replaced the garden’s three gates, and the Long Bridge was added in 1988. Golden Gate Park, including the Japanese Tea Garden, was listed in the National Register of Historic Places in 2004. All photos this page by Alexis Woods

38 The Cultural Landscape Foundation www.tclf.org 39 Golden Gate Park Bowl Drive & Music Concourse Drive, San Francisco Bowl Drive & Music Concourse Drive, San Francisco Golden Gate Park

Music Concourse

Photo by Joe Mabel Created in 1893 for the California Midwinter International Exposition, the nine-acre space was designed as the fair’s Grand Court of Honor by civil engineer Michael O’Shaughnessy. After the exposition closed, John McLaren, superintendent of Golden Landscape Type: Plaza Gate Park, oversaw the conversion of the space into a public music venue. The plan included an outer carriage drive, pedestrian pathways and tunnels, and concrete Landscape Style: stairways to provide access to the sunken court. In 1998, landscape architecture firm Beaux-Arts / Neoclassical Royston, Hanamoto, Alley and Abey created a master plan for Golden Gate Park with a focus on the Music Concourse. Designed By: The Concourse is comprised of an oval plaza built along an axis running northwest Michael O’Shaughnessy to southeast. In 1899 the classically styled Spreckels Temple of Music, commonly John McLaren Royston, Hanamoto, Alley and Abey referred to as the Bandshell, was built as a venue for free concerts. A central asphalt path runs from the Bandshell, where rows of benches provide seating for concert Related Landscapes: viewers, to the Francis Scott Key Memorial, which sits atop a hillock to the northwest. Golden Gate Park Four smaller pathways bisect the central one, with fountains situated at the pathway junctures. A dense bosque of pollarded London plane and elm trees provide shade and structure for the space. More than fifteen sculptures and monuments punctuate the space, including the Goethe and Schiller monument and the Hearst Fountain and Staircase. The California Academy of Sciences sits to the east of the courtyard, and to the south is the de Young Museum. Photo by Jose Camões Silva Photo by Emmett Anderson Photo by Joe Mabel

40 The Cultural Landscape Foundation www.tclf.org 41 Golden Gate Park 50 Hagiwara Tea Garden Drive, San Francisco 50 Hagiwara Tea Garden Drive, San Francisco Golden Gate Park New de Young Museum Gardens

Photo © David Lloyd/SWA Founded as the Fine Arts Building within the California Midwinter International Exposition of 1894, the structure was subsequently converted into the Memorial Museum and renamed the M.H. de Young Memorial Museum in 1921. The institution suffered structural damage during the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, leading to its replacement in 2005. Landscape Type: Designed by the architecture firms Herzog & de Meuron and Fong & Chan Architects, the Institutional Grounds new de Young Museum had a reduced footprint, allowing two acres to be returned to the Cultural Institution park. A total of five acres surrounding the museum were converted into a series of distinct gardens designed by the landscape architecture firm Hood Design Studio. Connected by Designed By: a network of boardwalks, the gardens are planted with regional flora that complement the Hood Design Studio building’s copper, stone, and wood elements. The Marcus Garden, an interactive children’s Andrew (Andy) Goldsworthy space, integrates sphinx sculptures left from 1894 and the Pool of Enchantment, built in James Turrell 1917. At the opposite end of the museum, a minimalist terrace descends to the Barbro Herzog & de Meuron Osher Sculpture Garden, where contemporary artworks are interspersed among ginkgo Fong & Chan Architects biloba trees. Tucked into a grassy mound in the garden is Three Gems, a subterranean Related Landscapes: oculus, or “skyspace,” by James Turrell that makes visible ephemeral light conditions. Golden Gate Park The museum is entered through a diagonal lawn inset with rows of pavers and dotted with historic palm trees. Inserted into the building are open-air courts filled with eucalyptus trees and ferns, as well as a courtyard containing Drawn Stone by Andy Goldsworthy, a site- specific work inspired by the region’s fault lines and topography. All photos this page © David Lloyd/SWA

42 The Cultural Landscape Foundation www.tclf.org 43 Mission Bay Mission Bay, San Francisco Mission Bay, San Francisco Mission Bay

Mission Bay Public Spaces

Photo © David Lloyd/SWA Designed By: Long a repository for debris that buried the pre-existing wetland, the area was transformed AECOM into a shipyard and railyard before undergoing significant redevelopment beginning Andrea Cochran Landscape Architecture in 1998. While preserving historic piers along the bay, the new development included Antonia Bava Landscape Architects additional residential areas, a University of California, San Francisco, research campus, Bohlin Cywinski Jackson various corporate developments, and the reservation of 49 acres for public open space Cesar Pelli and waterfront access. Implemented in phases between 1998 and 2008, the Mission Bay Cliff Lowe Associates master plan was created by the Olin Partnership in collaboration with MFLA Marta Fry CMG Landscape Architecture Landscape Associates, EDAW, and Antonia Bava Landscape Architects. Mission Creek EDAW MANICA Architecture Park North’s paths, designed by MFLA in 1999, connect the neighborhood’s northwest MFLA Marta Fry Landscape Associates corner to a sequence of overlooks via an esplanade and bicycle trail. The Mission Bay Meyer + Silberberg campus of the University of California, San Francisco, comprises a series of academic Landscape Architects buildings and a medical center, as well as numerous open spaces designed from 1999 Olin Partnership onwards by PWP Landscape Architecture, AECOM, and Andrea Cochran Landscape PWP Landscape Architecture Architecture. Further work includes a set of parks opened in 2016: the 2.5-acre Mariposa Ricardo Legorreta Park by Wallace Roberts & Todd and the smaller Mission Bay Kids Park by Royston, Royston, Hanamoto, Alley and Abey Hanamoto, Alley and Abey. Along the neighborhood’s southeastern waterfront, the Chase Skidmore, Owings & Merrill Center is surrounded by a series of paved plazas designed by SWA Group. The park- SWA Group centered growth of Mission Bay has led to the resurgence of public space in adjacent The Office of Cheryl Barton Wallace Roberts & Todd areas, including Daggett Park (2016) by CMG Landscape Architecture. All photos this page © David Lloyd/SWA

44 The Cultural Landscape Foundation www.tclf.org 45 Mission Bay 16th Street & Daggett Street, San Francisco 16th Street & Daggett Street, San Francisco Mission Bay

Daggett Park

Photo by Bruce Damonte Designed in 2016 by CMG Landscape Architecture following a community engagement process, this 0.9-acre linear park was part of a larger redevelopment plan that sought to convert the city’s industrial sites into mixed-use, residential developments. Located on an underutilized right-of-way in the historic Dogpatch neighborhood, the park is framed on the north by a two-building apartment complex designed by architect David Baker. Separated by internal walkways, the site is segmented into three distinct areas: a dog park, an open lawn for events, and a flexible play area. A mid-block, twenty-foot-wide Landscape Type: passageway runs between the pair of apartment buildings, providing access to the park Public Park from nearby Hubbell Street. The sense of enclosure conveyed by the passageway is Vest Pocket Park reinforced within the park by rows of trees that buffer all four sides. At the southwestern Designed By: tip of the site, a small plaza containing Shadow Kingdom, a stainless-steel sculpture CMG Landscape Architecture by Adriane Colburn, opens out to the park via wide terraced steps. Several sculptural elements in the park double as both play and seating areas, including the so-called Tilted Lawn, with its low, curving, concrete wall set within gently sloping turf. North of the central lawn, an assemblage of wood and concrete columns of various heights, dubbed a ‘penta-step,’ rises up from a flat perimeter path. Running along the park’s eastern edge, a curbless thoroughfare accommodates both vehicular and pedestrian access, prioritizing the latter. All photos this page by Bruce Damonte

46 The Cultural Landscape Foundation www.tclf.org 47 Parkside Sloat Boulevard & 19th Avenue, San Francisco Sloat Boulevard & 19th Avenue, San Francisco Parkside

Sigmund Stern Grove

Photo by John Kokoska Dedicated in 1932 on fourteen acres of land given by Rosalie M. Stern in honor of her husband Sigmund, the outdoor concert venue is in the Sunset District in southwest San Landscape Type: Francisco. Soon after Stern’s donation, the city purchased 50 additional acres to the Amphitheater west, which became Pine Lake Park. The combined 64-acre rectilinear space is situated Depression Era Theater in a narrow natural basin, with the park on the west side and amphitheater to the east on Stern’s donated land, where the natural acoustics are well suited to the purpose. Landscape Style: Modernist The amphitheater was initially built by the Works Progress Administration (WPA) as a sloped meadow with low stone walls. By 1938 the free music events that Stern intended Designed By: had begun, and have since become a summer tradition. In decline until the early Works Progress Administration 2000s, both Pine Lane Park and Stern Grove are undergoing improvements based Lawrence Halprin on a ten-year plan. Between 1999 and 2005 landscape architect Lawrence Halprin Lawrence Halprin & Associates redesigned the amphitheater into a series of low grass terraces with boulders towards the front and stepped, granite seat walls that operate as benches farther up the hill. Related Landscapes: The benches and terraces provide seating for more than 4,000 people and mitigate Pine Lake Park the slippery slope, which had severely eroded in the WPA design. Inspired by ancient Greek theaters, the space is completely surrounded by the dense woodland of the park, creating a sense of enclosure and a backdrop for the venue’s diverse performances. Photo by Charles A. Birnbaum Photo by Caitlin Atkinson Photo by Daniel Ramirez

48 The Cultural Landscape Foundation www.tclf.org 49 Berkeley Greenwood Common Greenwood Common Berkeley

Greenwood Common

Photo by Gordon Osmundson Developed between 1952 and 1958 by architect William Wurster, the 2.5-acre residential enclave has a central, open green space and generous views across San Francisco Bay to the Golden Gate. Wurster envisioned a small cluster of ten private Landscape Type: Postwar Planned Community homes surrounding a central green, a concept that combined an idealistic sense of community with a Modernist aesthetic and an awareness of regional traditions. He Landscape Style: invited friends and colleagues from the University of California, Berkeley, to participate Modernist in the venture. The site design was carefully configured to provide privacy for every house and multiple points of entry for both pedestrians and vehicles. Designed By: In 1955 the owners hired Lawrence Halprin to provide an overall design for the central Lawrence Halprin green. His concept was based on the idea that the common area should operate as Lawrence Halprin & Associates William Wurster a functional community center rather than as a decorative piece. Halprin retained Wurster, Bernardi & Emmons the existing Monterey pines, added a plum allée, a central lawn, and native, low- Jean Walton maintenance plants. Each home also had its own private, fenced garden, four of which Joseph Esherick were designed by Halprin, one by Geraldine Knight Scott, and another by Burton Litton. Geraldine Knight Scott The two westernmost center lots were never developed, which allowed Greenwood Burton Litton Common to maintain the open view of San Francisco Bay shared by the owners of the homes. This private neighborhood was designated as a Berkeley landmark in 1990. Photo by Alexis Woods Booth Photo by Ted Booth Photo by Ted

50 The Cultural Landscape Foundation www.tclf.org 51 Berkeley South Drive & Sather Road South Drive & Sather Road Berkeley University of California at Berkeley

Photo by K Oliver Landscape Type: Established in 1858, the campus configuration represents three distinct design periods. The Campus original campus of California’s first federal land grant college was a 160-acre site; today the City Beautiful Campus university spans more than 1,200 acres. Already in California managing the Mariposa Estate gold mine, Frederick Law Olmsted, Sr., was asked to lay out the grounds of the new campus. Landscape Style: Inspired by Llewellyn Park in New Jersey, Olmsted’s 1866 “campus park” plan established Beaux-Arts / Neoclassical the east-west axis and laid out the approach to the wooded, sloped site. William Hammond Picturesque Hall, influenced by Olmsted’s Picturesque framework, created the first incarnation of U.C. Berkeley, characterized by sloping terrain traversed by Strawberry Creek, and impressive Designed By: Eckbo, Royston & Williams views of the Golden Gate. In 1901 John Galen Howard became the campus architect Frederick Law Olmsted, Sr. designing Beaux-Arts buildings that dominate the Classical core. Landscape gardener John John Galen Howard W. Gregg was instrumental in planting and horticulture at this time. Thomas Church’s 1962 John W. Gregg master plan and contribution to the long-range development plan helped guide campus Thomas Dolliver Church evolution for nearly 30 years. Church placed a priority on pedestrian circulation and sought William Hammond Hall to enhance the historic landscape features, while introducing a new layer of geometry onto the site. Several new Modernist buildings and plazas were constructed both before and after Related Landscapes: Church’s plan was implemented, including, in 1950, Dwinelle Plaza, attributed to Eckbo, Blake Garden Royston & Williams, and Wurster Hall, built for the newly formed College of Environmental Strawberry Canyon Design in 1965. The campus was listed in the National Register of Historic Places in 1981. Photo courtesy Wikimedia Commons Photo courtesy Wikimedia Commons Photo by Charles A. Birnbaum

52 The Cultural Landscape Foundation www.tclf.org 53 Marin County 30 Sir Francis Drake Boulevard, Ross Moore Road & Center Road, Sausalito Marin County

Marin Art & Garden Center Fort Baker & Cavallo Point

Originally built by James Ross, beginning in 1857, the Sunnyside estate passed through Situated immediately north of the Golden Gate Bridge within a sheltered cove protected several owners before being gutted by fire in the early 1930s. A subdivision plan in the by a breakwater, this 335-acre site was acquired by the U.S. Army in 1866 to fortify the Landscape Type: early 1940s prompted a group of conservation-minded women, led by Caroline Livermore, north side of the Golden Gate. The fort was more formally established between 1901 Institutional Grounds Landscape Type: to gather community support and acquire the eleven-acre property to create a center for and 1910, with the creation of a parade ground surrounded by 24 Colonial Revival-style Cultural Institution Institutional Grounds the arts and a “living memorial” to veterans and loved ones. Hired in 1947 to conduct buildings. In 1972 the fort became part of the Golden Gate National Recreation Area; Military Institution Cultural Institution a topographical survey, landscape architect Thomas Church produced an informal the Army continued active use of the site until 2002, when it was officially transferred Public Park master plan before local horticulturist Herman Hein took over as landscape designer. The to the park. Fort Baker was the ninth and final "post-to-park" conversion in the Golden National Park Landscape Style: Gate National Parks Plan. Modernist architectural firm Wurster, Bernardi & Emmons subsequently drafted another master plan, Designed By: which was never fully realized. The firm’s Russel Emmons did, however, design several Today the site consists of Horseshoe Bay and its jetty, now home to the Presidio Yacht Office of Cheryl Barton Designed By: buildings, including the Livermore Room (1957) and the Decorations Guild Building. In Club and Travis Sailing Center; a number of historic gun emplacements; and trails and Architectural Resources Group Thomas Dolliver Church 1956 landscape architect Robert Royston donated the design of a Modernist playground. forested areas climbing gently up from San Francisco Bay. The site's historic buildings LMS Architects Robert Royston Located at the base of a wooded slope, the site contains a collection of native and have been repurposed for a variety of institutions, including the Bay Area Discovery Nelson-Nygaard Eckbo, Royston & Williams ornamental trees, including large specimens from the nineteenth century, and a seasonal Museum and the Institute at the Golden Gate. Cavallo Point, which occupies 40 acres in Flack + Kurtz Wurster, Bernardi & Emmons stream. There are expansive lawns and various themed gardens, such as the Memory the center of the fort around the old parade ground, has been converted to a resort hotel URS Engineers Russel Emmons Garden, Habitat Garden, Edible Garden, and Rose Garden. Surviving elements from the and convention center. Designed using innovative stormwater management techniques WorldBuild estate period include a network of curving pathways and the Octagon House, originally by the Office of Cheryl Barton, the grounds incorporate restored coastal scrub habitat Golden Gate National Parks built in the 1860s. Encircling the property, a serpentine brick wall inspired by Thomas generated from native seed found on the site, open lawn edged with stone walls, and Conservancy Jefferson’s designs at the University of Virginia was added in 1969. small gathering areas discretely placed throughout the landscape. The property was listed in the National Register of Historic Places in 1973. All photos this page by Steve Kepple Photo by Tom Fox Photo by Tom Photo courtesy Golden Gate National Parks Conservancy Photo by Michal Venera

54 The Cultural Landscape Foundation www.tclf.org 55 Oakland 5000 MacArthur Boulevard 5000 MacArthur Boulevard Oakland

Mills College

Photo by Karen Fiene The Young Ladies’ Seminary was established in 1852 in the town of Benicia, California. Missionaries Cyrus and Susan Mills purchased that institution in 1865. Renamed Mills College, the school became the first women’s college on the West Coast after relocating to its present location in 1871. Cyrus Mills personally oversaw the campus’ forestation and Landscape Type: Campus the placement of key landscape features. From 1916 to 1949, architects Bernard Maybeck Quadrangle Plan and Walter Ratcliff developed Beaux-Arts master plans that expanded the campus to the west, with improvements to the grounds made by landscape architect Howard Gilkey and Landscape Style: botanist Howard McMinn. Nestled among sloping foothills, this 135-acre campus is edged Beaux-Arts / Neoclassical by dense plantings of eucalyptus, firs, and redwoods. The original core of the campus is centered around an oval lawn designed by Mills, and the 2.5-acre Holmgren Meadow, Designed By: separated by the French Second Empire Mills Halls (1871) and enclosed by historic Howard Gilkey structures, including the Greek Revival Lisser Hall (1901) and the Mission Revival El Cyrus Mills Campanil bell tower designed by architect Julia Morgan (1904). Beginning at the Wetmore Bernard Maybeck Gate and its adjacent circular reflecting pool, Kapiolani Road climbs some 90 feet to the Walter H. Ratcliff Mills College Art Museum. From the western entrance, Richards Road, framed by double Howard McMinn rows of London plane trees, intersects with Kapiolani Road to create strong axes that reflect Julia Morgan the early Beaux-Arts plan. To the west, clusters of Spanish Colonial Revival-style buildings surround gardens and courtyards designed by Gilkey. Other prominent features include the Postmodernist F.W. Olin Library-Lisser Hall Courtyard and Lake Aliso, dammed in 1888. All photos this page by Karen Fiene

56 The Cultural Landscape Foundation www.tclf.org 57 Oakland 300 Lakeside Drive 300 Lakeside Drive Oakland

Kaiser Center Roof Garden

Photo by Tom Fox Inspired by the rooftop garden at Rockefeller Center in New York City, industrialist Henry Kaiser hired the landscape architecture firm of Osmundson & Staley to design a garden atop the parking garage next to his company’s headquarters. Ted Osmundson negotiated Landscape Type: the contract and served as client liaison, while associate David Arbegast developed the Roof Garden landscape design. The City of Oakland Planning Commission granted the company several variances (existing height zoning, setback requirements, and permission to fill Landscape Style: a portion of Lake Merritt to expand the buildable site) in exchange for the creation of a Modernist significant landscape program. The result was that 90 percent of the land of the Kaiser Center is covered by buildings, while 60 percent of that same area is also landscaped. Designed By: David Arbegast The garden opened in 1960 as the first “true” postwar rooftop garden in the United John Staley States. The garden’s hardscape incorporated materials such as aluminum and cement Theodore "Ted" Osmundson made by Kaiser Industries for many of its large-scale projects around the world. The Osmundson & Staley design includes a large reflecting pool with numerous small fountains, a wooden bridge, undulating lawns, a curvilinear path system, benches, and an extensive plant palette comprising 42 mature specimen trees, extensive shrubs, ground covers, and herbaceous plantings. All photos this page by Tom Fox

58 The Cultural Landscape Foundation www.tclf.org 59 Oakland 1000 Oak Street 1000 Oak Street Oakland Oakland Museum of California

Photo by Marion Brenner These 24,600-square-foot rooftop gardens, completed in 1969, are constructed atop the Oakland Museum of California, a reinforced concrete-and-glass building, situated partially below grade, designed by architects Kevin Roche and John Dinkeloo of Landscape Type: Kevin Roche John Dinkeloo and Associates. Dan Kiley was commissioned to lay out Institutional Grounds the terraced planes, along with local landscape architect Geraldine Knight Scott, who Cultural Institution selected the plantings for the scheme. Roof Garden

The garden consists of three levels that descend from north to south, offering views of Landscape Style: Lake Merritt and the surrounding city from terraces and balconies that culminate in Modernist a below-grade sunken courtyard. The roofline of the interior galleries is staggered so that the outdoor terrace for one gallery sits atop the roof of another gallery. Terraces are Designed By: connected by wide flights of concrete steps. Tiered concrete planters densely planted Dan Kiley with small pear, olive, and pine trees, shrubs, and vines that cascade over terrace walls, Office of Dan Kiley define the spaces and provide a platform for outdoor sculpture. In the sunken courtyard Joe Karr Geraldine Knight Scott a rectangular swath of lawn is bisected by a diagonal pathway and edged by cedar of Kevin Roche Lebanon, live oak, and eucalyptus trees. To the west of the lawn, a long rectangular John Dinkeloo pool is planted with water lilies and stocked with fish. Renovations to the museum and Hood Design Studio gardens were completed in 2010. In 2019 the landscape architecture firm Hood Design Studio created plans for a new public entrance visible from Lake Merrit, and for new planting schemes on the terraces that reflect distinct regional ecologies. Photo by Marion Brenner Photo by Marion Brenner Photo by Kevin Roche

60 The Cultural Landscape Foundation www.tclf.org 61 Palo Alto 3401 Hillview Avenue 3401 Hillview Avenue Palo Alto

VMWare Campus

Photo courtesy PWP Landscape Architecture Located within the Stanford Research Park on the southern edge of Stanford University, this corporate campus occupies a 105-acre triangle of gently sloping land. Planned by Studio Studio Five Design, Inc., and O’Shea + Wilson Siteworks, the original 29-acre campus was expanded in the 2010s to encompass the entire tract. Designed by PWP Landscape Type: Landscape Architecture, the expansion was inspired by both the strong axes and inward- Corporate Office Park facing quadrangles of Frederick Law Olmsted, Sr.’s, plan for Stanford University. Dubbed “the campus in the forest," the site is planted with more than 4,000 trees, which Landscape Style: Modernist screen the buildings from surrounding development and each other. Within the 75-acre addition, PWP replaced expansive parking lots with distinct yet interconnected “campus Designed By: quads” reached via a network of trails and roads, resulting in a significant increase in PWP Landscape Architecture open space. Within one such quad, the Creekside District, a sycamore allée is lined by a Peter Walker 700-foot-long seasonal water feature, which gradually drops in elevation, responding to O’Shea + Wilson Siteworks the site’s overall grade change of 85 feet. The allée is bisected by three California-inspired Studio Five Design, Inc. landscapes: an agricultural grove of purple leaf plums, an oak chaparral, and a California Mission-style collection of palms. Designed to encourage employee interaction, a sloped, one-acre lawn within another quad, the Town Square, also functions as an amphitheater. South of the lawn another allée frames a series of elevated, rectangular lily ponds leading to the 40-foot-wide sculpture Approach, unveiled in 2018. Native plants were used extensively throughout the campus, as were bioswales for stormwater retention. All photos this page courtesy PWP Landscape Architecture

62 The Cultural Landscape Foundation www.tclf.org 63 Stanford 450 Serra Mall 450 Serra Mall Stanford

Stanford University

Photo by Jawed Karim Founded in 1885, this 8,180-acre university was underwritten by railroad magnate Landscape Type: Leland Stanford and his wife, Jena Lathrop. Placed on the Stanfords’ vast stock farm, the Campus institution was designed by Frederick Law Olmsted, Sr., and Leland Stanford, assisted by Quadrangle Plan the architectural firm Shepley, Rutan and Coolidge. Olmsted’s vision of open, interlocking Landscape Style: quadrangles and strong axes was gradually lost as the campus grew. From 1960 to 1977 Beaux-Arts / Neoclassical landscape architect Thomas Church created a master plan that sought to unify the sprawling grounds by replacing paved thoroughfares with open pedestrian malls, promenades, and Designed By: plazas. Church also set the precedent of replacing internal carparks with courtyards that Frederick Law Olmsted, Sr. John Charles Olmsted was continued by the SWA Group following the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake. After the F.L. & J.C. Olmsted earthquake, the university established design principles aimed at recovering Olmsted’s vision. Thomas Dolliver Church The campus’ historic core comprises twelve Mission Revival buildings that encompass SWA Group Peter Walker a central quadrangle covered in red pavers, inset with native flora reminiscent of the PWP Landscape Architecture surrounding landscape. From the quadrangle’s northern entrance, a long vista passes through Robert Mittelstadt Memorial Court, a partially enclosed courtyard, towards a four-acre lawn and culminates in Hargreaves Associates Palm Drive, a tree-lined road, designed by Olmsted. To the east and west, outdoor spaces Andrea Cochran Landscape ornamented with regional plantings maintain strong linear sightlines to the core. The university Architecture has been an epicenter of work by notable firms, including Foster+Partners, PWP Landscape Ricardo Legorreta Architecture, Aidlin Darling Design, Andrea Cochran Landscape Architecture, Tom Leader Office of Cheryl Barton Tom Leader Studio Studio, Scott Sebastian & Associates, and Hargreaves Associates. Scott Sebastian & Associates Photo by Chao Wei Juan Photo by Chao Wei Photo by Jill Clardy Photo by Jawed Karim

64 The Cultural Landscape Foundation www.tclf.org 65 Lead Sponsors What’s Out There® is the most comprehensive searchable database of North America's historic designed landscapes, with thousands of sites and images, and is optimized for iPhones and similar handheld devices. It includes What’s Nearby, a GPS-enabled function that locates all landscapes within a certain distance, customizable by mileage or walking time. Presenting Sponsors tclf.org/places Learn more about the sites in this guide and What’s Out There.

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All photos by The Cultural Landscape Foundation, unless otherwise noted. 66 The Cultural Landscape Foundation Left and Cover: Photos by Tom Fox www.tclf.org 67